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Journal articles on the topic 'PICKLING SLUDGE'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Fang, Bin Bin, Zhen Chu, Yang Yang, Xiu Yun Sun, Wen Ping Huang, Xing Fu Li, and Lian Jun Wang. "Characterization of Stainless Steel and Wire Rope Pickling Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2130.

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With the development of Chinese industry, stainless steel and wire rope pickling sludge pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. Pickling sludge contains a large number of residual acid and heavy metals, and it is hazardous waste which would pose potential environmental problems and threaten people's health if being deposited outdoors or landfill simply. In view of Jiangsu Province present situation of pickling sludge, the paper analyzes the physical properties and the elements content of sludge from 9 enterprises. Pickling sludge pH is basically alkaline and range 7 to 9, moisture content is basically about 50% to 60%. ICP-AES has been applied to identify the content of metals. The range of Fe content is from 13.23% to 35.56% and the range of Ca content is from 1.04% to 29.93%, which shows that pickling sludge is appropriated for resource utilization. Ni and Cr are mainly contained in pickling sludge of stainless steel, the content are 1.79%~3.2% and 2.22%~3.15%, while Pb and Zn are mainly contained in pickling sludge of wire rope, the content are 0.0034%~0.53% and 3.14%~10.18%. The Elemental Analyzer has been applied to determine the content of F, Cl, N, S and P in picking sludge. The paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for making the huge amounts of the sludge harmless and how to utilize the treated sludge.

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2

Aciu, Claudiu, Daniela Lucia Manea, and Dana-Adriana Iluţiu-Varvara. "Study Regarding the Micro Filler Effect of Sludge Resulting from Steel Pickling." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 21, 2021): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020361.

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The management of waste, resulting in high amounts from different production processes, often raises special problems. This is also the case for sludge, generated in increasing amounts from the chemical pickling of steel pipes. This article presents the results of laboratory experiments regarding the micro filler effect of sludge generated by chemical pickling of steel pipes and analyzes its capacity to be a pozzolanic material. The study involved the performance of mechanical tests (specific surface of the powder; compressive mechanical strengths) and chemical tests (determination of the general chemical composition of cement and sludge using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method; determination of oxides in the chemical composition of sludge by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES); X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sludge and cement used). This topic was addressed because recycling of sludge, by using it for the manufacture of new building materials, takes advantage of the waste resulting from the pickling of steel pipes that-until now-has generated large volumes without a specific use.

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3

Li, Xiao Ming, Shang Jie Wang, Jun Xue Zhao, Ya Ru Cui, and Su Bo Hou. "A Review on the Treatments and Minimization Techniques of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2072.

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Pickling sludge is the deposits that generated from the neutralization of pickling waste water with calcium hydroxide in stainless steel pickling process. The main composition of pickling sludge is CaF2, CaSO4, Me(OH)n (M:Fe,Cr,Ni). Solidification /stabilization method is believed to a most economical way to dispose these wastes at present. But the process caused serious compatibilization, it not only took up the scarce land resource, but also wasted nickel, chromium and other resources, in addition, the potential harm of Cr6+ to the environment still existed. A new thought to recycle the sludge was as following. After drying the sludge, it contained mainly calcium fluoride and metal oxides. The calcium fluoride could replace fluorspar, so the sludge could be used as a raw material for AOD process, where the metal oxides were reduced into the bulk of the metal. This would not only save fluorite, but also could reduce metal oxide of sludge. With more stringent environmental demands and increasingly output of the sludge, the most effective way to reduce the sludge from source is recycling the valuable elements from waste water directly. Solvent extraction combined with vacuum evaporation, spray evaporation and resin absorption coordination were all the effective methods. The resin adsorption process would be another promising method as ion exchange resin was continuously successfully developed. It had been found that treating the waste water with positive resin can remove the metal ions, but how to completely resolve the metal from the resin was still a problem.

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4

Tang, Zhaohui, Xueyong Ding, Xinlin Yan, Yue Dong, and Chenghong Liu. "Recovery of Iron, Chromium, and Nickel from Pickling Sludge Using Smelting Reduction." Metals 8, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8110936.

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This paper reports the recoveries of iron, chromium, and nickel from pickling sludge using coal-based smelting reduction. The influences of slag basicity (CaO/SiO2, which is controlled by high phosphorus oolitic hematite iron ores), reduction temperature, reduction time, and the C/O mole ratio on the recoveries of Fe, Cr, and Ni are investigated systematically. The experimental results show that high recoveries of Fe (98.91%), Cr (98.46%), and Ni (99.44%) are produced from pickling sludge with optimized parameters for the smelting reduction process. The optimized parameters are a slag basicity of 1.5; a reduction temperature of 1550 °C, a reduction time of 90 min, and a C/O mole ratio of 2.0. These parameters can be used as technical support for the recycling of pickling sludge with pyrometallurgy.

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5

Fang, Bin Bin, Yang Yang, Zhen Chu, Xiu Yun Sun, Wen Ping Huang, Xing Wei Song, and Lian Jun Wang. "The Generation and Analysis of Carbon Steel Pickling Sludge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.505.

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The sludge generated from carbon steel pickling process, containing a large number of metal ions, particularly hexavalent chromium, mercury, lead and nickel ion, which is considered to be a kind of hazardous solid waste. The content of moisture in the sludge is 40.02% to 97.30% ,and pH value is about 7 to 11 ;The content of iron in the sludge is the highest, which is from 14.21% to 50.12% ; Other conventional metal elements like Ca , K, Na and Mg ,their content as follows: 5.93% to 29.93% , 0.011 % to 0.14% , 0 to 0.33% and 0.11% to 1.65 % . The heavy metal elements like Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb, their content as follows: 0.0094% to 4.83%, 0.0063% to 1.129% , 0.0226% to 0.106, 0.0103 % to 0.0647% , 0.0034% to 0.0657% , 0.0017% to 0.0135% and 0.0012% to 0.0038% . The anions like SO42- , Cl- and PO43-, their contents are 0.18 % to 31.92%, 0.05 % to 4.27%, 16% to 11.61%, respectively. This paper has a certain reference value for the treatment and utilization of carbon steel pickling sludge. This paper has certain reference value when treating and utilizing the plain carbon steel pickling sludge.

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6

Liang, Dongxu, Manhong Ji, Suiyi Zhu, Yu Chen, Zhihua Wang, Yanwen Liu, Asghar Khan, Kyonghun Ri, Hongbin Yu, and Mingxin Huo. "A novel Fe recycling method from pickling wastewater producing a KFeS2 whisker for electroplating wastewater treatment." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 7, no. 8 (2021): 1480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ew00085c.

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7

Li, Xiao-ming, Ming Lv, Wei-dong Yin, Jun-xue Zhao, and Ya-ru Cui. "Desulfurization thermodynamics experiment of stainless steel pickling sludge." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 26, no. 5 (July 19, 2018): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42243-018-0113-4.

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8

Merentsov, N. A., S. A. Bokhan, V. N. Lebedev, A. V. Persidskiy, and V. A. Balashov. "System for Centralised Collection, Recycling and Removal of Waste Pickling and Galvanic Solutions and Sludge." Materials Science Forum 927 (July 2018): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.927.183.

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The article presents an approach to centralised collection, recycling and removal of waste pickling and galvanic solutions and sludge designed for small steel making plants and workshops having the described processes and using flow-through filter blocks.

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9

Junxue, Zhao, Zhao Zhongyu, Shi Ruimeng, Li Xiaoming, and Cui Yaru. "Issues Relevant to Recycling of Stainless-Steel Pickling Sludge." JOM 70, no. 12 (October 9, 2018): 2825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3168-6.

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10

Yang, Cong-cong, Jian Pan, De-qing Zhu, Zheng-qi Guo, and Xiao-ming Li. "Pyrometallurgical recycling of stainless steel pickling sludge: a review." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 26, no. 6 (May 14, 2019): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42243-019-00278-y.

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11

Li, Xiao Ming, Jun Xue Zhao, Ya Ru Cui, and Jun Yang. "The Comprehensive Utilization of EAF Dust and Pickling Sludge of Stainless Steel Works." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.603.

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The EAF Dusts and pickling sludges generated in the stainless steel production contain a lot of valuable metals such as iron, nickel, chromium and manganese. Their compositions are similar to those of laterite nickel ore, and sometimes even better than that at the contents of nickel and chromium. But it is regret that these valuable resources were random piled up or landed fill disposal. In this paper, the typical EAF dusts and pickling sludges and reductant coke powder were mixed in appropriate ratio, and then smelted in a medium frequency induction furnace. In the smelting process, the lime powder and fluorite was added to fluxing, and the ferrosilicon powder was added to strengthen the reduction. The product nickel-chromium-iron can be used as the raw material for stainless steel or cast iron production. The technology has good social and economic benefits.

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12

Vu, Minh X., Ha T. T. Le, Lan T. Pham, Nam H. Pham, Huong T. M. Le, Lu T. Le, and Dung T. Nguyen. "SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FROM SPENT PICKING LIQUORS IN AQUEOUS SATURATED SOLUTION OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 9-10 (October 22, 2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt20186109-10.5861a.

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Spent pickling liquor is a considered hazardous waste because of its very high level of acidity and high metal concentration, and the conventional neutralization method regenerates an excessive quantity of sludge that poses a serious problem concerning to the landfill disposal and risk of ground water contamination. Therefore, recovery of spent pickling liquor is necessary. Several approaches have been investigated for spent pickling liquor recovery, but they are generally costly and lead to produce various iron salts or oxides which have a limited value. In the present study, we explore the potential of using spent pickling liquor as iron precursor for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. Here, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared easily by oxidation-precipitation from spent hydrochloride acid pickling liquors in aqueous saturated solution of calcium hydroxide at room temperature, in the air, and under suitable speed of rotation. The FT-IR, XRD and TEM results shown that monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the size range of 10-25 nm were obtained, with a high level of crystallinity. The BET surface area was about 46 m2 g-1. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited the superparamagnetic behavior with relatively high saturation magnetization, Ms = 73 emu/g. The synthesis procedure of magnetic nanoparticles revealed here will provide a new possibility for spent pickling liquors recovery more effectively. For citation: Vu Minh X., Le Ha T. T., Pham Lan T., Pham Nam H., Le Huong T. M., Le Lu T. Nguyen Dung T. Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles from spent picking liquors in aqueous saturated solution of calcium hydroxide. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 59-63

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13

Shi, Lei. "Technology Development on Heavy Metal-Contained Sludge Reduction and Resource Recovery on Stainless Steel Cold-Rolled Mixed Sludge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.340.

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Based on characteristics of stainless steel cold-rolled products pickling wastewater, a new process route with advantages of sludge originally reduction, wastewater two-stage treatment, Heavy metal-contained sludge and calcium-salt sludge separately recovery is developed. As 2 waste-water treatment stations operation results have shown, during the passed 6 years, annual sludge reduction ratios (per tons product) reach 43.64% and 50.29% respectively, realizing 105.6 thousands tons of sludge reduction effect and 68.04 millions CNY economic benefits. After two-stage process treatment, effluent water can reach emission standards steadily, Fe,Cr and Ni total contents in the front-part heavy-metal sludge increase from 10% to 30~40% compared with that of one-stage wastewater traditional treatment process, with dramatically decrease of F and S impurities content, therefore it can be used as ferric-contained sludge; while among the post-part calcium-salt sludge, F and S recovery ratios reach 20~40%, with Fe,Cr and Ni total content falls below 3%, therefore it can be used as fluorgypsum or fluorite. Since this technology fit the trend of hazardous waste original reduction and resource categorized recycle, it has a broad application prospect in stainless steel enterprise.

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14

Zhang, Zhongtang, Yuhu Li, Feng He, and Huilan Yang. "Thermodynamic Analysis on the Reduction Smelting of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 1393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00431-6.

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15

Zhang, Junke, Peidong Su, and Lin Li. "Bioremediation of stainless steel pickling sludge through microbially induced carbonate precipitation." Chemosphere 298 (July 2022): 134213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134213.

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16

Pan, D. A., L. J. Li, J. Yang, J. B. Bu, B. Guo, B. Liu, S. G. Zhang, and A. A. Volinsky. "Production of glass–ceramics from heavy metal gypsum and pickling sludge." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12, no. 9 (February 24, 2015): 3047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-015-0758-5.

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17

Singhal, Anupam, V. K. Tewari, and Satya Prakash. "Characterization of stainless steel pickling bath sludge and its solidification/stabilization." Building and Environment 43, no. 6 (June 2008): 1010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.02.003.

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18

Yu, Hui, Shengqiang Song, Robert Cromarty, Guihua Hang, Qian Hu, Wenke Zhang, Dongming Liu, and Zhengliang Xue. "Recycling of chromium sludge to promote aggregation and growth of metal during self-reduction of nickel laterite ore." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 1 (2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022002.

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Addition of stainless steel pickling sludge, which contains hazardous hexavalent chromium, to low-grade nickel laterite ore has the potential to eliminate the hexavalent chromium and promote the aggregation and growth of iron-nickel particles during reduction with anthracite. The effect of chromium sludge on the aggregation and growth of metal particles during a self-reduction process of nickel laterite ore has been studied. The detoxification effect of hexavalent chromium in the sludge was evaluated using the standard TRGS 613 leaching test. Results showed that with increasing chromium sludge addition, the size of metal particles increased. With the addition of 13.94% by mass chromium sludge the average metal particle size in the reduce ore increased from 0.42 µm to 1.38 µm while the recovery of Fe, Ni and Cr increased from 53.73%, 19.39% and 33.36% to 78.33%, 69.22% and 58.26%, respectively. It is proposed that a low melting point eutectic phase of FeS formed in the reduced products, significantly promoted the migration and aggregation of metal particles. Leaching tests indicated that the original chromium sludge released > 600 mg/kg Cr(VI) while the slag from the combined laterite and chromium sludge released less than the EPA limit of 2 mg/kg Cr(VI).

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19

Zhang, Lihui, Yuyi Liu, and Feng Duan. "Metal recovery and heavy metal migration characteristics of ferritic stainless steel pickling sludge reduced by municipal sludge." Waste Management 144 (May 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.010.

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20

Castro, Fernando, Pedro B. Tavares, Nuno Cristelo, Tiago Teixeira, Joana F. Garcia, and Nuno M. G. Parreira. "Characterization of Stainless Steel Spent Pickling Sludge and Prospects for Its Valorization." Metals 12, no. 9 (September 17, 2022): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091539.

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Fluorspar is considered a critical raw material for the European Union, due to its industrial uses and lack of sufficient extraction in European countries. It is a source for hydrofluoric acid manufacture, this latter chemical being employed, among other uses, in the pickling of stainless steels. From this latter activity, sludge is generated due to the need for used water treatment. In this article, we report a full characterization of this residue, obtained in an industrial plant in Vieira de Leiria, Portugal. Its chemical and mineralogical characteristics were determined, showing that it is mostly a mixture of calcium fluoride and calcium sulfate with some heavy metals content. Thermal behavior allowed us to determine that the material melts at around 950 °C. The influence of calcining operation on the residue was determined, especially concerned with the leachability of some elements. Taking into account the results of the characterization of this residue, some considerations are presented about the potential for the valorization of this industrial residue.

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21

Liu, Songyan, Qiuju Li, Ziyang Wang, Fanxi Yang, and Xionggang Lu. "Metals droplet assembling mechanism during carbon reduction of stainless steel pickling sludge." Journal of Cleaner Production 247 (February 2020): 119580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119580.

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22

Da, Yongqi, Tingshu He, Chen Shi, and Yike Lin. "Utilizing titanium-containing pickling sludge to prepare raw meal for clinker production." Construction and Building Materials 268 (January 2021): 121216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121216.

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23

Zueva, Svetlana, Francesco Ferella, Nicolò M. Ippolito, Elena Ruduka, and Ida De Michelis. "Wastewater Treatment from Galvanization Industry with Zinc recovery." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701064.

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The resistance of steel to corrosion is obtained with a number of industrial processes based on Zn galvanization. However, all these methods bear a relatively high price tag due to the cost of Zinc plates and electrolytes as well as the formation of hazardous wastewaters containing metals and acids. Wastewaters from Zn galvanization may be grouped into two main types: Mix of Rinse Water (MRW) and Spent Pickling Solutions (SPS). Ordinarily, these waters are mixed and sent for treatment by precipitation. As a result large volumes of galvanic sludge is formed, containing iron, calcium, sulphates and a relatively small quantity of zinc (<20 %), which makes Zn recovery not profitable. The experimental results presented in this article show that it is possible to use as a coagulant to treat the process wastewaters the spent pickling solution (SPS) from the process, kept separated and added with sodium hydroxide. This results in obtaining precipitates with Zn contents higher than 40%, which brings the further advantage of making Zn recovery profitable.

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24

Yang, Jian, Shen-Gen Zhang, De-An Pan, Bo Liu, Chun-Li Wu, and Alex A. Volinsky. "Treatment method of hazardous pickling sludge by reusing as glass–ceramics nucleation agent." Rare Metals 35, no. 3 (December 19, 2015): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12598-015-0673-4.

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25

Zueva, Svetlana B., Francesco Ferella, Valentina Innocenzi, Ida De Michelis, Valentina Corradini, Nicolò M. Ippolito, and Francesco Vegliò. "Recovery of Zinc from Treatment of Spent Acid Solutions from the Pickling Stage of Galvanizing Plants." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010407.

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Typical methods for the treatment of waste pickling solutions include precipitation by alkaline reagents, most commonly calcium hydroxide. As a result, large volumes of galvanic sludge form, containing iron, calcium, sulphates, and a relatively small quantity of zinc (<20%), making Zn recovery not profitable. In summary, state-of-the-art Zn galvanization processes entail the loss of valuable metals and the irrational and expensive handling of spent pickling solutions (SPSs). The resulting conclusion is that there is room for a significant improvement in the way SPSs are treated, with the double goal of enhancing Zn galvanization methods’ economic viability and achieving a lesser impact on the environment’s processes. The experimental results show that it is possible to use SPS as a coagulant to treat the process wastewaters, kept separated, and added with sodium hydroxide. The results in obtaining precipitates with Zn contents higher than 40%, increasing the added advantage of making Zn recovery profitable. The results show the possibility of using SPS as a coagulant in the process of physical-chemical wastewater treatment and sodium hydroxide to obtain a precipitate with a zinc content of more than 40%.

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26

Fang, Binbin, Yubo Yan, Yang Yang, Fenglian Wang, Zhen Chu, Xiuyun Sun, Jiansheng Li, and Lianjun Wang. "Adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution using spinel ferrite prepared from steel pickling sludge." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 5 (November 14, 2015): 1112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.580.

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In this paper, spinel ferrite with high crystallinity and high saturation magnetization was successfully prepared from steel pickling sludge by adding iron source and precipitator in the hydrothermal condition. The obtained spinel ferrite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Zeta potential methods and investigated as an adsorbent for removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were performed by varying the pH values, contact time, temperature and initial metal concentration. The result of pH impact showed that the adsorption of Pb2+ was a pH dependent process, and the pH 5.8 ± 0.2 was found to be the optimum condition. The achieved experimental data were analyzed with various kinetic and isotherm models. The kinetic studies revealed that Pb2+ adsorption onto spinel ferrite followed a pseudo-second order model, and the Langmuir isotherm model provided the perfect fit to the equilibrium experimental data. At different temperatures, the maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir equation were in the range of 126.5–175.4 mg/g, which can be in competition with other adsorbents. The thermodynamic results showed that the spinel ferrite could spontaneously and endothermically adsorb Pb2+ from aqueous solution. The regeneration studies showed that spinel ferrite could be used five times (removal efficiency (%) >90%) by desorption with HNO3 reagent.

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27

Choudhury, Atun Roy, Neha Singh, Arutchelvan Veeraraghavan, Ayushi Gupta, Sankar Ganesh Palani, Mohammad Mehdizadeh, Anahita Omidi, and Duraid K. A. Al-Taey. "Ascertaining and Optimizing the Water Footprint and Sludge Management Practice in Steel Industries." Water 15, no. 12 (June 9, 2023): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15122177.

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Steelmaking is a water-intensive process. The mean water intake against each ton of steel manufactured is ascertained as between 2 and 20 m3. Primarily, the stated requirement is in the form of make-up water to compensate for evaporation and mechanical losses and does not contribute to wastewater generation. Conversely, unit operations, such as rolling, continuous casting, pickling, etc., generate highly complex wastewater rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), cyanide, ammonia, non-consumed acids, benzene, toluene, xylene, oil, grease, etc. Further, the conjugative wastewater contains a high concentration of metallic oxides, toxic elements, oil, nitrogen, and heavy metals such as zinc, nickel, chromium, etc. These contaminants are generally treated and neutralized using physicochemical and membrane-based systems. This also yields hazardous sludge, which is landfilled, thereby incurring an ancillary financial burden. However, sludge can be a frugal source of extracting multi-dimensional benefits. The present review investigated and identified the most water-intensive and wastewater/sludge-contributing unit operations and proposed a preferential combination of treatments to balance efficacy and economy. Further, the various global practices for sludge recycling and management documented in the existing literature are summarized and ranked with the help of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The findings revealed concrete making and nutrient recovery as the most- and least-preferred recycling alternatives.

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28

Ivanenko, Olena, Vyacheslav Radovenchyk, Tatyana Overchenko, and Іaroslav Radovenchyk. "INTEGRATED USE OF MAGNETITE IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES." ScienceRise, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2020.001462.

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The object of research: magnetite obtained by using the ferritic method for the purification of iron-containing solutions. Problem to be solved: a comprehensive solution to the problem of using magnetite, obtained as a result of using the ferrite method for purifying iron-containing solutions, as a catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and its further utilization in the production of building materials. The main scientific results: it has been shown that the magnetite precipitate formed during the processing of pickling solutions by the ferrite method can be used as a cheap, affordable and effective catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide from flue gases of industrial enterprises, the disposal of which after long-term use does not create problems due to its stability and inertness. Field of practical use of research results: the use of the ferrite method in the purification of pickling solutions of metallurgical enterprises provides not only an increase in the efficiency of water purification, but also leads to the introduction of waste-free technology. The decisive factor will be the use of magnetite as sludge of the use of ferrite technology to solve the problem of reducing flue gas emissions from the production of electrodes for the metallurgical industry, which include toxic carbon monoxide. Innovative technology product: waste-free technology for the processing of pickling solutions by the ferrite method with the formation of a product with magnetic and catalytic properties, further processing of which consists in using red lead iron as a pigment in the production of building materials. Scope of the innovative technology product: oxidation of carbon monoxide from industrial flue gases, followed by the use of red lead as a pigment.

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29

Yang, Bo, Shan Jiang, Chunhui Zhang, Guifeng Zhao, Mengmeng Wu, Nan Xiao, and Peidong Su. "Recovery of iron from iron-rich pickling sludge for preparing P-doped polyferric chloride coagulant." Chemosphere 283 (November 2021): 131216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131216.

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30

Ito, Masahiko, Masahiro Yoshioka, Yoshikazu Seino, Makoto Suzuki, Mitsuru Sakuta, Yunosuke Maki, and Yoshikazu Kawabata. "Development of Recycling System for Sludge from the Stainless Steel Nitric-hydrofluoric Acid Pickling Process." ISIJ International 37, no. 4 (1997): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.37.391.

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31

Ma, Ping, Bo Lindblom, and Bo Bjorkman. "Experimental studies on solid-state reduction of pickling sludge generated in the stainless steel production." Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 34, no. 1 (February 2005): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0692.2005.00717.x.

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32

Shen, Hanlin, Bo Liu, Ying Liu, Junjie Zhang, Jun Liu, and Shengen Zhang. "Recovery of Fe, Cr and Ni in pickling sludge with aluminum nitride in secondary aluminum dross." Minerals Engineering 184 (June 2022): 107659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107659.

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33

Wu, Ming-Tao, Yong-Li Li, Qiang Guo, Da-Wei Shao, Ming-Ming He, and Tao Qi. "Harmless treatment and resource utilization of stainless steel pickling sludge via direct reduction and magnetic separation." Journal of Cleaner Production 240 (December 2019): 118187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118187.

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Li, Xiao-ming, Geng Xie, Mirabbos Hojamberdiev, Ya-ru Cui, and Jun-xue Zhao. "Characterization and recycling of nickel- and chromium-contained pickling sludge generated in production of stainless steel." Journal of Central South University 21, no. 8 (August 2014): 3241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-2296-6.

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35

Zhuang, Qingyun, Guangshi Li, Wenyu Xie, Yinghua Zhang, Zhongya Pang, Shuhua Geng, Xingli Zou, and Xionggang Lu. "Phase evolution of stainless-steel pickling sludge and blast-furnace gravity dust during high-temperature process." Metallurgical Research & Technology 120, no. 4 (2023): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023048.

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Stainless-steel pickling sludge (SSPS) and blast-furnace gravity dust (BFGD) are solid wastes and hazardous materials produced during iron- and steel-making processes and are important secondary metallurgical resources. The comprehensive use of these two materials shows important environmental significance and economic value. Herein, the elemental content, phase composition, and microstructure of SSPS and BFGD samples were then analyzed. Then, a high-temperature process for SSPS, BFGD, and their mixtures (mass ratio of 1:1) in air and N2 was analyzed by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, and the high-temperature calcination products were identified and analyzed using X-ray diffraction. In air, the mixture of SSPS and BFGD can generate SFCA after roasting at 1200 °C. In N2, the carbon in the BFGD reduced the CaSO4 in SSPS to CaS. Based on the high-temperature phase-transformation behavior of the SSPS and BFGD mixture under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, a novel process flow of mixture pelletizing‒sintering agglomeration–blast furnace smelting was proposed for the synergistic treatment of SSPS and BFGD. This process is expected to provide innovation for stainless steel production enterprises to realize the closed circuit recycling of solid waste without leaving the factory.

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Binnemans, Koen, Peter Tom Jones, Álvaro Manjón Fernández, and Victoria Masaguer Torres. "Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 6, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 505–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00306-2.

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Abstract The state of the art for the recovery of metals from steel industry by-products using hydrometallurgical processes is reviewed. The steel by-products are different slags, dusts, and sludges from a blast furnace (BF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnace (EAF), and sinter plant, as well as oily mill scale and pickling sludge. The review highlights that dusts and sludges are harder to valorize than slags, while the internal recycling of dusts and sludges in steelmaking is inhibited by their high zinc content. Although the objectives of treating BF sludges, BOF sludges, and EAF dust are similar, i.e., the removal of zinc and the generation of an Fe-rich residue to be returned to the steel plant, these three classes of by-products have specific mineralogical compositions and zinc contents. Because wide variations in the mineralogical composition and zinc content occur, it is impossible to develop a one-size-fits-all flow sheet with a fixed set of process conditions. The reason for the interest in EAF dust is its high zinc content, by far the highest of all steel by-products. However, EAF dust is usually studied from the perspective of the zinc industry. There are not only different concentrations of zinc, but also variations in the all-important ZnO/ZnFe2O4 (zincite-to-franklinite) ratio. In many chemical processes, only the ZnO dissolves, while the ZnFe2O4 is too refractory and reports to the residue. It only dissolves in concentrated acids, or if the dust is pre-treated, e.g., with a reductive roasting step. The dissolution of ZnFe2O4 in acidic solutions also brings significant amounts of iron in solution. Finally, due to its high potassium chloride content, sinter-plant dust could be a source of potassium for the fertilizer industry. Graphical Abstract

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Sasivarman, B., M. Rajeshkannan, V. Sowmiya, E. Subashchandrabose, and R. Swetha. "Evaluation of Anaerobic Digester for Treating Tannery Effluent by Water Displacement Method." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.2 (September 22, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.2.26328.

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At hand, be a lot of process to production of leather, such as soaking, liming, degreasing, pickling and tanning process. This makes huge quantity of waste water manufacture from tannery industry. Tannery effluents are additional cause to the environment. An Indian tannery industry generates the tannery effluent regarding 50,000 m3/ day. As a result, treating tannery effluent is the majority chief assignment to save the adjacent area and to get better fresh water. In this exploration the sample from the tanning industry waste water undergo Biological behavior development, typically tanning industry waste water is an effectual within the organichealingprogression. In this learningalongsideby means of the waste matter, the activated slush from Sewage Treatment Plant is additional as a seeding material in the proportion of 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, replacein the 500ml serum bottle in addition to closed tightly to keep up Anaerobic situation and evaluate their biogas production day by day. The 60% activated sludge and the 40% tannery waste waters Mixture gave the high yield of biogas and degraded the macrobiotic contaminants efficiently. From this study, it is observed that activated Sludge is use as seeding materials to biodegrade the natural pollutant at hand in the tannery waste water.

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Zhang, Junjie, Xiaoyan Zhang, Bo Liu, Christian Ekberg, Shizhen Zhao, and Shengen Zhang. "Phase evolution and properties of glass ceramic foams prepared by bottom ash, fly ash and pickling sludge." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 29, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2219-5.

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Zhang, Shen-gen, Jian Yang, Bo Liu, De-an Pan, Chun-li Wu, and Alex A. Volinsky. "One-step crystallization kinetic parameters of the glass-ceramics prepared from stainless steel slag and pickling sludge." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 23, no. 3 (March 2016): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(16)30037-1.

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40

Brück, Felix, Andreas Fritzsche, Kai U. Totsche, and Harald Weigand. "Steel pickling rinse water sludge: Concealed formation of Cr(VI) driven by the enhanced oxidation of nitrite." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 5, no. 3 (June 2017): 2163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.04.002.

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Hamann, Christopher, Marina Spanka, Dirk Stolle, Gerhard Auer, Eric Weingart, Dominik Al-Sabbagh, Markus Ostermann, and Christian Adam. "Recycling of blast-furnace sludge by thermochemical treatment with spent iron(II) chloride solution from steel pickling." Journal of Hazardous Materials 402 (January 2021): 123511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123511.

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Zhao, Shizhen, Bo Liu, Yunji Ding, Junjie Zhang, Quan Wen, Christian Ekberg, and Shengen Zhang. "Study on glass-ceramics made from MSWI fly ash, pickling sludge and waste glass by one-step process." Journal of Cleaner Production 271 (October 2020): 122674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122674.

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43

Ito, Masahiko, Rinso Tachibana, Katsuji Fukushima, Yoshikazu Seino, Akira Yamamoto, and Yoshikazu Kawabata. "Characteristics and Production Mechanism of Sulfuric Acid and Nitric-Hydrofluoric Acid Pickling Sludge Produced in Manufacture of Stainless Steel." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 31, no. 4 (1998): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.31.589.

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44

Su, Peidong, Junke Zhang, and Yadong Li. "Investigation of chemical associations and leaching behavior of heavy metals in sodium sulfide hydrate stabilized stainless steel pickling sludge." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 123 (March 2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.01.001.

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45

Zeng, Bizhen, Yanhong Jiang, Zhenxiang Pan, Liguo Shen, and Hongjun Lin. "Feasibility and optimization of a novel upflow denitrification reactor using denitrifying granular sludge for nitric acid pickling wastewater treatment." Bioresource Technology 384 (September 2023): 129271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129271.

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46

Cao, Shan, Bao Zhen Cheng, Hai Li Zhang, and Guo Wei Geng. "Application of CRBD to Reducing Pollution of Leather Tanning Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.593.

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Trivalent chrome has an abroad application in the area of leather tanning, electrolytic plating and dyeing due to the strong capability of coordination. Pollution caused by chrome salts cannot be ignored. This paper proved that the chrome tanning wastewater can be treatment by chrome chelates (CRBD). The supernatant was reused in washing and pickling process and chromium sludge was utilized to make regeneration chrome-tanning agents; which all not only protect the environment but also save production cost. A series of experiment results showed that SO42-and oil contents increased slightly as well as Cl-content decreased when the tanning wastewater recycled several times. The total chrome content was up but the influence evaluated by the finish leather was not evident. Items of wet-blue leather and finish leather were tested such as shrinkage temperature, Cr2O3in the leather, softness, fullness and so on. In the meantime, the physical and mechanical properties of the finish leather were not less than the common tanning method. Besides, the leather rate significantly increased when the regenerative chrome-tanning agent was used on retanning process.

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Li, Guanghui, Jian Wang, Mingjun Rao, Jun Luo, Xin Zhang, Jingxiang You, Zhiwei Peng, and Tao Jiang. "Coprocessing of Stainless-Steel Pickling Sludge with Laterite Ore via Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace Route: Enhanced Desulfurization and Metal Recovery." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 142 (October 2020): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.06.014.

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48

Wang, Hong-Yang, Guo-Hua Zhang, and Kuo-Chih Chou. "Preparation of Low-Carbon and Low-Sulfur Fe-Cr-Ni-Si Alloy by Using CaSO4-Containing Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 51, no. 5 (August 3, 2020): 2057–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01922-9.

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49

Shen, Hanlin, Bo Liu, Zhisheng Shi, Shizhen Zhao, Junjie Zhang, and Shengen Zhang. "Reduction for heavy metals in pickling sludge with aluminum nitride in secondary aluminum dross by pyrometallurgy, followed by glass ceramics manufacture." Journal of Hazardous Materials 418 (September 2021): 126331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126331.

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50

Singhal, Anupam, Satya Prakash, and V. K. Tewari. "Trials on sludge of lime treated spent liquor of pickling unit for use in the cement concrete and its leaching characteristics." Building and Environment 42, no. 1 (January 2007): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.08.029.

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