Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pianists – Wounds and injuries

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Pianists – Wounds and injuries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pianists – Wounds and injuries"

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Lee, Sang-Hie, Kenneth B. Hanks, and Joseph Schwartz. "Pianist's Rehabilitation: Three Cases." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2005.1006.

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Three pianists, each with academic and performing credentials, shared their experiences of physical problems, treatment, and rehabilitation. Preparing for solo performance puts an inordinate demand on mental and physical functioning and family life for the pianist in academia. Pianists, who must demonstrate technical and artistic prowess while teaching heavy loads, can easily overuse their piano-playing mechanisms by playing difficult works without proper conditioning and necessary rest. This can result in gradual or sudden bodily pain and incapacitation. Minor pains and injuries of the pianists profiled here were overcome by applying proper piano techniques. More serious injuries needed medical attention, alternative therapies, and combined management programs. With good health care and proper technical approach all three pianists resumed active performing life.
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Chen, Amy Y., Michael G. Stewart, and Glenn Raup. "Penetrating Injuries of the Face." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 115, no. 5 (November 1996): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989611500519.

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We reviewed 78 consecutive cases of penetrating facial injuries treated at Ben Taub General Hospital in Houston, Texas, between 1992 and 1994, and we analyzed injury patterns on the basis of (1) the mechanism of injury, and (2) the entry zone of the wounds. We found that gunshot wounds were more likely to require emergent airway establishment than shotgun wounds or stab wounds ( p = 0.03). We noted a higher prevalence of globe injury among shotgun wounds than among gunshot wounds ( p = 0.02). Nine (12%) patients had intracranial penetration of a bullet or shotgun pellet. Patients with gunshot wounds required open reduction and internal fixation of facial bone fractures more frequently than patients with shotgun wounds ( p = 0.01). Thirty patients underwent arteriograms, and 10 demonstrated positive findings. Although there were only 3 deaths in our series, 29 (37%) patients overall had some complication caused by their penetrating facial trauma, including blindness in 12 patients. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of complications between gunshot, shotgun, and stab wounds ( p = 0.18). With these injury patterns in mind, we describe an algorithm for evaluation and management of penetrating injuries of the face.
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Maslyakov, VV, EV Krjukov, VG Barsukov, KG Kurkin, PA Dorzhiev, and VR Gorbelik. "Heart injuries: main clinical symptoms." Laboratory diagnostics, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2019.003.

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Injuries to the heart are uncommon in peacetime, yet they result in life-threatening conditions, which makes timely diagnostics a crucial factor in saving patients' lives. In this connection, it is important to define the main signs of heart injuries. This study aimed to analyze the basic clinical symptoms associated with various wounds to the heart. We have retrospectively analyzed such symptoms registered in 86 patients with varying chest injuries that affect the heart. All patients were treated in the emergency surgery unit of the Engels Town Hospital from 1991 to 2017. 41 (47.6%) patient had stab wounds, and there were 45 (52.3%) cases of gunshot wounds. 23 (26.7%) patients had chest injuries affecting heart exclusively, while for 63 (73.2%) the consequences were wounds to other organs. We found that the clinical picture depends on the kind of injury to the heart: stab and slash wounds translate into more pronounced symptoms, while gunshot wounds do not produce such an effect. Accepting patients, practitioners should take this fact into account. The misdiagnosis rate for stab and slash heart wounds is 9.7%, that for gunshot wounds — 17.7%, the latter being the result of vagueness of the clinical picture. The clinical signs are most pronounced in the cases of stab and slash wounds to the heart.
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Shields, Nora, and Sara Dockrell. "The Prevalence of Injuries among Pianists in Music Schools in Ireland." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2000.4030.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of injuries among pianists in music schools in Ireland. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the anatomical locations of these injuries, the most commonly reported symptoms, and possible risk factors for the development of playing-related injuries. A hand-delivered questionnaire was distributed to 182 students from seven participating music schools. The lifetime prevalence for a playing-related injury, which prevented piano playing for a period of 48 hours or longer, was 25.8%. The wrist was the most common location of injury (36.6%). Pain was the most commonly reported symptom among the respondents. No statistically significant difference in the rate of injury was found between the genders. It was concluded that further research is required into the prevalence of injury and to the predisposing factors of injury so that effective prevention programs can be put in place.
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Winspur, Ian, and Katherine Butler. "Restoring Wrist Rotation in Injured Pianists and Violinists." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2009.2018.

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Wrist fractures are common injuries in musicians, and a number of these fractures heal in a mal-united position, interfering with wrist rotation. This can prevent musicians who play keyboard instruments and the smaller string instruments from assuming the required wrist positions. Resection of the distal ulna (Darrach procedure), while somewhat discredited for the general population, has proved to be the ideal operation for this problem in musicians and has been used successfully on five professional musicians. This procedure, the rationale for its use in musicians, and the important technical details are discussed.
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Maurin, Olga, Stanislas de Régloix, Stéphane Dubourdieu, Hugues Lefort, Stéphane Boizat, Benoit Houze, Jennifer Culoma, Guillaume Burlaton, and Jean-Pierre Tourtier. "Maxillofacial Gunshot Wounds." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 3 (April 14, 2015): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1500463x.

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AbstractThe majority of maxillofacial gunshot wounds are caused by suicide attempts. Young men are affected most often. When the lower one-third of the face is involved, airway patency (1.6% of the cases) and hemorrhage control (1.9% of the cases) are the two most urgent complications to monitor and prevent. Spinal fractures are observed with 10% of maxillary injuries and in 20% of orbital injuries. Actions to treat the facial gunshot victim need to be performed, keeping in mind spine immobilization until radiographic imaging is complete and any required spinal stabilization accomplished. Patients should be transported to a trauma center equipped to deal with maxillofacial and neurosurgery because 40% require emergency surgery. The mortality rate of maxillofacial injuries shortly after arrival at a hospital varies from 2.8% to 11.0%. Complications such as hemiparesis or cranial nerve paralysis occur in 20% of survivors. This case has been reported on a victim of four gunshot injuries. One of the gunshots was to the left mandibular ramus and became lodged in the C4 vertebral bone.MaurinO, de RégloixS, DubourdieuS, LefortH, BoizatS, HouzeB, CulomaJ, BurlatonG, TourtierJP. Maxillofacial gunshot wounds. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(3):14.
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de Rooster, H., O. Taeymans, H. van Bree, and M. Risselada. "Penetrating injuries in dogs and cats." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 21, no. 05 (2008): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-07-02-0019.

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SummaryThe objective of this retrospective study was to assess radiographical and surgical findings, surgical management and outcome of penetrating injuries in dogs and cats by evaluating patient records. Sixteen patients were identified (15 dogs and one cat), four with gunshot wounds, and 12 with fight wounds (11 with bite wounds, one struck by a claw). The thoracic cavity was affected in six patients, the abdominal cavity in three cases. Both cavities were affected in five dogs and the trachea in two cases. All of the patients with fight wounds were small breed dogs. Multiple injuries to internal organs that required intervention were found surgically after gunshot wounds and a high amount of soft tissue trauma requiring reconstruction was present after fight wounds. Radiography diagnosed body wall disruption in two cases. All of the affected thoracic body walls in the fight group had intercostal muscle disruptions which was diagnosed surgically. Fourteen patients survived until discharge and had a good outcome. In conclusion, penetrating injuries should be explored as they are usually accompanied by severe damage to either the internal organs or to the body wall. A high level of awareness is required to properly determine the degree of trauma of intercostal muscle disruption in thoracic fight wounds.
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Rein, Susanne, Tobias Fabian, Hans Zwipp, Jan Heineck, and Stephan Weindel. "The Influence of Profession on Functional Ankle Stability in Musicians." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2010.1005.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of extensive work-related use of the feet on functional ankle stability among musicians. METHODS: Thirty professional organists were compared to professional pianists and controls. All participants completed a questionnaire. Range of motion (ROM), peroneal reaction time, and positional sense tests of the ankle were measured. The postural balance control was investigated with the Biodex Stability System for the stable level 8 and unstable level 2. Statistical analysis was done with the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni-Holm correction, and Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS: Nine of 30 organists compared to 5 of 30 pianists and controls reported ankle sprains in their medical history. Pianists had a significant increased flexion of both ankle joints compared to organists (p≤0.01) and increased flexion of the right ankle joint compared to controls (p=0.02). The positional sense test and postural balance control showed no significant differences among groups. The peroneal reaction time of the right peroneus longus muscle was significantly increased in pianists compared to controls (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Organists have shown a high incidence of ankle sprains. Despite their extensive work-related use of the ankle joints, organists have neither increased functional ankle stability nor increased ROM of their ankle joints in comparison to controls. Pianists have increased flexion of the ankle joint, perhaps due to the exclusive motion of extension and flexion while using the pedals. To minimize injuries of the ankle and improve functional ankle stability as well as balance control, proprioceptive exercises of the ankle in daily training programs are recommended.
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Turner, Craig, Peter Visentin, and Gongbing Shan. "Wrist Internal Loading and Tempo-Dependent, Effort-Reducing Motor Behaviour Strategies for Two Elite Pianists." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2021.3017.

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One of the greatest challenges in reducing high rates of performance injuries among musicians is in providing them usable tools to address playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMP) before they become disorders. Studies in biomechanics have the potential to provide such tools. In order to better understand the mechanisms through which PRMP manifest in pianists, especially in the distal segments of the upper limbs, the current study quantifies wrist internal loading (WIL) and wrist impact loading frequency. It does so while discussing pianists’ motor behaviours and observed effort-reduction strategies in the wrists as a function of anthropometry. This concept has great utility for performers. A VICON 3D motion capture system documented two expert pianists performing a B major scale, hands together, at 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10 notes/sec. Biomechanical modeling quantified WIL. Changes in motor behaviour were observed at 8 notes/sec. Individualized anthropometry influenced the range of motor strategies available to each pianist. The pianist with the larger hand span employed a flexion/extension wrist strategy as a compensatory means for effort reduction, while the pianist with the smaller hand span employed a radial/ ulnar deviation strategy. The current study provides a new perspective in addressing PRMP among pianists by rationalizing anthropometric potentials in terms of ergonomic parameters and documenting the availability and utility of effort-reduction strategies in the wrists during piano performance as performers consider PRMP risk and avoidance.
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Leppäniemi, Ari, and Reijo Haapiainen. "Occult Diaphragmatic Injuries Caused by Stab Wounds." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 55, no. 4 (October 2003): 646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000092592.63261.7e.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pianists – Wounds and injuries"

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Allsop, Li Li. "Investigating the prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in relation to piano players' playing-techniques and practising strategies." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0090.

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This study placed specific emphasis on the motor-skills and practice strategies employed by piano players when practising and performing in relation to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). The survey questionnaire-instrument was designed by the researcher to investigate the prevalence of PRMDs among both professional and non-professional piano players. Five hundred and five respondents completed the self-administered survey questionnaire. Out of the total 505 participants, 42% of the players reported PRMDs. The professional players (72%) reported a significantly higher incidence (p < 0.05) of PRMDs in comparison with the non-professional group. The professional players with piano as their major instrument, using predominantly neutral wrist posture (i.e., open-kinetic chain playing technique), reported a significantly higher incidence of PRMDs. Although the present study showed a greater number of years of playing was associated with greater risk of PRMDs, the result also showed that the years of playing had no significant effect on the incidence of PRMDs (p > .05) when it was analyzed with the practice hours within seven days. Moreover, analyzing the practice hours over seven days with the piano major/non-major instrument, the various grade levels and PRMDs; the results showed that the practice hours had no significant effect on the groups with and without PRMDs (p > .05). Although women reported a significantly higher percentage of PRMDs (p < 0.05) than men, there was no significant association between the groups with and without PRMDs when analyzing practice hours over seven days by grade levels and gender. The PRMDs seem to arise when overuse is compounded by misuse and/or adverse playing conditions. The best and safest practice would be to minimize consumption of musculoskeletal force production and combine this with effective practice-breaks between sessions to achieve the optimum goal of daily practice. Keywords: hand injury, PRMDs, wrist pain, hand-span size, playing-technique, and piano player.
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Foster, Michele. "A window of opportunity : referral from acute care to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16181.pdf.

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Schneider, Jillian Claire Zillmer Eric Moelter Stephen T. "Emotional sequelae of sports-related injuries : concussive and orthopedic injuries /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1115.

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Garner, Erin E. "Not just black and white : an investigation of overuse injuries among university pianists /." Lynchburg, VA : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Murnyack, Roberta Michelle. "Development of a three-dimensional finite element model of lateral controlled cortical impact injury in the rat with geometry from magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17058.

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Lin, Htein. "Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 10-14 years in Maseru, Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, etiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among schoolchildren aged 10-14 years from Maseru, Lesotho. Upper and lower permanent incisors were examined for dental injuries.
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Margand, Paul Marcus Buchanan. "Ultrastructural changes in electrically damaged x-enopus laevis sciatic nerve." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2217.

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Electrical injury is known to alter the normal physiological function of nerves. In most cases, the change in function is only minor, but in severe instances the physiological function may be lost entirely. The changes in function involve the ability of the nerve to transmit an impulse, which is a function of the nerve's ability to create and maintain an electrical gradient across its membrane. When the nerve is exposed to an electrical current, the ability to maintain an electrical gradient across the membrane is reduced or lost. This change may be transient or permanent. The changes in the gradient hinder the nerve from propagating the impulse, which is the means of information transfer to and from the CNS (central nervous system). Due to the manner in which human victims are typically exposed to an electric shock, the peripheral axons usually display the greatest change in physiological function.
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Ackermann, Tessa Ruth. "Minor "dings" - major effects? a study into the cognitive effects of mild head injuries in high school rugby." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002429.

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The present study is part of a larger and ongoing research initiative investigating the cumulative cognitive effects of mild head injury in rugby union and focused specifically on high school rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to top team high school rugby players (n = 47), and a non-contact sport control group of top team high school hockey players (n = 34). Direct comparisons of group mean scores and standard deviations across each neuropsychological test were carried out for the Total Rugby group versus the Total Hockey group as well as for the subgroups Rugby Forwards versus Rugby Backs. A correlational analysis was conducted to ascertain whether a relationship exists between the number of mild head injuries reported by the players and their cognitive test performance. Results of the group comparisons of means and variability on WMS Paired Associate Learning Hard Pairs - Delayed Recall provides tentative indications of the initial stages of diffuse damage associated with mild head injury in the rugby group and provides some evidence for impairment of verbal learning and memory in the Rugby Forwards group. The correlational analysis revealed no significant relationship between number of reported mild head injuries and cognitive performance. The findings and possible latent effects of the multiple mild head injuries reported by the rugby players are discussed in terms of brain reserve capacity theory and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Scholtz, Hendrik Johannes. "Fatal penetrating injuries of the chest." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26781.

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In the Republic of South Africa, an autopsy is required in all cases of unnatural death, or in cases where the cause of death is unknown in terms of the Inquest Act of 1959. These are performed at the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory by Forensic Pathologists and Registrars of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the University of Cape Town. The Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory serves the greater Cape Town area with a population of approximately 2,5 million, including the magisterial districts of Cape Town, Wynberg, Mitchell's Plain and Simonstown. Cape Town has one of the world's highest homicide rates and in 1986 the incidence was 56, 91 100000 population per annum. In contrast, Singapore has a homicide rate of only 2, 5/100 000, while the United States has an overall homicide rate of 7,7/ 100 000 population. In order to document the true impact of penetrating chest injuries, and to place mortality data in perspective, a retrospective descriptive study of all cases with fatal penetrating chest injuries admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory in Cape Town during 1990 was undertaken. In 1990, a total of 5 758 cases was admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory of which 1834 cases (39%) were the result of homicide. Of the homicide cases, 408 (22%) were the result of firearm injuries. A total of 2044 (35, 5%) cases admitted was deemed to have died of natural causes. This study identified a total of 841 cases of fatal penetrating injuries of the chest admitted during 1990, which constituted 22,6% of all non-natural cases admitted.
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Ottosson, Carin. "Somato-psycho-social aspects of recovery after traffic injuries /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-721-9/.

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Books on the topic "Pianists – Wounds and injuries"

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1970-, Aksenov Igor V., and Miller Stuart S, eds. MasterMinding wounds. [Flagstaff, AZ]: Best Publishing Company, 2010.

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Zederfeldt, Bengt. Wounds & wound healing. London: Wolfe Medical, 1986.

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Zederfeldt, B. Wounds & wound healing. London: Wolfe Medical, 1986.

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Aaseng, Nathan. Head injuries. New York: F. Watts, 1996.

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Stimola, Aubrey. Brain injuries. New York: Rosen Pub., 2012.

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Aaseng, Nathan. Head injuries. New York: F. Watts, 1996.

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Aaseng, Nathan. Head injuries. New York: F. Watts, 1996.

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Collins, John Gary. Types of injuries and impairments due to injuries, United States. Hyattsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics, 1986.

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Watson, Neil. Hand injuries andinfections. London: Gower Medical, 1986.

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Teddy, Peter J. Head injuries. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pianists – Wounds and injuries"

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Payne, Christopher, and Andrew Kjos. "Wounds and Injuries." In A Beginner’s Guide to Special Makeup Effects, 89–94. New York : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003093701-19.

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Orgill, Dennis P. "Operative Management of Pressure Injuries." In Interventional Treatment of Wounds, 75–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66990-8_5.

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Presterl, Elisabeth, Magda Diab-El Schahawi, Luigi Segagni Lusignani, Helga Paula, and Jacqui S. Reilly. "Puncture Wounds and Needle-Related Injuries." In Basic Microbiology and Infection Control for Midwives, 151–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02026-2_16.

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Hanson, R. Reid, and Amelia S. Munsterman. "Treatment of Burn Injuries, Gunshot Wounds, and Dog-Bite Wounds." In Equine Wound Management, 476–89. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118999219.ch20.

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Hadrill, David. "4. How to prevent wounds and injuries; How to treat wounds." In Horse Healthcare, 86–111. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780443515.004.

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Heegaard, William G., and Gary M. Vilke. "Factitious Conducted Electrical Weapon Wounds: Injuries and Considerations." In Atlas of Conducted Electrical Weapon Wounds and Forensic Analysis, 131–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3543-3_7.

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Badr, Hoda, Trina M. Barker, and Kathrin Milbury. "Couples’ Psychosocial Adaptation to Combat Wounds and Injuries." In Risk and Resilience in U.S. Military Families, 213–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7064-0_11.

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Graham, Michael. "Histopathology of Cutaneous Conducted Electrical Weapon Injuries." In Atlas of Conducted Electrical Weapon Wounds and Forensic Analysis, 79–111. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3543-3_5.

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Brave, Michael. "Legal Aspects of Conducted Electrical Weapon Injuries, Wounds, and Effects." In Atlas of Conducted Electrical Weapon Wounds and Forensic Analysis, 143–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3543-3_8.

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Spatola, Brian F. "Atypical gunshot and blunt force injuries: wounds along the biomechanical continuum." In Skeletal trauma analysis, 7–26. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118384213.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pianists – Wounds and injuries"

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Lamping, Jeffrey W., Stephen K. Bubb, and Terence E. McIff. "Effectiveness of Negative Pressure in Promoting Tissue Growth Into Porous Metal Implants." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80884.

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Extremity War Injuries (EWI) with large open segmental and periarticular defects constitute a high volume and high morbidity challenge for the military trauma management system. Open segmental tibia and elbow fractures caused by Improvised Explosive Device (IED) wounds, are two examples of such injuries. Several problems occur when trying to repair such a wound. The large, gaping wounds make skin closure difficult. Infection is also a prevalent complication typically caused by debris contaminating the wound. Lastly, large amounts of damaged tissue including segmental bone defects make repair difficult.
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Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, Cheryl A. Muszynski, Frank A. Pintar, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Analysis of Penetrating Head Impact." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59899.

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Impact-induced injuries can be classified into blunt and penetrating types. Penetrating injuries are often the byproduct of gunshot wounds and these injuries to the head result in significant mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study is to determine the probability of fatality as a function of admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and injury volumes (hematoma and edema) in gunshot wounds using computed tomography (CT) scans. Head CT images from 19 patients were analyzed. Hematoma and edema volumes were computed using grayscale equivalents and special computer software. Hematoma and edema volumes were found to be better predictors than GCS. In addition to admission GCS, hematoma and edema volumes may allow more accurate prediction of outcome, and these data should provide informed counseling of relatives and improved guidelines for more efficient resource allocation during the acute care phase.
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Frybarger, Michelle R., and Karim H. Muci-Küchler. "Distribution of Bacterial Contamination in Partial Penetration Surrogate Ballistic Wounds." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23897.

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Abstract With the rise in use of IEDs during armed conflicts, there has been an increase in the number of injuries to the extremities. Shrapnel and debris ejected during the explosion become high-speed projectiles capable of penetrating soft tissues, bringing bacterial contamination into the wound. If not properly treated, that contamination could lead to infection. Studies aimed at understanding the distribution of bacterial contamination along the permanent cavity could provide useful information to improve treatment protocols for these types of injuries. In this paper, a lower extremity surrogate model was used to investigate bacterial distribution in partial penetration ballistic wounds. The targets used were ballistic gelatin blocks that had an Escherichia coli-laden filter paper placed on their front face. Spherical projectiles were fired into the targets adjusting their speed to obtain three different partial penetration depths. After each shot, a gelatin strip containing the permanent cavity was extracted and segmented. The permanent cavity was removed from each segment, placed in a test tube with buffer solution, and heated in a water bath to melt the gelatin. Standard microbiology protocols were followed to determine the number of colony forming units (CFUs) in each segment. The bacteria distribution was represented by percent of total CFU in the permanent cavity versus segment number. In addition, bacterial contamination as a function of projectile penetration depth was explored. For the cases considered, most of the bacterial contamination occurred in the segments closer to the projectile entry point.
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Fabio, Anthony, Shiyao Gao, Michael Bell, Patrick Kochanek, and Stephen Wisniewski. "97 Gunshot wounds to the head: the epidemiology of severe paediatric firearm-related traumatic brain injuries." In SAVIR 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042560.97.

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Izmailov, Sergey, Julia Perevezentseva, Andrey Rotkov, Vladimir Beschastnov, Evgeniy Popov, and Egor Lukoyanychev. "Mathematical Justification of the Wound suturing by Wound Contractors of new Generation." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce2772128d09.10616351.

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Frequent cases of man-made disasters, terrorist attacks and military conflicts lead to an increase in the number of victims. Significant soft tissue defects are known to result from gunshot wounds. So, as a result of mine-blasting injuries, defects in the skin and underlying tissues more than 10 cm in diameter are formed in 71.1% of cases. The prerequisite for the uncomplicated course of the wound process is to achieve an adequate comparison of the edges of the wound without excessive tension. To close such extensive wounds, various technical means are used: sutures on pads, various types of dermatotension. We have developed various models of wound contractors (RC) for treatment of wounds. With the help of the RC, a complete reposition and good adaptation of the edges of the wound is created. The wound closure method using these RC almost completely eliminates tissue cutting and limits the sawing effect to a minimum. This is explained by the effects of elastic forces reducing to zero when matching soft tissues and suturing. The use of hardware methods for suturing wounds requires the development of mathematical models of various types of wounds and surgical sutures. These models should provide a simulation of living tissues of the wound edges behavior to achieve the best results in the treatment of wounds by RC advanced technologies. The purpose of this study is to mathematically justify RC with the parallel holding of spokes. Another purpose is to develop a mathematical model of the wounds suturing by hardware technology.
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Zhang, Jiangyue, and Frank A. Pintar. "A Finite Element Study of Blast Overpressure on the Skull With and Without Helmet." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19083.

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The use of advanced personal armor, especially the helmet, during combat has significantly reduced the incidence and severity of life threatening penetrating injuries from gunshot and blast shrapnel to the head and improved the overall survival rate of soldiers in combat [1]. On the other hand, the number of blast related injuries (68%) has increased to more than 4 times that of gunshot wounds (15%) and other injuries (17%), among which blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has became the signature wound of the U.S. armed forces in Iraq and Afghanistan due to increased use of improvised explosive devices (IED) and rocket-propelled grenades (RPG) by the insurgents [2–4]. It is well known in detonation physics that the presence of a close proximity surface will increase the overpressure on the target due to blast wave reflection [5, 6]. The helmet, which has saved many lives from otherwise fatal penetration and blunt impact injuries, may unfortunately also serve as a reflecting surface and pose increased blast injury threat to the head. Consequently, the current study was designed to compare blast overpressures on the skull with and without helmet using a human head computational model.
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Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Yabo Guan, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Experimental Study on Non-Exit Ballistic Induced Traumatic Brain Injury." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176407.

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Ballistic-induced traumatic brain injury remains the most severe type of injury with the highest rate of fatality. Yet, its injury biomechanics remains the least understood. Ballistic injury biomechanics studies have been mostly focused on the trunk and extremities using large gelatin blocks with unconstrained boundaries [1, 2]. Results from these investigations are not directly applicable to brain injuries studies because the human head is smaller and the soft brain is enclosed in a relatively rigid cranium. Thali et al. developed a “skin-skull-brain” model to reproduce gunshot wounds to the head for forensic purposes [3]. These studies focused on wound morphology to the skull rather than brain injury. Watkins et al. used human dry skulls filled with gelatin and investigated temporary cavities and pressure change [4]. However, the frame rate of the cine X-ray was too slow to describe the cavity dynamics, and pressures were only quantified at the center of skull. In addition, the ordnance gelatin used in these studies is not the most suitable simulant to model brain material because of differences in dynamic moduli [5]. Sylgard gel (Dow Corning Co., Midland, MI) demonstrates similar behavior as the brain and has been used as a brain surrogate to determine brain deformations under blunt impact loading [6, 7]. Zhang et al. used the simulant for ballistic brain injury and investigated the correlation between temporary cavity pulsation and pressure change [8, 9]. However, the skulls used in these models were not as rigid as the human cranium. The presence of a stronger cranial bone may significantly decrease the projectile velocity and change the kinematics of cavity and pressure distribution in the cranium. In addition, projectiles perforated through the models in these studies. Patients with through-and-through perforating gunshot wounds to the head have a greater fatality rate than patients with non-exit penetrating wounds [10]. Therefore, it is more clinically relevant to investigate non-exit ballistic traumatic brain injuries. Consequently, the current study is designed to investigate the brain injury biomechanics from non-exit penetrating projectile using an appropriately sized and shaped physical head model.
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CHIRVA, Y. V., and M. I. BABICH. "TREATMENT OF DEFECTS IN BONES AND SOFT TISSUE WOUNDS IN VICTIMS WITH INJURIES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES BY THE METHOD OF SEQUENTIAL OSTEOSYNTHESIS." In Проблемы и вопросы современной науки. Научно-Издательский Центр Международной Объединенной Академии Наук (НИЦ МОАН), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/pivsn-18.

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Hinz, Brandon J., and Karim H. Muci-Küchler. "Study of Air Flow Into Ballistic Wounds Using Flow Visualization Experiments and Numerical Simulations." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88106.

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A common type of battlefield injury involves high speed fragments of different sizes and shapes hitting the human body, particularly the extremities. Gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in those injuries can result in better strategies for providing medical care. One aspect that still requires additional research is the contamination of ballistic wounds. Studies published in the open literature have shown that in perforating projectile wounds airborne debris such as skin, cloth, and soil particles are introduced into the wound by either the projectile or by the suction created due to the formation of the temporary wound cavity. These debris can transport bacteria resulting in infection, delayed wound healing, or other complications. The amount of suction and ultimately the bacteria distribution in ballistic wounds can vary depending on parameters such as projectile velocity, caliber, mass, and location of injury. Numerical models can be used to study the influence of various parameters on the suction effect but experimental data is needed to validate the simulation results. This paper presents an experiment developed to provide an initial evaluation of numerical models of the air flow and suction effect in perforating projectile wounds. The experiment used rectangular prism (cuboid) targets made of ballistic gelatin which is a common soft-tissue surrogate material used in ballistic research. These targets were shot with 11.43 mm (0.45 in) caliber round lead projectiles fired from air rifles at approximately 230 m/s. The air flow into the temporary cavity of the tissue surrogate targets was visualized using a vapor curtain placed at the projectile entry location. A high speed digital camera captured the movement of the vapor curtain and the formation of the temporary wound cavity during the tests. To simulate the experiment, a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) model was run using Abaqus/Explicit. In the model, the mechanical behavior of the soft-tissue surrogate target was represented using a hyper-elastic constitutive relation. A small pre-made cylindrical channel was added to the targets to avoid using techniques such as element erosion or considering material failure when modeling the passage of the projectile through the material. Qualitative and limited quantitative results from the model were compared with the results from the laboratory tests.
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