Relevant bibliographies by topics / PICO question

Academic literature on the topic 'PICO question'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PICO question"

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Palaskar, JayantN. "Framing the research question using PICO strategy." Journal of Dental and Allied Sciences 6, no. 2 (2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdas.jdas_46_17.

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Nishikawa-Pacher, Andreas. "Research Questions with PICO: A Universal Mnemonic." Publications 10, no. 3 (June 22, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications10030021.

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A well-formulated research question should incorporate the components of a ‘problem’, an ‘intervention’, a ‘control’, and an ‘outcome’—at least according to the PICO mnemonic. The utility of this format, however, has been said to be limited to clinical studies that pose ‘which’ questions demanding correlational study designs. In contrast, its suitability for descriptive approaches outside of clinical investigations has been doubted. This paper disagrees with the alleged limitations of PICO. Instead, it argues that the scheme can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs. This argument draws from four abstract components common to every research, namely, a research object, a theory/method, a (null) hypothesis, and the goal of knowledge generation. Various examples of how highly heterogenous studies from different disciplines can be grounded in the single scheme of PICO are offered. The finding implies that PICO is indeed a universal technique that can be used for teaching academic writing in any discipline, beyond clinical settings, regardless of a preferred study design.
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Stone, Patricia W. "Popping the (PICO) question in research and evidence-based practice." Applied Nursing Research 15, no. 3 (August 2002): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apnr.2002.34181.

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Koterski, Joseph W. "Circe’s Beasts and the Image of God: More’s Creative Appropriation of Pico’s Humanist Spirituality." Moreana 47 (Number 179-, no. 1-2 (June 2010): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2010.47.1-2.5.

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In More’s preface to the first of the letters of Pico that he translated for inclusion in his Life of Pico, he explains Pico’s account of the beasts into which Circe changes various men. To what he finds in Pico, More adds his own comments about possible deformations of the image of God within us. This paper reviews relevant portions of More’s Life of Pico and of Pico’s letters in light of the general question of Pico’s grounds for the dignity of human nature and argues that More has provided a kind of friendly amendment to the views of Pico on the ultimate grounds for human dignity, not only in the preface to the letters but also in his way of handling Pico’s three sets of rules for spiritual warfare.
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Santos, Cristina Mamédio da Costa, Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos Pimenta, and Moacyr Roberto Cuce Nobre. "The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 15, no. 3 (June 2007): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692007000300023.

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Evidence based practice is the use of the best scientific evidence to support the clinical decision making. The identification of the best evidence requires the construction of an appropriate research question and review of the literature. This article describes the use of the PICO strategy for the construction of the research question and bibliographical search.
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Vong, Wan-Tze, and Patrick Hang Hui Then. "Known-Item Retrieval Performance of a PICO-based Medical Question Answering Engine." Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems 25, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 686–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2015.25.4.686.

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Jin, Di, and Peter Szolovits. "Advancing PICO element detection in biomedical text via deep neural networks." Bioinformatics 36, no. 12 (April 20, 2020): 3856–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa256.

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Abstract Motivation In evidence-based medicine, defining a clinical question in terms of the specific patient problem aids the physicians to efficiently identify appropriate resources and search for the best available evidence for medical treatment. In order to formulate a well-defined, focused clinical question, a framework called PICO is widely used, which identifies the sentences in a given medical text that belong to the four components typically reported in clinical trials: Participants/Problem (P), Intervention (I), Comparison (C) and Outcome (O). In this work, we propose a novel deep learning model for recognizing PICO elements in biomedical abstracts. Based on the previous state-of-the-art bidirectional long-short-term memory (bi-LSTM) plus conditional random field architecture, we add another layer of bi-LSTM upon the sentence representation vectors so that the contextual information from surrounding sentences can be gathered to help infer the interpretation of the current one. In addition, we propose two methods to further generalize and improve the model: adversarial training and unsupervised pre-training over large corpora. Results We tested our proposed approach over two benchmark datasets. One is the PubMed-PICO dataset, where our best results outperform the previous best by 5.5%, 7.9% and 5.8% for P, I and O elements in terms of F1 score, respectively. And for the other dataset named NICTA-PIBOSO, the improvements for P/I/O elements are 3.9%, 15.6% and 1.3% in F1 score, respectively. Overall, our proposed deep learning model can obtain unprecedented PICO element detection accuracy while avoiding the need for any manual feature selection. Availability and implementation Code is available at https://github.com/jind11/Deep-PICO-Detection.
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Korenoski, Amanda, Angela Li, Sandra L. Kane-Gill, Amy L. Seybert, and Pamela L. Smithburger. "Pharmacologic Management of Delirium in the ICU: A Review of the Literature." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 2 (October 11, 2018): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066618805965.

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Purpose: Conflicting data exists on the pharmacologic management of intensive care unit (ICU) delirium. This review appraises the current evidence of pharmacologic management of ICU delirium. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Embase was conducted to answer the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) question of: “Does the use of a pharmacologic agent compared to standard of care or placebo improve ICU delirium in a critically ill patient population?” Results: After application of the PICO question and the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were included. Of these articles, 7 were prospective randomized controlled trials, 1 was a prospective nonrandomized controlled trial, and 5 were retrospective investigations. The included articles differed in the agents evaluated, primary outcome, and method of identifying delirium. Conclusion: The variability of outcomes illustrates the need for a large-scale investigation to further evaluate the role of pharmacologic management of ICU delirium.
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Martínez Díaz, Juan Daniel, Verónica Ortega Chacón, and Francisco José Muñoz Ronda. "El diseño de preguntas clínicas en la práctica basada en la evidencia. Modelos de formulación." Enfermería Global 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2016): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.15.3.239221.

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Objetivo: Identificar estructuras estandarizadas para la formulación de preguntas clínicas en el marco de la práctica basada en la evidencia. <br /><br />Método: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura. La búsqueda bibliográfica se efectuó en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE y LILACS, y en el buscador académico Google Scholar. Se efectuaron estrategias de búsqueda sensibles y acordes a cada base de datos. Límites de búsqueda: intervalo de tiempo (enero de 1995 a abril de 2015), idioma (artículos en inglés). Se usaron palabras clave libres y descriptores del Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) pertinentes: evidence based practice, question, formulation, well-built question, framework. <br /><br />Resultados: Se encontraron 10 manuscritos que aportaron el diseño original de estructuras para la formulación de preguntas clínicas en el ámbito de la práctica basada en la evidencia. El modelo PICO es la estructura más conocida y comúnmente utilizada en investigación cuantitativa y de él derivan los modelos PICOT, PICOTT, PICOS, PIPOH, PECORD, PESICO. En el campo de la gestión sanitaria la estructura ECLIPSE se erige para formulación de preguntas relacionadas con la gestión. Por último, para la búsqueda de evidencias cualitativas se han configurado los modelos SPICE y SPIDER adecuando sus componentes al fenómeno cualitativo. <br /><br />Conclusiones: Estos modelos estandarizadas se comportan como un instrumento idóneo para guiar la estrategia de búsqueda y delimitar el área de interés. Dada la gran variedad de piezas que integran las estructuras, su conocimiento exhaustivo acrecienta sus usos potenciales. Estas estructuras no deben ser consideradas como una guía rígida a la que ceñirse ineludiblemente.<br /><br />
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Torrejon-Moya, Aina, Keila Izquierdo-Gómez, Mario Pérez-Sayáns, Enric Jané-Salas, Antonio Marí Roig, and José López-López. "Patients with Thyroid Disorder, a Contraindication for Dental Implants? A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092399.

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The thyroid gland is composed of the thyroid follicles, considered to be the functional units of the thyroid gland. The synthesis of the thyroid hormones occurs in these follicles. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are the thyroid hormones and affect metabolic processes all through the body. This systematic evaluation was performed to answer the following PICO question: “Can patients with thyroid disorders undergo dental implant rehabilitation with the same survival rate as patients without thyroid disorders?”. A systematic review of the literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements to gather available and current evidence of thyroid disorders and its relationship with dental implants. The electronic search, in the PubMed and Cochrane databases, yielded 22 articles. Out of the 22 articles, only 11 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Manual research of the reference list yielded no additional papers. According to the SORT criteria and answering our PICO question, level B can be established to conclude that patients with thyroid disorders can be rehabilitated with dental implants, with similar survival rates as patients without thyroid disorders. Papers with higher scientific evidence and bigger sample size should be carried out.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PICO question"

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Bezza, Giuseppe. "Questions historiques sur l'astrologie." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0250.

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La thèse porte sur une secteur particulier de l'histoire des sciences : l'astrologie. Son but est de présenter les opinions les plus remarquables proposées par les historiens sur la naissance de l'astrologie dans le Proche Orient ancien et son développement au cours de l'Antiquité. Il est difficile, voire impossible, d'établir avec précision le début d'une historiographie de l'astrologie. En effet, l'Antiquité même nous offre quelques exemples : pour la Grèce, notamment, la biographie des astrologues attribuée à Rhétorios, pour l'Islam le résumé d'Al-Qifti, pour le Moyen Âge Simon de Phares, pour la Renaissance Pic de la Mirandole, pour le XVIIème siècle Claude Saumaise. Dans ce travail, j'ai choisi de prendre en considération que l'historiographie qui vient de se développer par écoles de pensée et qui dispose des moyens propres d'évaluer les textes et les documents.
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BESERRA, Maria dos Remedios. "Associativismo rural: estratégia de participação para consolidação da agricultura familiar na Associação Comunitária de Pequenos Produtores Rurais de Mirolândia, em Picos - Piauí." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9292.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:13:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2575_1.pdf: 671522 bytes, checksum: 0a459744a13b34578909797fd2317b96 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
O presente estudo lança seu olhar para compreender a atuação da Associações de Pequenos Produtores Rurais no município de Picos (PI) como mecanismo potencializador da inserção do agricultor familiar no mercado local/regional de forma mais competitiva, bem como o acesso aos direitos sociais pelos agricultores familiares, contribuindo dessa maneira para que possa se apropriar de uma parcela maior da riqueza socialmente produzida, buscando caracterizar de que forma se dá a articulação entre as Associações de Pequenos Produtores Locais, seus associados e as instituições locais com vistas à viabilização de projetos de interesse das famílias rurais acesso as políticas sociais direcionadas ao campo. Nesta perspectiva centra sua análise na ação política dos associados na sua luta permanente pela viabilização das suas atividades produtivas e pelo acesso aos direitos sociais, se apoiando para tanto na perspectiva da teoria gramsciana. A pesquisa foi realizada junto a Associação Comunitária dos Pequenos Produtores Rurais de Mirolândia no período de julho/2010 a janeiro/2011, numa abordagem qualitativa a partir da análise dos seguintes aspectos: formas de organização do sistema produtivo; o desenvolvimento do capital social na comunidade; características político-institucionais e a atuação na cadeia produtiva. Na realização do presente estudo foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos e instrumentos de coleta de dados: pesquisa documental dos registros institucionais escritos; entrevistas semi-estruturadas a aplicadas aos sujeitos envolvidos no universo da pesquisa; visitas aos associados e representantes de instituições para realização de entrevistas. O estudo aponta a importância do associativismo para os agricultores familiares, mesmo diante da evidente dificuldade que tem de pensar e concretizar um projeto político de defesa de seus interesses e que se constituem, portanto, em importante espaço de resistência e luta contra os interesses do capital
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Xavier, Lopes Júnior Francisco. "O acesso à saúde no sistema prisional brasileiro pós 1988: a experiência da Penitenciária José de Deus Barros em Picos, Piauí, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9343.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:14:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3448_1.pdf: 1070876 bytes, checksum: 6d29b08b16a9b107317a81699acd81b2 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
A investigação do acesso à saúde por parte dos internos da penitenciária José de Deus Barros , na cidade de Picos PI, no esteio dos Direitos Constitucionais pós 1988, constitui o tema desta pesquisa. As questões que nortearam todo o trabalho focaram basicamente 03 aspectos: um conciso histórico da pena de prisão, dando evidência ao trato desse Instituto ao longo das Constituições brasileiras e mencionado a importância dos direitos humanos para atendimento de uma pena mais digna; Intermediariamente, colocou-ser em contraste a situação da pessoa presa sob dois aspectos: aquele que está estipulado pela lei e o que nos é apresentado pelo real, obtido pela observação das concretas condições do preso no Estado brasileiro, nessa oportunidade, também teve cabimento uma reflexão de cunho filosófico a cerca da tarefa de ressocializar; e, finalmente, fez-se uma abordagem mais específica da temática central do presente trabalho cujo fito se resume em fazer uma verificação do nível de respeito aos Direitos e Garantias fundamentais erigidos na Constituição Cidadã de 1988. É notória a situação flagelante que se instaurou no sistema prisional brasileiro. Essa crise já é tão duradoura que as ações tendentes a possíveis soluções têm demonstrado certa inaptidão. Esse fenômeno reclama por investigações, sob a batuta de um método científico, aptas a proporem soluções razoáveis e eficientes. Ao considerar as condições precárias do cumprimento da pena privativa de prisão no sistema prisional do Brasil e o arcabouço legal tendente a criar condições dignas para o respeito à dignidade da pessoa presa, no contexto da Carta Constitucional vigente, sobretudo aquele que diz respeito ao acesso à saúde, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar o nível de respeito a esse direito constitucionalmente estabelecido por parte dos responsáveis, dentro da penitenciária, em dar cumprimento à execução da pena de prisão. Para tanto, o trabalho analisou e avaliou a atuação desses atores no intramuros da penitenciária regional José de Deus Barros em Picos, Piauí, Brasil. Mediante investigação avaliativa com triangulação de métodos, o trabalho teve como resultado principal o diagnóstico da atuação dos funcionários públicos e demais envolvidos nessa missão no período do tirocínio compreendido entre os anos 2008 a 2009, vinte anos no pós Constituição de 1988. Os resultados demonstraram que a penitenciária José de Deus Barros , apesar de todo um arcabouço legal direcionado para a efetivação desse direito constitucional, apresenta sérias limitações estruturais, como carência equipamentos e material humano, com implicações, negativas, diretas na saúde do interno mais uma vítima da questão social; contudo, no que tange às questões de saúde, muitas doenças que acometem o interno poderiam ser evitadas, ou sanadas, se os poucos recursos com os quais podem se contar fossem utilizados de maneira mais eficiente; também, poderia amenizar esse quadro algumas atitudes simples, higienização dos ambientes, palestras para conscientização da população carcerária, opção por alimentos saudáveis e ricos em nutrientes, entre outros, que dependem de boa vontade e astúcia dos responsáveis pela penitenciária de Picos
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Pereira, Tiago Alexandre da Eira. "Magistério sócio-político do Papa Pio XII nas mensagens de Natal : paz, Estado, democracia, dignidade da pessoa humana e bem comum : a questão da liberdade religiosa." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/32196.

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O estudo realizado no âmbito desta dissertação procura ser uma reflexão sociopolítica e teológica sobre a paz, o Estado e a democracia tendo como ponto de partida as mensagens de Natal do Papa Pio XII. Depois de uma apurada leitura das mensagens de Natal de Pio XII procuramos, no primeiro capítulo, transcrever as suas ideias principais acerca dos três temas. No segundo capítulo, seguindo o mesmo método, apresentamos o pensamento de Pio XII sobre dois dos princípios da doutrina social da Igreja: a dignidade da pessoa humana e o bem comum. No terceiro e último capítulo destacamos uma das novidades que o II Concilio do Vaticano apresentou a Igreja e ao mundo: a liberdade religiosa. Apresentamos este ponto na medida em que ele se revelou um dos pontos de rutura entre o pensamento de Pio XII e o pensamento conciliar e porque quisemos destacar uma das características do pensamento pós II guerra mundial, isto é, a liberdade.
This essay seeks to be a socio-political and theological study about peace, State and democracy, having as a starting point the Christmas Letters from Pius XII. After an accurate reading of those Pius XII’s Christmas Letters we tried, in the first chapter, to transcribe his ideas about the three subjects. On the second chapter, following the same method, we present Pius XII’s thinking on two Church’s Social Doctrine Principles: the dignity of the human person and common good. In the third and last chapter we highlight one of the news that second Vatican Council brought to Church and to the World: religious freedom. We present this because it revealed itself as a breaking point between Pius XII’s and Council’s thinking, and moreover we wanted to emphasize one of the post II World War’s main characteristics, is this, freedom.
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Zamrzla, Martin. "Velká Británie a mandátní území Mezopotámie, 1918-1926." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448981.

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The master thesis focuses on a more detailed analysis of the premises of British politics in relation to the Middle East after the First World War. Attention is focused especially on the territory of Mesopotamia, which is the center of all actions of neighboring states and the interests of the great powers. The thesis also includes the events of the war and the subsequent diplomatic negotiations held mostly at the Paris Peace Conference. Everything is viewed mainly from the perspective of British Empire and it's leaders. The finall goal of the work is to anchor the British mandates in the geographical area of the Middle East to the Ankara Agreement.
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Books on the topic "PICO question"

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Sadler, A. J. Pick and choose. London: Edward Arnold, 1985.

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Hu, Boqiang. Piao quan jin rong fa gui. Taibei Shi: Da hua chuan zhen chu ban she, 2003.

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Piao liu de Taiwan: Lian he bao she lun yi bai pian (Minguo 80 nian zhi 90 nian). Taibei Shi: Lian he bao she, 2001.

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Sadler, A. J. Pick and Choose. Hodder Education Group, 1985.

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Leslie, Jeremy, and David Roberts. Pick Me Up. DK CHILDREN, 2006.

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Silence Is Uncomfortable: Pick a Number- Ask a Question. Independently Published, 2019.

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Pick me up, put me down. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2006.

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Sonja, Meier. Ch.11 Plurality of obligors and of obligees, Introduction to Chapter 11 of the PICC. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0212.

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Chapter 11 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) deals with the plurality of obligors and obligees. It addresses those legal issues arising from the fact that performance of a contractual obligation is owed by more than one obligor and/or owed to more than one obligee. In principle, the chapter does not deal with questions of plurality of parties to a contract as such. One example is the question of whether the right of termination for fundamental non-performance (Art 7.3.1) may be exercised by just one out of several buyers, and the consequences this might entail. However, the question of whether one of the obligors or obligees may exercise a right of avoidance according to Section 3.2 of the PICC, and what the consequences of such avoidance might be, is discussed.
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Pick me up: Stuff you need to know... New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2006.

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Ebrey, David. Identity and Explanation in the Euthyphro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805762.003.0003.

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According to many interpreters, Socrates in the Euthyphro thinks that an answer to ‘what is the holy?’ should pick out some feature that is prior to being holy. While this is a powerful way to think of answers to the ‘what is it?’ question, one that Aristotle develops, I argue that the Euthyphro provides an important alternative to this Aristotelian account. Instead, an answer to ‘what is the holy?’ should pick out precisely being holy, not some feature prior to it. I begin by showing how this interpretation allows for a straightforward reading of a key argument: Socrates’ refutation of Euthyphro’s proposal that the holy is the god-loved. Then I address considerations that seem to favour the Aristotelian account. I end by explaining how answers to ‘what is f-ness?’ questions are informative on this account, even though they do not identify anything other than f-ness.
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Book chapters on the topic "PICO question"

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Resta, Leonardo, Roberta Rossi, and Graziana Arborea. "The Adhesion of the Blastocyst: A Question of Bonds." In Pick Up and Oocyte Management, 291–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28741-2_18.

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Znaidi, Eya, Lynda Tamine, and Chiraz Latiri. "Answering PICO Clinical Questions: A Semantic Graph-Based Approach." In Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 232–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19551-3_30.

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Dhang, Partho, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira, and Daniel D. Dye II. "Flies." In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 39–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0005.

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Abstract This book chapter discusses flies. Filth-breeding flies are usually broken down by the pest management industry into large flies and small flies. The most common fly is the house fly, and its larvae develop in farm animal manure and decaying plant material. It is important to understand the conditions where filth-breeding fly larvae develop in order to control them in urban settings. Some of the large flies of importance are the house fly, blow fly and flesh fly. Small flies are sometimes called gnats and develop in places like drains, residues of organic matter and food waste. Other fly larvae, like blow flies and flesh flies, develop in decaying meat, dead animals, and high protein decaying waste. Apart from houseflies, the most important flies to the urban pest management industry are the filth-breeding flies. With livestock and poultry production being concentrated into small areas near urban centers, house flies can develop in manure piles and migrate into residences and commercial establishments. The filth-breeding flies are considered very important disease transmitting flies throughout most parts of the world. The food source for filth-breeding fly larvae is usually decaying plant and animal matter. They pick up disease organisms on their bodies or orally, and then move them to human food by contact with their contaminated bodies or by regurgitation of pathogens. The ability of adult flies to move rapidly from decaying plant and animal materials make them important mechanical disease vectors. The important pathogens mechanically transmitted by flies are food poisoning bacteria (Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli) and cholera.
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Moyer, Virginia. "PICO Questions." In Weighing the Evidence: A Guide for Understanding Clinical Research, 5–6. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581107043-pico.

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Norcross, John C., Thomas P. Hogan, Gerald P. Koocher, and Lauren A. Maggio. "Asking the Right Questions." In Clinician's Guide to Evidence-Based Practices, 17–28. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190621933.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a guide to the first core skill of evidence-based practice (EBP): formulating a specific, answerable question. This skill lies at the heart of accessing the best available research. To practice EBP clinicians must first form an answerable clinical question; otherwise they will likely incur frustration and waste time once they embark on their literature search. The chapter introduces several types of questions, including background and foreground questions. The chapter also provides step-by-step instructions for formulating clinical questions using the PICO format, which encourages clinicians to identify the patient, intervention, comparison, and outcomes relevant to the patient. It concludes with a discussion of how to ensure that questions reflect the patient’s preferences and how to prioritize questions.
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Turfah, Ali, Hao Liu, Latoya A. Stewart, Tian Kang, and Chunhua Weng. "Extending PICO with Observation Normalization for Evidence Computing." In MEDINFO 2021: One World, One Health – Global Partnership for Digital Innovation. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220076.

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While the PICO framework is widely used by clinicians for clinical question formulation when querying the medical literature, it does not have the expressiveness to explicitly capture medical findings based on any standard. In addition, findings extracted from the literature are represented as free-text, which is not amenable to computation. This research extends the PICO framework with Observation elements, which capture the observed effect that an Intervention has on an Outcome, forming Intervention-Observation-Outcome triplets. In addition, we present a framework to normalize Observation elements with respect to their significance and the direction of the effect, as well as a rule-based approach to perform the normalization of these attributes. Our method achieves macro-averaged F1 scores of 0.82 and 0.73 for identifying the significance and direction attributes, respectively.
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"Answers to Questions." In PIC Microcontrollers, 417–26. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-096911-4.10024-2.

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"Answers to Questions." In Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers, 361–67. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-099363-8.00019-4.

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Wilkie, Margaret, Rosalind Malcolm, and Peter Luxton. "Pick ‘n’ mix questions." In Q & A Revision Guide: Equity and Trusts 2012 and 2013, 233–48. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199697632.003.0016.

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"Answers to assessment questions." In Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers, 279–90. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075068028-8/50014-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "PICO question"

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Vong, Wan-Tze, and Patrick Hang Hui Then. "Information seeking features of a PICO-based medical question-answering system." In 2015 9th International Conference on IT in Asia (CITA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cita.2015.7349828.

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Ruotsalainen, JH. "1710a The pico question is to a cochrane review like the thick creamy head is to a pint of guinness." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.359.

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Sinaga, Lasrika S., Ciciilya Candi, and Mardiati Nadjib. "Nutritional Interventions to Reduce Stunting in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.78.

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ABSTRACT Background: Childhood stunting remains a major malnutritional problem in developing countries. Stunting occurred the adverse effects on children’s health in the short and long term, including failure to thrive, impairment of cognitive and motor development, stunted stature, metabolic disorders, and decreased intellectual capacity. Integrated nutritional intervention is important to prevent stunting. This study aimed to identify the nutritional interventions to reduce stunting in developing countries. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from Wiley Online Library, and ProQuest databases. The research question was formulated in PICO-S format: (1) Population, (2) Intervention, (3) Comparison, (4) Outcome, and (5) Study design. The next step was identification, screening, and checking the eligibility of the studies. The keywords were nutrition intervention and stunting reduction. The inclusion criteria were openly accessed and English-language articles published between 2019 to 2020. The searched articles were conducted identification, screening, and eligibility. The data were reported by PRISMA flow chart. Results: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Integrated efforts to reduce stunting incidence were carried out through sensitive and specific nutritional interventions. A holistic approach involving the non-health sectors had significant impacts. Some limitations had still occurred in the capacity of implementing qualified nutritional interventions and their utilization. Conclusion: Implementation of nutritional interventions have been focused in developing countries with different approaches to reduce stunting incidence. Keyword: nutritional intervention, stunting, developing countries Correspondence: Lasrika S Sinaga. Masters Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia. Jl. Margonda Raya, Pondok Cina, Beji, Depok, 16424, East Java. Email: lasrikass20@gmail.com. Mobile: +62 81382375618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.78
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AlDakhakhny, Salma Mohammed, Mohamed Izham Ibrahim, Hassaan Anwer Rathore, and Marwa Ibrahim Swilam Elsayed Hamed. "Reno-protective Effect of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Models: A Systematic Review." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0111.

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Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is highly prevalent among hypertensive population. Previous date from studies and experiments have confirmed the reno-protective effect and tolerability of angiotensin receptor blockers in diabetic nephropathy. However, clinical data are lacking in hypertensive population. Objectives This is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the surrogate outcomes of renal protection with ARBs in hypertensive rodents to serve as a baseline for further studies. Methods The systematic review was conducted following the PRISM checklist. Four different databases were searched including PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect and SCOPUS. No restrictions were applied on dose, duration of follow up or ARBs used. Inclusion was restricted to experimental studies reporting means and SEM, published in English, addressing the PICO question and having a moderate to high quality. 37 total eligible articles were identified and Results: Of 25 reported primary outcomes in comparison to hypertensive untreated controls, 23 studies showed positive results supporting that ARBs induce reduction in proteinuria and/or albuminuria compared to hypertensive untreated controls. Similarly, in comparison to normotensive untreated controls, 9 of 12 studies showed positive results supporting that ARBs’ induced reduction in proteinuria and/or albuminuria can reach levels similar to normotensive controls. For the secondary outcomes, 12 of 18 reported outcomes showed significant improvement in CrCl or reduction in BUN compared to hypertensive untreated rats. Similarly, 10 of 17 outcomes reported showed that the improvement in secondary outcomes reached levels that are comparable to normotensive controls. Conclusion: Qualitative data from this systematic review support that ARBs have a Reno-protective effect in different hypertensive models and the effect is independent of BP lowering.
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Goldstein, D., R. Guralnick, and D. Joyner. "A Question about Pic(X) as a G-module." In Computational Aspects of Algebraic Curves. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701640_0014.

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Li, Hengxun, Ning Wang, Guangjun Hu, and Weiqing Yang. "PGM-WV: A context-aware hybrid model for heuristic and semantic question classification in question-answering system." In 2017 International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pic.2017.8359550.

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Dashenkov, Dmytro, Kirill Smelyakov, and Oleksii Turuta. "Methods of Multilanguage Question Answering." In 2021 IEEE 8th International Conference on Problems of Infocommunications, Science and Technology (PIC S&T). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picst54195.2021.9772145.

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Zimina, Elizaveta, Jyrki Nummenmaa, Kalervo Jarvelin, Jaakko Peltonen, and Kostas Stefanidis. "MuG-QA: Multilingual Grammatical Question Answering for RDF Data." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pic.2018.8706310.

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Parikh, Soham, Ananya Sai, Preksha Nema, and Mitesh Khapra. "ElimiNet: A Model for Eliminating Options for Reading Comprehension with Multiple Choice Questions." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/594.

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The task of Reading Comprehension with Multiple Choice Questions, requires a human (or machine) to read a given {passage, question} pair and select one of the n given options. The current state of the art model for this task first computes a question-aware representation for the passage and then selects the option which has the maximum similarity with this representation. However, when humans perform this task they do not just focus on option selection but use a combination of elimination and selection. Specifically, a human would first try to eliminate the most irrelevant option and then read the passage again in the light of this new information (and perhaps ignore portions corresponding to the eliminated option). This process could be repeated multiple times till the reader is finally ready to select the correct option. We propose ElimiNet, a neural network-based model which tries to mimic this process. Specifically, it has gates which decide whether an option can be eliminated given the {passage, question} pair and if so it tries to make the passage representation orthogonal to this eliminated option (akin to ignoring portions of the passage corresponding to the eliminated option). The model makes multiple rounds of partial elimination to refine the passage representation and finally uses a selection module to pick the best option. We evaluate our model on the recently released large scale RACE dataset and show that it outperforms the current state of the art model on 7 out of the 13 question types in this dataset. Further, we show that taking an ensemble of our elimination-selection based method with a selection based method gives us an improvement of 3.1% over the best-reported performance on this dataset.
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Tang, Xiangru, Hanning Gao, and Junjie Gao. "Knowledge-based Questions Generation with Seq2Seq Learning." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pic.2018.8706276.

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Reports on the topic "PICO question"

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Dioguardi, Mario, Diego Sovereto, and Giuseppe Troiano. The Prognostic Role of miR-31 and miR-155 in HNSCC: Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0119.

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Review question / Objective: the PICO question was formulated , in which the following points are identified: Participants (patients with HNSCC), Intervention (altered expression of miR-31 and miR-155 in HNSCC), Control (patients with HNSCC who have low expression of miR-31 and miR-155), Outcome (difference in prognosis of survival among patients with low and high miR-31 and miR-155 expression in HNSCC The PICO question therefore is as follows: Is there a difference in OS (overall Survival) between HNSCC patients with high miR-31 and miR-155 expression versus those with low expression? Condition being studied: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), altered expression of miR-31 and miR-155 tissue.
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Wan Brown, Jackie, Katherine Rogers, and Alys Young. What is the evidence underpinning clinical assessment of mental health of deaf adults with learning disabilities: A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - INPLASY International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0007.

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Review question / Objective: This scoping review aims to explore the literature to identify the types, scope and quality of evidence underpinning clinical assessment of deaf adults with learning disabilities, with or without autism, with mental health issues and/or challenging behaviour. Deaf adults are included in the review regardless of their communication modality, e.g. signed or spoken language, or other methods. The results of this review will inform considerations for future research and inform clinical practice. As an experiential type review, the PICO framework (Richardson et al. 1995) guides the question formulation. The review question is: what are the types, quality and extent of evidence that underpin clinical assessment of the mental health of deaf adults with learning disabilities?
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Dioguardi, Mario. The Prognostic Role of miR-195 and miR-34 in HNSCC: Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0150.

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Review question / Objective: The PICO question was as follows: What is the RR and HR in the prognostic survival indices among HNSCC patients with high tissue miR-195 expression compared to those with low expression? The different points studied were: (P) participants (patients with HNSCC), (I) intervention (impaired expression of miR-195in HNSCC), (C) control (patients with HNSCC who have low expression of miR-195), ( O) outcome (difference in death risk of survival prognosis between patients with low and high miR-195 expression in HNSCC). Main outcome(s): The main outcomes are HR and the RR on the prognostic indices of survival including: OS, DFS, CSS and PFS.
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Fatima, Sahar, Mohamad Nabil Mohd Noor, Vinod Pallath, Foong Chanchoong, and Hong Wei-Han. Evaluating the effectiveness of instructional strategies in promoting self-regulated learning during clinical clerkship years. A protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0065.

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Review question / Objective: Considering the evidence-based beneficial effects of self-regulated learning in medical education, the aim of this systematic review is to determine the instructional strategies used to promote self-regulated learning in medical students during clinical clerkship years. We used the "PICO" framework to formulate the research questions: P - Undergraduate or graduate entry medical students in clinical clerkship years and/or medical teachers in clinical clerkship years. I - Instructional strategy. C - Traditional didactic instructional strategies (where applicable). O- Self-regulated learning or any of its components. To this end, the proposed systematic review will address the following questions: i. What instructional strategies have been used to influence self-regulated learning in medical students during clinical clerkship? ii. What influence did the instructional strategies exert on medical students’ self-regulated learning approaches during clinical clerkship?
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Cabrera, Anahi Maldonado, Blayra Maldonado Cabrera, Dalia Isabel Sánchez Machado, and Jaime López Cervantes. Wound healing therapeutic effect of chitosan nanofibers: a systematic review and meta- analysis of animal studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0121.

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Review question / Objective: Review question: Does chitosan base nanofibers has significant wound healing therapeutics effects in animal models? A preclinical systematic review of intervention will be carried out to evaluate the therapeutic effects of chitosan nanofibers on animal skin lesions. The PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) scheme will be used: Intervention: full-thickness skin lesions, and the application of chitosan nanofibers as treatment for animal skin lesions. Regardless of the concentration of chitosan or other added compounds used. Comparison: No intervention, topical placebo agents and standard skin lesions treatments will be included. Outcome: wound healing area, wound closure, type of wound closure (first, second or third intention), healing time, infectious processes (antibacterial/antifungal properties), blood loss (hemostatic properties) and adverse effects.
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Msuha, Basil, Luitfred D. Kissoly, and Arnold Kihaule. Design and implementation of Social Safety Nets in Tanzania: A protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0074.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the design and implementation features of social safety programs in Tanzania. To this end, the proposed systematic review will answer the following questions: i. What are the types of social safety net interventions that have been and/or are being implemented in Tanzania? and ii. What evidence of the design and implementation features of social safety net programs can be discerned in existing literature? These review questions are framed based on the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) framework for preparing review questions. Condition being studied: Our factor of interest to be addressed by the systematic review are mainly two (A) core design features; and (B) implementation features of SSNs: The discussion on core design features will focus on: type of SSNs, main recipient, transfer value and frequency, coverage, duration of exposure and outcome. The implementation features will cover aspects such as: conditionality, targeting, payment mechanisms and governance, and implementation challenges.
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Jiménez-Parra, José Francisco, Sixto González-Víllora, and Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela. The evolution of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility from a contextual to a transcontextual model. A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0031.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this research was to identify and analyze the advances produced during the last 6 years in intervention studies based on the Model of Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) both in the subject of physical education and in any other area of knowledge within the school context. To conduct this study, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed (Moher et al., 2015) and the question was elaborated in the PICO format: (P) Participants or Problem (eg children, adolescents, Elementary, secondary, country), (I) Intervention (eg units, lessons, quantitative, qualitative or mixed research), (C) Comparators (“Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility”, “Education”), and (O) Outcomes (eg personal and social responsibility, motivation, prosocial behaviors, basic psychological needs, perception of students and teachers).
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Rogers, Katherine, Karina Lovell, Peter Bower, and Christopher Armitage. “What are Deaf sign language users’ experiences as patients in healthcare services?”: A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0102.

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Review question / Objective: A scoping review with specific reference to the context of Deaf populations, in relation to Deaf people’s experience of health and mental health services, including the use of a questionnaire regarding their experience as a patient, is needed in order to assess and synthesise the current knowledge. As this is an exploratory type of review drawing on qualitative as well as quantitative work, the PICo approach Population, (Phenomena of) Interest and Context, will guide the question formulation. Following the identification of the gap in the existing systematic reviews and scoping searches concerning patient experience and Deaf people’s experience of using healthcare services, the research question is as follows: “What are Deaf sign language users’ experiences as patients in healthcare services?”. Information sources: The bibliographic databases that will be searched for this review will includes PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Medline. Grey literature sources (e.g., policy, practice, and guideline documents), including contacting the relevant investigators working in the field of Deaf populations, will be searched for this review study. Forward citation sources, from the relevant reference lists, will also be searched to ensure the process is thorough.
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Martinho, Diogo, Hugo Sarmento, Ana Faria, Hadi Nobari, and Adam Field. Oral branched chain amino acids supplementation in trained participants: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0014.

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Review question / Objective: The present review following PICO criteria: (1) population – athletes or participants described with experience in sport; (2) intervention – oral branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) supplementation; (3) outcomes – indicators of performance, body composition, recovery, hormonal response or cellular signalling; (4) comparator – control group or placebo, and; (5) output – pre-and post-test changes. Exclusion criteria were: (1) studies that described participants as healthy or active; (2) articles classified as letter to editor or review, and; (3) BCAAs supplementation by infusion or combined with other substances. Condition being studied: The condition to be studied is the ingestion of branched chain amino acids in participants with training experience (participants involved in organized sports or with training experience). Note, the participants classified as active or healthy were not included in this review.
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DiAngelo, Lucy, Libby Lowry, Kayla McDaniel, Clare Sauser, Shelby Terry, and Erin Williams. Increasing Confidence and Mental Health in Caregivers. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0011.

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The purpose of our critically appraised topic is to synthesize the highest-level evidence available regarding interventions for increasing confidence and mental health outcomes in caregivers taking loved ones home from inpatient rehabilitation. The final portfolio contains six research articles from peer-reviewed journals. Study designs include randomized control trials, a systematic review, and a pretest-posttest without a control group. All studies relate directly to the components of the PICO question. Four of the articles discussed both caregiver confidence and mental health while two articles discussed only mental health. There is strong evidence to support that in-person hands on training, in person discussion-based training, and/or virtual resources helped increase confidence in caregivers of patients. There is mixed evidence and only limited improvement to support mental health. The findings from this critically appraised topic will be used to draft new ideas for practice guidelines for addressing caregiver education and caregiver mental health in an inpatient rehabilitation facility.
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