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Rodde, Dominique. "Le Concordat de 1817 : les raisons historiques d'un échec." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA110014.
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Le, Bras Yann. "La démission et la révocation par le pape des évêques français à l'occasion du concordat de 1801 : histoire, enjeux et perpectives canoniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAD006.
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À peine arrivé au pouvoir, Bonaparte propose au pape Pie VII de rétablir le culte catholique en France, ce qui sera formalisé par le concordat de 1801. En échange, il exige, entre autres, que tous les évêques alors reconnus par Rome soient destitués et remplacés par d’autres, nommés par lui. Pie VII est placé dans l’embarras. Il ne sait pas s’il a le droit de révoquer d’autorité des évêques. Il prend le parti de leur demander de démissionner, mais près de la moitié d’entre eux refuse. Le maintien sur leurs sièges de ces évêques empêcherait la conclusion du Concordat, que Pie VII estime être un grand bien pour l’Église. C’est en vue de ce bien qu’il finit par considérer qu’il possède l’autorité pour révoquer les évêques non-démissionnaires. Cette thèse se propose d’établir l’histoire de cette décision, à partir, entre autres, de l’exploitation d’archives inédites, dont les plus importantes sont publiées dans leur intégralité. Elle chercher à expliquer comment le Saint-Siège parvient, à la faveur de la Restauration, à la faire accepter à l’ensemble de l’épiscopat. Il en détaille les enjeux, tant pour l’époque que pour la postérité. En définitive, ce texte soutient la thèse que, même si Pie VII a pris une décision sans précédent, cette dernière était conforme à la tradition canonique. Elle est, en outre, aujourd’hui encore, riche d’enseignement, tant au niveau théologique que canonique et même pratique. Elle pourrait même, sous certains aspects, être une source d’inspiration du Saint-Siège dans ses relations avec certains paysAs soon as he came to power, Bonaparte proposed to Pope Pius VII to re-establish Catholic worship in France, which was formalised by the Concordat of 1801. In exchange, he demanded, among other things, that all the bishops then recognised by Rome be removed from office and replaced by others appointed by him. Pius VII was in a quandary. He did not know whether he had the right to dismiss bishops. He decided to ask them to resign, but nearly half of them refused. The retention of these bishops in their seats would prevent the conclusion of the Concordat, which Pius VII considered a great good for the Church. It was with this good in mind that he came to believe that he had the authority to dismiss the non-resigning bishops. This work aims at establishing the history of this decision. Among other things, we used a lot of unpublished archives, the most important of which are published here in their entirety. The thesis seeks to explain how the Holy See succeeded, under the Restoration, in getting the entire episcopate to accept his decision. It details the issues at stake, by that time and after. Ultimately, this text supports the thesis that, even if Pius VII took an unprecedented decision, he acted in conformity with the whole canonical tradition. This decision can, moreover, still give theological, canonical and even practical lessons today. In some respects, it could even be a source of inspiration for the Holy See in its relations with certain countries
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Alaniz, Ferro Sandra Maria. "Caracterización y control de Cylindrocarpon SPP.agente causal del pie negro de la vid." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/2422.
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El pie negro de la vid está causado por las especies fúngicas Cylindrocarpon
liriodendri y C. macrodidymum. Estos patógenos afectan a las plantas de vid en
los viveros y en las plantaciones jóvenes, principalmente de menos de cinco años
de edad.
En esta Tesis se ha caracterizado una colección de 82 aislados de Cylindrocarpon
españoles, obtenidos de plantas de vid con síntomas de pie negro procedentes de
viveros y de viñedos jóvenes. Los aislados fueron identificados mediante el
estudio de las secuencias de las regiones BT1 del gen de la ß-tubulina e ITS del
ADN ribosómico; y el análisis estadístico multivariante de las variables
fenotípicas: morfología de las colonias, producción de conidios y crecimiento
miceliar a diferentes temperaturas. Así, 26 de los aislados correspondieron a la
especie C. liriodendri y 56 a C. macrodidymum.
Barbados enraizados del portainjerto cultivar R 110 se inocularon con aislados
representativos de C. liriodendri o C. macrodidymum. Todas las plantas
inoculadas desarrollaron los síntomas típicos del pie negro confirmando la
patogenicidad de ambas especies a vid.
La técnica de análisis "Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat" se utilizó para estudiar la
diversidad genética en C. liriodendri y C. macrodidymum. Los resultados
mostraron diversidad genética en ambos patógenos siendo ésta mucho mayor en
la especie C. macrodidymum. A su vez, los ensayos de patogenicidad efectuados
con aislados seleccionados de ambas especies en plántulas de semillas obtenidas
del cultivar Tempranillo, demostraron que C. macrodidymum presenta también
variabilidad en virulencia.
Todos los aislados de C. liriodendri y C. macrodidymum fueron caracterizados
para determinar la posible presencia de micovirus. Sin embargo, con el método
de extracción utilizado, que se basa en cromatografía en celulosa, no se detectó
ARN de doble cadena en ninguno de ellos.
Respecto al control, los ensayos efectuados in vitro demostraron que tanto los
tratamientos con fAlaniz Ferro, SM. (2008). Caracterización y control de Cylindrocarpon SPP.agente causal del pie negro de la vid [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2422
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Horaist, Bruno. "Envers Pie IX, la dévotion au pape et les catholiques français 1846-1878." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100077.
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Cette étude est issue d'un fonds d'archives du Vatican qui n'a jamais été exploite. Elle permet de réévaluer le portrait de pie ix dans son rapport quotidien avec les catholiques de France et le soutien qu'il reçut d'eux de 1846 à 1878 spécialement sous l'angle de la question romaine. Ces textes ou adresses sont manuscrits ou imprimes selon qu'ils aient été émis par des organes publics (journaux, semaines religieuses diocésaines) ou par des institutions (écoles, séminaires) voire même par des personnes individuelles. Leur portée est à la fois politique (louis Veuillot et l'univers) ou spirituelles (prières). Leur sens indique une histoire globale du catholicisme en un période d'antagonismes frontaux. On peut distinguer deux phases principales au sein de ce mouvement. Dans les années 1859-1862, les catholiques soutiennent avec beaucoup d'enthousiasme le pape pie ix qui par sa personnalité offre au monde l'image d'une église jeune, dynamique, enthousiaste en lançant notamment la mode des grands rassemblements romains. On retrouve une ampleur similaire dans le soutien au pape dans les années 1870-1871 qui correspondent à la fin du second empire et donc à la chute de Rome. Il s'agit alors d'un soutien panique à la papauté. Pie ix est considère comme la figure allégorique d'une église menacée. Au-delà de ce mouvement général, ces archives permettent de remettre en question la notion même d'ultramontanisme et conduisent à définir un ultramontanisme affectif qui peut prendre plusieurs accents : réserve, dévoue, imitateur, exalteThis study is based on archival sources in the Vatican which, until now, have never been used. They make it possible to reconsider the picture we have of Pius IX in his daily contacts with the catholics of France and the support they gave him durint the years 1846-1878, particularly as to the roman question. The texts or adresses are handwritten or printed, according to whether they were issued by public bodies (such as newspapers, or diocesan religious weeks) or by institutions (schools or seminaries) or by private individuals. Their range is both political (Louis Veuillot and the newspaper l'univers) or spiritual (prayers). They represent, in a sense, an inclusive history of catholicism during a period of direct antagonism. Two main stages may be discerned in this movement: during the period 1859-1862 the catholics gave very enthusiastic support to pape Pius IX who, by his personality, showed the world an image of a young, dynamic, eager church, particularly in launching the fashion for vast gatherings in Rome. A similar strength of support for the Pape was evident in the years 1870-1871, corresponding to the end of the second empire, and to the fall of Rome. It was then what might be termed 'panic' support of the papacy. Pius ix was considered as a sort of allegorical figure of the threatened church. Beyond this general movement, these Vatican records render it possible to call into question the whole idea of ultramontanism and might lead to a definition of an emotional ultramontanism showing various features: reserve, devotion, imitation, exaltation
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Dong, Ni. "Building control and automation via PID and WSN." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199344.
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Sim, Sokhom. "SSR Alleviation Via Analog and Digital PID Controller." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10263540.
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Power plants are generally far away from the distributing center. Transmission line is employed to transfer energy to a city. Transmission line is a complex system, so the transmission line’s overload is always a challenging problem for utilities protection engineers. As a result, a series compensating capacitor (SCC) is placed along the transmission line to make the power factor correction, and increase the load capability. However, adding the SCC to the transmission line increases the potential risk of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) at a low frequency oscillation, which may lead to a possible torsional interaction and damages the turbine generator shaft when the mechanical frequency falls below the electrical frequency of the grid. To study the SSR phenomenon, the mathematical model of the IEEE second benchmark (SBM) is utilized and computed at the system operating point, and then compensated with an analog proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller to the linearized and controllable transformed model of the system. The extended discrete PID controller is developed from an analog PID controller via bilinear transformation, which yields similar result. This extended discrete PID controller is a preferred method in preventing the SSR in the power system for its flexibility in updating parameters of the nonlinear system to tolerate variation in different operational conditions.
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Corsten, Angela. "Påven i spegellandet : påvens ämbetsutövning via pressen, undersökt med hjälp av ett historiskt exempel : Pius XII och Johannes XXIII i svenska och tyska tidningar 1958 /." Eslöv : Brutus Östlings bokförlag Symposion, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37067662g.
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Salamanca, Henry Leonardo López. "Análise, sintonia e experimentação de controladors PID via projetos GMV e GPC." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89937.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T04:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 246858.pdf: 1199044 bytes, checksum: d7e5c5f8dddcf97ea4b544ff7ec2d07f (MD5)
Apesar de todos os avanços na área de controle nos últimos anos, o controlador PID ainda é o controlador mais usado no controle de processos industriais. Pesquisas e desenvolvimentos na tecnologia PID estão focalizando esforços na busca de soluções que permitam obter não somente o melhor desempenho dos controladores, mas também encontrar implementações tecnológicas ou metodológicas na sintonia. O objetivo desta dissertação é proporcionar aos engenheiros e operários um melhor entendimento e maior familiarização das estratégias que vem sendo propostas para melhorar o desempenho de controladores PID. Adicionalmente, busca-se o desenvolvimento de softwares que permitam aproximar a academia do setor industrial, através da implementação e experimentação de algoritmos de controle e de técnicas de sintonia avançadas, em equipamentos utilizados para o controle de processos industriais. Duas técnicas de controle avançado são abordadas: GMV e GPC para a sintonia de controladores PID em diferentes configurações de malha. A avaliação dos controladores é feita através de indicadores de desempenho e análise da estabilidade robusta. Estuda-se a influência da variação dos parâmetros de projeto associados as técnicas de controle, na sintonia e no desempenho dos controladores PID. Os algoritmos de sintonia e de controle são desenvolvidos inicialmente em Matlab e posteriormente, implementados no controlador lógico programável CLP IndraControl L40 da Rexroth-Bosch, e validados experimentalmente para estudos de caso de dois processos lineares, implementados com modelos eletrônicos analógicos.
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Yuan, Dan. "Environmental exploration via computer vision techniques /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Eriksson, Kristoffer, and Niklas Ljung. "Indunstning vid etanolframställning." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10605.
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Syftet med examensprojektet var att märka upp rör och ventiler så att operatörerna lättare kunde identifiera dem. Samt lära sig jämföra en PID (Process and Instruments Diagram) med verkligheten och kunna förstå hur en indunstning fungerar. När vi kom till Lantmännen Agroetanol så fick man reda på några uppgifter som man skulle lösa. Som t.ex markera rör och ventiler. Men även göra massbalanser av vad som flödar in fysiskt samt även elektroniskt vad som händer i indunstning. Mot slutet av tiden på företaget så hade vi slutfört alla uppgifter vi fick vid dag ett. Rören och ventilerna vart märkta enligt reglerna som fanns. Tack vare tiden där har vi fått en inblick i hur en indunstning ser ut och fungerar samt hur man gör en massbalans.
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Santos, Hilton Seheris da Silva. "Sintonia online de controladores PID adaptativo-ótimo via redes neuronais artificiais." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1743.
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HiltonSantos.pdf: 3137200 bytes, checksum: a7b77b12eeb29959ab49e7ef675229d9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T19:13:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HiltonSantos.pdf: 3137200 bytes, checksum: a7b77b12eeb29959ab49e7ef675229d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-27
The emergence of new industrial plants with great complexity and the need to improve the operation of existing plants has fostered the development of high performance control systems, these systems must not only meet the design specifications, such as merit figures, but also operate at minimal cost and impacts at environment. Motivated by this demand, it is presented in this dissertation the development of methods for on-line tuning of control system parameters, ie, a methodology is presented for the on-line tuning of adaptive and optimal PID controllers via Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs). The approach developed in this dissertation is based on three PID controllers parameters. [Artificial neural networks with radial base functions and Model Predictive Control (MPC). From the union of these approaches a general formulation of an Adaptive-optimal PID controller via artificial neural networks with on-line tuning was presented. The on-line tuning methodology for the ANN parameters is presented in the context of MPC, predicting plant output. For the PID controller, we proposed a modification of the standard structure in order to adapt the error function. The adjustment of the PID controller parameters and the prediction of the optimally plant output, are performed by the ANN-RBF weights adjustments. In addition, an indoor implementation of the control system were proposed for the positioning of a photovoltaic panel. The performance evaluations of the proposed system were obtained from computational experiments results that were based on mathematical models and hardware experiments, that were obtained from a reduced model of a photovoltaic panel. Finally, a comparison between the proposed methodology with the classical PID controller were performed and the proposed methodology presented to be more flexible to the insertion of new performance metrics and the results achieved from the ANN, were better than the ones obtained by the classical PID tuning, such as: Ziegler-Nichols or trial and error.
O surgimento de novas plantas industriais com grande complexidade e a necessidade de melhorar a operação das plantas já existentes tem fomentado o desenvolvimento de sistemas de controle de alto desempenho, estes sistemas devem atender não só as especificações de projeto, tal como: figuras de mérito, mas também devem operar com um custo mínimo e sem causar impactos desastrosos para o meio ambiente. Motivados por esta demanda, apresenta-se nesta dissertação o desenvolvimento de métodos para sintonia online dos parâmetros dos sistemas de controle, ie, apresenta-se uma metodologia para a sintonia online de controladores PID adaptativo e ótimo via Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs). A abordagem desenvolvida nesta dissertação tem base as ações dos controladores PID de três termos, redes neurais artificiais com funções de base radial e Controle preditivo baseado em modelo (MPC - Model Predictive Control), a partir da união destas abordagens elabora-se a formulação geral do controlador PID Adaptativo-Ótimo via redes neurais artificiais, com sintonia online. A metodologia de ajuste online dos parâmetros da RNA está no contexto do MPC para predição de saída da planta. Para o caso do controlador PID, tem-se a modificação da estrutura padrão com o objetivo de adaptação em função do erro. O ajuste dos termos do controlador PID e da predição da saída na planta, de forma ótima, é realizada pelo ajustes dos pesos da RNA-RBF. Além disso, apresenta-se a implementação indoor do sistema de controle desenvolvido para o posicionamento de um painel fotovoltaico. As avaliações de desempenho do sistema proposto são obtidos de resultados de experimentos computacionais que são baseados em modelos matemáticos e experimentos em hardware que são obtidos de um modelo reduzido de um painel fotovoltaico. Por fim, comparando o PID clássico com o controlador desenvolvido constatou-se que este último apresenta mais flexibilidade para inserir novas métricas de desempenho e os resultados atingidos são melhores do que os parâmetros obtidos por meio da sintonia do PID clássica, tais como: métodos de Ziegler-Nichols ou tentativa e erro
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Snel, Daniel, and Stefan Mattsson. "Utveckling och analys av en PIC-mikrokontrollers möjligheter att kommunicera via TCP/IP." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Elektroteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2448.
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Sterners Specialfabrik AB tillverkar bland annat mynt- och biljettautomater. För att underlätta felsökning, underhåll, avläsning av statistik med mera på en automat är det lämpligt att detta utförs på en PC över Internet. Det innebär att automaten inte behöver besökas då dessa uppgifter skall utföras. Examensarbetet går ut på att få en PIC mikrokontroller att kommunicera med en användare vid en PC över internet. För detta krävs att en TCP/IP stack implementeras på PICmikrokontrollern. Arbetet ledde till en fungerande demoapplikation som klarar av att kommunicera över TCP/IP. Demoapplikationen innehåller diverse olika funktioner för att demonstrera hur en automat skulle kunna styras och övervakas.
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O'Bryan, Gregory J. "Preparation of telechelic polymers via nitroxide mediated polymerization /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Machado, Anthony Kévin. "Étude de l’implication des importines-ß dans l’infection et l’import nucléaire du VIH-1." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC182.
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Le VIH-1 fait partie d’une famille de virus, les Lentivirus, capables d’infecter des cellules quiescentes ou en fin de différenciation, telles les macrophages, les cellules dendritiques ou les lymphocytes T CD4+. Les Lentivirus ont développé des mécanismes de transport actif de leur génome à travers le pore nucléaire afin d’accéder au noyau indépendamment du cycle cellulaire. La translocation nucléocytoplasmique des macromolécules se fait physiologiquement par l’intermédiaire de karyophérines, notamment les importines-ß, qui reconnaissent un signal de localisation nucléaire et permettent ainsi le passage vers le noyau des macromolécules. De nombreux déterminants viraux ont été proposés comme la capside, l’intégrase ou encore la nucléocapside sans toutefois être démontrés catégoriquement. De l’autre côté, quelques importines ß ont été étudiées comme KPNB1, IPO7 et TNPO3 mais bien que celles-ci semblent avoir un rôle important ou favorisant le cycle viral, leur participation à l’import nucléaire stricto sensu n’a pas été prouvée. Nous avons donc décidé d’étudier l’implication des cinq importines ß cellulaires principales dans l’import nucléaire et l’infection du VIH-1, afin d’identifier si une de ces importines ß est responsable de l’entrée de l’ADN du VIH-1 dans le noyau de la cellule en cours d’infection. Notre étude a permis d’identifier pour la première fois le rôle de TNPO1 dans l’infection par le VIH-1 et plus précisément dans l’import nucléaire du VIH-1, en cellule HeLa. Nos expériences montrent un rôle de KPNB1 dans les étapes nucléaires de l’infection par le VIH-1 après le transfert de brin qui a lieu lors de l’intégration. Nos résultats suggèrent d’autre part qu’IPO5 interagit avec le VIH-1 et aurait un rôle restrictif sur son cycle réplicatif, possiblement en défavorisant son intégration au niveau de sites activement transcrits de la chromatine. Lors de nos expériences, nous n’avons jamais observé de modification des étapes précoces de l’infection virale lorsque l’expression d’IPO7 est réduite, suggérant que cette importine n’est pas utilisée par le VIH-1 afin d’infecter la cellule cible. Enfin, nos résultats ont confirmé la réduction des cercles à 2-LTR lorsque l’expression de TNPO3 est réduite, suggérant son implication dans l’import nucléaire du VIH-1As all lentiviruses, HIV-1 has the capacity to infect quiescent or non-dividing cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells. Lentiviruses evolved cell cycle independent mechanisms to import actively their genomes into the nuclear compartment to reach the cellular chromatin. Physiologically, translocation of macromolecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is mediated by specialized karyopherins called ß-importins which recognize nuclear localization signals born by the macromolecule to import. Many viral determinants have been involved like capsid, integrase or nucleocapsid but their role in HIV-1 nuclear import is still under investigation. Besides, few ß-importins have been studied in HIV-1 infection such as KPNB1, IPO7 and TNPO3. Although the literature suggest they have a role in HIV-1 infection, their involvement in HIV-1 translocation through the nuclear pore remains unclear. We decided to investigate the role of the main five ß-importins in HIV-1 infection, nuclear import and integration in order to identify whether or not one of them if responsible for HIV-1 PIC nuclear import. Our experiments show for the first time the involvement of TNPO1 in HIV-1 infection and more precisely during the nuclear import process in HeLa cells. We also demonstrate the role of KPNB1 in post-strand transfer steps of infection. Interestingly, our data suggest that IPO5 interacts with HIV-1 and would restrict HIV-1 infection possibly by unfavoring integration into actively transcribed sites of cellular chromatin. Our experiment were unable to show IPO7 involvement in HIV-1 infection using shRNA targeting this importin, suggesting that this protein has no role in early steps of HIV-1 infection. Finally, we confirm 2-LTR circles reduction, already observed in the literature, when TNPO3 expression is reduced and suggesting its role in HIV-1 nuclear import
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Hashii, Brant. "Policy-based protection against external programs via code transformation /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2004.Degree granted in Computer Science. Dissertation completed in 2003; degree granted in 2004. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
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Leblanc, David. "Les monocytes CCR7+ comme outil de transport des nanoantirétroviraux vers le système nerveux central." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6774.
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Actuellement, l'infection au virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) est considérée comme une infection chronique contrôlable à moyen et long terme. En effet, l'utilisation appropriée de combinaisons d'antirétroviraux ainsi qu'un suivi du développement de la résistance chez le virus peut diminuer la charge virale pendant des décennies et retarder l'apparition du syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise (SIDA). Cependant, certains de ces médicaments, et tout particulièrement les inhibiteurs de protéase du VIH-1 pénètrent difficilement dans certains organes pouvant servir de réservoirs viraux comme c'est le cas pour le cerveau. Cette limitation favorise la persistance du virus permettant la réapparition rapide d'une forte virémie si les traitements sont interrompus. La réplication du VIH-1 dans le cerveau favorise le développement de déficits cognitifs, comportementaux et moteurs à long terme chez les personnes qui en sont atteintes. L'objectif principal de ce mémoire est de vérifier la possibilité d'utiliser les monocytes comme outil de transport des antirétroviraux sous forme de nanoparticules vers le réservoir du VIH-1 dans le système nerveux central (SNC). Cet objectif est vérifié à l'aide d'une reconstitution de la barrière hématoencéphalique (BHE), où la migration des monocytes chargés de nanoantirétroviraux est évaluée avec une lignée cellulaire monocytoïde, soit les Mono-Mac-1 (MM-1).
Des particules de tailles nanométriques dans lesquelles la ritonavir est encapsulée (nanoRTV) ont été développées afin de faciliter leur chargement à l'intérieur des cellules. Des essais de cytotoxicité ont montré que la ritonavir encapsulée n'était pas plus toxique que la ritonavir seule. Par la suite, la capacité de chargement, de rétention ainsi que de relâchement de nanoRTV ont été mesurés dans le temps avec les cellules MM-1. Les résultats démontrent que les cellules MM-1 sont tout à fait capables de stocker des quantités importantes de ritonavir et de garder près de 40 % de la quantité initialement chargée sur une période de sept jours.
Les essais de migration à travers la BHE reconstituée indiquent que les MM-1 chargées avec la nanoRTV perdent plus de la moitié de leur capacité de migration à travers la BHE en présence de chimiokines. Cependant, la pré-stimulation des cellules à la PGE[indice inférieur 2] avant le chargement des nanoRTV semble rétablir la capacité de la migration à travers cette barrière.
Cette étude est complémentaire à d'autres travaux de recherche visant l'utilisation de cellules comme outil de transport pour la livraison de médicaments à des sites anatomiques ciblés. De plus, nos résultats suggèrent que les monocytes pourraient être des acteurs importants dans ce type de thérapie, étant des cellules avec une forte capacité de migration à travers la BHE.
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Covington, Matthew D. "The production and evolution of scaling laws via galaxy merging /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Chu, I.-Wen Mike. "Cosmological parameter constraints via Gibbs sampling and the Blackwell-Rao estimator /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Kelly, Patrick A. "C₁ symmetric ansa-metallocenes via a novel 2-(Phenylsulfonyl)indane route /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Owens, Casey. "Le licencement d'avril 1919 à la Mond Nickel : drame ou simple épisode de la vie ouvrière?" Acfas-Sudbury, 2005. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/67.
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Pinto, Veas Gabriel Francisco. "Evaluación in vitro de antagonistas sobre cepas seleccionadas de Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum Halleen, Schroers & Crous, agente causal de la enfermedad del pie negro de la vid (Vitis vinifera L.)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148277.
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Memoria para optar al título profesional de: Ingeniero Agrónomo, mención Sanidad VegetalCylindrocarpon macrodidymum es uno de los fitopatógenos causantes de la enfermedad del pie negro en la vid. La reducción del cuidado sanitario, los cambios en los manejos culturales y la baja efectividad de algunos fungicidas químicos, ha obligado a buscar nuevas alternativas de control que no estén limitadas por las condiciones ambientales, ecológicas y económicas, abriendo una ventana para técnicas alternativas de control, tales como el control biológico. En el presente trabajo, se evaluó el efecto biocontrolador in vitro de 12 cepas fúngicas antagonistas y 9 cepas bacterianas antagonistas, sumado a dos productos comerciales, sobre tres cepas seleccionadas de Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum aisladas de los valles de Copiapó y Huasco. Estas fueron caracterizadas en función de su pH y temperatura óptima de crecimiento, determinando que el pH óptimo de crecimiento se encontraba entre 5,7 y 7,7, mientras que la temperatura óptima fue 25ºC. Estos valores se utilizaron para las evaluaciones realizadas. Para cada combinación antagonista-fitopatógeno, se realizaron ensayos de antagonismo directo, mediante cultivos duales y de metabolitos difusibles de los biocontroladores sobre las tres cepas de C. macrodidymum. Todos los antagonistas fungosos y bacterianos utilizados, ejercieron algún grado de inhibición del crecimiento radial de las cepas de C. macrodidymum evaluadas, tanto en los ensayos de antagonismo directo como en los de metabolitos difusibles. La cepa Trichoderma 84a, fue aquella que obtuvo un mayor porcentaje de ICR promedio en los ensayos de antagonismo directo con hongos (81.5%), mientras que el producto comercial en base a Streptomyces lydicus WYEC108, fue aquel que obtuvo el mayor porcentaje de ICR promedio en los ensayos de antagonismo directo con bacterias (96.1%). En los ensayos de metabolitos difusibles, no existieron diferencias en los porcentajes de ICR para ninguno de los antagonistas fungosos evaluados, mientras que en los ensayos de metabolitos difusibles con bacterias, nuevamente el producto comercial en base a Streptomyces lydicus WYEC108, fue el que obtuvo un mayor porcentaje de ICR promedio (100%).
Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum is a phytopathogen fungi that has been associated with black foot disease of grape vines in Chile. Lack of sanitary measures, changes of cultural methods and low agrochemical efficacy, are forcing to seek out for new control alternatives that are not limited by enviromental, ecological or economic conditions, thus leading to new ways of fungi disease management, such as biological control. The in vitro biocontrol efficacy of 12 antagonic fungi strains, 9 antagonic bacterial strains and two commercial biological control products were tested against three previously selected C. macrodidymum strains. These strains, isolated from Copiapó and Huasco valleys, were characterised by their optimal growth pH and temperature, establishing their optimal growth pH between 5,7 and 7,7 and their optimal growth temperatura at 25ºC. These values were used for the antagonistic trials. For each antagonist-pathogenic variant, antagonistic capacity of each antagonist was tested on dual cultures and diffusible metabolite efficacy trials against the pathogenic strains. Commercial biological control products, bacterial strains and fungi strains were all capable of inhnibiting the radial growth of the three C. macrodidymum strains. In dual culture trials, Trichoderma 84a strain had the highest average inhibitory effect (81.5%). Commercial biocontrol product, based on Streptomyces lydicus WYEC108 bacterial strain, had the highest inhibitory control in bacterial trials (96.1%). No significant differences were shown in the fungi trials for diffusible metabolites efficacy. Commercial biocontrol product, based on Streptomyces lydicus WYEC108 had the highest inhibitory effect in diffusible metabolite trials (100%).
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Svensson, Johan, and Jonathan Thorup. "Minskning av produkter i arbete vid monteringsområde." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36468.
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I fordonsindustrin är det högt fokus på lönsamhet och att ständigt förnya sin produktflora. Företagen jobbar ständigt med att göra sina processer effektivare och nå en högre produktivitet. Som underleverantör till bilindustrin är detta något man ständigt jobbar med. Trycket från kunder som vill ha billigare produkter gör att Kongsberg Automotive AB behöver jobba med sina processer för att behålla sina kunder och för att förbli lönsamma. Kongsberg Automotive AB har ett monteringsområde som inte uppfyller den standard som krävs. Genom att sänka PIA-nivån (produkter i arbete) minskas materialet inom området. Detta ska åstadkommas genom att effektivisera materialhanteringen. Målet med studien blev då att identifiera de aktiviteter som bidrar till att man får en hög PIA-nivå och därmed får onödig materialhantering. När dessa aktiviteter hade identifierats skulle de reduceras eller elimineras helt för att öka effektiviteten i materialhanteringen och även öka produktiviteten i monteringsområdet. För att identifiera hur stor del av en arbetsdag som försvinner på grund utav ineffektiv materialhantering, gjordes en frekvensstudie. Frekvensstudien identifierade alla aktiviteter som var icke-värdeskapande och deras andel av det totala arbetet. Några av de aktiviteter som var av icke-värdeskapande karaktär kunde kopplas till problemet PIA. Till dessa aktiviteter formades åtgärdsförslag. En VSM (värdeflödesanalys) utfördes för att få en större bild över alla produkter som ingår i monteringsområdet och denna analys gav underlag till hur åtgärdsförslagen utformades. Resultatet av frekvensstudien visade på att 19,5% av aktiviteterna i monteringsområdet hamnade under kategorin, icke-värdeskapande. Grundorsakerna till varför denna kategori var 19,5% av den totala arbetsdagen analyserades fram. Tre åtgärdsförslag utformades för att reducera de icke-värdeskapande aktiviteterna och effektivisera materialhanteringen. Dessa tre åtgärdsförslag var kittning av produkterna, kittning av emballaget, samt att lägga till de småkomponenter som redan borde tillhöra line feedingen.In the automotive industry there is a high focus on profitability and to constantly renew its product range. Companies are constantly working to make their processes more effective and achieve higher productivity. As a subcontractor to the automotive industry, this is something that you continuously work with. The pressure from customers who want cheaper products means that Kongsberg Automotive AB will need to work with its processes to keep its customers and to remain profitable. Kongsberg Automotive AB has an assembly area that does not meet the required standard. By lowering the WIP (work in progress) level, the material is reduced in the area. This should be achieved by making the material handling more effective. The aim of the study was to identify the activities that contribute to a high WIP level and unnecessary material handling. Once identified, these activities would be reduced or eliminated entirely to increase the efficiency of the material handling and also to increase the productivity in the assembly area. In order to identify how much of a workday that disappears due to inefficient material handling, a frequency study was made. The frequency study identified all non-value added activities and their share of the total work. Some of the activities that were of non-value added nature could be linked to the problem WIP. For these activities action proposals were formed. A VSM (value stream map) was conducted to get the bigger picture of all products included in the assembly area, and this analysis provided a basis for the action proposals. The result of the frequency study showed that 19,5% of the activities in the assembly area fell under the category of non-value added activities. The root cause of why this category was 19,5% of the total working day was analyzed. Three action proposals were designed to reduce non-value added activities and to make the material handling more efficient. These three action proposals were kitting of the products, kitting of the packaging, and also to add the small components to the line feeding, that should already have belonged there.
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Ashraf, Ali Junaid. "DC Motor Speed Control via Fuzzy / Pole Placement / PI Controller." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Elektroteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5514.
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This report presents a new way of control engineering. Dc motor speed controlled by three controllers PID, pole placement and Fuzzy controller and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each controller for different conditions under loaded and unloaded scenarios using software Matlab. The brushless series wound Dc motor is very popular in industrial application and control systems because of the high torque density, high efficiency and small size. First suitable equations are developed for DC motor. PID controller is developed and tuned in order to get faster step response. The simulation results of PID controller provide very good results and the controller is further tuned in order to decrease its overshoot error which is common in PID controllers. Further it is purposed that in industrial environment these controllers are better than others controllers as PID controllers are easy to tuned and cheap. Pole placement controller is the best example of control engineering. An addition of integrator reduced the noise disturbances in pole placement controller and this makes it a good choice for industrial applications. The fuzzy controller is introduce with a DC chopper to make the DC motor speed control smooth and almost no steady state error is observed. Another advantage is achieved in fuzzy controller that the simulations of three different controllers are compared and concluded from the results that Fuzzy controller outperforms to PID controller in terms of steady state error and smooth step response. While Pole placement controller have no comparison in terms of controls because designer can change the step response according to nature of control systems, so this controller provide wide range of control over a system. Poles location change the step response in a sense that if poles are near to origin then step response of motor is fast. Finally a GUI of these three controllers are developed which allow the user to select any controller and change its parameters according to the situation.
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Shen, Xiaoying. "Infection of newborn kittens with a feline immunodeficiency virus vif-deletion mutant /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Johansson, Simon. "Reglering av drönare vid viktbelastning." Thesis, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68498.
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I detta arbeta gjordes en undersökning om hur en drönare kan regleras vid olika viktbelastningar. Först gjordes en teoretisk undersökning av fyra olika reglermetoder, två modellbaserade och två icke-modellbaserade metoder. De två modellbaserade var linjär kvadratisk reglering och modell prediktiv kontroll. De två icke-modellbaserade var kaskad kontroll och PID regulator. Av alla metoderna valdes det att användas en PID regulator för regleringen. För att ställa in PID testades tre olika metoder, Ziegler-Nichols, lambda och AMIGO metoden. Alla dessa tre använde stegsvaret för systemet för att beräkna parametrarna till PID. Detta resulterade i flera olika parameterval för systemet. Parametervalen testades på drönaren och AMIGO metoden gav de bästa resultaten. De olika lasterna som testades var 4.7, 6.1 och 10.8 gram. AMIGO metoden kunde användas för att reglera drönaren upp till 6.1 gram därefter blev drönarens beteende allt för olinjärt. Sammanfattningsvis går det att använda en PID som ställs in med AMIGO metoden från stegsvaret för att reglera en drönare med mindre laster upp till ungefär sex gram.This project tested how a drone can be controlled when loads are applied to it. First four different control methods were analyzed, two model based and two non-model based. The two model based were linear quadratic regulator and model predictive control. The two non-model based were cascade control and PID regulator. The PID regulator were chosen and three different methods to tune the PID was tested. Ziegler-Nichols, lambda and AMIGO method, all used the step response from the system to determine the parameters. These different methods gave different setup of parameters and the best result came from the AMIGO method. The different loads that were applied to the system was 4.7, 6.1 and 10.8 gram. The AMIGO method were able to tune the PID up to 6.1 grams, then the system lost to much of its linear behavior. To summarize the work a PID tuned by the AMIGO method using the step response were able to control a drone with a load up to about six grams.
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Zhang, Bo Zhi. "Reducing Nutrient Excretion via Improved Nutrient Utilization by Supplementing Pig and Poultry Diets with Phytase Enzyme." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26245.
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This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of phytase for improving the nutrient utilization for pigs and poultry. Two experiments, one with broilers and one with pigs, were conducted to compare the efficiency of transgenic microbial (Natuphosà ) and plant (Phytaseedà ) phytase for enhancing the utilization of phytate P in corn-soybean diets fed to young broilers and pigs, and to evaluate the safety of Phytaseedà phytase. Three levels of the two sources of phytase (250, 500 and 2,500 U/kg of diet) were added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 0.21 and 0.26% nonphytate P, respectively, for broilers and pigs. Forty birds and thirty pigs (8 broilers and 6 pigs, one per cage, from the diet without added phytase and the diets with 500 or 2,500 U/kg phytase from both sources) were randomly selected for gross necropsy and histologic evaluation of liver, kidney and bone tissues. Adding both sources of phytase to the basal diet resulted in similar increases of BW, BW gain, feed intake, gain:feed, apparent digestibilities (retention) of DM, P and Ca, and bone measurements. Phosphorus excretion decreased as phytase addition increased. No significant abnormalities were seen in any of the broilers and pigs necropsied.
In a study with pigs (n=120 and 80, respectively for grower and finisher), the effects of supplemental microbial phytase on crude protein and amino acid utilization of low protein plant-based diets was investigated. During the grower period (32 to 67 kg), diets 1, 2 and 3 contained 14, 13 and 12% crude protein and no added phytase, respectively, and diets 4 and 5 contained 12% crude protein with either 250 or 500 U of phytase/kg of diet, respectively. During the finisher period (67 to 109 kg), diets 1, 2 and 3 contained 12, 11 and 10% crude protein with no added phytase, respectively, and diets 4 and 5 contained 10% crude protein with either 250 or 500 U of phytase/kg of diet, respectively. At the end of grower phase, two pigs (1 barrow and 1 gilt) were removed from each pen; 12 of the barrows that were removed from diets 1, 3 and 5 were put in metabolism cages for total collection, and the remaining four pigs in each pen continued on test for the finisher phase. At the end of finisher phase, 12 barrows from diet 1, 3, and 5 were put in metabolism cages for total collection. Ileal contents were taken (slaughter technique) from the remaining barrows and the barrows used in metabolism cages. Daily gain increased as protein and phytase levels was added to the lowest protein level. Fecal P and Ca digestibilities improved with added phytase. Phytase addition to basal diet linearly increased ash weight in the grower phase. With the exception of proline and glycine, the digestibilities of the other amino acids were linearly increased with phytase and CP level. Nitrogen excretion was estimated to be reduced by 4.6% when phytase was added to pig diets at a level of 500 U/kg.
In a study with cecectomized roosters, the main effects and interaction of phytase and non-startch polysaccharide enzymes on the nutrient utilization of barley, canola meal, rice bran and soybean meal, and canola-barley (36:64) and soybean meal-barley (27.3:72.7) were evaluated. Phytase supplementation to basal diets increased the utilization of energy, N, total amino acid and most of amino acids in barley, canola meal, and canola-barley and numerically increased energy and N utilization in rice brain, soybean meal and soybean-barley. The magnitudes of improvements in the digestibilities of lysine, arginine, cysteine, serine, and threonine were higher compared with the other amino acids. The true utilization of energy and N, and the digestibilities of total amino acid and of glycine, isoleucine, and histidine in barley quadratically increased with Ronozyme™ B. Phytase addition increased Ca retention in barley, canola and soybean meal, and the soybean meal-barley blend, and increased P retention in barley and soybean meal-barley. Addition of Ronozyme™ B to barley linearly decreased Ca retention and quadratically increased P retention.
In summary, the efficiency of phytase in Phytaseed is equal to that of Natuphos for enhancing the utilization of phytate P in corn-soybean diets, and microbial phytase is effective in improving the utilization of N and amino acid in pigs and N, amino acid, and energy in poultry.Ph. D.
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Wang, Yuhong. "Functionalizing ultrafine fibers via di-functional reagents and their applications in enzyme immobilization /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Ozkan, Basar. "Virtual sensors with application to vehicle systems : estimation via the controller output observer /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Souza, Kellen Ketty de. "Irinotecano ativa a via PI3-quinase/AKT/mTOR em linhagem de adenocarcinoma de colon." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309953.
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Orientador: Jose Barreto Campello CarvalheiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T01:08:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_KellenKettyde_M.pdf: 1724833 bytes, checksum: 44f766e2043af515b2f3f9462dc5c5e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A resistência dos tumores aos quimioterápicos é um problema clínico comum. Recentemente, foi demonstrado que o bloqueio. da via de sinalização da PI3-quinase aumenta a apoptose induzida pelo SN-38, um metabólito ativo do irinotecano. Entretanto, os mecanismos moleculares destas mudanças ainda não são esclarecidos. Para investigar os eventos moleculares envolvidos no aumento da sinalização na via da PI3-quinase associada ao irinotecano, aspirina e rapamicina foram utilizadas para modular esta via de sinalização. Nós observamos que a aspirina é capaz de inibir a fosforilação do IRS-l, através de seus alvos JNK e IKK, e aumentar o crescimento dos tumores em camundongos Scid previamente injetados com linhagem de adenocarcinoma de cólon (HT29). Adicionalmente, demonstramos que o bloqueio da mTOR reduz a proliferação celular induzida pelo irinotecano. Assim, a ativação da via PI3-quinase/ Akt/mTOR pode contribuir para a quimiorresistência induzi da pelo irinoteco
Abstract: Resistance of tumors to chemotherapeutic agents is a common clinical problem in human cancer. Recently, the blocking of PI3-kinase signaling pathway was shown to enhance apoptosis induced by SN-38, an active form of irinotecan. To gain further insight into the molecular events of irinotecan-associated increase in PI3-kinase signaling pathway, aspirin and rapamycin were used to modulate this signaling pathway. We describe here that aspirin is able to further inhibit IRS-l serine phosphorylation induced by irinotecan through targeting JNK and IKK, thus agonist activation of IRS-l/PI3-kinase pathway blocked the growth-inhibitory effect of irinotecan in HT -29 colon cancer xenografts; our data also demonstrate a synergistic effect of mTOR inhibition and irinotecan on tumor growth. Activation of PI3-kinase/ Akt/mTOR pathway may thus contribute to refTactoriness to treatment with irinotecan
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica
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Abdallah, Yasser Mahmud. "Sintonia de controlador PID via procedimento adaptativo para controle de atitude de veículos lançadores." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2004. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/jeferson/2004/04.22.15.55.
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Este trabalho descreve um procedimento para sintonizar controladores PID. A idéia principal é utilizar um método baseado em sistemas adaptativos por modelo de referência para estimar os parâmetros do controlador PID. Para avaliar este método será utilizado o controle de atitude de veículos lançadores. A intenção é buscar um melhor desempenho do que obtido com os métodos convencionais já utilizados: métodos analítico e linear quadrático. O veículo lançador é considerado um corpo rígido de terceira ordem. Como o modelo de referência do sistema é especificado de acordo com os requisitos de projeto que são considerados como um sistema de segunda ordem e o sistema em malha fechada do controle de atitude PID do veículo lançador é de quarta ordem com dois zeros, não há "matching" entre o modelo de referência e o sistema de controle. A lei de adaptação proposta para o problema é composta por um termo integral e um proporcional. Como controladores PID são muitos difundidos, o método deste trabalho pode ser utilizado em problemas semelhantes em áreas da indústria aeroespacial, controle de processos, robótica, entre outras aplicações industriais.This work describes a procedure for tuning PID controllers. The key idea is to use a method based on a model reference adaptive system to estimate PID control parameters. To evaluate this method it will be used an attitude control system of a launch vehicle. The intention is to achieve better performance than classical methods, analytic method and LQ method. Since the performance specification is considered as a second order system and the close loop of the launch vehicle PID attitude control system has fourth order with two zeros, there is no matching between the reference model and the launch vehicle control system. The proposed adaptive law uses a proportional and integral terms. Since PID controllers are largely used in the industries, the method proposed in this work can be used in similar problems in aerospace industry, process control, robotic, among other industrial application.
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Kadic, Safet, Alen Kazazic, and Florim Mustafa. "Exempel på användning av LabVIEW vid : mätning, reglering och signalbehandling." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-636.
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Arbetet handlar om hur man med hjälp av LabVIEW 8.0 kan lösa olika uppgifter. Uppgifterna löses med hjälp av ett DAQ-kort. DAQ-kortet gör det möjligt att mata in signaler, som sedan behandlas efter behov i programmet och därefter skickas ut genom DAQ- kortet till olika komponenter som man vill styra. DAQ-kortet klarar att behandla både analoga och digitala signaler. LabVIEW 8.0 och dess historia, DAQ-kortet samt de olika processerna/uppgifter beskrivs mer utförligt i arbetet.
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Singh, Rajeev. "Experimental characterization of thin film thermoelectric materials and film deposition via molecular beam epitaxy /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Bonnemaison, Fleur. "Au pied des "sommets" : modes d'engagement et rapports au métier des accompagnateurs et accompagnatrices en moyenne montagne." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30043.
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Cette thèse étudie un groupe professionnel méconnu et qui peine à se faire reconnaître : les accompagnateurs en moyenne montagne. L'analyse de la construction historique du champ des métiers de montagne dans une première partie permet de mieux saisir son fonctionnement, les luttes qui l'animent et les conséquences sur les agents qui le constituent. Positionné à l'ombre des guides de haute montagne, le métier d'accompagnateur se situe dans une position peu valorisée. Métier précaire et saisonnier, il se situe par ailleurs également " aux marges du travail ". À partir d'une enquête mobilisant conjointement un questionnaire (n=471) et des entretiens (n=32), la thèse s'intéresse aux caractéristiques sociales et aux trajectoires des individus qui investissent ce métier particulier, et analyse leurs rapports au travail et leur mode de vie. Une seconde partie porte sur les dispositions à l'engagement dans un métier marqué par la précarité, mais qui offre également une certaine qualité de vie. Elle compare les trajectoires des hommes et des femmes afin de mieux saisir pourquoi ce métier peu valorisé dans le champ des métiers de montagne reste largement masculinisé. Enfin, la troisième et dernière partie se centre sur les rapports au métier des enquêtés. Le métier se caractérise par une multitude de modalités d'exercice, différemment investies en fonction de l'appétence et des compétences des accompagnateurs pour la commercialisation de leur offre. Les accompagnateurs, qui s'inscrivent majoritairement dans un style de vie alternatif, emploient différentes stratégies afin de vivre d'une activité marquée par des difficultés économiques. Dans cette situation, si les modalités d'exercice du métier ne différencient pas fondamentalement les femmes des hommes, les modes d'articulation entre sphères professionnelle et domestique révèlent la permanence des rapports sociaux de sexeThis thesis studies an underestimated professional group that finds it hard to be recognized, the mountain hiking guides. In the first part, the analysis of the historical construction of the mountain jobs field enables one to understand its functioning better, together with the inner conflicts that prompt it and the consequences on the agents that constitute it. In the shade of the mountain guides, the hiking guide job occupies a position of minor standing. Precariousand seasonal, the job is also held " in the margins of the work ". From a survey combining jointly a questionnaire (n=471) with a number of interviews (n=32), the thesis takes a keen interest in the social characteristics and in the trajectories of the persons who choose this particular job, thus analysing their relations to the work as well as their way of life. The second part deals with the dispositions to the commitment in a job largely acknowledged as precaious but that also offers a kind of quality of life. It compares the trajectories of men and women in order to get to know why this undervalued job in the mountain jobs field remains largely masculinized. Finally, the third and last part focuses on the interviewees' relations to the job. This job is characterized by a great number of modalities of exercise, but differently invested according to the hiking guides' taste and abilities concerning the marketing of their offers. A great majority of the hiking guides undertaking an alternate way of life, they use different strategies so as to be able to earn their living thanks to a professional activity marked by economical difficulties. In this situation, if the modalities of exercise of the job don't permit to differentiate women from men radically, the modes of articulation between the professional and the domestic spheres reveal the permanency of the social relationships of sexes
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Häll, Sebastian, and Jani Körkkö. "Reducering av PIA och ledtider via VFA med upprätthållen leveranssäkerhet: en SME fallstudie inom tillverkningsindustrin." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43723.
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Bakgrund: Små-medelstora-företag (SME) har en viktig roll i dagens samhälle. SMEs står idag för en stor del av arbetsgivarsegmentet samt för en stor del av den ekonomiska utveckling som sker i Europa. Inom tillverkningsindustrin är en av utmaningarna att säkerställa robusta processer med hög kvalitet. För SMEs innebär det kontinuerlig uppföljning av de interna samt externa processerna för att hela tiden försäkra sig om att verksamheten följer uppsatta ramar, vilket generellt kan vara svårt eftersom tillgängliga resurser är begränsade. Andra utmaningar som tillverkande företag står inför är långa ledtider, högt antal produkter i arbete (PIA), lagerbildningar mellan processer och kassationer. En av de viktigaste egenskaperna för tillverkande SMEs konkurranskraftighet är företagets förmåga att leverera i tid. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka leveranssäkerheten i ett SME inom tillverkningsindustrin, med tillhörande frågeställning: Hur kan Lean-verktyg appliceras för att minimera PIA och ledtider samt bibehålla hög leveranssäkerhet? Ansats: För att undersöka leveranssäkerheten i ett SME inom tillverkningsindustrin valdes ett företag med flera produktionsanläggningar och globala kunder med höga krav att leverera i tid till kunden. Värdeflödesanalys (VFA) tillämpades för att utforska hur produktionssystemet i företaget presterade, ge insikt till hur företaget arbetar med leveranssäkerhet och om leveranssäkerheten kan ökas genom implementering av identifierade förbättringsmöjligheter. Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes för att samla data om hur fallföretaget och dess personal arbetar och säkerhetsställer att produkter levereras i tid. För produktions- och leveransrelaterad data utfördes observationer på en av fallföretagets produktionsanläggningar för en högvolymprodukt. Insamlad data från observationer, dokumentation och intervjuer bearbetades med Lean-verktyg och metoder och jämfördes sedan mot den teoretiska referensramen genom mönsterpassning som analysmetod för att uppnå studiens syfte och ge svar på studiens frågeställning. Resultat: Genom att analysera fallföretagets produktionssystem har faktorer som kan påverka leveranssäkerheten undersökts med hjälp av VFA och förbättringsområden identifierats. Ett teoretiskt förslag har tagits fram där en balansering av befintligt produktionssystem utförts. I förslaget har både ledtider och PIA reducerats. Genom implementering av det teoretiska förslaget kan fallföretaget uppnå en reducering av PIA och ledtider samt bibehålla sin höga leveranssäkerhet. Vidare skapar det teoretiska förslaget möjligheter för fallföretaget att ha en flexiblare produktion eftersom överskottskapacitet finns i produktionssystemet för produktion av andra produkter. Originalitet/värde: Studien ger insikt i hur ett SME företag i tillverkningsindustrin arbetar med leveranssäkerhet och hur högre leveranssäkerhet kan erhållas genom applicering av Lean-verktyg.
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Alder, Nathan Nichole. "Analysis of the energetics and kinetics of protein transport via the [delta]pH-dependent / cpTat pathway in thylakoids /." Connect to Digital dissertations. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Rizzi, Sabina. "L'anestesia generale causa degenerazione apoptotica nel cervello in via di sviluppo di Guinea pig e piglet." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426730.
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Frequent exposure of the immature brain to general anesthesia is common. The safety of this practice has recently been challenged in view of the evidence that general anesthetics could be damaging to the developing mammalian neurons. The initial reports were done in immature rats which raised the criticism regarding possibly unique vulnerability of those species, the correlation between the duration of brain development and the duration of anesthesia necessary to activate apoptosis and the importance of maintaining adequate nutritional/cardio-pulmonary homeostasis during anesthesia. Therefore we studied guinea pig whose brain growth is five-times longer than in rats and is completely prenatal phenomenon allowing anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity studies of fetal brain to be performed via anesthetizing pregnant mothers which, due to their size, we made invasive monitoring of maternal (and indirectly fetal) well-being technically feasible. Despite adequate maintenance of maternal homeostasis a single short maternal exposure (4hrs) to general anesthetic isoflurane, alone or with nitrous oxide and/or midazolam at peak of fetal synaptogenesis, induced severe neuroapoptosis in the fetal guinea pig brain which resulted in permanent loss of many neurons in vulnerable brain regions as detected in early post-natal life suggesting that anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis can cause permanent brain damage.
We started to study also piglets whose brain growth is ten-times longer than in rats and is a prenatal and postnatal phenomenon. We anesthetized piglets 5-10 days-old, due to their large size we made invasive monitoring of their nutritional/cardio-pulmonary parameters. Despite adequate maintenance of piglet homeostasis, the preliminary data show that a single short exposure (4 hrs) to general anesthesia at the peak of synaptogenesis induced severe neuroapoptosis in newborn piglet. The anesthesia-induced developmental neuroapoptosis observed in the immature piglet brain mimics anesthesia-induced developmental neuroapoptosis observed in the immature rats and guinea pig brain.
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Hutchison, Jacqui. "The spontaneous formation of stereotypes via cumulative cultural evolution." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227214.
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Cultural stereotypes highly influence people's cognition and behaviour and while a great deal is known about when they are used and why, relatively little is known about how they form and evolve over time. Recently, utilising linear diffusion chains, researchers in linguistics have demonstrated that novel languages can unintentionally form and evolve via cumulative cultural evolution. We examined whether novel stereotypes might also spontaneously form and evolve in a similar manner. As information about novel social targets and their attributes was passed down a chain the information became simplified and categorically structured. Over time novel stereotypes emerged that not only made information increasingly learnable but allowed people to make inferences about previously unseen social targets (Chapter 2). In Chapter 3 we examined whether convergent stereotypes emerged when each chain was initialised with the same information. In response to findings from Chapters 2 and 3 we examined whether the category colour was more perceptually salient in categorisation than shape or movement (Chapter 4). Cognitive load was reduced in Chapter 5 to examine how this impacted stereotype formation. We subsequently examined whether stereotypes formed in a similar manner for non-social information (Chapter 6) and the impact of social identity on stereotype formation (Chapter 7). Chapter 8 looked at how the presence of existing social category information (i.e., sex) influenced the formation of stereotypes and concluded with a cross-experimental analysis in Chapter 9. We suggest that stereotype formation is a consequence of the shared cognitive limitations and biases of individuals in the chains that are exposed via cultural transmission. We believe that stereotype formation is both the unintentional and seemingly inevitable consequence of how people store, recall and share information.
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Caldiéri, Marcos Rogério. "Implementação do modbus para aplicações de sistemas de controle via rede sem fio /." Bauru, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146695.
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Orientador: Eduardo Paciência GodoyBanca: Paulo José Amaral Serni
Banca: Maria Luiz Tronco
Resumo: A recente introdução de transmissores sem fio na indústria provocou um novo interesse em técnicas de medição e controle, porém a maioria das aplicações está restrita a medições de variáveis de processo em malha aberta ou aplicações de monitoramento. O motivo é a falta de confiabilidade devido aos problemas inerentes ao meio de transmissão, que pode ser a perda de pacotes de informação, atrasos de comunicação variantes no tempo, atualização muito lenta e não periódica da medição e vários tipos de interferências. A maior parte dos controladores industriais em controle de processos assumem que o ciclo de controle é executado de forma periódica e que uma nova medição está disponível para ser usada em intervalos de tempo conhecidos. No entanto esta situação não pode ser garantida quando sensores ou transmissores sem fio são usados em aplicações de controle em malha fechada, denominadas de Sistemas de Controle via Redes sem fio (WNCS - Wireless Networked Control Systems). Nesses tipos de aplicações, os transmissores sem fio devem transmitir novas medições de forma não periódica e somente se a medição da variável do processo tiver alterado significativamente. Para tornar esta tecnologia de WNCS mais confiável, muitas técnicas de controle têm sido pesquisadas, entre elas o PIDPlus que representa uma modificação do algoritmo PID para controle via rede sem fio. Este trabalho apresenta a implementação do protocolo Modbus para aplicações de WNCS. O protocolo Modbus TCP foi embarcado em h... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The recent introduction of wirelless transmitters in the industry has driven a new interest in measuring and control techniques, but most applications are restricted to measurements of process variables in open loop or monitoring applications. The reason in the lack of reliability due to problems inherent to the transmition medium, which may be the packet loss, tie varying delay, slow and aperiodic measurement updates and interference. Most industrial process controllers assume that the control cycle is performed periodically and that a new measurement is available to be used at known time intervals. However is cannot be guaranteed when wireless sensors or transmitters are used in closed loop controle applications, called Wireless Networket Control Systems (WNCS). In these type of applications, wirelless transmitters shall new measurments not periodically and only if the process variable measurments has changed significantly. In order to enable and make this WNCS technology reliable, many control techniques have been researched including the PIDPlus that is a modified PID algorithm for wireless control. This paper presents the implementation of the Mobdus protocol for WNCS applications. The Modbus TCP was embedded in dedicated hardware enabling the transmisstion of data via Ethernet TCP/IP and Wi-Fi. A comparison and evaluation of PID controllers for WNCS were done considering situations of variable sampling and communication delays and packet losses. The results are analyzed from the point of view of control performance and robustness. Experimental results in a pilot plant prove the efficiency of the implementation of a wireless control loop using a Wi-Fi network embledded Modbus protocol and PIDPlus controller
Mestre
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Nelson, Peter. "Pålarna i Alvastra : En analys av möjliga använda huggverktyg vid byggandet av Alvastra pålbyggnad." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88216.
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This paper deals with the question of with witch tools the Alvastra pile dwelling was built. To reach a result I calculate the curvature on 29 stone axes, 8 double-edged axes and 21 simple-edged axes, used in the middle-neolithic in what today is Sweden. These results are then compared with two jams (the point in the pole where the axes edged stopped and left a mark) on two piles from Alvastra pile dwelling.
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Sapsford, Wayne. "The effects of recombinant activated factor VII and hypotensive resuscitation on mortality and blood loss in a model of uncontrolled haemorrhage in the anaesthetised pig." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490136.
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Introduction: Haemorrhage is the leading cause of death from battlefield trauma and the second leading cause of death after civilian trauma. Blood loss causes 80% of all early trauma deaths. Control of non-compressible, truncal haemorrhage prior to surgical correction may save many lives especially in the case of military casualties where evacuation times to surgical care can be prolonged. A number of approaches have been advocated to limit blood loss. Several anecdotal reports suggest that recombinant activated factor VII (rFVlla) may arrest uncontrolled bleeding after trauma. However, the majority of prospective randomised controlled trials show little benefit in survival. The aim of this study was to determine whether rFVila could increase survival time and reduce the volume of blood loss in a model of noncompressible arterial haemorrhage over a prolonged prehospital phase, relevant to battlefield evacuation. A secondary aim was to determine the effects of hypotensive vs normotensive resuscitation on the efficacy of rFVlla. Methods: A prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted on 27 terminally anaesthetised pigs. The animals were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups. All animals were subjected to a controlled haemorrhage of 40% of their estimated blood volume. They were then given either rFVlla (180 Jig/kg) or placebo (saline 0.3mUkg) intravenously and a 4-5 mm aortotomy created in the infra-renal aorta using a pre-implanted wire. Resuscitation was commenced with 0.9% saline to one of two target systolic arterial blood pressures: 110 mmHg (normotensive) or 80 mmHg (hypotensive). Results: Recombinant FVlIa was associated with a significantly prolonged survival time in animals managed hypotensively (214 [79-349] vs 35 [19-52] minutes mean [95% confidence interval], rFVlla vs placebo, p =0.03, Peto log rank test). There was no significant difference in survival time between those given rFVlla and placebo in groups managed normotensively (128 [6-250] vs 40 [15-66] minutes mean respectively, P =0.27). Both rFVlla and hypotensive management were associated with reduced volumes of uncontrolled haemorrhage. Post mortem evaluation revealed no evidence of inappropriate intravascular thrombi or microthrombi associated with the use of rFVlla. Conclusions: Recombinant FVlIa, combined with hypotensive resuscitation, can increase survival time and reduce blood loss in a model of uncontrolled arterial haemorrhage. The increase in survival time is clinically relevant for military evacuation of battlefield casualties to surgical care.
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Ferreira, Fernando Hilton Teixeira. "Automa??o residencial microcontrolada para transmiss?o de dados via rede el?trica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20019.
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Este trabalho trata da especifica??o e da implementa??o de um protocolo para controlar a comunica??o entre dois microcontroladores (PICs), utilizando como meio de transmiss?o a rede el?trica, tornando a comunica??o mais segura e economicamente vi?vel. O Protocolo foi implementado em linguagem de programa??o C, tendo como refer?ncia alguns protocolos desenvolvidos para uso automobil?stico. Foi implementado tamb?m um circuito para testar a comunica??o PLC e o Protocolo.
This work deals with the specification and the implementation of a protocol for controlling communication between two programmable interface microcontrollers (PIC), using power line communication (PLC), making communication more secure and economically viable. The Protocol was implemented in C language, with reference to some protocols developed for automotive use. A circuit to test the communication between the PLC and the Protocol was also implemented.
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Tesch, Anthony Michael. "Investigation of the role of adenosine as an anti-inflammatory agent in the joint : modulation of chondrocyte activity via cell surface receptor stimulation /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Chong, Antonio. "Numerical modelling and stability analysis of non-smooth dynamical systems vie ABESPOL." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231038.
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Gianotti, Elia. "High purity hydrogen generation via partial dehydrogenation of fuels." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20078/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse ont été développés dans un contexte de motivation générale de développement de modes de transport plus électrifiés et plus respectueux de l'environnement, dans le but de réduire considérablement les émissions de gaz à l'effet de serre. Plus particulièrement l'objectif de ce projet de thèse a été d'étudier la faisabilité d'un concept de génération d'hydrogène à bord, par déshydrogénation catalytique partielle (PDh) du carburant, permettent d'obtenir de l'hydrogène pour alimenter une pile à combustibles embarquée en replacement des unités de puissance auxiliaires. Dans un même temps le combustible qui n'est que partiellement déshydrogéné conserve ses propriétés et peut être réinjecté dans le pool de carburant. Cette thèse est divisée en deux grandes parties. Une première partie décrit les travaux de recherche sur la déshydrogénation partielle du kérosène pour la production d'hydrogène à bord d'un avion. Le choix du catalyseur est crucial, il doit permettre de produire de l'hydrogène de haute pureté sans compromettre les propriétés d'origine du kérosène. Des matériaux avancés, composés de métaux imprégnés sur des nouveaux supports ont été développés, caractérisés et évalués en tant que catalyseur dans la réaction de PDh. L'influence de la composition du catalyseur sur son activité, sélectivité et durée de vie ainsi que les mécanismes de désactivation ont été étudiés. Un matériau catalytique optimisé composé d'une phase active de 1% Pt - 1 % Sn (m/m) supporté sur une γ-alumine à porosité contrôlée, a permis une production d'hydrogène de 3500 NL•h-1•kgcat-1, avec une pureté de 97,6% vol. et un temps de vie de 79 h, ce qui correspond à une puissance électrique fournie par une pile à combustible de 3,5 kW.La deuxième partie du manuscrit décrit une étude sur le diesel et l'essence et sur la faisabilité de la génération d'hydrogène par PDh des carburants autres que le kérosène. Les résultats obtenus avec le même matériau sont encourageants et montre une application possible dans des domaines de transports autres que l'aviation. Les résultats les plus significatifs obtenus avec des substituts de gasoil et d'essence sont respectivement des valeurs de productivité d'hydrogène de 3500 et 1800 NL•h-1•kgcat-1 avec des temps de vie de 29 et 376 h et une pureté supérieur à 99 % vol. pour le deuxThis thesis work have been developed in the general context of the development of more electrified and environmentally friendly means of transport, in order to significantly reduce greenhouse gases emissions. More specifically, the objective of this thesis project was to study the feasibility of the concept of on-board hydrogen generation by catalytic partial dehydrogenation (PDh) of fuel. The hydrogen produced serves to power a fuel cell system that replaces vehicles auxiliary power units. At the same time the fuel, that is only partially dehydrogenated, maintains its properties and can be re-injected into the fuel pool.This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the research on the PDh of kerosene to produce hydrogen on-board an aircraft. The choice of the catalyst is crucial: it should allow to produce high purity hydrogen without compromising the original properties of kerosene. Advanced materials, composed by metals impregnated on different supports, have been developed, characterized and evaluated as a catalysts in the reaction of PDh. The influence of catalyst composition on the activity, selectivity and stability as well as the deactivation mechanisms were studied. One of the optimized catalytic materials, composed of a 1% Pt - Sn 1% (w/w) active phase supported on a γ-alumina with controlled porosity, allowed a hydrogen production of 3500 NL•h-1•kgcat-1, with a purity of 97.6% vol. and a lifetime of 79 h, which corresponds to 3.5 kW of electric power supplied by fuel cells.The second part of the manuscript describes a study on diesel and gasoline and asses the feasibility of hydrogen generation by PDh of fuels different from kerosene. The results obtained with the previously mentioned catalyst are encouraging and show the possibility of applying this concept to other fields of transportation beside the aviation. The most significant results obtained with gasoline and diesel surrogates are respectively a hydrogen productivity value of 3500 et 1800 NL•h-1•kgcat-1 with lifetimes of 29 and 376 h and a purity that exceeds 99% vol. in both cases
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Côté, Sandra. "Implication de la prostaglandine de Série E[indice inférieur 2] dans le contôle de l'expression du récepteur CCR7 chez les monocytes infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type I." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5115.
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Depuis quelques décennies, le syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise a causé la mort de millions de personnes. La recherche des dernières années a permis de caractériser l'agent causal, le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine, d'identifier des cibles thérapeutiques ainsi que de développer des drogues permettant de contrôler la réplication de ce virus. Toutefois, nous constatons l'émergence de souches virales résistantes à un ou plusieurs des médicaments disponibles. De plus, bien qu'elle permette de bien contrôler la réplication du virus, la thérapie actuelle ne permet pas son éradication et il n'existe aucun vaccin efficace pour la prévention de l'infection. Le virus persiste ainsi dans certaines cellules infectées, lesquelles formeront un réservoir viral. Les monocytes représentent une population cellulaire favorable à la formation d'un tel réservoir viral. Leur dissémination et leur accumulation dans les ganglions lymphatiques constitueraient une étape critique dans la persistance du virus. Les mécanismes menant à la migration des monocytes vers les ganglions lymphatiques sont actuellement méconnus. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse avaient pour objectif de mieux comprendre les évènements immunologiques et moléculaires contrôlant la migration des monocytes vers les ganglions lymphatiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons démontré le rôle de la prostaglandine E[indice inférieur 2], une cytokine produite massivement au cours de l'infection, dans le contrôle de l'expression du récepteur de chimiokine CCR7 chez les monocytes. Ce récepteur est responsable de la migration des leucocytes vers les ganglions lymphatiques sous l'action chimiotactique des chimiokines CCL19 et CCL21. Nous avons démontré qu'une exposition des monocytes à la prostaglandine E[indice inférieur 2] entraînait une augmentation de leur migration vers ces chimiokines. Nous avons caractérisé les voies de signalisation intracellulaire activées par la prostaglandine E[indice inférieur 2] menant à l'expression de CCR7 chez les monocytes. Nous avons ainsi établi que la synthèse d'AMPc résultant de l'activation des récepteurs EP[indice inférieur 2] et EP[indice inférieur 4] entraînait l'expression de CCR7 chez les monocytes. Nous avons ensuite démontré l'implication des kinases PKA, ERK et p38 dans ce processus. Dans un second temps, nous avons vérifié l'effet de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine sur l'expression et la fonctionnalité du récepteur CCR7 chez les monocytes exposés à la prostaglandine E[indice inférieur 2]. Notre modèle expérimental démontre que l'exposition des monocytes au virus de l'immunodéficience humaine diminue le niveau de surface ainsi que la fonctionnalité du récepteur CCR7. Toutefois, la prostaglandine E[indice inférieur 2] augmente l'expression de CCR7 à la surface des monocytes exposés au virus, ce qui résulte en une augmentation de la sensibilité des monocytes pour la chimiokine CCL19. Nos résultats suggèrent que lors de la transmission mucosale du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine, l'exposition des monocytes au virus ainsi qu'à la prostaglandine E[indice inférieur 2] pourrait favoriser la dissémination du virus vers les ganglions lymphatiques. Une meilleure compréhension de la pathogenèse du virus ainsi que des mécanismes menant à la dissémination virale pourrait conduire à l'amélioration de l'approche thérapeutique actuelle.
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Avino, D' Loredana. "Spectateur et paria : pluralité et individualité dans les écrits politiques de Pier Paolo Pasolini." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00623268.
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L'analyse des écrits politiques de Pasolini peut nous aider à définir l'impact que sa pensée a eu sur son époque. Cet impact est un exemple du rôle que l'intellectuel peut jouer comme conscience critique de son temps, et cet exemple présuppose la recherche d'un cadre théorique où situer l'intellectuel dans un monde dominé par la puissance des médias et leur capacité à niveler l'opinion et même la pensée. Dans une société où l'intellectuel est essentiellement un clerc qui domine l'espace public défini par les mass-médias et surtout par la télévision, il peut être utile de revenir à la naissance de cette civilisation, avant que la société de l'image prenne le pas sur la société de la parole. Pasolini ressent, analyse et critique cette évolution : il en voyait les dangers et il savait aussi en exploiter les ressorts, ce qui rend actuel son héritage. Sa condition de marginal, de paria, dans la culture italienne de l'époque lui donne un point de vue extérieur sur son monde, mais sa subjectivité s'imposait par un discours polémique et hérétique. Son regard critique et sans compassion sur le monde et sur lui-même se déploie dans ses écrits politiques selon trois thèmes principaux qui sont aussi les facettes de sa personnalité : la passion pédagogique, la sensibilité à la forme artistique et l'engagement socio-politique.
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Pastore, C. V. "VENTILAZIONE MECCANICA E VOLUTRAUMA: STUDIO IN VIVO IN UN MODELLO SUINO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150177.
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Mechanical ventilation is an essential support for patients with acute lung pathologies, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury, and it is generally applied in chirurgical practice. Specialists are however aware that, despite of its “life saving” role, this practice presents several negative side effects. Recently one of the most serious negative effects of mechanical ventilation, called Ventilatory Induced Lung Injury (VILI), has been detected and better analysed. This syndrome, initially associated with barotrauma, has been recently defined as volutrauma, meaning a damage of lung parenchyma caused by mechanical stress deriving from overdistension induced by high tidal volumes (VT).
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the onset of ventilatory induced lung injury in a clinically relevant, validated and well-studied model, which closely mimics the human physiology and the ventilator setting currently used in the clinical arena. The study was performed using 18 pigs were involved, divided into three groups (n=6): two groups were mechanically ventilated (VT 20 ml/kg and 8 ml/kg), and one group was spontaneously breathing (SB). The duration of the experiments was 240 minutes. Hemogasanalysis and all main respiratory and circulatory parameters were detected every 30 minutes. Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression and activation and ET-1 levels were observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and autoptic samples of lung, kidney and liver for histological and zymographic analysis were obtained. The results showed serious alterations of lung mechanics and structure induced by high VT, although the protective strategies as low VT were not immune from negative side effects. Respiratory function worsening was observed in spontaneously breathing subjects, too. Therefore, our study demonstrates that, both animals undergoing mechanical ventilation with high volumes and non-assisted breathing animals develop a massive lung edema, as revealed by extra-vascular lung water values. As expected, the alveolar over-distension induced ultrastructural cellular abnormalities only in animals subjected to high VT and not in those where lung distension was limited, as in our VT8 group, or absent, as in SB group.
Our data show irrefutably that the severe edema formation noticed in spontaneously breathing animals was clearly related to the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, which induced the extravasation of fluid into lung parenchyma.
Moreover, we have evaluated the changes in lung mechanics and metalloproteinases production and activation in three different types of lung damages evoked by mechanical, hypoxic and septic stress. Under that, 24 pigs were studied, randomly divided into four groups (n=6): control group (pigs spontaneously breathing), mechanical stress group (pigs ventilated with high VT), hypoxic group (pigs inhaled with an hypoxic gas mixture), septic group (pigs i.v. infused with E.coli LPS). All the animals were studied for 240 minutes. Hemogasanalysis and main respiratory and circulatory parameters were detected every 20 minutes. At the end of the experiment, subjects were sacrificed and autoptic samples of lung for histological and zymographic analysis were obtained. The changes in physiological parameters were in line with morphological lung alterations. Zymographic analysis showed a strong activation of MMP-2 but no activation of MMP-9 in control, mechanical and hypoxic stress groups. The septic stress group has reflected a specular situation with activation of MMP-9 and low levels of MMP-2, which was present only in the inactivated form. The present study has underlined an acute modulation of MMPs in lung tissues and MMPs different behaviour facing different stimulations.
In conclusion, it is clear that mechanical ventilation strategies profoundly affects lung parenchyma integrity and functionality, and the choice of a ventilation strategy that avoids these damages, ensuring at the same time an appropriate exchange of gases, is strongly encouraged.
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Mejsholm, Lotta. "Gränsland : konstruktion av tidig barndom och begravningsritual vid tiden för kristnandet i Skandinavien /." Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2009. http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:173502.
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Gerds, Peter [Verfasser], Lars [Akademischer Betreuer] Grasedyck, and Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] Börm. "Solving an Elliptic PDE Eigenvalue Problem via Automated Multi-Level Substructuring and Hierarchical Matrices / Peter Gerds ; Lars Grasedyck, Steffen Börm." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1162140003/34.
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Moreira, Dayson Friaça. "Redução do crescimento e resistência celular de carcinoma mamário após silenciamento do gene PIF/DCD (Proteolysis-Inducing Factor) via shRNAi." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-18102007-144836/.
Full textAbstract:
A expressão do PIF/DCD em tumores tem sido relacionada ao crescimento e resistência à morte celular e à indução de caquexia em camundongos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel do PIF/DCD nestes processos. Foram construídos três PIF/DCD-RNAi chamados de IBC-I, II, III e pKLO (controle), compreendendo diferentes áreas do mRNA, geramos clones celulares PIF/DCD-RNAi e comparamos a expressão do mRNA por RT-PCR em tempo real. Depois, foi avaliado o crescimento e formação de colônias dos clones RNAi in vitro e a progressão tumoral in vivo em camundongo Nude. Os RNAi IBC-I, II e III reduziram a expressão em 93,25% dos transcritos do PIF/DCD, alem de reduzir em 61,7% a capacidade de formação de colônias em comparação ao controle (p<0.001). Nos experimentos in vivo, os camundongos 2 meses do grupo pKLO tiveram um retardo no desenvolvimento muscular. O grupo pKLO de 8 meses apresentou uma redução de 35% do seu peso. Ambos mostraram diminuição da massa muscular (p<0,05). Estes resultados confirmam o papel do PIF/DCD na progressão tumoral.The PIF/DCD expression in tumors has been related to the growth and resistance to cellular death and induction of cachexia in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PIF/DCD in these processes. It was designed three PIF/DCD-RNAi named IBC-I, II and III and one control pKLO, comprising different areas of the mRNA. Next, it was generated PIF/DCD-RNAi cell clones and compared mRNA expression by RT-PCR real time. After that, we evaluated the growth and colony formation ability of RNAi clones in vitro and in vivo tumorogenicity in Nude mice. The IBC-I, II and III RNAi reduced in 93,25% the expression of transcripts for PIF/DCD. There was also a significant reduction (61,7%) in the colony formation compared to the control (p<0.001). In the in vivo experiments, the 2-month-old mice in the pKLO group had muscular development retardation. The 8-month-old pKLO group presented a 35% reduction on its weight. Both groups had shown muscular mass reduction (p<0,05). These results confirm the role of PIF/DCD in the tumoral progression.