Relevant bibliographies by topics / Picarro

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Academic literature on the topic 'Picarro'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Picarro"

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Yang, Mingxi, John Prytherch, Elena Kozlova, Margaret J. Yelland, Deepulal Parenkat Mony, and Thomas G. Bell. "Comparison of two closed-path cavity-based spectrometers for measuring air–water CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes by eddy covariance." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2016): 5509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5509-2016.

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Abstract. In recent years several commercialised closed-path cavity-based spectroscopic instruments designed for eddy covariance flux measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapour (H2O) have become available. Here we compare the performance of two leading models – the Picarro G2311-f and the Los Gatos Research (LGR) Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyzer (FGGA) at a coastal site. Both instruments can compute dry mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 based on concurrently measured H2O, temperature, and pressure. Additionally, we used a high throughput Nafion dryer to physically remove H2O from the Picarro airstream. Observed air–sea CO2 and CH4 fluxes from these two analysers, averaging about 12 and 0.12 mmol m−2 day−1 respectively, agree within the measurement uncertainties. For the purpose of quantifying dry CO2 and CH4 fluxes downstream of a long inlet, the numerical H2O corrections appear to be reasonably effective and lead to results that are comparable to physical removal of H2O with a Nafion dryer in the mean. We estimate the high-frequency attenuation of fluxes in our closed-path set-up, which was relatively small ( ≤ 10 %) for CO2 and CH4 but very large for the more polar H2O. The Picarro showed significantly lower noise and flux detection limits than the LGR. The hourly flux detection limit for the Picarro was about 2 mmol m−2 day−1 for CO2 and 0.02 mmol m−2 day−1 for CH4. For the LGR these detection limits were about 8 and 0.05 mmol m−2 day−1. Using global maps of monthly mean air–sea CO2 flux as reference, we estimate that the Picarro and LGR can resolve hourly CO2 fluxes from roughly 40 and 4 % of the world's oceans respectively. Averaging over longer timescales would be required in regions with smaller fluxes. Hourly flux detection limits of CH4 from both instruments are generally higher than the expected emissions from the open ocean, though the signal to noise of this measurement may improve closer to the coast.
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Mouat, Asher P., Zelda A. Siegel, and Jennifer Kaiser. "Evaluation of Aeris mid-infrared absorption (MIRA), Picarro CRDS (cavity ring-down spectroscopy) G2307, and dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-based sampling for long-term formaldehyde monitoring efforts." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17, no. 7 (April 8, 2024): 1979–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1979-2024.

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Abstract. Current formaldehyde (HCHO) measurement networks rely on the TO-11A offline chemical derivatization technique, which can be resource intensive and limited in temporal resolution. In this work, we evaluate the field performance of three new commercial instruments for continuous in situ formaldehyde monitoring: the Picarro cavity ring-down spectroscopy G2307 gas concentration analyzer and Aeris Technologies' mid-infrared absorption Pico and Ultra gas analyzers. All instruments require regular drift correction, which is accomplished through instrument zeroing using dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-coated cartridges, Drierite, or molecular sieves, while heated Hopcalite failed to remove all incoming HCHO. We show that a modified precision estimate accounting for regular instrument zeroing results in values of 0.09, 0.20, and 0.22 ppb at a 20 min integration time for the G2307, Ultra, and Pico, respectively. After applying standard addition and dynamic dilution calibrations, all instruments agreed within 13 % and were well correlated with each other (all r ≥ 0.90). TO-11A HCHO observations resulted in a normalized mean bias of −58 % compared to co-located Picarro G2307 measurements (r=0.62, slope = 0.38, int = 0.07 ppb HCHO). Using a 6-month deployment period in the Atlanta metropolitan area, we determined that the Picarro G2307 and Aeris units have sufficient accuracy and precision to capture the Atlanta spatial HCHO gradient. We find that midday HCHO concentrations have decreased by 22.3 % since 1999 in the city's urban core, and DNPH measurements at a nearby Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station (PAMS) site show a greater decrease of 53 %.
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Schneider, M., Y. González, C. Dyroff, E. Christner, A. Wiegele, S. Barthlott, O. E. García, et al. "Empirical validation and proof of added value of MUSICA's tropospheric δD remote sensing products." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 7 (July 14, 2014): 6917–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-6917-2014.

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Abstract. The project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) integrates tropospheric water vapour isototopologue remote sensing and in-situ observations. This paper presents a first empirical validation of MUSICA's H2O and δD remote sensing products (generated from ground-based FTIR, Fourier Transform InfraRed, spectrometer and space-based IASI, Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, observation). As reference we use well calibrated in-situ measurements made aboard an aircraft (between 200 and 6800 m a.s.l.) by the dedicated ISOWAT instrument and on the island of Tenerife at two different altitudes (at Izaña, 2370 m a.s.l., and at Teide, 3550 m a.s.l.) by two commercial Picarro L2120-i water isotopologue analysers. The comparison to the ISOWAT profile measurements shows that the remote sensors can well capture the variations in the water vapour isotopologues and the scatter with respect to the in-situ references suggests a δD random uncertainty for the FTIR product of much better than 45‰ in the lower troposphere and of about 15‰ for the middle troposphere. For the middle tropospheric IASI δD product the study suggests a respective uncertainty of about 15‰. In addition, we find indications for a positive δD bias in the remote sensing products. The δD data are scientifically interesting only if they add information to the H2O observations. We are able to qualitatively demonstrate the added value of the MUSICA δD remote sensing data by comparing δD-vs.-H2O curves. First, we show that the added value of δD as seen in the Picarro data is similarly seen in FTIR data measured in coincidence. Second, we document that the δD-vs.-H2O curves obtained from the different in-situ and remote sensing data sets (ISOWAT, Picarro at Izaña and Teide, FTIR, and IASI) consistently identify two different moisture transport pathways to the subtropical north eastern Atlantic free troposphere.
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Tian, Shasha, Kexin Zu, Huabin Dong, Limin Zeng, Keding Lu, and Qi Chen. "Colorimetric derivatization of ambient ammonia (NH3) for detection by long-path absorption photometry." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 22 (November 18, 2023): 5525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5525-2023.

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Abstract. In the last few decades, various techniques, including spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, chemiluminescence and wet chemical methods, have been developed and applied for the detection of gaseous ammonia (NH3). We developed an online NH3 monitoring system – salicylic acid derivatization reaction and long-path absorption photometer (SAC-LOPAP) – based on a selective colorimetric reaction to form a highly absorbing reaction product and a LOPAP, which could run stably for a long time and be applied to the continuous online measurement of low concentrations of ambient NH3 by optimizing the reaction conditions, adding a constant-temperature module and liquid flow controller. The detection limit reached with this instrument was 40.5 parts per trillion (ppt) with a stripping liquid flow rate of 0.49 mL min−1 and a gas sample flow rate of 0.70 L min−1. An inter-comparison of our system with a commercial Picarro G2103 analyzer (Picarro, USA) in Beijing was presented, and the results showed that the two instruments had a good correlation with a slope of 1.00 and an R2 of 0.96, indicating that the SAC-LOPAP instrument involved in this study could be used for the accurate measurement of NH3.
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Nemuc, Anca, Andreea Boscornea, Livio Belegante, Jeni Vasilescu, Sorin Vajaiac, Dragos Ene, Luminita Marmureanu, and Simona Andrei. "Ground based and airborne atmospheric measurements near bucharest." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 08009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817608009.

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This paper presents the results from a coordinated approach for atmospheric investigation, exploring synergies between different techniques. A wide range of instruments have been used during an intensive measurement period both from ground (lidar, sunphotometer, aethalometer and Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor) and airborne (aerodynamic particle sizer, the Picarro gas analyzer and the NO2 CAPS analyzer) in 2016 over Magurele, 6 km South West of Bucharest.
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Zhuang, Shaojie, Eva Brusselman, Bart Sonck, and Peter Demeyer. "Validation of Five Gas Analysers for Application in Ammonia Emission Measurements at Livestock Houses According to the VERA Test Protocol." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155034.

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Ammonia emissions are an important issue in livestock production. Many mitigation measures have been proposed in order to reduce the environmental impact of livestock farms, and reliable field measurements are required to evaluate the amount of released or reduced ammonia while applying these measures. Following the guideline of the Verification of Environmental Technologies for Agricultural Production test protocol, five commercially available gas analysers, i.e., INNOVA 1314, Picarro G2103, Rosemount CT5100, Gasmet CX4000, and Axetris LGD F200-A, were validated as alternative methods to the wet-chemistry method (reference method) for measuring ammonia in livestock houses. High correlations ( r > 0.99 ) were found between the analysers and the reference method. The measurement errors of the tested analysers were below 2 ppmv or 10%. Equivalence to the wet-chemistry method was demonstrated for the INNOVA and Rosemount analysers without a recalibration and for the Picarro and Axetris analysers with a recalibration. The Gasmet analyser was seemingly subjected to an interference from carbon-dioxide and, after compensating for the cross-sensitivity, the equivalence to the wet-chemistry method could also be demonstrated. Calibration curves that were based on a certified gas cylinder were inconsistent with that based on wet-chemistry measurements, which suggested that field calibration might be necessary for optimal measurement accuracy.
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Tsai, Tracy R., Kendrick Du, and Bill Stavropoulos. "New system for detecting, mapping, monitoring, quantifying and reporting fugitive gas emissions." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16098.

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Coal seam gas (CSG) is an abundant energy source that’s been portrayed as having a lower Greenhouse Gas footprint than coal, but there have been concerns that fugitive emissions may be larger than estimated. Fugitive emissions associated with CSG development are engineered release points (valves and vents etc.) and unintentional equipment leaks. Various gas detection technologies are utilised across the industry that are effective at detecting large emissions sources in close proximity, but they are difficult to scale up to the large size needed for the CSG industry. We’ll present a summary of a trial utilising a new mobile methane detection and emission quantification system: the Picarro EQ (Emissions Quantification). After driving this instrument around CSG infrastructure, Picarro’s cloud-based analytics generate a map of methane measurements and emissions with wind indicators pointing to likely sources. Since all measurements are on a secure cloud-based service, any authorised operator can log into it to run reports and analytics. This system has been used to make measurements in the Barnett Shale, United States. We present results and demonstrate its usage within an operational CSG area to quantify and identify emissions from CSG infrastructure.
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Dickinson, Dane, Samuel Bodé, and Pascal Boeckx. "System for <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C–CO<sub>2</sub> and <i>x</i>CO<sub>2</sub> analysis of discrete gas samples by cavity ring-down spectroscopy." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 11 (November 22, 2017): 4507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4507-2017.

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Abstract. A method was devised for analysing small discrete gas samples (50 mL syringe) by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Measurements were accomplished by inletting 50 mL syringed samples into an isotopic-CO2 CRDS analyser (Picarro G2131-i) between baseline readings of a reference air standard, which produced sharp peaks in the CRDS data feed. A custom software script was developed to manage the measurement process and aggregate sample data in real time. The method was successfully tested with CO2 mole fractions (xCO2) ranging from < 0.1 to > 20 000 ppm and δ13C–CO2 values from −100 up to +30 000 ‰ in comparison to VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). Throughput was typically 10 samples h−1, with 13 h−1 possible under ideal conditions. The measurement failure rate in routine use was ca. 1 %. Calibration to correct for memory effects was performed with gravimetric gas standards ranging from 0.05 to 2109 ppm xCO2 and δ13C–CO2 levels varying from −27.3 to +21 740 ‰. Repeatability tests demonstrated that method precision for 50 mL samples was ca. 0.05 % in xCO2 and 0.15 ‰ in δ13C–CO2 for CO2 compositions from 300 to 2000 ppm with natural abundance 13C. Long-term method consistency was tested over a 9-month period, with results showing no systematic measurement drift over time. Standardised analysis of discrete gas samples expands the scope of application for isotopic-CO2 CRDS and enhances its potential for replacing conventional isotope ratio measurement techniques. Our method involves minimal set-up costs and can be readily implemented in Picarro G2131-i and G2201-i analysers or tailored for use with other CRDS instruments and trace gases.
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Cai, Qixiang, Pengfei Han, Guang Pan, Chi Xu, Xiaoyu Yang, Honghui Xu, Dongde Ruan, and Ning Zeng. "Evaluation of Low-Cost CO2 Sensors Using Reference Instruments and Standard Gases for Indoor Use." Sensors 24, no. 9 (April 23, 2024): 2680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24092680.

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CO2 monitoring is important for carbon emission evaluation. Low-cost and medium-precision sensors (LCSs) have become an exploratory direction for CO2 observation under complex emission conditions in cities. Here, we used a calibration method that improved the accuracy of SenseAir K30 CO2 sensors from ±30 ppm to 0.7–4.0 ppm for a CO2-monitoring instrument named the SENSE-IAP, which has been used in several cities, such as in Beijing, Jinan, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, and Wuhan, in China since 2017. We conducted monthly to yearly synchronous observations using the SENSE-IAP along with reference instruments (Picarro) and standard gas to evaluate the performance of the LCSs for indoor use with relatively stable environments. The results show that the precision and accuracy of the SENSE-IAP compared to the standard gases were rather good in relatively stable indoor environments, with the short-term (daily scale) biases ranging from −0.9 to 0.2 ppm, the root mean square errors (RMSE) ranging from 0.7 to 1.6 ppm, the long-term (monthly scale) bias ranging from −1.6 to 0.5 ppm, and the RMSE ranging from 1.3 to 3.2 ppm. The accuracy of the synchronous observations with Picarro was in the same magnitude, with an RMSE of 2.0–3.0 ppm. According to our evaluation, standard instruments or reliable standard gases can be used as a reference to improve the accuracy of the SENSE-IAP. If calibrated daily using standard gases, the bias of the SENSE-IAP can be maintained within 1.0 ppm. If the standard gases are hard to access frequently, we recommend a calibration frequency of at least three months to maintain an accuracy within 3 ppm.
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Schneider, M., Y. González, C. Dyroff, E. Christner, A. Wiegele, S. Barthlott, O. E. García, et al. "Empirical validation and proof of added value of MUSICA's tropospheric δD remote sensing products." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-483-2015.

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Abstract. The project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) integrates tropospheric water vapour isotopologue remote sensing and in situ observations. This paper presents a first empirical validation of MUSICA's H2O and δD remote sensing products, generated from ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), spectrometer and space-based IASI (infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer) observation. The study is made in the area of the Canary Islands in the subtropical northern Atlantic. As reference we use well calibrated in situ measurements made aboard an aircraft (between 200 and 6800 m a.s.l.) by the dedicated ISOWAT instrument and on the island of Tenerife at two different altitudes (at Izaña, 2370 m a.s.l., and at Teide, 3550 m a.s.l.) by two commercial Picarro L2120-i water isotopologue analysers. The comparison to the ISOWAT profile measurements shows that the remote sensors can well capture the variations in the water vapour isotopologues, and the scatter with respect to the in situ references suggests a δD random uncertainty for the FTIR product of much better than 45‰ in the lower troposphere and of about 15‰ for the middle troposphere. For the middle tropospheric IASI δD product the study suggests a respective uncertainty of about 15‰. In both remote sensing data sets we find a positive δD bias of 30–70‰. Complementing H2O observations with δD data allows moisture transport studies that are not possible with H2O observations alone. We are able to qualitatively demonstrate the added value of the MUSICA δD remote sensing data. We document that the δD–H2O curves obtained from the different in situ and remote sensing data sets (ISOWAT, Picarro at Izaña and Teide, FTIR, and IASI) consistently identify two different moisture transport pathways to the subtropical north eastern Atlantic free troposphere.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Picarro"

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Keita, Seny. "Comportement des gaz dans des ouvrages souterrains fermés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS385.

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Le stockage en couche géologique profonde est considéré aujourd’hui comme une référence à l’international pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs. Dans le cadre de l’étude de faisabilité d’un tel stockage en France, un laboratoire de recherche souterrain a été construit par l’agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (Andra) en Meuse/Haute-Marne. Dans ce contexte, tous les échanges gazeux et l’évolution de la chimie de l’air dans les ouvrages souterrains, galeries, micro-tunnels (alvéoles) et forages, doivent être compris. Le défi technologique est de suivre en continu une large gamme de molécules gazeuses à de faibles concentrations dans ces espaces confinés. Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur le comportement des gaz dans des ouvrages souterrains fermés et s’inscrivent dans cette problématique. Une station de surveillance de gaz nommée "Flair soil™" autonome a été conçue dans le but de réaliser un suivi in situ, en continu et en temps réel de l’évolution de la composition du gaz dans différents ouvrages, galeries et micro-tunnels du laboratoire souterrain de Bure. Ce dispositif est composé de deux analyseurs de concentrations de gaz. i) un spectromètre de masse quadripolaire dont le principe consiste à séparer les espèces gazeuses dans un mélange de gaz en fonction de leur rapport masse (m) sur charge (z). Il permet de suivre l'évolution de plusieurs espèces de gaz telles que les hydrocarbures légers, les gaz nobles, les gaz à effet de serre, l’oxygène, l’hydrogène, l’azote, le monoxyde de carbone et le sulfure d’hydrogène. ii) un spectroscope laser infrarouge (Picarro) dont le principe consiste à introduire un échantillon de gaz dans une cavité optique et à déterminer l’absorbance optique de l’échantillon, fournissant ainsi des mesures simultanées des concentrations en CO2, CO et CH4. Après plusieurs mois de tests et calibrations dans le laboratoire souterrain, cette station a été utilisée pour des suivis de l’air d’une galerie et de plusieurs micro-tunnels fermés. Les résultats du suivi de l’évolution des gaz dans une galerie souterraine sur 4 mois ont conduit à mettre en évidence des évolutions différentes des gaz selon deux périodes : i) une période où les galeries sont ventilées et où l’activité humaine est importante (jours ouvrés) et ii) une période où les galeries ne sont pas ventilées et où il n’y a aucune activité humaine (weekends, jours fériés et/ou vacances). Ces observations permettent de mettre en exergue les sources et puits de trois gaz (CO2, CO et CH4) dans ces ouvrages. En effet, les gaz peuvent être consommés ou produits par plusieurs processus se produisant dans le Laboratoire de Recherche Souterrain, comme le dégazage du CO, du CO2 et du CH4 à partir de l'eau interstitielle de la roche, l'apport par la ventilation et la production par l’activité humaine, la production de CO ou de CO2 dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs d’engins thermiques, la consommation de CO2 par la carbonatation du béton. Les suivis des gaz dans les micro-tunnels complètent les informations sur les échanges de gaz entre la roche, l’atmosphère de ces ouvrages et leur chemisage en acier. Ici, des teneurs de quelques ppm de dihydrogène produit par la corrosion anoxique de l’acier ont été détectées. Le suivi de la composition du gaz dans les ouvrages du laboratoire souterrain de Meuse/Haute-Marne révèle des processus complexes affectant les espèces de gaz dans les galeries et les micro-tunnels. Nos résultats montrent que les échanges de gaz avec le Callovo-Oxfordien et les matériaux présents jouent un rôle important dans la compréhension du bilan gazeux global. Les matériaux cimentaires agissent comme un puits de CO2, tandis que la roche argileuse est une source de CO2, CO et CH4. Grâce à ces suivis, la présence de CO dans ces ouvrages souterrains a été quantifiée pour la première fois. Il reste cependant à affiner la compréhension des processus de production et de consommation de ce gaz dans ce contexte
The deep geological repository is today considered the international reference for radioactive waste management. As part of the feasibility study for such a repository in France, an Underground Research Laboratory has been built by the French national radioactive waste management agency (Andra) in Meuse/Haute-Marne. In this context, gas exchanges and the evolution of air chemistry in underground structures - galleries, micro-tunnels (alveoli) and boreholes - need to be understood. The technological challenge is to continuously monitor a wide range of gaseous molecules at low concentrations in confined spaces. The work in this thesis concerns the behavior of gases in closed underground structures, and is part of this problematic. A gas monitoring station called "Flair soil™" has been developed for continuous, real-time, in situ monitoring of gas composition evolution in several structures, galleries and micro-tunnels in the Bure underground laboratory. The station includes two complementary gas concentration analyzers. i) a quadrupole mass spectrometer, which separates gaseous species in a gas mixture according to their mass (m) to charge (z) ratio. It can be used to monitor the evolution of several gas species, such as light hydrocarbons, noble gases, greenhouse gases, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. ii) an infrared laser spectroscope (Picarro) based on the principle of introducing a gas sample into an optical cavity and determining the optical absorbance of the sample, allowing simultaneous measurement of CO2, CO and CH4 concentrations. After several months of testing and calibration in the underground laboratory, this station was used to monitor the air in a gallery and several closed micro-tunnels. The results of monitoring gas evolution in an underground gallery over a period of 4 months have highlighted different gas evolutions according to two periods: i) a period when the galleries are ventilated and there is significant human activity (working days) and ii) a period when the galleries are not ventilated and there is no human activity (weekends, holidays and/or vacations). These observations highlight the sources and sinks of three gases (CO2, CO and CH4) in these structures. In fact, the gases can be consumed or produced by several processes occurring in the Underground Research Laboratory, such as the degassing of CO, CO2 and CH4 from the pore water in the rock, the supply by ventilation and production by human activity, the production of CO or CO2 in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, and the consumption of CO2 by the carbonation of concrete. Gas monitoring in micro-tunnels supplements information on gas exchange between rock, atmosphere and steel casing. Here, levels of a few ppm of dihydrogen produced by anoxic corrosion of the steel were detected. Monitoring gas composition in the Meuse/Haute-Marne underground laboratory reveals complex processes affecting gas species in galleries and micro-tunnels. Our results show that gas exchanges with the Callovo-Oxfordian and the materials present play an important role in understanding the overall gas balance. The cementitious materials act as a CO2 sink, while the clay rock is a source of CO2, CO and CH4. Thanks to this monitoring, the presence of CO in these underground structures has been quantified for the first time. However, we still need to refine our understanding of how this gas is produced and consumed in this context
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Magnani, Cecilia. "Monitoraggio di CO2 e CH4 presso il "Centro aeronautica militare di montagna" sulla vetta del Monte Cimone." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17680/.

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Questo elaborato di tesi si concentra sull’analisi del complesso lavoro di monitoraggio e studio dei gas ad effetto serra, in particolare anidride carbonica (CO2) e metano (CH4), effettuato dal CAMM (Centro Aeronautica Militare di Montagna), stazione operativa del Servizio Meteorologico dell’Aeronautica Militare di Sestola (Mo). Tramite un particolare Greenhouse Gas Analyzer, il PICARRO G2301, che sfrutta la tecnologia CRDS (Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy), viene garantito il monitoraggio delle sole caratteristiche spettrali di interesse. La CRDS è una tecnica basata su un principio di misurazione della velocità di decadimento esponenziale dell’intensità luminosa di un laser all’interno di una cavità anulare. Gli studi effettuati a questo proposito risultano fondamentali in un contesto climatico, ma anche sociale e politico, attualmente critico. L’aumento delle concentrazioni di gas serra, influenzato dalle sorgenti di natura antropica, è un fattore determinante dell’aumento dell’effetto serra e quindi del conseguente incremento della temperatura media globale, che potrebbe condurre ad ingenti conseguenze climatiche. Il CAMM è la seconda stazione al mondo ritenuta di rilevanza globale dall’Organizzazione Meteorologica Mondiale, all’interno del programma GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch); dal 1979 la stazione effettua misure a campionamento continuo delle concentrazioni di anidride carbonica, possiede quindi 40 anni di misure che compongo la più lunga serie storica d’Europa, da cui si può dedurre in maniera evidente il costante progressivo aumento della concentrazione di tale gas nell’atmosfera. Dagli ultimi risultati, in particolare, il tasso di crescita annuale per il Monte Cimone risulta superiore a 1.81 ppm/anno, andamento sovrapponibile ai relativi dati registrati dalle altre stazioni del GAW, conferma dell’estrema valenza e rappresentatività globale della stazione.
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Brunner, Kathleen. "Picasso rewriting Picasso : poetry and plays, 1935-1959." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268056.

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McCrea, Patrick Sean. "Grand Illusions; Elusive Facts| The Survival of Regional Languages in France Despite 'Their Programmed Demise'| Picard in Picardy and Provencal in Provence." Thesis, Tulane University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10608347.

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This dissertation studies the survival, or resistance, of regional languages in France through the use of two case studies: Picard in Picardy and Provençal in Provence. In order to create the French nation, the revolutionaries of 1789 decided upon the necessity of political unity. In order to facilitate, or to create, this unity, the cultural provinces were abolished and generic départements were created in their stead. However, when political unity did not occur immediately after the territorial change, the revolutionaries determined that national unity, both political and cultural, would be attained through the imposition of the French language. It was thus language that was deemed to be the greatest separating factor of the French at this period. In 1794, Abbé Grégoire called for the “programmed demise” of the regional languages through education in and of French. While this program was not officially enacted until the Third Republic (1870–1914), due to numerous factors, these languages were supposed to have died long ago. While their numbers of speakers have decreased, and there are no longer any monolingual regional language speakers, they still exist. How is this fact possible? Despite explanations attributed to enduring diglossia, the extended process of language shift or time itself, this study focuses on regional identity and posits that the durable bond between regional identity and language is the explanation.

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Persson, Linus, and Natalija Zivanovic. "Picasso : CNC plotter." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230244.

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In today’s society, CNC machines are used for various purposes.In this project, a CNC plotter is created to analyzehow the performance of the plotter differs when using twodifferent motors: a DC motor controlled by a potentiometerin the horizontal direction and a stepper motor in thevertical direction. A CNC plotter is built and used to dotests in order to answer the research question. The resultsshow that a DC motor with a potentiometer is more precisethan a stepper motor and the mean value of the relative errorsin the vertical direction is always higher. The valuesdiffer with 1 percentage point to 3 percentage points. Thedifference in the performance of the two motors depend onseveral factors and one of the main factors is considered tobe the fact that the stepper motor sometimes skips steps.
I dagens samhälle används CNC-maskiner för olika ändamål.I detta projekt skapades en CNC-plotter för att analyserahur plotterns prestanda skiljer sig vid användning avtvå olika motorer: en DC motor kontrollerad av en potentiometeri horisontell riktning och en stegmotor i vertikalriktning. En CNC-plotter byggdes och användes för genomförandeav tester för att kunna svara på forskningsfrågan.Resultaten visar att en DC motor med en potentiometer ärmer exakt än en stegmotor och medelvärdet av de relativafelen i vertikala riktningen är alltid högre. Värdena skiljersig från 1 procentenhet till 3 procentenheter. Skillnaden iprestanda för de två motorerna beror på flera faktorer ochen av huvudfaktorerna anses vara det faktum att stegmotornibland hoppar över steg.
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PERSSON, LINUS, and NATALIJA ZIVANOVIC. "Picasso : CNC plotter." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233002.

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In today’s society, CNC machines are used for various purposes. In this project, a CNC plotter is created to analyze how the performance of the plotter differs when using two different motors: a DC motor controlled by a potentiometer in the horizontal direction and a stepper motor in the vertical direction. A CNC plotter is built and used to do tests in order to answer the research question. The results show that a DC motor with a potentiometer is more precise than a stepper motor and the mean value of the relative errors in the vertical direction is always higher. The values differ with 1 percentage point to 3 percentage points. The difference in the performance of the two motors depend on several factors and one of the main factors is considered to be the fact that the stepper motor sometimes skips steps.
I dagens samhälle används CNC-maskiner för olika ändamål. I detta projekt skapades en CNC-plotter för att analysera hur plotterns prestanda skiljer sig vid användning av två olika motorer: en DC motor kontrollerad av en potentiometer i horisontell riktning och en stegmotor i vertikal riktning. En CNC-plotter byggdes och användes för genomförande av tester för att kunna svara på forskningsfrågan. Resultaten visar att en DC motor med en potentiometer är mer exakt än en stegmotor och medelvärdet av de relativa felen i vertikala riktningen är alltid högre. Värdena skiljer sig från 1 procentenhet till 3 procentenheter. Skillnaden i prestanda för de två motorerna beror på flera faktorer och en av huvudfaktorerna anses vara det faktum att stegmotorn ibland hoppar över steg.
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Holloway, Memory Ann. "Pablo Picasso : Suite 347." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306926.

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Amrane, Malika. "Picasso et le mouvement." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100135.

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L’expression du mouvement dans l’art est un problème ancien. Les discutions ne cessent de s’alimenter sur cette question. Depuis un demi-siècle, les artistes ont eu le mérite d’avoir compris qu’à la conception d’un monde statique se substitue peu à peu celle d’un monde dynamique. Mais si leur mérite est de l’avoir compris, leur gloire vient de ce qu’ils mettent tout en œuvre pour accorder notre conscience à la réalité. La peinture et la sculpture sont une invitation à découvrir les incroyables richesses du monde visible en faisant appel à notre participation active. Car dans les formes immobiles, c’est notre regard qui découvre les mouvements grâce aux significations que nous révèlent l’artiste certes, mais l’attitude du spectateur reste fondamentale dans la perception de la réalité visible d’une œuvre. Par sa longévité et sa richesse, le parcours de Pablo Picasso fait corps avec le XXème siècle. La présente thèse est centrée sur l’expression du mouvement dans ses peintures, ses sculptures et ses céramiques, cherchant à en souligner les spécificités et les facteurs de continuité à travers le temps. Comment un artiste peut-il rendre par une peinture ou une sculpture, œuvres statiques par excellence, une impression de mouvement ? Des œuvres de Picasso, il se dégage une énergie artistique, un puits de créativité et la recherche permanente et inconditionnelle d’une autonomie artistique. Et toutes ces qualités sont profondément imprégnées de sa personnalité. Les analyses plastiques ainsi que les données historiques et bibliographiques nous permettront de mettre en lumière les moyens utilisés par le maître pour exprimer visuellement le dynamisme, nourrissant ainsi sa pratique de l’art. Pratique qui nous amène à nous interroger sur l’apport particulier du mouvement en art et sur la perception qu’en a le spectateur
The expression of the movement in art is an old problem. Discussed do not cease feeding on this question. For one half-century, the artists have had the merit to have understood that the design of a static world little by little that of a dynamic world replaces. But if their merit is to have included/understood it, their glory comes from what they put all works about it to grant our conscience to reality. Painting and the sculpture are an invitation to discover the incredible richnesses of the visible world by calling upon our active participation. Because in the motionless forms, it is our glance which discovers the movements thanks to the significances that reveal certainly us the artist, but the attitude of the spectator remains fundamental in the perception of the visible reality of a work. By its longevity and its richness, the course of Pablo Picasso forms a unit with the XXème century. The present thesis is centered on the expression of the movement in its paintings, its sculptures and its ceramics, seeking to underline of them specificities and the factors of continuity through time. How an artist can return by a static painting or sculpture, works par excellence, an impression of movement? Works of Picasso, it releases an artistic energy, a well of creativity and the permanent and unconditional search for an artistic autonomy. And all these qualities are deeply impregnated of its personality. The plastic analyses as well as the historical and bibliographical data will enable us to clarify the means used by the Master to express the dynamism visually, thus nourishing its practice of art. Practical which leads us to question us on the particular contribution of the movement in art and on perception that the spectator has some
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Utley, Gertje R. "Picasso : the communist years /." New Haven : Yale university press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376408294.

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Doss, Joy M. "Aesthetic revolutionaries : Picasso and Joyce." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=379.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 80 p. including illustrations. Bibliography: p. 73-78. "Works cited": p. 67-72.
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Books on the topic "Picarro"

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Audi, Paul. Picasso picaro picador: Portrait de l'artiste en surmâle. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1998.

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Artel, Lili. Coyote picaro. [United States]: Alert Press, 1999.

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Picasso, Pablo. Picasso surreal =: Picasso surréliste = The Surrealist Picasso. Riehen: Fondation Beyeler, 2005.

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Yo! Picasso!: Beside Picasso. London: Oberon Books, 2002.

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Picasso-Dali, Dali-Picasso. St. Petersburg, FL: Salvador Dali Museum, Inc, 2014.

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Isabelle, Bréda, Picasso Pablo 1881-1973, and Musée Picasso (Paris France), eds. Picasso au Musée Picasso. Paris: Editions Scala, 1991.

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Javier, Costa Clavell, and Museo Picasso, eds. Picasso: Picasso Museum, Barcelona. 2nd ed. Barcelona: Escudo de Oro, 1985.

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Javier, Costa Clavell, and Museo Picasso, eds. Picasso: Picasso Museum, Barcelona. 7th ed. Barcelona: Escudo de Oro, 1992.

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Picasso, Pablo. Picasso keramiek =: Picasso ceramics. 's-Hertogenbosch [Netherlands]: Musuem Het Kruithuis, 1985.

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Robinson, Anette. Picasso au Musée Picasso. Paris: Editions Scala, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Picarro"

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Cernuschi, Claude. "Picasso." In Race, Anthropology, and Politics in the Work of Wifredo Lam, 10–38. New York: Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in art and race: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351187879-2.

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Marconi, Diego. "Naturalizing Picardi." In Eva Picardi on Language, Analysis and History, 319–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95777-7_15.

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Wild, Gerhard. "Picasso, Pablo." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_13591-1.

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VanTassel-Baska, Joyce, and Linda D. Avery. "Pablo Picasso." In Changing Tomorrow 2 Grades 6-8, 61–65. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003233619-16.

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Wilson, John. "Pablo Picasso." In The Faith of an Artist, 174–84. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003291282-16.

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Brauer, Fae. "Vitalist Picasso." In Vitalist Modernism, 105–31. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003045595-8.

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Reardon, Mark, and Seth Derner. "Picasso Moment." In Strategies for Great Teaching, 137–40. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003419389-29.

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Schnell, Anneliese, Richard A. Jarrell, Dorrit Hoffleit, Christoffel Waelkens, Thomas R. Williams, Thomas Nelson Winter, Narahari Achar, et al. "Picard, Jean." In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 903–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1088.

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"Picaro und Picara an den Grenzen des Sozialen." In Zwischen Tier und Mensch, 143–85. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783846754528_008.

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"Picaro Comedy." In Divine Film Comedies, 95–108. New York : Routledge, 2016. |: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315665870-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Picarro"

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Liepa, Sindija, Dace Butenaite, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, Kristaps Siltumens, and Inga Grinfelde. "EFFECT OF SOIL GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION AND MOISTURE ON THE FORMATION OF N2O ISOTOPES." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s19.24.

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of important greenhouse gas (GHG) whose main sources are agricultural soils. N2O forms in soil as a result of microbial processes, reinforced by the use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. This study will look at how the formation of N2O in soil is affected by soil moisture and soil granulometric composition. Soil N2O isotopes of ?15N? (central nitrogen position) and ?15N? (end nitrogen position) which could help to identify natural and anthropogenic sources of N2O emissions and the involvement of microorganisms in N2O production. N2O isotopes ?15NSP and ?15Nbulk can be traced or N2O produced by nitrification or denitrification. The study used total of 92 soil samples collected in 2020 and 2022. The study uses three types of agricultural soil with a different granulometric compositions. Soil from each agricultural plot was weighted into two samples, each of 1.5 kilograms to provide different humidity conditions � wet aerobic and wet anaerobic. The measurements were performed in a laboratory with the CRDS device Picarro G5131-i. The G5131-i analyzer measures nitrous oxide isotopes ?15N, ?15N?, ?15N?, and ?18O with an accuracy of 0.7 �, and N2O concentration with an accuracy of less than 0.05 ppb (all measurements are averaged over 10 minutes). The data processing did not use all the data obtained from the Picarro G5131-i, but was selected by evaluating the changes in N2O concentrations when the concentrations had stabilized. In this research, three types of soil were used, from which it can be concluded that the type of soil, its inherent physical properties and reaction to the moisture regime play an important role in the formation of N2O isotopes.
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Siltumens, Kristaps, Inga Grinfelde, Juris Burlakovs, Sindija Liepa, and Linda Grinberga. "Impacts of biocover composition on greenhouse gas emission." In Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.033.

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It is generally estimated that gas, which generates more than half of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from waste industries in landfills, is seen as a serious environmental problem worldwide. It is therefore essential to promote management methods to reduce GHG emissions from landfills as well as other sources. One way of achieving this is the usage of different types of biocover applied to them. The aim of this study is to clarify the impact of the biocover created on GHG emissions. An experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions that studied the effectiveness of biocover developed in the laboratory. Three experimental columns with a diameter of 160 mm and a height of 1500 mm were created. Active compost saturated with water at a thickness of 500 mm was used as a source of methane, a permeable layer of sand at a thickness of 300 mm was further formed and finally covered with biocover. Biocover represented 60% of fine-fraction waste, 20% of soil and 20% of compost. The experiment was launched on June 6, 2022, and the first measurements were made two weeks later. All measurements were performed with the CRDS gas measurement device Picarro G2508 (Picarro Inc., USA California). All data analysis was carried out using Descriptive statistics methods. The largest reduction in emissions is projected directly for methane emissions, as biocover technology is appropriate to reduce methane emissions. Other GHG emissions are also expected to be reduced. NH3 emission measurements were also carried out to investigate the impact of the biocover on it. This experiment shows that the biocover created is effective and can be composed of material that has already been served. The experiment is intended to continue to obtain long-term data on the development of biotransformation and to develop more promising approaches in the future to reduce GHG emissions from landfills.
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Valujeva, Kristine. "MEASUREMENT TIME ESTIMATION OF CO2, CH4, N2O AND NH3 IN CLOSED CHAMBERS AND RECIRCULATION SYSTEM WITH PICARRO G2508 ANALYSER." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/41/s19.066.

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Valujeva, Kristine, Inga Grinfelde, and Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva. "GHG EMISSION VARIABILITY FROM SOIL IN CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEM." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s19.28.

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Reducing GHG emissions from soil is crucial for mitigating climate change, promoting sustainable agriculture, protecting ecosystems and biodiversity, ensuring food security, and improving public health. The effectiveness of GHG mitigating strategies may vary depending on local conditions, soil type, and agricultural practices. It is recognized that conventional farming practices may lead to increased GHG emissions compared to more sustainable farming systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to research the GHG emission variability from conventionally managed soil. The soil flux of N2O, CH4 and CO2 was measured in three conventionally managed monitoring sites in the vegetation periods from 2018 to 2022 using a mobile spectrophotometer Picarro G2508. The average N2O emission at monitoring sites ranges from 4.1 to 6.6 g ha-1day-1, the average CO2 emission ranges from 73.8 to 122.3 kg ha-1day-1, but CH4 assimilation ranges from 1.7 to 5.1 g ha-1day-1. Transitioning to sustainable agricultural practices may help to mitigate the GHG emissions from soil while promoting soil health and long-term sustainability.
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Valujeva, Kristine, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, and Inga Grinfelde. "THE EFFECTS OF SOIL TILLAGE AND CROP ROTATION ON GHG EMISSIONS FROM CLAY SOIL: CASE STUDY FROM LATVIA." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s13.35.

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In order to reduce the impact of agricultural activity on global warming and promote sustainable land management, it is necessary to implement management practices that reduce GHG emissions from agriculture. Conventional soil tillage produces favorable conditions for the growth of seeds and plants, but it is an energy and labor-intensive method that alters the soil to an unfavorable condition, while reduced soil tillage decrease the use of energy resources, GHG emissions from the soils, and improves the soil quality. Reduced soil tillage and crop rotation have been proposed as a solution to decrease GHG emissions from soil, and to improve soil quality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to research the effect of two soil tillage treatments and crop rotation on the GHG emissions from clay soil in Latvia. In the vegetation periods from 2018 to 2022, we measured soil flux of N2O, CH4 and CO2 using a mobile spectrophotometer Picarro G2508 on a broad multifaceted field experiment with conventional and reduced tillage treatments. The results show that N2O emission from clay soil significantly differs between soil tillage treatments (p less than 0.05).
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Liepa, Sindija, Dace Butenaite, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, and Inga Grinfelde. "Use of isotopes for identification of N2O sources from soils." In Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.034.

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Natural processes and human activity play a crucial role in altering the nitrogen cycle and increasing nitrogen oxide (N2 O) emissions. Nitrous oxide isotopes 15N and 18O are important parameters that can help to explain the sources of N2 O gas, as well as their circulation under different soil physical properties. The main goal of the study is to analyze the possibilities of using dinitrogen isotopes 15N and 18O, measured in soil samples, for the identification of N2 O sources. A total of 16 plots were sampled. Each soil sample was assigned a code. Wetting of the samples was carried out to create wet aerobic conditions and wet anaerobic conditions. N2 O measurements were performed in laboratory conditions using the Picarro G5131-i device. The 15Nα and 15Nβ values obtained in the measurement data were used to calculate the δ15NSP and δ15Nbulk values. The obtained δ15NSP and δ15Nbul values were analysed using two methods – descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis test. The test showed that there are statistically significant differences between δ15NSP values (p-value <0.0001), and δ15Nbulk there was no significant difference (p-value 0.885).
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Butenaite, Dace, Sindija Liepa, Kristaps Siltumens, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, and Inga Grinfelde. "FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IMPACT ON N2O EMISSION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.34.

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Agricultural activities account for about a third of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Most of the GHG in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The aim of this study is to measure N2O isotopes in two differently managed agricultural soils. One soil is with organic farming and the other with conventional. Samples were collected in 32 experimental plots as well as a control plot. The samples are thus weighed in 3 l buckets, each 1.8 kg in total. Two samples were made from each plot so that they could have a different moisture regime. Moistening is designed for wet aerobic and wet anaerobic soil conditions. Information on changes in soil weight after soil wetting was also collected. Measurements for N2O isotopes were performed using a Picarro G5131-i instrument under laboratory conditions. The obtained data were collected and analysed. It was concluded that not all differences and interrelationships of the N2O isotope data obtained can be directly attributed to soil management. Differences between the effects of the microorganism population and the physical properties of the soil cannot be ruled out. The maximum value of ?15NSP value is 18.58 and the minimum value is -53.41. On the other hand, the maximum value of ?15Nbulk values is 26.76, and the minimum value is -56.97. In the conclusions, we get that both nitrification and denitrification dominate among cultures.
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Liepa, Sindija, Dace Butenaite, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, Kristaps Siltumens, and Inga Grinfelde. "FORMATION OF N2O ISOTOPES IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/4.1/s19.36.

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Agricultural activity accounts for two-thirds of the total anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions worldwide. Most of the N2O emissions from agricultural soils come from the use of inorganic fertilizers and/or manure. As agricultural activity intensifies worldwide, N2O emissions are currently increasing by 0.25% per year. In order to investigate the feedback of soil N2O emissions with changes in environmental conditions, an improved understanding based on the wider use of isotopic tracer methods is needed. The aim of this study is to find out the formation of N2O in agricultural soils, as well as to find out other significant influencing factors that influence the formation of isotopes. To perform the experiment in laboratory conditions, 16 mixed soil samples from different experimental plots were collected. The fields have different types of management, there are both conventional and organic fields. For each experimental plot, two soil samples were created with different moisture regimes, one container with normal moisture regime and the other with over moistened conditions, such soil regimes were chosen to create both moist aerobic and moist anaerobic conditions. Soil samples were also measured for ph. N2O isotope measurements were performed using a Picarro G5131-i instrument. Measurement data were collected, processed and further analyzed. The formation of N2O isotopes in the soil is influenced by several factors, both soil moisture and physical properties of the soil, soil ph. level and microbiological activity in the soil.
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Liepa, Sindija, Kristaps Siltumens, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, Inga Grinfelde, and Dace Butenaite. "INFLUENCE OF GROWN CULTURE ON N2O FORMATION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.40.

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Crop cultivation is beneficial for reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss, but there is conflicting information on how crop cultivation affects emissions of nitrogen dioxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Judicious selection of the cultivated crop in a plant succession is considered an effective approach to maintaining crop productivity. In this paper, we investigated the effects of cultivated crops on soil N2O emissions. Eight crops were used in this study: barley, buckwheat, clover, oats, potatoes, spring wheat, winter wheat and canola. Samples were collected in 32 experimental plots as well as a control plot. The samples are thus weighed in 3 l buckets, each 1.8 kg in total. Two samples were weighed from each plot to allow for different moisture regimes. Moistening is designed for wet aerobic and wet anaerobic soil conditions. Information on changes in soil weight after soil wetting was also collected. Measurements of N2O isotopes were performed using the Picarro G5131-i equipment in laboratory conditions. The obtained data were collected and analyzed. It was concluded that not all the obtained differences in N2O isotope data dispersion can be directly related to the cultivated crop, the physical properties of the soil, the use of fertilizers and the influence of the microorganism population cannot be excluded. The maximum value of ?15NSP value is 18.58 and the minimum value is -53.41. On the other hand, the maximum value of ?15Nbulk values is 26.76, and the minimum value is -56.97. In the conclusions, we get that both nitrification and denitrification dominate among cultures.
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Siltumens, Kristaps, Inga Grinfelde, Sindija Liepa, Juris Burlakovs, and Sabine Makejeva. "REDUCTION OF METHANE EMISSION FROM LANDFILLS WITH CELLULOSE IN BIOCOVER." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/4.1/s19.42.

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Global warming caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a global problem. Solid municipal waste landfills are the third largest source of artificial methane emissions. Methane is one of the greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. The net zero emissions target was set to strike a balance between emissions and anthropogenic GHG disposal by 2050. Methane emissions from active or closed landfills may be reduced by methane oxidation, which is developed as a coating over these landfills. Methane (CH4) is an important gas that causes greenhouse effects on Earth and has an atmospheric warming potential of 28 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2). The aim of this study is to find out whether cellulose in the biocover contributes to improving the performance of biocover and to decreasing methane emissions. An experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions that studied the effectiveness of biocover developed in the laboratory. Three experimental columns were created with a diameter of 160 mm and a height of 1500 mm. An active compost saturated with water at a thickness of 500 mm was used as a source of methane, a permeable layer of sand at a thickness of 300 mm was further applied and finally covered with biocover. The first biocover consisted of 50% of fine fraction waste, 50% of clay soil. The second biocover consisted of 40% of fine fraction waste, 40% of clay soil and 20% cellulose (shredded paper). Measurements were performed with the CRDS device, Picarro G2508. The measurements were taken weekly for 5 months.
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Reports on the topic "Picarro"

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Price, Donald. SM-403-148100-R01 Mineral Wells 2012 RAM Gas and Oil Leak Detection Field Study Results. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010851.

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In June 2012, the RAM Program conducted a comprehensive field study to evaluate the performance of current off the shelf sensor technologies for detecting gas and oil leaks on pipelines. This study had three key objectives: 1. Evaluate the capabilities of current technologies that are offered commercially for methane leak detection monitoring using standard pipeline patrol aircraft 2. Provide a test location for development of emerging technologies that are not yet commercially available for pipeline leak detection 3. Assess the feasibility of using airborne sensors to detect staged liquid oil leaks The field study was conducted on two of Enbridge�s operating pipelines located near Mineral Wells, Texas. This location provided realistic conditions for assessing the capabilities and limitations of automated sensor systems that are currently available for leak detection. Three airborne leak detection vendors (Lasen, Pergam, and New Era Technology), and one ground vehicle vendor (Picarro), completed the field study. The field study was performed as part of the 2012 PRCI RAM program that is primarily focused on leak detection technologies using aerial platforms. The study tested a range of sensors designed for gas leak detection using systems mounted on helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. Enbridge staged a series of controlled gas releases simulating pipeline gas leaks. Qualified operators released a series of prescribed natural gas leaks from 8 known locations along the pipelines in order to simulate transmission leaks of varying sizes. Additionally, Enbridge placed 8 liquid petroleum targets along the test pipelines. These gas and oil targets allowed for a direct comparison of technology performance against a known set of conditions. Standard leak patrol methods (ground survey with foot patrol) were also used to identify any emission sources other than the controlled releases. The results from the field study show that 3 of the 4 vendor sensor technologies tested are now feasible alternatives for gas leak detection. The findings for liquid leak detection were promising, but inconclusive due to plume overlaps between gas and oil targets. The sensors used by the vendors in this field test were optimized for detecting methane gas and not oil vapors. Therefore, until additional studies are performed on liquid hydrocarbon volatilization, it is premature to conclude that the tested technologies are or are not appropriate for oil leak detection.
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2

Junkins, John L. Picard Trajectory Approximation Iteration for Efficient Orbit Propagation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626629.

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Sawicki, Nicholas. Picasso at the Moderne Galerie: Notes from the Artist’s First Retrospective. Leonard A. Lauder Research Center for Modern Art, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57011/zlub4343.

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Blanco González, Félix. La estrategia que salvó la imagen de un alcalde. El desalojo de los niños del Colegio Picacho. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-64-2009-857-725-739.

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Venlet, Douglas J. Operational Art 101: A Primer from Picasso to the Persian Gulf. Creating a Masterpiece of Long-Standing Value. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada307763.

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Suite Vollard. Inter-American Development Bank, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005947.

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Hydrogeology of Picacho Basin, south-central Arizona. US Geological Survey, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri004277.

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Mineral resources of the Indian Pass and Picacho Peak Wilderness Study Areas, Imperial County, California. US Geological Survey, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1711a.

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