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Academic literature on the topic 'PI3K TARGET'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PI3K TARGET"

Diacovo, Thomas, Dosh Whye, Evgeni Efimenko, Jianchung Chen, Valeria Tosello, Kim De Keersmaecker, Adam Kashishian, et al. "Therapeutic Utility of PI3Kγ Inhibition in Leukemogenesis and Tumor Cell Survival." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1492.1492.

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Abstract Abstract 1492 Aberrant activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is a frequent event in cancer including various types of leukemia. Consequently, much emphasis has been placed on developing inhibitors that target this pathway. However, this would require an in depth knowledge of the role that specific class I PI3K isoforms (α, β, γ, δ)play in the pathogenesis of a particular hematological malignancy. For instance, PI3Kδ has been shown to be essential for the growth and survival of tumors derived from B cells such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Such knowledge has lead to development of the selective inhibitor GS-1101 (CAL-101) that has shown significant efficacy in clinical trials. Although PI3Kγ plays an important role in modulating the immune function of T cells, its role in leukemogenesis and tumor cell survival is poorly defined. Thus, it is unclear whether an inhibitor that also targets PI3Kγ would be of any benefit in hematological malignancies. T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive cancer resulting from clonal proliferation of T lymphoid precursors. Previous reports suggest that hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is a common feature of this disease with the majority of cases due to the loss of function of the tumor suppressor PTEN. However, it remains to be determined whether any particular class I PI3K isoform predominates in T-ALL pathogenesis. We now report that in the absence of PTEN-mediated regulation in T cell progenitors that PI3Kγ can promote leukemogenesis even in the absence of its delta counterpart. However, inactivation of both isoforms was necessary for the suppression of tumor development in animals (< 20% dead at 220 days as compare to >85% for controls), suggesting that PI3Kα and/or PI3Kβ cannot adequately compensate for a deficiency in their γ/δ counterparts. The importance of PI3Kγ in tumor progression was established by the inability of the PI3Kδ selective inhibitor IC87114 to reduce tumor burden in mice (Fig. 1A). In contrast, treatment of PI3Kγ deficient tumors with the same inhibitor dramatically reduced disease in affected tissues (Fig. 1B). Based on these observations we developed an inhibitor, designated CAL-130, which targets both PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ in an attempt to exploit the addiction of PTEN null T-ALL tumors to both isoforms. IC50 values of this compound were 1.3 nM and 6.1 nM for p110δ and p110γ catalytic domains, respectively, as compared to 115 nM and 56 nM for p110α and p110β. Importantly, this small molecule does not inhibit additional intracellular signaling pathways (>300 kinases tested) that are critical for general cell function and survival. Oral administration of this compound to diseased mice (blast counts > 50 million/ml) for 7 days reduced tumor burden and extended median survival of treated animals to 45 day as compared 7.5 days for the control group (P<0.001). Of note, this inhibitor did not perturb plasma insulin or glucose levels in contrast to the metabolic perturbations associated with tissue-specific deficiencies in PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. The efficacy of this dual inhibitor was not limited to murine tumors as dual inhibition of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ in primary human T-ALL cells displaying hyperactivation of this signaling pathway also reduced tumor cell survival by promoting activation of pro-apoptotic pathways. This work advances our understanding of the role that distinct PI3K isoforms play in development and survival of T-ALL and suggest that it may be possible to therapeutically exploit the addiction of this hematological malignancy to PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ. Moreover, by selectively targeting a signaling pathway key to tumor survival, it may be possible to limit toxicities associated with conventional chemotherapeutic agents that broadly affect metabolic pathways and DNA replication. Current studies are focused on evaluating the synergistic effect of PI3Kγ/δ blockade in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of T-ALL. Disclosures: Kashishian: Gilead Sciences: Employment. Lannutti:Gilead Sciences Inc: Employment.

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Borsari, Chiara, and Matthias P. Wymann. "Targeting Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase – Five Decades of Chemical Space Exploration." CHIMIA 75, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.1037.

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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) takes a key role in a plethora of physiologic processes and controls cell growth, metabolism, immunity, cardiovascular and neurological function, and more. The discovery of wortmannin as the first potent PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki) in the 1990s provided rapid identification of PI3K-dependent processes, which drove the assembly of the PI3K/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)/target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Genetic mouse models and first PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors pinpointed putative therapeutic applications. The recognition of PI3K as target for cancer therapy drove subsequently drug development. Here we provide a brief journey through the emerging roles of PI3K to the development of clinical PI3Ki candidates.

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Barberis, Laura, and Emilio Hirsch. "Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ to fight inflammation and more." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 99, no. 02 (2008): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-10-0632.

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SummaryThe family of class I phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) is composed of four lipid kinases involved at multiple levels in innate and adaptive immune responses. Class I PI3Ks are divided into two subclasses, IA and IB, sharing a similar catalytic core. Whereas class IA PI3Ks are primarily activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, the unique element of class IB PI3K (PI3Kγ) is activated by G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), like chemokine receptors. PI3Kγ is mainly expressed in leukocytes where it plays a significant role in chemotaxis. Here, we report recent advances in the analysis of the role of PI3Kγ in leukocytes and in endothelial cells. Results, derived from studies based on both pharmacological and genetic approaches, confirm PI3Kγ as an attractive target for drug discovery. PI3Kγ specific inhibition has gained increasing attention for the treatment of allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Development of inhibitors has already provided series of hits, whose efficacy is currently under scrutiny worldwide.

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Miller, Michelle, Philip Thompson, and Sandra Gabelli. "Structural Determinants of Isoform Selectivity in PI3K Inhibitors." Biomolecules 9, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9030082.

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Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer, thrombosis, and inflammatory and immune diseases. The four highly homologous Class I isoforms, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ have unique, non-redundant physiological roles and as such, isoform selectivity has been a key consideration driving inhibitor design and development. In this review, we discuss the structural biology of PI3Ks and how our growing knowledge of structure has influenced the medicinal chemistry of PI3K inhibitors. We present an analysis of the available structure-selectivity-activity relationship data to highlight key insights into how the various regions of the PI3K binding site influence isoform selectivity. The picture that emerges is one that is far from simple and emphasizes the complex nature of protein-inhibitor binding, involving protein flexibility, energetics, water networks and interactions with non-conserved residues.

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Mercurio, Laura, Martina Morelli, Claudia Scarponi, Giovanni Luca Scaglione, Sabatino Pallotta, Cristina Albanesi, and Stefania Madonna. "PI3Kδ Sustains Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation and Epithelial Inflammation: Implications for a Topically Druggable Target in Psoriasis." Cells 10, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 2636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102636.

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The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in psoriatic lesions and contributes to disease pathogenesis. Among PI3Ks enzymes, PI3Kα, β, and δ isoforms are known to bind the p85 regulatory subunit and mediate activation of AKT and other downstream effectors. In this study, we deepened our understanding of the expression and function of PI3Kδ in skin lesions of patients affected by psoriasis. For the first time, we found that PI3Kδ is overexpressed in psoriatic plaques, and its expression is not only confined to infiltrating immune cells but also accumulates in proliferating keratinocytes of the epidermal basal layer. We investigated the function of PI3Kδ in psoriatic skin by evaluating the impact of seletalisib, a newly developed selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models of psoriasis. Of note, we found that PI3Kδ sustains keratinocyte hyperproliferation and impaired terminal differentiation induced by IL-22, as well as induces epithelial inflammation and resistance to apoptosis mediated by TNF-α in human keratinocytes. Mechanistically, PI3Kδ promotes PDK1 phosphorylation and signals through AKT-dependent or -independent pathways. It is worth mentioning that PI3Kδ inhibition by seletalisib attenuates the severity of psoriasiform phenotype induced in the Imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis by restoring the physiological proliferation and differentiation programs in epidermal keratinocytes and contrasting the cutaneous inflammatory responses. Therefore, we suggest PI3Kδ as a potential topically druggable target in psoriasis and skin diseases characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and skin inflammation.

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Laurent, Pierre-Alexandre, Cédric Garcia, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Bart Vanhaesebroeck, Pierre Sié, Bernard Payrastre, and Anne-Dominique Terrisse. "The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases α and β control antiphospholipid antibodies-induced platelet activation." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 115, no. 06 (2016): 1138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th15-08-0661.

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SummaryAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) associated with increased thrombotic risk and pregnancy morbidity. Although aPL are heterogeneous auto-antibodies, the major pathogenic target is the plasma protein β2-glycoprotein 1. The molecular mechanisms of platelet activation by aPL remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the role of the class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) α and β isoforms in platelet activation by aPL. Compared to control IgG from healthy individuals, the IgG fraction isolated from patients with APS potentiates platelet aggregation induced by low dose of thrombin in vitro and increases platelet adhesion and thrombus growth on a collagen matrix under arterial shear rate through a mechanism involving glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) and Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR-2). Using isoforms-selective pharmacological PI3K inhibitors and mice with megakaryocyte/platelet lineage-specific inactivation of class IA PI3K isoforms, we demonstrate a critical role of the PI3Kβ and PI3Kα isoforms in platelet activation induced by aPL. Our data show that aPL potentiate platelet activation through GPIbα and TLR-2 via a mechanism involving the class IA PI3Kα and β isoforms, which represent new potential therapeutic targets in the prevention or treatment of thrombotic events in patients with APS.

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Kuracha, Murali R., Venkatesh Govindarajan, Brian W. Loggie, Martin Tobi, and Benita L. McVicker. "Pictilisib-Induced Resistance Is Mediated through FOXO1-Dependent Activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 12331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512331.

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The phosphatidylinositol (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR axis represents an important therapeutic target to treat human cancers. A well-described downstream target of the PI3K pathway is the forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor family. FOXOs have been implicated in many cellular responses, including drug-induced resistance in cancer cells. However, FOXO-dependent acute phase resistance mediated by pictilisib, a potent small molecule PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki), has not been studied. Here, we report that pictilisib-induced adaptive resistance is regulated by the FOXO-dependent rebound activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA) cells. The resistance mediated by PI3K inhibition involves the nuclear localization of FOXO and the altered expression of RTKs, including ErbB2, ErbB3, EphA7, EphA10, IR, and IGF-R1 in MCA cells. Further, in the presence of FOXO siRNA, the pictilisib-induced feedback activation of RTK regulators (pERK and pAKT) was altered in MCA cells. Interestingly, the combinational treatment of pictilisib (Pi3Ki) and FOXO1i (AS1842856) synergistically reduced MCA cell viability and increased apoptosis. These results demonstrate that pictilisib used as a single agent induces acute resistance, partly through FOXO1 inhibition. Therefore, overcoming PI3Ki single-agent adaptive resistance by rational design of FOXO1 and PI3K inhibitor combinations could significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PI3K-targeting drugs in MCA cells.

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Xenou, Lydia, and Evangelia A. Papakonstanti. "p110δ PI3K as a therapeutic target of solid tumours." Clinical Science 134, no. 12 (June 2020): 1377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20190772.

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Abstract From the time of first characterization of PI3K as a heterodimer made up of a p110 catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, a wealth of evidence have placed the class IA PI3Ks at the forefront of drug development for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. The p110α isoform was quickly brought at the centre of attention in the field of cancer research by the discovery of cancer-specific gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA gene in a range of human solid tumours. In contrast, p110δ PI3K was placed into the spotlight of immunity, inflammation and haematologic malignancies because of the preferential expression of this isoform in leucocytes and the rare mutations in PIK3CD gene. The last decade, however, several studies have provided evidence showing that the correlation between the PIK3CA mutations and the response to PI3K inhibition is less clear than originally considered, whereas concurrently an unexpected role of p110δ PI3K in solid tumours has being emerging. While PIK3CD is mostly non-mutated in cancer, the expression levels of p110δ protein seem to act as an intrinsic cancer-causing driver in various solid tumours including breast, prostate, colorectal and liver cancer, Merkel-Cell carcinoma, glioblastoma and neurobalstoma. Furthermore, p110δ selective inhibitors are being studied as potential single agent treatments or as combination partners in attempt to improve cancer immunotherapy, with both strategies to shown great promise for the treatment of several solid tumours. In this review, we discuss the evidence implicating the p110δ PI3K in human solid tumours, their impact on the current state of the field and the potential of using p110δ-selective inhibitors as monotherapy or combined therapy in different cancer contexts.

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Maffei, Angelo, Giuseppe Lembo, and Daniela Carnevale. "PI3Kinases in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Related Complications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 4098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124098.

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Recent studies have shown that phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) have become the target of many pharmacological treatments, both in clinical trials and in clinical practice. PI3Ks play an important role in glucose regulation, and this suggests their possible involvement in the onset of diabetes mellitus. In this review, we gather our knowledge regarding the effects of PI3K isoforms on glucose regulation in several organs and on the most clinically-relevant complications of diabetes mellitus, such as cardiomyopathy, vasculopathy, nephropathy, and neurological disease. For instance, PI3K α has been proven to be protective against diabetes-induced heart failure, while PI3K γ inhibition is protective against the disease onset. In vessels, PI3K γ can generate oxidative stress, while PI3K β inhibition is anti-thrombotic. Finally, we describe the role of PI3Ks in Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD, discussing the relevance for diabetic patients. Given the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the multiple effects here described should be taken into account for the development and validation of drugs acting on PI3Ks.

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Chen, Shiyi, Wenkang Huang, Xiaoyu Li, Lijuan Gao, and Yiping Ye. "Identifying Active Compounds and Mechanisms of Citrus changshan-Huyou Y. B. Chang against URTIs-Associated Inflammation by Network Pharmacology in Combination with Molecular Docking." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (July 13, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2156157.

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Purpose. The ripe fruits of Citrus changshan-huyou, known as Quzhou Fructus Aurantii (QFA), have been commonly used for respiratory diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate their active compounds and demonstrate their mechanism in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) through network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods. The prominent compounds of QFA were acquired from TCMSP database. Their targets were retrieved from SwissTargetPrediction database, and target genes associated with URTIs were collected from DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. The target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by using STRING database and Cytoscape. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were enriched. Visual compound-target-pathway network was established with Cytoscape. The effects of compounds were verified on the inhibitory activities against phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Finally, the molecular docking was carried out to confirm the binding affinity of the bioactive compounds and target proteins. Results. Five important active compounds, naringenin (NAR), tangeretin (TAN), luteolin (LUT), hesperetin (HES), and auraptene (AUR), were obtained. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that the pathways associated with inflammation mainly contained PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, TNF signalling pathway, and so on. The most important targets covering inflammation-related proteins might be PI3Ks. In vitro assays and molecular docking exhibited that TAN, LUT, and AUR acted as PI3Kγ inhibitors. Conclusion. The results revealed that QFA could treat URTIs through a multi-compound, multi-target, multi-pathway network, in which TAN, LUT, and AUR acted as PI3Kγ inhibitors, probably contributing to a crucial role in treatment of URTIs.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PI3K TARGET"

Stamatkin, Christopher W. "PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE (PI3K) AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN NSCLC." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/58.

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Deregulated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is central to many human malignancies. The functions of this pathway are critical for normal cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival. In lung cancers, the PI3K pathway activity is often aberrantly driven by multiple mutations, including EGFR, KRAS, and PIK3CA. Molecules targeting the PI3K pathway are intensely investigated as potential anti-cancer agents. Although inhibitors of the pathway are currently in clinical trials, rational and targeted use of these compounds, alone or in combination, requires an understanding of isoform-specific activity in context. We sought to identify class IA PI3K enzyme (p110a/PIK3CA, p110b/PIK3CB, p110d/PIK3CD) activities using isoform-specific inhibitors in a lung cancer model system. Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD or PIK3CB/D inhibitors resulted in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses that frequently tracked with a specific mutation status. Activation of PIK3CA dictated response to the PIK3CA-specific inhibitor while deletion of PTEN phosphatase indicated response to the PIK3CB inhibitor. The PIK3CD isoform-specific inhibitors lacked efficacy in all NSCLC cell lines tested, however treatment at increased concentrations likely provide concurrent inhibition of both PIK3CB/D isoforms improving activity of either agent alone but did not track with a single biomarker. The observed pharmacodynamic and proliferation responses to isoform-specific inhibitors suggested that PI3K isoforms may functionally compensate for loss of another in certain genetic backgrounds. These studies demonstrate unanticipated cellular responses to PI3K isoform inhibition in NSCLC, suggesting that patient populations with specific mutations can benefit from certain isoform-selective inhibitors, or combinations, allowing for rational and targeted clinical use of these agents.

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McCarragher, Leeza Sarah Marie. "PI3K signalling blockade : a target for chemotherapeutic enhancement in breast cancer." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401117.

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Cerovac, Vesna. "Studies on the PI3K/mTOR pathway as cytostatic treatment target in pituitary adenomas." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-119322.

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ULTIMO, Simona. "Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487845.

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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disorder characterized by the abnormal clonal proliferation of B-cell progenitors (B-ALL) or immature stage thymocytes (T-ALL). Constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR network is a common feature of B- and T-ALL, influencing cell growth and survival. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors are currently being developed for clinical use either as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy for T-ALL patient treatment. In this study it has been investigated the effects of a panel of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors on healthy human CD4+ T-cells when compared with T-ALL cell lines. Then, it has been verified whether a multi-inhibition treatment against Akt protein could enhance the efficacy of individual drug administration and overcome drug resistance as well as to obtain a decrease in single drug concentration, by testing the effects of combined treatments with three Akt inhibitors with different mode of action, GSK690693, MK-2206 and Perifosine on T-ALL cell lines. Combined administration of the drugs displayed a significant synergistic cytotoxic effect and affected PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway at much lower concentration than single drug use. Highest synergistic effect for full inhibition of Akt was also related to the timing of every drug administration. The results obtained suggested that targeting Akt as a key protein of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with multiple drugs might represent a new and promising pharmacological strategy for treatment of T-ALL patients. It has also been investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, which play a role in various biological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. The dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in invasion in several human cancer types and leukemia is not an exception. By using in vitro models, it has been done an analysis of the effect of PI3K signaling inhibitors on expression of miRNA level involved in ALL disease and PI3K activation. The results obtained have shown that these drugs could modulate miRNA expression. Therefore, the regulation of miRNA expression profiling in ALL by using PI3K signaling inhibitors could be used as a new therapeutic approach in the near future. In addition, it has been analyzed the efficacy of PI3K signaling pathway inhibitors in B- and T-ALL cell lines harboring the Abl1 tyrosine kinase gene fusion that lead to an aberrant cell proliferation. It has been studied the effects of anti Bcr-Abl1 drugs such as Imatinib, Nilotinib and GZD824 associated with PI3K signaling inhibitors. Drugs against PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade administered in combination with Imatinib, Nilotinib and GZD824 decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis and autophagy in a marked synergistic manner. These findings suggested that selected PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors used in combination with anti Bcr-Abl1 drugs may be an attractive novel therapeutic intervention in Ph+ B- and T-ALL.
La Leucemia Linfoblastica Acuta (LLA) è un tumore maligno ematologico caratterizzato da una proliferazione clonale incontrollata di progenitori della linea cellulare di tipo B (LLA-B) o timociti allo stadio immaturo (LLA-T). L’attivazione della via di trasduzione del segnale di PI3K/Akt/mTOR è una caratteristica comune della LLA-B e T ed influisce sulla crescita e sopravvivenza cellulare. Gli inibitori della via di PI3K/Akt/mTOR sono attualmente in fase di studio per uso clinico, sia come singoli agenti che in combinazione con la convenzionale chemioterapia utilizzata nel trattamento dei pazienti affetti da LLA-T. In questo studio sono stati analizzati gli effetti di un pannello di inibitori della via di PI3K/Akt/mTOR su linfociti T-CD4+ di individui sani e confrontati con linee cellulari tumorali umane di LLA-T. Successivamente è stato verificato se il trattamento di inibizione multipla della proteina Akt potesse aumentare l’efficacia dei farmaci somministrati singolarmente e superare la resistenza al farmaco ottenendo la riduzione della concentrazione del singolo agente. Pertanto, sono stati studiati e testati gli effetti di tre inibitori su linee cellulari umane di LLA-T diretti contro Akt ma con differenti modi di azione: GSK690693, MK-2206 e Perifosina. Questa combinata somministrazione di farmaci ha mostrato un significativo effetto sinergico ed ha influito sulla via di PI3K/Akt/mTOR ad una concentrazione molto più bassa rispetto a quella del singolo farmaco. Il più elevato effetto sinergico per una totale inibizione di Akt è stato associato alla tempistica adottata per ciascuna somministrazione. I risultati ottenuti hanno suggerito che, mirare Akt come bersaglio chiave nella via del segnale di PI3K/Akt/mTOR con la somministrazione multipla di farmaci, potrebbe rappresentare una nuova e promettente strategia per il trattamento dei pazienti affetti da LLA-T. E’ stato inoltre studiata l’azione dei microRNA (miRNA), una classe di piccoli RNA non codificanti che giocano un ruolo in vari processi biologici, quali la proliferazione, la morte cellulare e la genesi del cancro. La regolazione incontrollata dei miRNA è implicata nell’invasione di diversi tumori umani e la leucemia non è esclusa. Usando modelli in vitro è stata eseguita un’analisi degli effetti degli inibitori della via del segnale di PI3K sui livelli di espressione dei miRNA coinvolti nella LLA e nell’attivazione di PI3K. I risultati emersi hanno mostrato che questi farmaci potrebbero modulare l’espressione dei miRNA, pertanto, la regolazione dei loro profili di espressione nella LLA, utilizzando gli inibitori diretti contro la via di PI3K, potrebbe costituire un nuovo terapeutico approccio per il prossimo futuro. Infine, è stata valutata l’efficacia degli inibitori della via del segnale di PI3K nelle linee cellulari di LLA-B e T caratterizzate dalla proteina di fusione Abl1 che causa una proliferazione cellulare incontrollata. Sono stati studiati gli effetti di farmaci contro il gene Bcr-Abl1 come Imatinib, Nilotinib e GZD824 utilizzati in combinazione con i farmaci diretti contro la via di PI3K. La combinazione di questi farmaci ha mostrato una ridotta vitalità cellulare, innescando il processo di morte e autofagia cellulare in maniera sinergica. Questi dati hanno suggerito che la selezione di inibitori diretti contro la via di PI3K/Akt/mTOR somministrati in combinazione con farmaci contro il gene di fusione Bcr-Abl1, potrebbe rappresentare un allettante nuovo intervento terapeutico da prendere in considerazione nel trattamento della LLA-B e T portatrice del cromosoma Philadelphia (Ph+).

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DARICI, SALIHA NUR. "LEUCEMIA MIELOIDE ACUTA CON MUTAZIONE FLT3-ITD: razionale per l'uso combinato di inibitori di fosfoinositide 3-chinasi e recettori tirosin chinasici." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278342.

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In Europa, la sopravvivenza a 5 anni dei pazienti affetti da leucemia mieloide acuta (LMA) è solo del 20%. La duplicazione interna in tandem del gene FLT3 (FLT3-ITD), che codifica per il recettore della tirosina chinasi FLT3, è la mutazione più frequente (~ 25%) nella LMA con cariotipo normale, dove porta all'attivazione costitutiva della chinasi FLT3. Nonostante risultati iniziali molto promettenti con inibitori di FLT3 (FLT3i) nei pazienti con questa mutazione, pochi pazienti hanno remissioni prolungate, evidenziando la necessità di nuove e più efficaci terapie. La persistenza delle cellule staminali leucemiche guida la leucemogenesi della LMA ed è responsabile della resistenza ai farmaci e della ricaduta dopo chemioterapia convenzionale. L'attivazione costitutiva di FLT3 porta all’attivazione del signaling a valle, e in particolare della via PI3K/AKT/mTOR, una cascata di segnale fortemente associata alla sopravvivenza delle cellule staminali leucemiche e al crosstalk tra le cellule staminali leucemiche e le cellule stromali associate al microambiente tumorale midollare. La nicchia midollare fornisce protezione alle cellule leucemiche FLT3-ITD nei confronti degli inibitori FLT3. Pertanto, la via PI3K/AKT/mTOR può rappresentare un bersaglio terapeutico nella AML FLT3-ITD. Questo studio mira a verificare l'ipotesi che l'inibizione di PI3K/AKT/mTOR sensibilizzi le cellule AML FLT3-ITD alla terapia mirata con RTKi utilizzando linee cellulari AML umane e blasti di pazienti primari. In particolare, ho definito il profilo fenotipico delle linee cellulari FLT3-ITD rispetto a quelle FLT3 wildtype dopo trattamento con un pannello di FLT3i o PI3K/AKT/mTORi che non hanno dimostrato sufficiente efficacia clinica se utilizzato come monoterapia. Successivamente, ho valutato l’effetto del farmaco sulla crescita cellulare e sul ciclo cellulare e l'apoptosi. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che BAY-806946 (pan PI3Ki) e PF-04691502 (inibitore duale PI3K/mTORi) sono in grado di inibire la crescita poiché causano arresto del ciclo cellular in fase G1 e apoptosi, un effetto che appare indipendente dallo stato mutazionale di FLT3. Dimostrano inoltre che l’arresto della crescita cellulare indotto dall’inibitore di FLT3 (FLT3i) quizartinib è causato principalmente dall’induzione di apoptosi. Tuttavia l’efficacia rimane inferiore rispetto al trattamento con chemioterpia convenzionale (AraC). Inoltre, la proof of concept per l’utilizzo della combinazione del quizartinib con BAY-806946 è stata ottenuta in linee cellulari AML FLT3-ITD e blasti primari da paziente. Nel valutare i blasti primari da paziente, è stato considerato il ruolo protettivo delle cellule stromali mesenchimali in co-coltura, e dei fattori di crescita per riprodurre le condizioni del microambiente midollare. Pertanto, blasti primari da paziente LAM sono stati mantenuti in co-coltura con cellule stromali MS5 in presenza di concentrazioni fisiologiche di fattori di crescita quali IL-3, TPO e GM-CSF. Come atteso, il BAY-806946 potenzia l’effetto citostatico e citotossico del quizartinib nelle cellule MOLM-13 e nei blasti primari da paziente con mutazione FLT3-ITD in condizione di co-coltura. E’ importante sottolineare l’incremento di apoptosi osservato anche nella sottopopolazione staminale leucemica CD34+CD38-. Infine, ho valutato il profilo delle citochine e delle fosfoproteine persistenti come bersagli putativi dopo il trattamento di combinazione. Complessivamente, questo studio dimostra il potenziale di PI3Ki per migliorare l'efficacia di RTKi quizartinib nel trattamento della LMA FLT3-ITD.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a very poor 5-year survival of ~20% in Europe. The internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation of the Fms-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) (FLT3-ITD) is the most frequent mutation (~25%) in normal karyotype AML. In recent clinical studies, few patients display prolonged remissions with receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors, such as FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) therapy, highlighting a substantial unmet need for novel effective treatment. Persistence of leukemia stem cells (LSC) drive AML leukemogenesis, responsible for drug resistance and disease relapse following conventional chemotherapy. Growing evidence recognizes that FLT3-ITD mutation leads to the constitutive activation of FLT3 kinase and its downstream pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, strongly associated with LSC survival and crosstalk between LSC and stromal cells associated bone marrow (BM) tumor environment (TME). The TME provides protection of FLT3-ITD AML cells against FLT3 inhibitors. Thus, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may represent as a putative target for FLT3-ITD AML. This study aims to test the hypothesis that PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition could sensitize FLT3-ITD AML cells to RTKi-lead targeted therapy using human AML cell lines and primary patient blasts. First, I uncover the phenotypic profile of FLT3-ITD versus FLT3 wildtype cell lines following treatment with selected FLT3i or PI3K/AKT/mTORi that have failed treatment of AML as monotherapy in clinical studies. More specifically, I determine the drug efficacy by means of cell growth measurement and assessment of cell cycle status and apoptosis. I was able to demonstrate that BAY-806946 (pan PI3Ki) and PF-04691502 (dual PI3K/mTORi) exerted growth inhibitory activity caused by G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and this effect was irrespective of FLT3 status. Quizartinib (FLT3i) selectively inhibited cell growth in FLT3-ITD AML and this effect was mainly caused by apoptosis. The observed drug-induced apoptotic effect was however not as efficient as chemotherapy. Next, I provide proof-of-concept for the combination of quizartinib and BAY-806946 using both FLT3-ITD AML cell lines and primary patient blasts. When evaluating on primary patient blasts, I take into consideration the protective role of mesenchymal stromal cells and physiological growth factors to mimic the BM microenvironment. Hereby, I co-cultured FLT3-ITD AML blasts with stromal cell line MS-5 and added growth factors essential for AML survival and differentiation such as IL-3, TPO and G-CSF at physiological concentration. As expected, treatment with BAY-806946 enhanced both cytostatic and cytotoxic effect of quizartinib in FLT3-ITD AML cell line MOLM-13 as well as primary patient blasts in co-culture. More importantly, enhanced apoptosis was measured in the stem cell like CD34+CD38- population. Lastly, I elucidate the cytokine profile and persistent phosphoproteins as putative targets following combination treatment. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the potential of PI3K/AKT/mTORi to enhance the efficacy of RTKi quizartinib for the treatment of FLT3-ITD AML.

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Lonetti, Annalisa <1982&gt. "Study of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as potential molecular target for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) treatment: pan-inhibition of PI3K catalitic isoforms as better therapeutic approach." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6763/1/Annalisa_Lonetti_tesi.pdf.

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Class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are heterodimeric lipid kinases consisting of a regulatory subunit and one of four catalytic subunits (p110α, p110β, p110γ or p110δ). p110γ/p110δ PI3Ks are highly enriched in leukocytes. In general, PI3Ks regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival and metabolism, by generating the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). Their activity is tightly regulated by the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) lipid phosphatase. PI3Ks are widely implicated in human cancers, and in particular are upregulated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), mainly due to loss of PTEN function. These observations lend compelling weight to the application of PI3K inhibitors in the therapy of T-ALL. At present different compounds which target single or multiple PI3K isoforms have entered clinical trials. In the present research, it has been analyzed the therapeutic potential of the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120, an orally bioavailable 2,6-dimorpholino pyrimidine derivative, which has entered clinical trials for solid tumors, on both T-ALL cell lines and patient samples. BKM120 treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, being cytotoxic to a panel of T-ALL cell lines and patient T-lymphoblasts. Remarkably, BKM120 synergized with chemotherapeutic agents currently used for treating T-ALL patients. BKM120 efficacy was confirmed in in vivo studies to a subcutaneous xenotransplant model of human T-ALL. Because it is still unclear which agents among isoform-specific or pan inhibitors can achieve the greater efficacy, further analyses have been conducted to investigate the effects of PI3K inhibition, in order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the proliferative impairment of T-ALL. Overall, these results indicated that BKM120 may be an efficient treatment for T-ALLs that have aberrant up-regulation of the PI3K signaling pathway and strongly support clinical application of pan-class I PI3K rather than single-isoform inhibitors in T-ALL treatment.

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Venugopal, Smrruthi Vaidegi. "Differential Roles of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complexes 1 and 2 in Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/189.

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In this study, we investigated differential activation and the role of two mTOR complexes in cell migration of prostate cancer cells. Specific knock-down of endogenous RAPTOR and RICTOR by siRNA resulted in decreased cell migration in LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 cells indicating that both mTORC1 and mTORC2 are required for cell migration. EGF treatment induced the activation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 as determined by complex-specific phosphorylation of mTOR protein. Specific knock-down or inhibition of Rac1 activity in PC3 cells blocked EGF-induced activation of mTORC2, but had no effect on mTORC1 activation. Furthermore, the over-expression of constitutively active Rac1 (Rac1Q61L) resulted in significant increase in cell migration and activation of mTORC2 in PC3 cells, but had no effect on mTORC1 activation. Constitutively active Rac1 (Rac1Q61L) in PC3 cells was localized in the plasma membrane and was found to be in a protein complex which contained mTOR and RICTOR proteins, but not RAPTOR. In conclusion, we suggested that EGF-induced activation of Rac1 causes the phosphorylation/activation of mTORC2 via RICTOR, specific regulator of mTORC2 activation in numerous cancer cells. The major role played by mTOR in a wide array of cancers has in the recent decades led to the development of numerous mTOR inhibitors. One of the drawback of these first generation mTOR inhibitors are that m TORC1 activity is inhibited but effect on mTORC2 activity require high dosages and prolonged exposure in different cancer cell types including HeLa, PC3, LNCaP, and A549. High dosage of rapamycin and its associated rapalogs required for mTORC2 inhibition is clinically unsuitable. Studies have shown that the dual mTORC1/C2 inhibitors trigger feedback loops causing metastasis and affect the cell viability of normal tissues in vitro and in vivo. There is a need for specific mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor, which overcome the disadvantages of the previously developed mTOR inhibitors. The Rac1-RICTOR axis suggested in this study could be used as a potential target for the development of mTORC2 inhibitor and lead to a potential therapeutic treatment for aggressive prostate cancer.

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Stellwagen, Florian [Verfasser], Jürgen E. [Akademischer Betreuer] Gschwend, Angela [Akademischer Betreuer] Krackhardt, and Margitta [Akademischer Betreuer] Retz. "Bedeutung des PI3K/mTOR Signalweges als Ziel einer Target- Therapie im Harnblasenkarzinom / Florian Stellwagen. Gutachter: Jürgen E. Gschwend ; Angela Krackhardt ; Margitta Retz. Betreuer: Jürgen E. Gschwend." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104718530X/34.

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Geng, Xinyan. "Investigations into how best to target FGFR2 mutant endometrial cancer." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/123437/1/Xinyan%20Geng%20Thesis.pdf.

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Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common cancer in women in developed countries, such as North America, Europe and Australia. Patients with low-grade, early-stage disease usually have a favourable survival rate. However, patients that present at an advanced stage of disease have an average survival of only 12 months. Current treatments for these patients are radiation and chemotherapy, which offer limited clinical benefit. There is no efficient treatment for advanced EC. Improved therapeutic approaches are needed for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic endometrial cancer. Recent advances in cancer biology have resulted in the development of molecular targeted therapies. The Fibroblast Growth Factors Receptor (FGFR) family and their ligands (fibroblast growth factors, FGFs) regulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes as well as tissue patterning and organogenesis during embryogenesis. Abnormally activated FGFRs have been identified in various cancers and are emerging as potential therapeutic targets. The Pollock laboratory and other groups have demonstrated that 10-20% of endometrioid ECs carry FGFR2 mutations that may be a novel therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma. Preclinical studies show that inhibition of FGFR can inhibit EC cell growth in vitro. However, FGFR inhibitors are not as efficient at inhibiting tumour growth in vivo. We aim to find a way to improve the efficacy of FGFR inhibition in cancer treatment. About 90% of EC patients harbour genetic aberrations in the components of the PI3K/AKT pathway which indicates this signalling pathway plays an important role in the development of EC. Work from our lab demonstrates that inhibition of FGFR results in abrogation of MAPK activation in sensitive EC cells, however, the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway remains unaffected. PI3K/AKT signalling plays a vital role in cancer cell proliferation and survival, furthermore crosstalk between the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways is associated with resistance to targeted therapies. Thus, the first aim of this study was to examine whether combination of the FGFR inhibitor (BGJ398) with various different PI3K inhibitors was synergistic in FGFRi sensitive EC cells. We present data that the combination of the pan-FGFR inhibitor (BGJ398) with pan-PI3K inhibitors (GDC-0941, BKM120) or a p110α-selective PI3K inhibitor (BYL719) was synergistic in inhibiting cell growth. Significantly more cell death and inhibition of long-term cell survival was observed in the combination treatments compared to each of the single drug treatments. Importantly, these effects could also be observed at lower concentrations. This study is the first to indicate that partial inhibition of the PI3K signalling pathway could significantly increase cell death when combined with the FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 in FGFR2 mutant EC cells. These data provide evidence that sub-therapeutic doses of PI3K inhibitors could enhance the efficacy of anti-FGFR therapies and a combination therapy may represent a superior therapeutic treatment in FGFR2 mutant EC patients. The in vivo work (conducted by Dr Vanessa Bonazzi) shows that the combination of BGJ398 and GDC-0941 and BYL719 resulted in tumour regression, while single drug treatment only slowed tumour growth. Interestingly, BYL719 alone resulted in increased tumour growth in tumour xenografts of AN3CA but not JHUEM2. In the first results chapter we further investigated the mechanism of enhanced cell death from the combination of BGJ398 and PI3K inhibitors. The activation of ERK and AKT has been inhibited by the combination of BGJ398 and PI3K inhibitors. However, the combination of the MEK inhibitor trametinib and the PI3K inhibitors induced less cell death than inhibition of the FGFR and PI3K signalling pathways. BGJ398 but not trametinib or GDC-0941 inhibited the activity of PLCγ1. We have also found trametinib up-regulated PLCγ1 activity, which is a novel finding in the field. We next employed several pharmacological inhibitors to investigate whether PLCγ1 is involved in the cell death observed following the combination of BGJ398 and GDC-0941 treatment. As there is no PLCγ1 inhibitor available currently, we used two different pan-PLC inhibitors, manoalide and U73122. Co-inhibition of the MAPK, PI3K/AKT and PLC signalling recapitulated cell growth inhibition seen with the combination of FGFR and PI3K inhibitor in both cell lines. Cell death induced by the combination of PLC inhibitors with trametinib and GDC0941 was similar as the combination BGJ398 and GDC0941 in AN3CA, but significantly less than the combination BGJ398 and GDC0941 in JHUEM2. Unfortunately, Western blotting was unable to show inhibition of PLCγ1 bringing into question whether these PLC inhibitors inhibited PLC function sufficiently, and whether the phenotypic effects of manoalide and U73122 when added to the trametinib and GDC0941 combination are due to inhibition of PLCγ1. The second results chapter reports efforts to identify the mechanism of intrinsic resistance to FGFR inhibition in EC cell lines carrying FGFR2 activating mutations but showing intrinsic resistance to FGFR inhibition (EI, EN1078D, and MFE319) with comparisons to the two sensitive EC cell lines (JHUEM2 and AN3CA). We have observed sustained activation of ERK in the resistant cells after treatment with an FGFR inhibitor, while ERK was inhibited in the sensitive cells. Inhibition of the MAPK signalling pathway could not sensitise the resistant cells to FGFR inhibition. Although several other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) were hyperactivated in these cells, pharmacological inhibition did not show they were reliant on these RTKs. Co-inhibition of these kinases did not sensitise these cells to BGJ398. Knockdown of FGFR2 by shRNA in the sensitive cells induced moderate cell death, but limited cell death in the resistant cells. Interestingly, co-inhibition of the MAPK, PI3K/AKT and PLC signalling pathways has induced markedly less cell growth inhibition in the resistant cells compared to the sensitive cells, suggesting the resistant cells are less dependent on these central signalling pathways than the sensitive cells. Western blotting results showed that FGFR2 expression was considerably lower in the resistant cells than in the sensitive cells. Based on these results we have concluded that FGFR2 mutation status is not the only factor that determines sensitivity to FGFR inhibition, high expression of mutant FGFR2 is also important. This is a novel finding in the field and one which could guide patient select criteria in future clinical trials. Lastly, we show that FGFR2 knockdown in medium containing 10% FBS has little impact on downstream ERK phosphorylation whereas pan FGFR inhibition with BGJ398 could totally abrogate ERK phosphorylation. In cells grown overnight in serum starved conditions, FGFR2 knockdown did reduce downstream ERK phosphorylation but not to the same extent as pan FGFR inhibition in full growth medium. These data suggest that inhibition of FGFR2 alone is insufficient and that inhibition of multiple FGFRs will be more effective as a cancer treatment.

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Books on the topic "PI3K TARGET"

How consumers pick a hotel: Strategic segmentation and target marketing. New York: Haworth Press, 1997.

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How consumers pick a hotel: Strategic segmentation and target marketing. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.

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Faithful - Target Club Pick. Simon & Schuster, 2017.

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Lacy Eye - Target Club Pick. Grand Central Pub, 2016.

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Chiarella, Jessica. And Again: Target Club Pick. Touchstone Books, 2016.

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House of Thieves - Target Club Pick. Sourcebooks Landmark, 2016.

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Fifield, Richard. The Flood Girls - Target Club Pick. Gallery Books, 2016.

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Jewell, Lisa. The Girls in the Garden: Target Club Pick. Atria Books, 2017.

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Zevin, Gabrielle. The Storied Life of Aj Fikry-target Club Pick. Algonquin Books, 2014.

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Reading Planet: Rocket Phonics - Target Practice - Ants! - Pink A. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "PI3K TARGET"

Khwaja, Asim. "PI3K as a Target for Therapy in Haematological Malignancies." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 169–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2010_71.

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Margolin, Kim A. "Targeting the mTOR, PI3K, and AKT Pathways in Melanoma." In Targeted Therapeutics in Melanoma, 107–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-407-0_8.

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Beagle, Brandon, and David A. Fruman. "The PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Network in AML." In Targeted Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 335–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1393-0_17.

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Castel, Pau, and Maurizio Scaltriti. "Mechanisms of Resistance to PI3K and AKT Inhibitors." In Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, 117–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67932-7_6.

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Fernandes, Maria Sofia, João Miguel Sanches, and Raquel Seruca. "Targeting the PI3K Signalling as a Therapeutic Strategy in Colorectal Cancer." In Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer Subtypes, 35–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02771-1_4.

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Wymann, Matthias. "PI3Ks—Drug Targets in Inflammation and Cancer." In Subcellular Biochemistry, 111–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3012-0_5.

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Roden, Dylan F., Jennifer M. Johnson, Petr Szturz, Paolo Bossi, and Athanassios Argiris. "New and Promising Targeted Therapies in First and Second-Line Settings." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 277–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_18.

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AbstractDeeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), has led to the investigation of several novel targeted therapies. These therapeutic approaches may eventually replace or complement existing treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, and specifically cetuximab, are as of now the only class of targeted agents, excluding immune checkpoint inhibitors, with approval in the treatment of HNSCC. Beyond EGFR inhibition, novel therapies under evaluation are directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR), PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, cell cycle regulation (for example, cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6), HRAS, DNA repair mechanisms, and others. Development of new therapies has to take into consideration the complexity of solid tumors and their heterogeneity. Multitargeted combination therapy approaches may be required in certain cases in order to maximize antitumor effect. Ways to individualize treatment using validated biomarkers are likely to improve outcomes. We review the most relevant molecular targets in HNSCC and provide updates on clinical trial data with promising new targeted agents.

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Carroll, Martin. "Targeting the PI3 Kinase-mTOR Signaling Pathway in AML." In Targeted Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 363–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1393-0_18.

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Harvey, R. Donald, Jeannine Silberman, and Sagar Lonial. "The PI3 Kinase/Akt Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma." In Myeloma Therapy, 309–22. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-564-0_20.

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Bonavida, Benjamin. "Sensitization of Immune-Resistant Tumor Cells to CTL-Mediated Apoptosis via Interference at the Dysregulated NF-κB/Snail/YY1/PI3K/RKIP/PTEN Resistant Loop." In Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, 177–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17807-3_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "PI3K TARGET"

Herzog, Lee-or, Bianca J. Lee, Thanh-Trang Vo, Honyin Chiu, Sharmila Mallya, Amos Fung, Mallika Singh, et al. "Abstract IA17: Strategies to target the mTORC1/eIF4F axis in B-cell leukemia and lymphoma." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; November 30-December 8, 2018; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3125.pi3k-mtor18-ia17.

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Kolev, Vihren N., Qunli Xu, Jonathan A. Pachter, and David T. Weaver. "Abstract 1525: FAK and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors target cancer stem cells: Implications for SCLC treatment strategies." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1525.

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Kwan, Suet-Yan, Daisy I. Izaguirre, Xuanjin Cheng, Suet-Ying Kwan, Yvonne TM Tsang, Hoi-Shan Kwan, and Kwong-Kwok Wong. "Abstract 4697: The PI3K/mTOR pathway is a potential therapeutic target in cancers with ARID1A mutations." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4697.

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Ehrmantrout, Kimberly K., James E. Thompson, and Angie M. Branch. "Abstract 3835: Multiple stimulants target different phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes in breast cancer cell lines." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3835.

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Kaneda, Megan, Chanae Hardamon, Michael C. Schmid, Michael Bouvet, Franco Novelli, Emilio Hirsch, Andrew Lowy, and Judith A. Varner. "Abstract IA22: Innate immune cell PI3K gamma as a target for suppression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca2014-ia22.

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Dansey, Roger. "Abstract IA18: Clinical validation of PI3Kδ as a therapeutic target in B-cell malignancy." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; September 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-8514.pi3k14-ia18.

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Petroni, Vanessa, Marie Therese Camilleri Podesta, Anthony George Fenech, and Godfrey Grech. "Abstract B22: Identification of novel drug combinations to target molecular pathways involved in breast cancer." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; September 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-8514.pi3k14-b22.

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Blanco, Elvin, Takafumi Sangai, Funda Meric-Bernstam, and Mauro Ferrari. "Chemotherapeutic Synergy Enhancement Through Micellar Nanotherapeutics." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13263.

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Current chemotherapeutic regimens involve the administration of a combination of agents with hopes of gaining synergistic cell-killing effects observed in vitro. However, drug synergy is rarely realized clinically given the different pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs. Recent findings show that a combination of rapamycin and paclitaxel proves highly effective at hindering growth of tumors wherein the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Our objective was to fabricate a micellar nanotherapeutic platform capable of delivering a multitude of agents shown to synergistically affect a specific pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) in breast cancer. We hypothesized that this concomitant delivery strategy will result in increased antitumor efficacy, given the site-specific and controlled delivery of the two agents. Herein, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of a nanotherepeutic strategy for the treatment of breast tumors with aberrant PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Resulting polymer micelles were small in size (∼30 nm) and showed high levels of drug incorporation efficiency of both rapamycin and paclitaxel. Current studies involve the examination of release kinetics and antitumor efficacy in in vitro and in vivo models.

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Bohnacker, Thomas, Florent Beaufils, Andrea E. Prota, John E. Burke, Anna Melone, Alison J. Inglis, Ludovico Fusco, et al. "Abstract 671: BKM120-mediated G2 arrest: Structural and functional segregation of off-target action and PI3K inhibition." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-671.

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Ronecker, Jennifer S., Paul Lee, Sudeepta Sridhara, Michael LaBagnara, Raj Murali, and Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal. "Abstract 1280: The intersection of the PI3K/mTOR and HIPPO pathways: a potential therapeutic target for medulloblastoma." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1280.

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Reports on the topic "PI3K TARGET"

Ilic, Nina. Approaching Resistance to Targeted Inhibition of PI3K in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555900.

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Chen, Xiaole, Peng Wang, Yunquan Luo, Yi-Yu Lu, Wenjun Zhou, Mengdie Yang, Jian Chen, Zhi-Qiang Meng, and Shi-Bing Su. Therapeutic Efficacy Evaluation and Underlying Mechanisms Prediction of Jianpi Liqi Decoction for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Science Repository, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jso.2021.02.04.sup.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic effects of Jianpi Liqi decoction (JPLQD) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: The characteristics and outcomes of HCC patients with intermediate stage B who underwent sequential conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (cTACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) only or in conjunction with JPLQD were analysed retrospectively. The plasma proteins were screened using label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. The effective mechanisms of JPLQD were predicted through network pharmacology approach and partially verified by ELISA. Results: Clinical research demonstrated that the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, neutropenia and bilirubin, median progression-free survival (PFS), and median overall survival (OS) in HCC patients treated with JPLQD were superior to those in patients not treated with JPLQD (all P<0.05). The analysis of network pharmacology, combined with proteomics, suggested that 52 compounds targeted 80 potential targets, which were involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, especially affecting the apoptosis-related pathways including TNF, p53, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK. Plasma IGFBP3 and CA2 were significantly up-regulated in HCC patients with sequential cTACE and RFA therapy treated with JPLQD than those in patients not treated with JPLQD (P<0.001). The AUC of the IGFBP3 and CA2 panel, estimated using ROC analysis for JPLQD efficacy evaluation, was 0.867. Conclusion: These data suggested that JPLQD improves the quality of life, prolongs the overall survival, protects liver function in HCC patients, and exhibits an anticancer activity against HCC. IGFBP3 and CA2 panels may be potential therapeutic targets and indicators in the efficacy evaluation for JPLQD treatment, and the effective mechanisms involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, possibly affected the regulation of apoptosis.

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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti, Vivid Amalia Khusna, and Inka B. Yusgiantoro. Crowdfunding Potential: Willingness to Invest and Donate for Green Project in Indonesia. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/pycrr-1.

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Highlights • Individual investors prefer to have an investment with high ROI rather than a low-profit investment with environmental and social benefits. • Males invest and donate more money than females in terms of quantity and frequency. • People with a level of education above an associate degree (D3) have a significantly higher level of willingness to invest and donate to green project, compared to people with a lower level of education. • In general, people with a higher income level have a higher willingness to invest. However, there is no proof on the relationship between level of income and willingness to donate. • The age increases have a positive correlation with the willingness to invest in green project. Nevertheless, people >44 years old are more interested in donating than investing. • The younger generation (<44 years) tends to pick higher returns and short payback periods compared to the older generations (>44 years). • The respondents tend to invest and donate to the project located in the frontier, outermost, and least developed region (3T) even though the majority of the respondents are from Java, Madura, and Bali. • A social project such as health and education are preferable projects chosen by the respondents to invest and donate to, followed by the conservation, climate crisis, region’s welfare, and clean energy access. • Clean energy has not been seen as one of the preferred targets for green project investors and donors due to the poor knowledge of its direct impact on the environment and people’s welfare. • The average willingness to invest and donate is IDR 10,527,004 and IDR 2,893,079/person/annum with desired return on investment (ROI) and payback period (PP) of 5–8% 24 months, respectively. • Respondents prefer to donate more money to reward donations than donations without reward. • There is an enormous potential of crowdfunding as green project alternative financing, including renewable energy. The total investment could reach up to IDR 192 trillion (USD 13.4 billion)/annum and up to IDR 46 trillion (USD 3.2 billion)/annum for donation. • The main bottlenecks are poor financial literacy and the lack of platforms to facilitate public participation. • COVID-19 has decreased willingness to pay and invest due to income reduction and the uncertain economic recovery situation. However, it makes people pay more attention to the sustainability factor (shifting paradigm in investment).

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Academic literature on the topic 'PI3K TARGET'

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Reports on the topic "PI3K TARGET"