Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pièges de surface'
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Bouchemat, Mohamed. "Étude des phénomènes de piégeage en volume et en surface dans une structure photoconductrice de type planar sur GaAs." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112268.
Full textSchuite, Jonathan. "Apports des mesures de déformation de surface et de l'inclinométrie pour la caractérisation pluri-échelle des réservoirs géologiques fracturés." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S090/document.
Full textFractured geological reservoirs have an important position among the environmental and economical challenges of the 21st century. In fact, they are either associated to deep storage of fluids, like nuclear wastes and carbon dioxide, or to the production of resources that are fundamental in our society, like geothermal energy and water. Preferential flowpaths within fractured rocks are shaped by fracture networks which make the media very heterogeneous and anisotropic. It is difficult to determine their structure and physical properties as they actually depend on the network's connectivity and scale of investigation. In this thesis, we assess the informational potential of surface deformation methods, in particular surface tilt, to monitor and describe fractured reservoirs at three important scales. Indeed, surface tilt is very sensitive to deep sub-surface fluxes and thereby to the impact of main conductive structures. Firstly, we develop the methodological strategy aiming at interpreting surface tilt. Using an elastic model and through a systematic exploration of the geometrical parameter space, we observe that tilt measurements are mainly sensitive to a fault's dip and extension in the dip direction. However, this sensitivity clearly depends on the position of measurement with respect to the fault. In addition, we validate the hydrogeophysical approach by monitoring the deformation induced by the pressurization of a sub-vertical fault zone during a few hours, using continuous long-baseline tiltmeter data and spatially distributed vertical displacements from two optical leveling campaigns. The observations are successfully reproduced by a simple hydromechanical model from which we estimate the fault's storativity, in agreement with previous results obtained from different approaches. A more robust poro-mechanical model of pressure diffusion in a fault embedded in a less permeable matrix is then used to further investigate the information content of transient tilt data. Therewith, we show that surface tilt is sensitive to the mechanical properties of the fault zone and to the hydromechanical functioning of the system as a whole. Secondly, we have developed an experimental approach aiming at monitoring surface deformations generated by the pressurization of deep sub-horizontal fractures of a few meters extent. By imposing an oscillatory hydraulic load at the fractures' inlets, we are able to recognize the signature of their mechanical opening in tilt measurements. The recovered amplitudes lie around 10 nanoradians for a few centimeters of hydraulic head variations. From this we estimate fracture stiffnesses that are consistent in light of published data. Finally, we address the question of seasonal fluxes within a fractured aquifer and its link with recharge.Tilt signals are well correlated with annual head fluctuations at the study site. However, the remarkable difference is that tilt displays a phase lead of about one month with respect to piezometric levels. We interpret tilt time series with a 1D hydromechanical model and highlight the fact that the method is of interest for determining the large scale reservoir's geometry and that it is sensitive to recharge processes (local versus spread recharge, both in space and time). This novel result opens new perspectives as regards the estimation of recharge fluxes which is a major concern for water resources management. Hence, we conclude that surface tilt monitoring is a method with a strong potential to describe the properties and hydromechanical behavior of fractured media, from a few meters' scale up to several kilometers
Lopez, garcia Andres Jenaro. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés piézoélectriques de nanofils de ZnO et de nanocomposites associés en vue d’une application à la conversion d’énergie mécanique à électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALT043.
Full textWith the increasing development of wireless networks of low-power sensors for the so-called internet-of-things, there is a need for efficient ways to ensure the energetic autonomy of sensing nodes. Among the various energy harvesting solutions, converting the abundant mechanical energy present in the environment into electrical energy is very promising. In this emerging field of research, ZnO nanowires (NWs) have been strongly studied during these last two decades, both as such, and integrated into nanocomposite materials. At the nanoscale, they feature improved electromechanical properties compared to bulk, as well as easy integration and manufacturing, on both rigid and flexibles substrates. However, some intriguing discrepancies between the experimental and simulation results available at the beginning of this PhD highlighted the need for a better understanding of the piezoelectric operation of NW-based composites, especially for what concerns two important aspects which had been poorly addressed so far: the coupling between piezoelectric and semi-conducting properties in simulations, and the dependence of electromechanical properties with ZnO NW growth method or with NW surrounding environment in experiments.From the theoretical point of view, this Ph.D. thesis studies the coupling of piezoelectric and semiconducting properties in ZnO NWs and related nanocomposites and provides optimization guidelines for mechanical to electrical transducing applications. It investigates the influence of doping level, free carrier density, interface traps and geometrical parameters on electromechanical parameters. Simulations of ZnO NW-based nanocomposites under mechanical compression were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Experimentally, several atomic force microscopy (AFM) modes, such as piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) were used, in order to probe locally electrical and electromechanical parameters which play a key role in the efficiency of the piezoelectric response of ZnO NWs. Our results showed that doping level, free carriers and surface traps, as well as traps dynamics, must be considered in order to explain the amplitude and the potential asymmetry of the electromechanical response, or the influence that geometry has on it. They demonstrate that semiconducting properties should be taken into account for the analysis of experimental results and for the correct design of electromechanical self-powered devices based on ZnO NWs and nanocomposites
Ben-Salah, Mohsen. "Utilisation des surfaces pour l'alignement et le balancement des pièces." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/361/1/BEN%2DSALAH_Mohsen.pdf.
Full textYuan, Shifeng. "Caractérisation des surfaces découpées par laser et modélisation thermique du processus." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0008.
Full textBourdet, Pierre. "Contribution à la mesure tridimensionnelle : modèle d'identification géométrique des surfaces, métrologie fonctionnelle des pièces mécaniques, correction géométrique des machines à mesurer tridimentionnelles." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10041.
Full textGharbi, Myriam. "Etats de surface de pièces métalliques obtenues en Fabrication Directe par Projection Laser (FDPL) : compréhension physique et voies d’amélioration." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0026/document.
Full textThe process of direct manufacturing by projection laser ( FDPL), is a process of additive manufacturing which allows to make rooms(parts,plays) of complex shape directly from a file CAD, without tool and without mold(mussel). One of its major inconveniences is the bad quality of the states of surface obtained (Ra upper to 15 µm) which requires systematically stages of remanufacturing. In this context, and within the framework of the project ANR " aspect ", this thesis(theory) has for double objective a better understanding of the origin of the degraded states of surface, and the development of various innovative experimental solutions allowing to improve the states of surface. At first, by considering simple geometries (walls) in alloy of titanium Ti-6Al-4V, we studied the interaction
Abroug, Foued. "Effet des défauts d’usinage sur la tenue en fatigue de pièces aéronautiques." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0016/document.
Full textThe size of a component has been proved in several studies of the literature to affect the fatigue strength and this trend is known to be more pronounced in the High Cycle Fatigue regime. More exactly a drop of the fatigue limit is observed and this evolution is very often explained by the probability to find a critical defect or a weakest zone in the material as the stressed volume rises. The present manuscript is part of a French research project gathering several industrial and academic partners that aims to control the machining quality of aircraft structural components. For one part of the project the challenge is to define a proper defect acceptability criterion for HCF design purpose. It must be able to account for a large range of surface defects and of component sizes and geometries. Even though the primary objective was to better understand the impact of periodic surface micro-geometry patterns (characteristic of the type of machining used) on the fatigue limit, we thought that it was first necessary to check if a size effect can be observed when an increasing number of artificial simplified surface defects are introduced at the surface of smooth specimens. The aeronautical material under investigation is a 7050 Aluminum alloy (Al Zn6CuMgZr). A large fatigue testing campaign under fully reversed plane bending loading is undertaken on specimens with artificial surface hemispherical defects. Defect number varies from 1 to 44 per specimen whereas their size ranges from 60 µm to 800 µm. Testing results allow the characterization of both Kitagawa effect and scale effect on the fatigue response. A probabilistic approach based on the weakest link concept together with a proper fatigue crack initiation criterion is used to account for the stress distribution and the size of the highly stressed volume. Predictions using FE simulations show a good agreement with experimental results and illustrate the importance of taking the scale effect into account while designing components containing different types of surface defects or roughness patterns.Keywords : Surface defect, HCF, Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram, Weakest link concept, AA7050 alloy
Klonk, Steffen. "Modélisation numérique du chauffage par induction de pièces à géométrie complexe." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00982312.
Full textVera, Julie. "Texturation de surface de pièces polymères injectées à partir de la structuration submicronique du moule." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC025/document.
Full textOver the past decades, industrial and academic research groups have been trying to functionalize surfaces, i.e. provide new properties to surfaces, in order to obtain specific functions such as friction reduction, anti-fog or de-icing properties. Among the various existing surface treatment techniques, laser ablation using an ultra-short pulse laser gives the opportunity to generate submicronic textures, which play an essential role in their functional behavior. However, in the case of mass production of textured surfaces, it is preferable to reproduce these textures with a fingerprinting technique for reasons of cost-effectiveness.This work focuses on the study of the various factors involved in the replication of submicronic topographies by plastic injection. Understanding the influence of the parameters of the injection process, the properties of the injected polymer and the surface chemistry of the mold (with or without coating) is key to controlling the quality of the injected part.A first study was carried out on two polypropylenes of different viscosities under low shear rate (MFR grade). A first step was to develop a methodology enabling to quantify the quality of replication of periodic and random submicron structures between the injected part and the mold. For identical injection parameters, it was observed that the quality of replication of the patterns on the injected parts was different when viscosity changed. A study of the structural and rheological characteristics of the polymers was carried out. This difference in replication was not due to their viscosity under the injection conditions in spite of very different MFR grades but to their mode of stress relaxation during the cooling phase [1]. A second study focused on the influence of the surface chemistry of molds when filling the cavities in the injection process. We mainly studied the phenomenon of adhesion of a molten polymer on different chromium nitride, titanium-based and DLC films deposited on mold substrates. From the temperature wetting tests and the surface energy measurements of the molten polymers, we determined the work of adhesion between the polymers and the coated or non-coated molds at injection temperatures [2]. On the basis of these results, we performed a synthesis work by developing a statistical approach based on the analysis of experimental plans in order to quantify the influence of various factors, both process (injection rates, Impression, mold temperature, etc.) and material (different polymers, different coatings on the mold) related. We showed that thermal exchanges at the mold-polymer interface had a dominant role in the quality of replication. In particular, these exchanges depend on the nature of the coatings and regulates the formation of the solid sheath during microinjection [3].[1] J. Vera, A.-C. Brulez, E. Contraires, M. Larochette, S. Valette, S. Benayoun, Influence of the polypropylene structure on the replication of nanostructures by injection molding, J. Micromech. Microeng. 25 (2015) 115027. doi:10.1088/0960-1317/25/11/115027.[2] J. Vera, E. Contraires, A.-C. Brulez, M. Larochette, S. Valette, S. Benayoun, Wetting of polymer melts on coated and uncoated steel surfaces, Applied Surface Science. 410 (2017) 87–98. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.02.067.[3] J. Vera, A.-C. Brulez, E. Contraires, M. Larochette, N. Trannoy-Orban, M. Pignon, C. Mauclair, S. Valette, S. Benayoun, Factors influencing micro-injection quality, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. (soumis en juin 2017)
Dutilh, Vincent. "Maîtrise de l'intégrité de surface par la surveillance d'usinage sur les pièces critiques en superalliage de turbomoteurs aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15642/1/Dutilh.pdf.
Full textChen, Qing Hua. "Optimisation des caractéristiques métallurgiques et géométriques des zones superficielles de pièces traitees par laser : modélisations et étude expérimentale." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0082.
Full text[In order to control the characteristics of the transformation hardened zone induced by laser beams at the surface of ferrous alloys, the objective of the present study is to set up a modeling technique to predict the induced effects and to select the trial parameters. We have performed a very complete bibliographical analysis of the different approaches essentially thermal ones) and drawn out three types of models: analytical models, pure numerical models and semi-phenomenological models. We have concluded that it is necessary to conduct parallelly all the three types of models to reach our objectives. The reasons are the followings: 1. The comparison among the different models, if possible, allows to verify their effectiveness and that of relating softwares developed in the study. 2. The semi- phenomenological model is indispensable to obtain the important mean thermo-physical parameters which can be injected into other models. 3. The analytical models can be used in the simple situations and give a rapid response to certain problems. 4. The numerical models using finite differences method permit us to treat many complex situations (laser beams transformed by the optical devices treatment of· rides of pieces etc. . . ). All our theoretical approaches have been supported by the relating experiments proving their correctness and effectiveness. These experiments also reveal the interests of a "ceramic" absorbent material. ]
Wind, Priscilla. "La notion de mise en scène dans les pièces de théâtre d'Elfriede Jelinek." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00488060.
Full textBarbeau, Fabrice. "Conception, étude et réalisation de pièces en alliage léger, localement renforcées par insert." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10268.
Full textVoillot, Benoit. "Caractérisation de la tenue mécanique en fatigue de pièces en alliage de titane Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr contenant des défauts." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN012/document.
Full textThe prediction of the fatigue life of sliders made by SAFRAN Landing Systems is the goal of this work. To manufacture big forged parts, high performance Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr (Ti5553) alloy is used.To ensure the in-service life, various mechanical treatments are carried out. Shot-peening at the end of the process is of prime importance in order to improve the mechanical performance. The knowledge of residual stresses resulting from this treatment is necessary to understand fatigue results for all part location. The two-phase microstructure of the alloy makes stress analyses difficult. A complete protocol to analyse stresses by X-ray diffraction has been developed and validated through in-situ test. The Ti5553 alloy exhibits high yield stress coupled with weaker toughness. Lifing of parts made of Ti5553 is currently carried out with no specific account of surface defects. To improve the knowledge of initiation processes in this alloy in the presence of defects, various tests have been carried out (elasto-plastic behavior, crack initiation and propagation studies). Tests are carried out on coupons with faces and edges with calibrated defects (i.e., machined scratches and indents). The influence of such defects on the fatigue lifetime are studied in terms of type, size and shot-peening level
Lebaal, Nadhir. "Optimisation de la tête d'extrusion pour la fabrication de pièces thermoplastiques." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343764.
Full textUne procédure d'optimisation, basée sur la méthode de surface de réponse, a été proposée. Celle-ci nous a permis de résoudre un problème d'optimisation implicite dont l'évaluation des fonctions est très coûteuse en temps de calcul. Pour cela, toutes les fonctions sont écrites sous une forme explicite en utilisant soit l'approximation diffuse ou l'interpolation Krigeage. Compte tenu de la présence des contraintes non linéaires, un algorithme itératif de type SQP, a été utilisé. Pour localiser l'optimum global avec précision et à moindre coût, une procédure d'échantillonnage auto adaptatif de l'espace de recherche a été appliquée et plusieurs stratégies permettant de réactualiser les approximations et le point initial ont été adoptées.
Dans la première étape l'objectif était d'identifier le comportement rhéologique d'une matière plastique en production. La comparaison avec des mesures en rhéométrie capillaire nous a permis de vérifier la pertinence des paramètres rhéologique obtenus par optimisation.
Les résultats de trois autres applications mettent en évidence l'intérêt de l'optimisation des paramètres géométriques et opératoires du procédé d'extrusion.
Une filière optimisée numériquement pour une gamme différente de polymère a été réalisée et une comparaison expérimentale a permis de valider toute la procédure de simulation et d'optimisation mise en place. Les résultats expérimentaux et de simulations montrent une bonne homogénéisation de la répartition des vitesses à la sortie de la filière optimale pour une gamme très large de débits et pour différents polymères.
Moussaoui, Kamel. "Influence de l'usinage sur la durée de vie en fatigue de pièces aéronautiques en alliage de titane." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2064/.
Full textThe objective of this study is to describe the influence of machining life time of aircraft parts made of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) under fatigue. The proposed approach consists in three main steps. In the first step, we study the influence of machining on surface integrity. This is a multivariable and complex problem, and we used an experimental design to solve it. This method allowed to highlight the machining parameters influence on surface integrity. The second step aims at studying the influence of surface integrity on life time in fatigue. The dominant influence of residual surface stresses on fatigue life time was observed. Indeed, they seem to be a good indicator to predict and optimize the fatigue life time. The third stage aims at developing the articulation of the two previous steps to optimize fatigue life time from the machining parameters. Tests were conducted with optimized machining conditions. Life time in fatigue has been multiplied by a 2. 7 factor compared to standard industrial conditions. With this last step, we define a new machining strategy, against current trends, which is to achieve a single pass machining with a low cutting speed and a large axial depth of cut
Guillemot, Nicolas. "Prise en compte de l'intégrité de surface pour la prévision de la tenue en fatigue de pièces usinées en fraisage." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610030.
Full textLacombe, Alexandra. "Influence du procédé de perçage sur l'intégrité de surface et la tenue en fatigue de pièces percées en AA2024-T351." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30001.
Full textIn aircraft structures, drilled holes are major critical areas from where fatigue damage can be initiated. Depending on the drilling parameters and process, manufacturers observe significant different fatigue strength of the drilled structures. This thesis aims to give elements for understanding this industrial problem, for the case of AA2024-T351 drilled parts. It deals with industrial drilling configurations and focus on two drilling processes: orbital drilling which offers many potential economic advantages and axial drilling which is the conventional drilling process. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of the drilling configuration on the fatigue strength of the drilled part, but also on surface integrity of the drilled hole. This has to enable to identify the surface integrity parameters controlling the fatigue strength and the major drilling process parameters driving the surface integrity. The first step of the work was to conduct fatigue tests to assess the fatigue performance of different drilling configurations. These revealed significant differences in fatigue life between some drilling configurations. The second step was to lead an experimental characterization of the surface integrity of the drilled holes. This was orientated by a finite element model predicting the material depth affected in the hole subsurface and new analysis methods (like the "HOCT") had to be considered for some aspects of the surface integrity due to the small depth affected. This campaign showed the dominating influence of the internal aspects of the surface integrity (strain hardening and residual stress) on the fatigue strength. Finally, the last step of the work aimed to study the impact of the drilling process parameters on the surface integrity. For this purpose, a finite element model of orthogonal cutting has been developed. The dominating influence of the tool geometry on the surface integrity has been shown
Novichenko, Denis. "Fabrication par projection laset et caractérisation des pièces composites à base d'acier et carbure de titane." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENISE008.
Full textTheoretical and experimental data are reported in the thesis which leads to concrete recommendations in the field of direct manufacturing of parts from metal matrix composites based of steel and titanium carbide by laser cladding. Numerical simulation of gas flow and powder injection is carried out to define the optimal parameters for the powder particles. Analysis of the influence of the process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, deposition strategy) on geometrical and technological characteristics is performed to improve process efficiency and productivity. Brightness temperature in the working zone is analyzed under various conditions by pyrometer and infrared camera to control the material deposition process. Structure and properties of the laser-fabricated composite materials, particularities of the interaction between the reinforcement phase and the metal matrix are examined
Cellier, Adrien. "Etude du fraisage de l'alliage de titane Ti-6AI-4V : influence des angles de coupe et des rayons de bec sur l'intégrité de surface et la limite d'endurance des pièces." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4024/document.
Full textThis study is carried out on the influence of milling process on surface integrity and fatigue life of a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Geometric parameters like cutting angles and nose radius are investigated. In the first part, the observation is focused on tool life. The second part is dedicated to the influence of geometric parameters on surface integrity which is defined by topography, residual stress, hardness and microstructure. To determine the nature of the residual stresses a thermomechanical approach is used. A relation between residual stress and hardness is established. The last part deals with the study of the fatigue of milled titanium samples. A comparison is made between experimental fatigue limit and analytical fatigue limit of a model from literature. With this comparison, the most influential factor of surface integrity on fatigue limit is determined. A fractography analysis reveals the phenomenon related to milling process which can influence the material rupture
Morelli, Carolina Lipparelli. "Développement et étude des propriétés des films et des pièces injectées de nano-biocomposites de nanowhiskers de cellulose et de polymères biodégradables." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI018/document.
Full textThis study aimed at evaluating the potential of application of cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcing elements of biodegradable polymeric matrices, in the films and injection molded pieces applications. Two polymeric matrices with different properties were used, namely: poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PBAT, and poly(lactic acid), PLA. For the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (NCC), two sources were selected: microcrystalline cellulose (CMC) and balsa wood . Due to the high polarity of cellulose nanocrystals, different approaches of surface chemical modifications of these particles were tested, in order to ensure their good dispersion when added to polymeric matrices of lower polarity. They were: a) chemical modification with two types of isocyanates, an aliphatic one (octadecyl isocyanate) and an aromatic one (phenylbutyl isocyanate); b) grafting of poly (butylene glutarate) using the in situ polymerization technique; c) silanization treatment; and d) grafting of poly(acrylic acid) through click chemistry technique. Modified and unmodified NCCs were processed with PBAT and PLA by casting or melt extrusion processing techniques. In general, the chemical modification of NCC surface increased their thermal resistance, decreased their polarity and improved their dispersion into PLA and PBAT matrices. Some of these treatments, as well as the processing conditions enabled an increase in the overall mechanical properties of the polymers. Thus, the characterization of the nanocomposites showed that NCC addition increased the elastic modulus of the matrix and retained its higher stiffness even under relatively high temperatures. Higher NCC contents led to larger increases in the stiffness of the ensuing composites. The water vapor permeability of PBAT was also reduced with the introduction of NCC. This work points out several potential good perspectives for the use of celulose nanocrystals as reinforcing elements of polymeric matrices. It showed also that it is possible to obtain significant improvements in the polymer properties using the same processing techniques as those used at industrial scale, such as melt extrusion and injection molding
O presente estudo de doutorado teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial deaplicação de nanocristais de celulose como reforço em matrizes poliméricasbiodegradáveis, em aplicações de filmes ou em peças moldadas por injeção.Duas matrizes poliméricas de diferentes propriedades foram utilizadas paraestudo nessas aplicações, sendo elas: poli(butileno adipato-co-tereftalato),PBAT, e poli(ácido láctico), PLA. Foram também selecionadas duas fontes paraextração dos nanocristais de celulose (NCC): a celulose microcristalina (CMC)e a madeira balsa.Devido ao caráter altamente polar dos nanocristais de celulose diferentesrotas de modificações químicas superficiais dessas partículas foram testadas,visando garantir a boa dispersão dos mesmos quando adicionados às matrizespoliméricas de menor polaridade. Foram elas: a) modificação química com doistipos de isocianatos, sendo um de cadeia alifática (octadecil isocianato) e outrode cadeia aromática (fenilbutil isocianato); b) enxertia do poli(butileno glutarato)através da técnica de polimerização in situ; c) tratamento de silanização com -metacriloxi-propil-trimetoxi-silano; d) enxertia de poli(ácido acrílico) através datécnica de click chemistry.NCC modificados e não modificados foram processados com PBAT ouPLA através de mistura com o polímero em solução (casting) ou no estadofundido (extrusão ou homogeneizador de alta rotação do tipo Drais).De modo geral, modificações químicas superficiais dos NCC aumentarama estabilidade térmica dos mesmos, diminuíram sua polaridade e melhoraram adispersão dos NCC nas matrizes de PBAT ou PLA. Isso fez com queincrementos ainda maiores nas propriedades desses polímeros pudessem serxxivalcançados, dependendo do tipo de modificação e do processo de misturautilizados.A caracterização dos nanocompósitos obtidos mostrou que a adição deNCC elevou o módulo elástico das matrizes e conservou sua maior rigidezmesmo em temperaturas relativamente elevadas, sendo que maiores teores deNCC levaram a maiores aumentos na rigidez. A permeabilidade a vapor deágua do PBAT também foi reduzida com a introdução dos NCC e não foialterada no caso do PLA.Os resultados desse trabalho apontaram boas perspectivas no uso dosnanocristais de celulose como reforços de matrizes poliméricas. Tambémmostraram que é possível obter melhorias nas propriedades de polímerosmesmo através da utilização de processos de maior reprodutibilidade emescala industrial, como extrusão e injeção
Lavisse, Bruno. "Approche thermomécanique de l’interface meule/pièce/lubrifiant lors de la rectification de dentures d'engrenage en acier nitruré : impacts sur l’intégrité du matériau rectifié." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0190.
Full textThe grinding process is very useful to obtain a very precise surface finish. It is generally used on very hard materials which cannot be machined by other conventional machining processes. However grinding involves very complex material removal mechanisms and most of the time is difficult to set up. During the grinding process, the main grinding energy is converted into heat between chip, lubricant, wheel and workpiece. Temperature and heat flux in the grinding zone depend on the contact geometry, on the material, on the wheel (grit size, geometry, porosity, wear), on the dressing, on the grinding parameters (depth of cut, workpiece speed, wheel speed) and on lubrication conditions. High temperatures result in thermal damage such as metallurgical changes, stress gradients, and changes in workpiece dimensions. In general terms, because of this process, surface integrity may be seriously damaged. Grinding parameters have to guarantee the workpiece quality and have to respond to the productivity improvement in machining and cutting industry. The target of this thesis was the mechanical and thermal study of the grinding zone between workpiece, wheel and lubricant in order to reduce the burn risk during the grinding of a nitrided steel gear. The purpose was also to define possible transformations associated to this damage. To achieve it, we developed several research topics. We proposed an experimentally verified heat flux model, usable to predict accurately the nitrided steel temperature in the lubricated grinding zone. This model is based on an inverse method and temperature measurements with a workpiece/foil thermocouple. We made a grinding wheel comparative study in order to determine the wheel capable, for a given workpiece roughness, of limiting the risk of burn. To perform this study, we focused, for each wheel, on the maximum allowable depth of cut before burning. This comparative study was led both in laboratory and industrial conditions. We also studied the influence of thermal damages in grinding by studying and qualifying the nitrided steel microstructure. The use of classical measurement techniques such as: hardness, SEM, EBSD and DRX or original and underused techniques such as Barkhausen noise or Raman spectroscopy permitted to define changes in the burned grinded materials. Between the two states of materials (burned and no burned), we observed differences in hardness, grain size and ferrous oxides creation. At last, we made a detailed study on the lubrication efficiency during grinding of the nitrided steel. For this purpose we changed independently fluid flow and jet speed in outlet nozzle. Then we observed the modifications this could cause on the temperature distribution in the grinding zone and on the workpiece heat partition ratio
Even, Anaïs. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'inhibition de la corrosion dans le cadre de revêtements hybrides pour pièces aéronautiques." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS534.
Full textThe struggle against corrosion in the aeronautical industry is an ongoing challenge. To meet these requirements, the current system uses chromates with anticorrosive properties. However, these compounds are classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic. A non-toxic sol-gel/polymer hybrid coating has been developed to provide an alternative to the reference system. This coating is innovative in its application by spray and a one-step UV-curing polymerization. This system is complex and the understanding of the mechanisms involved in corrosion inhibition has been the subject of this thesis work. First, work conducted has allowed to highlight the passive protection of the coating and link its performance to the film structuration down to the nanoscale. Then, in case of damage to the coating, the active protection of the coating was studied. During solicitation of the coating, the active response of the corrosion inhibitor system was characterized by exposure to natural environment, supplemented by accelerated cyclic corrosion tests. This research work has shown that the action of a corrosion inhibitor is closely dependent on the matrix in which it is integrated. The coating matrix is closed and dense, providing a barrier effect, but reducing the mobility of active species when the substrate to be protected is exposed. These tests have shown that the hybrid coating provides superior protection in comparison with a non-chromatedcommercial paint
Petitcuenot, Mathieu. "Maîtrise de la qualité géométrique des pièces de formes complexes sur tout le cycle de conception et fabrication : Application à une aube de turbine." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0025.
Full textMy PhD thesis is integrated into a context of functional dimensioning development in a 3D CAD environment at Snecma, a major player in the aerospace propulsion world. The objectives of this research work are varied but follow one goal: mastery quality geometry throughout the design, control and manufacturing cycle, by the deployment of the ISO standards of tolerancing.At first a functional definition ISO is proposed for parts with complex shapes that make up a turbo-machine while considering issues related to metrology and automatic control without contact. This definition requires some updates of existing standards. Another problem was to meet industrial demands in their entirety by considering the various types of engine parts.A second important part of the work is to develop control and analyze tools for complex 3D shapes for a better understanding of their geometry by separating local and global faults, which do not have the same functional impact.A third part develops a 3D manufacturing transfer strategy on complex workpieces on mounting “6 points” by considering the surface orientation problems.All work ensures compliance of functional requirements, on parts with complex shapes, from definition to the workpiece through the deployment of ISO standards of tolerancing.This work led to a publication in CIRP CAT 2014 China, a Snecma internal development of a quantification tool of global / local defects, a strong wich to develop a 3D transfer generic tool based on the work done, two awards Snecma creativity with one ranked second in 2013 on all the awards and a major change in the control method of form profiles specifications
Geveaux, Pierre. "Conception d'un système de détection de défauts sur surfaces texturées par traitement d'images : application au contrôle haute cadence de pièces en défilement." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS026.
Full textCrolet, Arnaud. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence du comportement vibratoire du système "pièce - outil - machine" sur la qualité de surface obtenue en tournage de superfinition." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL040N/document.
Full textThe superfinishing in turning is very specific, depth of cut about 0.05mm and feed in the order of 0.05mm/rev and allows to produce surfaces with precision and roughness equivalent to grinding process. However, this process is strongly influenced by the dynamic characteristics of the machining system. The aim of our work is to understand how dynamic characteristics of the Part/Tool/Machine (P.T.M.) system influence the surface quality obtained in superfinishing with cutting tool. Initially, we defined acceptable and stable cutting conditions by using the standardized method of the Couple tool-matterial. Then, a frequential analysis enabled us to identify three remarkable sources of vibrations in the P.T.M. system that are the machine tool, the spindle frequency and the tool. Then, we set up an experimental study in order to evaluate the influence of the identified sources of vibrations on surface quality and on the vibrations measured on the cutting tool. Finally we studied the correlations between the vibrations and the surface quality obtained by superfinishing turning
Bahloul, Riadh. "Optimisation du procédé de pliage sur presses de pièces en tôles à haute limite d'élasticité." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001709.
Full textVoiry, Matthieu. "Étude et conception d'un système automatisé de contrôle d'aspect des pièces optiques basé sur des techniques connexionnistes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0077/document.
Full textIn various industrial fields, the problem of diagnosis is of great interest. For example, the check of surface imperfections on an optical device is necessary to guarantee its operational performances. The conventional control method, based on human expert visual inspection, suffers from limitations, which become critical for some high-performances components. In this context, this thesis deals with the design of an automatic system, able to carry out the diagnosis of appearance flaws. To fulfil the time constraints, the suggested solution uses two sensors working on different scales. We present one of them based on Normarski microscopy, and the image processing methods which allow, starting from issued data, to detect the defects and to determine roughness in a reliable way. The development of an operational prototype, able to check small optical components, validates the proposed techniques. The final diagnosis also requires a classification phase. Indeed, if the permanent defects are detected, many “false” defects (dust, cleaning marks. . . ) are emphasized as well. This complex problem is solved by a MLP Artificial Neural Network using an invariant description of the defects. This representation, resulting from the Fourier-Mellin transform, is a high dimensional vector, what implies some problems linked to the “curse of dimensionality”. In order to limit these harmful effects, various dimensionality reduction techniques (Self Organizing Map, Curvilinear Component Analysis and Curvilinear Distance Analysis) are investigated. On one hand we show that CCA and CDA are more powerful than SOM in terms of projection quality. On the other hand, these methods allow using more simple classifiers with equal performances. Finally, a modular neural network, which exploits local models, is developed. We proposed a new classification problems decomposition scheme, based on the intrinsic dimension concept. The obtained data clusters of homogeneous dimensionality have a physical meaning and permit to reduce significantly the training phase of the classifier, while improving its generalization performances
Moreau, Vincent. "Etude dynamique de l’usinage et de l’interaction pièce-outil par mesure des déplacements : application au fraisage et au tournage." Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAM0005.
Full textLn order to counter tool vibrations problem during machining operations, two different approaches were developed. The first is the tool vibration. Prediction, through increasingly sophisticated machining operation models. The second is an experimental approach with the instrumentation of machining centers to monitor and understand the behavior of the tool during machining. Under the second approach, many sensor technologies are used. The aim of this work is to study the behavior of the tool using non-contact dis placement sensor to measure directly the tool vibrations during the machining operation. This approach used in milling and turning allow the study of various aspects of the tool-workpiece interactions. The first point is the investigation of cutting the phenomenon, with the possibility of drawing the tool trajectory in three dimensions or in the plan. The second point is the study of stability or instability of the machining operation. Subsequently, measurements of displacements are used to determine the cutting forces, either for milling or turning operation. The forces applied on the tool will cause its deflection; this deflection is measured by the non-contact displacement sensors. For the milling, a specific calculation method, using Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the tool has been implemented. It allows cutting forces calculation for high spindle speeds. Finally, the reconstruction of the workpiece surface was done. The measured tool displacements are superimposed on the theoretical tool trajectory to determine the surface aspect and profile of the actual machined surface during the operation
Odinot, Julie. "Développement de la fabrication additive directe par DED-CLAD : de la poudre à la mise en forme de pièces céramiques denses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN059.
Full textThis work, in partnership between the ONERA Materials and Composite Structure Department (DMSC) and IREPA Laser within the CLADIATOR project, is based on the study of direct additive manufacturing of dense ceramic materials by direct melt deposition (also known as laser cladding) process. This process enables high dimensions or even multi-materials part manufacturing.It will deal with the adaptation of raw materials (ceramic powders) to the existing machine, especially in the case of powder flowability and optical absorption. Indeed, the powder flowability enables its transportation up to the laser nozzle, while the optical absorption of the laser signal is necessary to allow its melting.In parallel, the existing machine also needs to be adapted to ceramic materials : the main difficulty of this work will be the occurence of cracks during the manufacturing. This phenomena is due to the local heating by the laser and the materials brittleness. That’s why some secondary heating solutions, before or after the melt, will have to be defined to decrease the thermal gradient in the material while processing. Those solutions will be discussed between Onera and Irepa Laser, based on FEM simulations established with COMSOL Multiphysics software.Finally, the elaboration process influence on the manufactured ceramics parts will be investigated with microscopy, mechanical and thermal characterization
Lorain, Raphaël. "Contribution à la modélisation de la qualité géométrique des surfaces générées en perçage vibratoire : application au cas de pièces aéronautiques en alliage de titane Ti6Al4V." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEE001.
Full textThe use of forced vibration drilling process has grown widely in the aircraft industry in recent years. This technology allows good chip fragmentation and limits heat production, in particular when drilling titanium alloys. Forced vibration drilling process is often used on Automatic Drilling Unit (ADU). These devices offer a low radial rigidity. Thus, the combination of a flexible machine and a discontinuous cutting process induces a significant risk of radial oscillations of the drill during the different phases of the drilling which, in fine, results in geometric deviations in the cylindricity and the dimension of the holes generated.Obtaining a good geometric quality of the holes using these devices depends on a set of interacting factors, such as the grinding of the tool tip, the particular kinematics of the operation linked to the use of vibration drilling process, the mechanical characteristics of the material drilled, and the characteristics of the machine used to perform the operation.The works presented in this thesis is divided in two parts. The first part aims to characterize the geometry of holes surface. An original method, having a strong discriminating capability, is proposed. It identifies the critical parameters that control the dynamics of the process. The implementation of this method has shown its ability to quantify the influence of the drill-bush and the influence of the web-thinning geometry.The second part of the work focuses on proposing an analytical modelling of the forced vibration drilling process dynamics taking into account the forces distribution along the cutting edges, and more particularly at the centre of the tool (web thinning). The objective of this analytical model is to predict the lateral displacements of the tool tip during the full material penetration phase, given the major impact of this step in controlling the geometric quality of the holes
Moriere, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude des assemblages avec prise en compte des défauts de forme : modélisation et expérimentation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22119/document.
Full textPhD in Mechanics of solids
Perrin, Géraldine. "Etude métallurgique, mécanique et thermique de l'intégrité des surfaces des pièces percées au foret helicoïdal dans l'IN718TR : Détection, quantification des anomalies de perçage par Process Monitoring." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP0003.
Full textBigot, Erwan. "Simulation tridimensionnelle du remplissage de corps minces par injection." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1073.
Full textSchulbaum, Laurent. "Traduction des surfaces stratigraphiques et des géométries deltaïques lors du passage de l'échelle puits à l'échelle sismique." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10328.
Full textDieye, Mamadou. "Comportement dynamique du système pièce/outil/machine (POM) en rectification plane passe profonde." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003440.
Full textDutier, Gabriel. "Cavité nanométrique de vapeur de Césium : spectroscopie à haute résolution et interaction de surface de type van der Waals." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583452.
Full textChini, Maria Rita. "Analyse des hétérogénéités de microstructure et de microtexture héritées par transformation de phase β→α dans des pièces massives en alliage Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al : influence sur la dispersion des propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0149.
Full textThe β-metastable titanium alloys such as Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al are gradually replacing α/β alloys in aeronautical applications thanks to their improved specific strength. However, their microstructures are complex and multi-scale, consisting of a β matrix (of millimetric grains) partially transformed into primary αp nodules (micrometric) and secondary αs lamellae (sub-micrometric). The final mechanical properties are very sensitive to local variations of the microstructure, which are not always fully controlled during forging of massive parts. Moreover, the β matrix, which represent 40% of the volume and whose elastic and plastic behavior is strongly anisotropic (like the α phase) complicates the understanding of the mechanisms of deformation. The first objective of this thesis was to efficiently characterize the microstructure/texture of the different constituents (β/αp/αs) and their heterogeneities within half-finished products and forged parts by using techniques of multi-scale characterization (neutron diffraction, electronic imaging coupled with image analysis and EBSD, reconstruction of high temperature microtextures β/αp). As a result the fragmentation of the β grains into subgrains, the αp macrozones, the destruction of the orientation relation between β/αp and the organization of the αs lamellae in colonies or basket weave was quantified and the differences in size of domains revealed by crystallography and by standard imaging were pointed out. The second objective is to apply this methodology to the analysis of fracture surfaces of samples exhibiting singular behavior (in tension or in fatigue) in order to characterize the microstructural configurations leading to early cracking. This analysis was mainly performed by manual polishing coupled with EBSD acquisitions but also by using 3D imaging by SEM-FIB (Focus Ion Beam) and TKD (Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction) technique on a thin foil FIB-extracted from the crack initiation site. Finally, this experimental study was completed by a micromechanical simulation on a 100% β model microstructure. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the elastic anisotropy of the β phase on the genesis of incompatibility stresses in the elastic and elasto-plastic regimes. The overall results contribute to a better understanding of the variations of mechanical properties related to the local microstructure
Gilles, Patrick. "Positionnement d'outil torique pour l'usinage de surfaces gauches en fraisage 5-axes avec équilibrage de l'effort de coupe transversale." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/330/.
Full textThe presented work consists to improve milling process of sculptured surfaces. The aim is to reduce disturbances during machining in order to obtain a better surface roughness without increasing the manufacturing time. The study was conducted in 5-axis milling for torus cutter with round inserts suitable for the considered parts. The first part of this study establishes a cutting force model with a tool axis inclination towards the back of the tool. It leads to a formulation to balance the transversal cutting force that brings a significant improvement on tool dynamic behaviour. The second part presents a free gouging tool positioning and an associated strategy using the balance of transversal cutting force. The proposed method is globally validated on a complete example of sculptured surface machining
Aussibal, Christine. "Réalisation d'un condesat de Bose-Einstein sur une microstructure." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004429.
Full textMoreau, Vincent. "Etude dynamique de l'usinage et de l'interaction pièce-outil par mesure des déplacements : application au fraisage et au tournage." Phd thesis, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005924.
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