Journal articles on the topic 'PI-BESS'
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1
Hussain, Israfil, Dulal Chandra Das, Nidul Sinha, Abdul Latif, S. M. Suhail Hussain, and Taha Selim Ustun. "Performance Assessment of an Islanded Hybrid Power System with Different Storage Combinations Using an FPA-Tuned Two-Degree-of-Freedom (2DOF) Controller." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 5610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215610.
Abstract:
During the past few decades, there has been significant growth in the renewable energy market because of increased concern over global warming and the continuous depletion of fossil fuel resources. There is a promising solar thermal technology that utilizes low-temperature heat to generate electricity. The conversion process of thermal energy to electricity is based on the principle of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). This study investigated a novel islanded hybrid power system consisting of an ORC low temperature solar thermal system, wind (WTG), diesel generation (DEG) set, and combined application of an energy storage system (ESS), such as a battery (BESS), super magnetic energy storage (SMES), and an ultracapacitor (UC) unit. Furthermore, the hybrid system was employed with a single controller (one of proportional-integral (PI), PI with derivative (PID), two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) PI, and 2DOF PID controllers) with proportionate gains to the DEG, and the ESS, which is another unique aspect of this work. Moreover, a comparative performance assessment of the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) to tune the PI, PID, 2DOF PI, and 2DOF PID controllers was carried out. Finally, the performance of the above hybrid system was compared with different ESS combinations, namely, (i) only BESS, (ii) BESS + UC, and (iii) BESS + SMES. The simulation results indicated that a renewable integrated isolated power system with BESS + SMES provided a better response than the other ESS combinations. In fact, the presence of comparative dynamic responses verified the superiority of an FPA-tuned 2DOF PID compared with other FPA-tuned controllers.
2
Jha, Rajeev, Baseem Khan, Om Prakash Mahela, Elisabeth Caro Montero, Yeshitila Hailu Tessema, and Dejene Hurissa Boku. "Adaptation of Battery Energy Storage System on Under-Frequency Load Shedding Scheme Design." Journal of Autonomous Intelligence 5, no. 2 (March 31, 2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jai.v5i2.542.
Abstract:
The reliable operation of power systems is crucial for ensuring uninterrupted power supply to consumers. However, any deficiency in power generation can lead to frequency deviation, disrupting the entire power system. To address this challenge, an active power source with a fast response, such as a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), can prove to be a highly effective countermeasure. The BESS has gained immense popularity for its diverse applications, including load leveling, frequency and voltage support during loss of generation, improving transient and dynamic stability, and enhancing power quality. This has made the BESS an invaluable contribution to power system restructuring. One of the most important applications of the BESS is in Load Frequency Control, where a proportional-integral (PI) controller is employed to modify the power output of the BESS, resulting in further optimization of the system. In this work, a two-area hydro-thermal interconnected system is considered, and simulations are performed in MATLAB to analyze the impact of the BESS with and without a PI Controller. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the load shedding amount, and the under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme is made even more effective, ensuring the reliable and uninterrupted operation of the power system.
3
Abdillah, Muhammad, Rozan Haqi Pratama, Nita Indriani Pertiwi, and Herlambang Setiadi. "Retired electric vehicle battery to reduce the load frequency control oscillation in the micro grid system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 3 (October 7, 2022): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i3.pp1266-1275.
Abstract:
The potential of a retired electric vehicle battery (REVB) is its capacity to provide backup power supply to the power system grid. This paper proposed energy storage system (ESS) based on REVB called retired battery energy storage system (retired BESS) to tackle the intermittent of renewable energy source such as wind turbine and dynamic load change. To examine the efficacy of the proposed technique, the load frequency control (LFC) of microgrid (MG) system is utilized in this study and the proposed technique is compared to conventional LFC controller, PI controllers, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), and a new electric vehicle battery. The kind of retired BESS cell used in this study is Li-ion nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) type with a state of charge as of 70%. The capacity of each cell for retired BESS is 38 Ah. From the simulation result, the use of retired BESS can reduce frequency oscillation, compress the settling time to reach steady state, and maintain the robustness of the MG system. A retired BESS has a minimum error performance index value compared to conventional LFC, proportional integral (PI) controller, and SMES.
4
Singh, Pradeep, Krishan Arora, Umesh C. Rathore, Eunmok Yang, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, and Kwang Chul Son. "Performance Evaluation of Grid-Connected DFIG-Based WECS with Battery Energy Storage System under Wind Alterations Using FOPID Controller for RSC." Mathematics 11, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11092100.
Abstract:
In the present energy scenario, wind energy is the fastest-growing renewable energy resource on the globe. However, wind-energy-based generation systems are also associated with increasing demands for power quality and active power control in the power network. With the advancements in power-electronics-based technology and its use in non-conventional energy conversion systems, it has witnessed tremendous growth in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). At the same time, integrating wind farms into the grid system also results in many power quality issues in the power system that involve these renewable energy sources feeding power networks. This paper reports the effectiveness of grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based WECS with a battery energy storage system (BESS) under variable wind conditions. In this study, a rotor side converter (RSC) is controlled to achieve the optimal torque for a given maximal wind power. The control scheme is simulated using MATLAB for a 2 MW-rated DFIG used in a WECS. Additionally, in this paper, a new fraction order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller is introduced into the system’s RSC, and its performance is also observed. The BESS technique is used with a DC link to improve the overall performance of the DFIG-based WECS under different wind conditions. To control the BESS, a proportional integral (PI) controller is introduced to increase the charging and discharging rates. Two models are developed in MATLAB/Simulink: one model is a basic model, and other model is equipped with a BESS and a PI controller in the BESS. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed PI-controller-equipped BESS at improving the overall performance of the WECS system under study.
5
Ali, Syed Umaid, Asad Waqar, Muhammad Aamir, Saeed Mian Qaisar, and Jamshed Iqbal. "Model predictive control of consensus-based energy management system for DC microgrid." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): e0278110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278110.
Abstract:
The increasing deployment and exploitation of distributed renewable energy source (DRES) units and battery energy storage systems (BESS) in DC microgrids lead to a promising research field currently. Individual DRES and BESS controllers can operate as grid-forming (GFM) or grid-feeding (GFE) units independently, depending on the microgrid operational requirements. In standalone mode, at least one controller should operate as a GFM unit. In grid-connected mode, all the controllers may operate as GFE units. This article proposes a consensus-based energy management system based upon Model Predictive Control (MPC) for DRES and BESS individual controllers to operate in both configurations (GFM or GFE). Energy management system determines the mode of power flow based on the amount of generated power, load power, solar irradiance, wind speed, rated power of every DG, and state of charge (SOC) of BESS. Based on selection of power flow mode, the role of DRES and BESS individual controllers to operate as GFM or GFE units, is decided. MPC hybrid cost function with auto-tuning weighing factors will enable DRES and BESS converters to switch between GFM and GFE. In this paper, a single hybrid cost function has been proposed for both GFM and GFE. The performance of the proposed energy management system has been validated on an EU low voltage benchmark DC microgrid by MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation and also compared with Proportional Integral (PI) & Sliding Mode Control (SMC) technique. It has been noted that as compared to PI & SMC, MPC technique exhibits settling time of less than 1μsec and 5% overshoot.
6
Dai, Xiaokun, Yang Song, and Taicheng Yang. "Modelling and region stability analysis of wind turbines with battery energy storage system based on switched system with multi-equilibriums." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 6 (March 7, 2019): 1519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219832161.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the modelling and control for wind turbine combined with a battery energy storage system (WT/BESS). A proportional-integral (PI) controller of pitch angle is applied to adjust the output power of WT, and a method for battery scheduling is presented for maintaining the state of charging (SOC) of BESS. When the battery level is below the lower limit, we increase the expected output power of wind turbine through raising the operation point to charge the battery. Considering the effect of charging/discharging, a switched linear system model with two equilibriums is presented firstly for such WT/BESS system. The region stability is analyzed and an approach for estimating the corresponding stable region is also given. The effectiveness of the proposed results is demonstrated by a numerical example.
7
Kumar, Ashwini, and Omveer Singh. "Optimal AGC of a power system incorporated BESS-EHVAC/DC link using evolutionary techniques." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1322-1330.
Abstract:
This research paper reveals the design of controller with optimization techniques for automatic generation control (AGC) in multi-area power system incorporated with diverse energy sources. The diverse sources are conventional thermal, hydro and gas power station (THG). The frequency deviations should be remains constant in modern power systems. Optimization techniques used for proposed model for proportional integral (PI) controller which is tuned for AGC with diverse energy sources. The battery energy storage system (BESS) and extra high voltage alternating current/ direct current (EHVAC/DC) link investigated with proposed model. The proposed model has been tested with 1% step load perturbation (SLP) and MATLAB/Simulink verified their results. All the simulation results justified the area control error (ACE) with frequency deviation & tie-line power flow for area-1 and area-2. The comparative study done for PI controller with GA & PSO in the proposed model. It has shown its efficacy with proposed model including BESS and EHVAC/DC- link using GA and PSO.
8
Juma, Mwaka I., Bakari M. M. Mwinyiwiwa, Consalva J. Msigwa, and Aviti T. Mushi. "Design of a Hybrid Energy System with Energy Storage for Standalone DC Microgrid Application." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 5994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185994.
Abstract:
This paper presents microgrid-distributed energy resources (DERs) for a rural standalone system. It is made up of a solar photovoltaic (solar PV) system, battery energy storage system (BESS), and a wind turbine coupled to a permanent magnet synchronous generator (WT-PMSG). The DERs are controlled by maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-based proportional integral (PI) controllers for both maximum power tracking and error feedback compensation. The MPPT uses the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm for tracking the maximum power point of the DERs. The PI gains are tuned using the Ziegler–Nichols method. The developed system was built and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under two conditions—constant load, and step-load changes. The controllers enabled the BESS to charge even during conditions of varying load and other environmental factors such as change of irradiance and wind speed. The reference was tracked extremely well by the output voltage of the DC microgrid. This is useful research for electrifying the rural islanded areas which are too far from the grid.
9
Balanagu, P., and M. Umavani. "A Fuzzy-Logic Based Control Methodology in Microgrids in the Presence of Renewable Energy Units." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.20 (April 18, 2018): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.14778.
Abstract:
The mix of conveyed ages, for example, photovoltaic and wind and additionally substantial load varieties prompts the significant issue of recurrence soundness issue. This paper shows a multi-arrange recurrence control for microgrids. Vitality stockpiling frameworks, for example, BESSs are chosen as an adaptable and quick reaction gadget for this application. In the main stage, a PI control strategy in view of PSO for the BESS is connected so as to limit the recurrence deviations. Also, in possibility modes, in which the BESS with the enhanced PI control application can't balance out the framework because of the uneven circumstance of free market activity, quick response of the focal control framework administrator is essential so as to shield the system from crumple. Thus, in the second phase of the control, a Fuzzy-rationale recurrence controller as a brilliant controller is outlined. This controller proposes arrangements through power level change, for example, stack shedding in a brief time frame to save the system from instability. The proposed technique is approved by an arrangement of reproductions on a delegate microgrid. The viability of the proposed multi-organize control is delineated through the correlation with the one-arrange controller without the Fuzzy-rationale part.
10
Subhash, Bochu, and Veramalla Rajagopal. "EPLL Control Technique Optimum Controller Gains to Control Voltage and Frequency in Standalone Wind Energy Conversion System." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 24, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.240108.
Abstract:
This study describes how to regulate the frequency and terminal voltage of a freestanding wind energy conversion system using an Enhanced Phase Locked Loop (EPLL)-based strategy to supply power to varied loads regardless of wind speed. In a standalone wind turbine energy conversion system, the EPLL control scheme extracts the reference source currents (SWECS). The control algorithm employs two proportional-integral (PI) controllers to create the active and reactive power components of the consumers' load currents, estimate reference source currents, and connect the zigzag transformer to PCC with VSC for neutral current compensation. To obtain optimal PI controller gains and most-suited settings to apply to SWECS, optimization approaches are used. The control algorithm is the most significant aspect of the system, and the speed with which it calculates, evaluates, and guesstimates determines the generation of source currents based on the algorithm's ideal controller PI gains. By properly estimating source currents, the EPLL control method improves dynamics and power quality issues, and the optimization technique is employed to acquire the gains of PI controllers. The proposed system employs the EPLL algorithm on a three-phase, four-wire system with changing loads to achieve ideal total harmonic distortion of source currents and voltages on the PCC, as defined by IEEE-519 standards. A battery energy storage device coupled to the VSC dc link keeps the load's necessary power constant. If the generator output exceeds the consumer demand, the excess power is delivered to BESS for temporary storage. When consumer demand exceeds generated power, a BESS delivers deficit power to the load, which adjusts and the frequency under various load conditions. The suggested system simulated results were tested with 3-phase 4-wire for harmonics reduction, load balancing, neutral wire current compensation, frequency and voltage control using MATLAB / Simulink.
11
V. S. R. Pavan, Kumar, V. Swathi, Ganesh G. Sai, V. Sravani, and Vardhan S. Harsha. "Load frequency controller for an islanded hybrid power system using WCO." i-manager's Journal on Circuits and Systems 11, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jcir.11.1.19971.
Abstract:
This research proposes a new metaheuristic algorithm based on World Cup Optimization (WCO) to determine the optimal values of the Proportional Integral Deviation (PID) controller for the load frequency control problem. An islanded hybrid power system consists of a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), Diesel Generation (DEG), and an Energy Storage System (ESS), such as a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Super Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), and an Ultra Capacitor (UC) unit. A single-area power system was designed as a model network for the MATLAB-Simulink simulation. Furthermore, a hybrid system was employed with Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers and PI derivative controllers with proportionate gains to the DEG, and an ESS. A comparative performance assessment of the WCP was conducted to tune the PI and PID controllers. The simulation results indicate that a renewable integrated isolated power system with an Energy Storage System (ESS) tuned with a PID controller provides better responses than the PI controller for different loading conditions. Based on time settling, transient, and overshoot analysis, it is proven that a WCO-tuned PID controller is better than a PI controller.
12
Rajput, Amit, and Jagdeep Lather. "Energy management and dc bus voltage stabilization in a HRES based DC microgrid using HESS." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 20, no. 2 (2023): 243–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2302243r.
Abstract:
This paper proposes a control strategy with stability analysis for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in a DC microgrid (DCMG) consisting of hybrid renewable energy sources (HRESs). The proposed control strategy effectively regulates DC bus voltage (DBV), maintains a balance in demand-generation and improves the power quality by flattening the intermittency in PV generation. The proposed configuration harnesses the advantage of both battery energy storage system (BESS) and supercapacitor (SC) energy storage system (SCESS) in the HESS through their effective utilization as per their power and energy densities. A filtration-based control (FBC) has been proposed using PI controllers to generate the reference signals as per inherent internal characteristics of BESS and SCESS. The efficacy of the proposed configuration is analyzed through simulations using Simscape? module of MATLAB? software. The results are further validated using the FPGA-based real-time simulator Opal-RT.
13
Susaikani, Augusti Lindiya, Subashini Nallusamy, Uma Dharmalingam, Yonis M. Buswig, Natarajan Prabaharan, and Mohamed Salem. "Integrated PV–BESS-Fed High Gain Converter for an LED Lighting System in a Commercial Building." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912296.
Abstract:
The demand for electricity is rapidly growing and renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and tidal energy can compensate the demand to a substantial level. Among these, solar energy is abundant, scalable and is cheaper. The generated energy can be used in an efficient way if the DC output is directly supplied to the load instead of converting it to AC. Every electrical system is capable of operating in DC and, for example, energy efficient Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights have become popular as they provides more lumens with less power consumption and also can be directly operated from DC. LED lighting system in large commercial buildings has irradiance levels which vary sigificantly during operation. Extracting maximum power from the energy system and maintaining constant voltage output at different loads is another challenge. This paper proposes a solar Photo Voltaic (PV)-based energy system including Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for supplying LED lamps to a commercial building through a modified high gain Luo converter. The Perturb and Observe control algorithm has been used for maximum power extraction from a PV cell whereas PI (Proportional Integral) controllers maintain constant output voltage from PV–BESS against different irradiance levels. To supply the desired voltages to the LED lighting system, a modified high gain Luo converter is designed. To make the output voltage constant at different load currents, PI and Sliding Mode Controllers (SMC) are designed with the help of the state-space average model. It is found that the sliding mode controller outperforms the PI controller in terms of behavior in the transient period and tracking capability. The system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink®. The Sliding Mode Controller has a 95% less transient period and is 75% faster in tracking capability when compared to other controllers. The system could be incorporated with the PV source to obtain green energy.
14
Ghosh, Subarto Kumar, Tushar Kanti Roy, Md Abu Hanif Pramanik, Ajay Krishno Sarkar, and Md Apel Mahmud. "An Energy Management System-Based Control Strategy for DC Microgrids with Dual Energy Storage Systems." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112992.
Abstract:
In this work, a control strategy is developed for different components in DC microgrids where set points for all controllers are determined from an energy management system (EMS). The proposed EMS-based control scheme is developed for DC microgrids with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems as the primary generation units along with energy storage systems. In this work, the concept of dual energy storage systems (DESSs) is used, which includes a battery energy storage system (BESS) and supercapacitor (SC). The main feature of this DESS is to improve the dynamic performance of DC microgrids during severe transients appearing from changes in load demands as well as in the output power from solar PV units. Furthermore, the proposed EMS-based control scheme aims to enhance the lifetime of the BESS in DC microgrids with DESSs and voltage stability as compared to the same without SCs. The proposed EMS-based control strategy uses proportional-integral (PI) controllers to regulate the switching control actions for different converters within the DC microgrid based on the decision obtained from the EMS in order to achieve the desired control objectives. The performance of the proposed scheme was analyzed through simulation results in terms of improving the voltage stability, maintaining the power balance, and enhancing the lifetime of BESSs within a DC microgrid framework incorporated with the DESS. The simulations are carried out in the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform and compared with a similar approach having only a single energy storage system, i.e., the BESS.
15
Suresh, Velamuri, Nikhil Pachauri, and T. Vigneysh. "Decentralized control strategy for fuel cell/PV/BESS based microgrid using modified fractional order PI controller." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 5 (January 2021): 4417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.050.
16
Hasan, Md Mahamudul, Shahid Jaman, Thomas Geury, and Omar Hegazy. "Performance Assessment of a Grid-Connected Two-Stage Bidirectional Converter for a Combined PV–Battery Energy Storage System." Energies 16, no. 11 (June 1, 2023): 4486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114486.
Abstract:
This paper presents a comprehensive performance assessment of a two-stage power electronic (PE) converter for interfacing the grid of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system (Li-BESS) for building-integrated PV (BIPV) applications. A performance assessment of the control system was conducted for the two-stage PE interface with a common DC-link, which consisted of a bi-directional boost converter with a cascaded PI controller and an AC/DC converter with proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-resonant (PR) controllers. The assessment covered loss analysis and useful lifetime estimation for the 10 kW PE interface with a wide-bandgap SiC power MOSFET at different loads for both the charging and discharging modes of a 50 kWh lithium-ion battery system. Additionally, a performance comparison of various switching frequencies was performed. It was observed that the system was stable up to a switching frequency of 30 kHz, and that increasing the switching frequency improved the responsiveness of the converter by decreasing the settling time; however, there were diminishing returns at higher switching frequencies. To obtain a proper balance between responsiveness and lower loss, a switching frequency of 10 kHz was selected.
17
Alazrag, A., and L. Sbita. "Asynchronous Machine with Wind Turbine IRFO Control." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 17 (June 30, 2022): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.15.
Abstract:
The paper deals with a squirrel cage induction generator connected to the grid through a back-to-back converter driven by vector control. The stator-side converter controls the generator torque by means of an indirect vector control scheme. In order to reduce the system dependence from the mechanical system behavior, a torque loop is used in the current reference calculations. The battery energy storage system (BESS) plays a fundamental role in controlling and improving the efficiency of renewable energy sources. Stochasticity of wind speed and reliability of the main system components are considered. The grid-side converter controls the DC bus voltage and the reactive power in order to accomplish the grid codes. Speed control using flow directional control, indirect conventionally uses proportional integral (PI) type current regulators, which achieve satisfactory objectives on torque and flow dynamics. The objective of this article is to present an indirect vector control strategy with oriented rotor flux using current regulators of the proportional integral (PI) type, applied to an asynchronous machine supplied by a voltage inverter, capable of supplying during restrictive stresses, more satisfactory torque and flux responses. The obtained simulation results upon simulation tests of the global system are developed under the MATLAB / Simulink environment and are satisfactory.
18
Mishra, Debani Prasad, Amba Subhadarshini Nayak, Truptasha Tripathy, Surender Reddy Salkuti, and Sanhita Mishra. "A novel artificial neural network for power quality improvement in AC microgrid." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i4.pp2151-2159.
Abstract:
The microgrid concept provides a flexible power supply to the utility where the conventional grid is unable to supply. The microgrid structure is based on renewable energy sources known as distributed generators (DGs) and the power network. Nevertheless, the power quality (PQ) is a great challenge in the microgrid concept. Particularly the inclusion of renewable energy sources into the conventional grids increases the problems in the quality of power, like voltage sag/swell, oscillatory transient, voltage flickering, and voltage notching which reduces the quality and reliability of the power supply. In this paper, a microgrid is considered which consists of PV cells as DG, battery energy storage system (BESS), and a novel control strategy known as the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX). The proposed controller is an improved artificial neural network (ANN). The various case studies like sag/swell, unbalanced condition, and voltage deviation have been simulated with the model. The comprehensive simulation results are compared with the proportional-integral (PI) controller. Hence in this paper, the robustness of the proposed controller has been studied through different situations.
19
Ray, Prakash, Soumya Mohanty, and Nand Kishor. "Small-Signal Analysis of Autonomous Hybrid Distributed Generation Systems in Presence of Ultracapacitor and Tie-Line Operation." Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0029-0.
Abstract:
Small-Signal Analysis of Autonomous Hybrid Distributed Generation Systems in Presence of Ultracapacitor and Tie-Line OperationThis paper presents small-signal analysis of isolated as well as interconnected autonomous hybrid distributed generation system for sudden variation in load demand, wind speed and solar radiation. The hybrid systems comprise of different renewable energy resources such as wind, photovoltaic (PV) fuel cell (FC) and diesel engine generator (DEG) along with the energy storage devices such as flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and battery energy storage system (BESS). Further ultracapacitors (UC) as an alternative energy storage element and interconnection of hybrid systems through tie-line is incorporated into the system for improved performance. A comparative assessment of deviation of frequency profile for different hybrid systems in the presence of different storage system combinations is carried out graphically as well as in terms of the performance index (PI),ieintegral square error (ISE). Both qualitative and quantitative analysis reflects the improvements of the deviation in frequency profiles in the presence of the ultracapacitors (UC) as compared to other energy storage elements.
20
Amiri, Farhad, Mohsen Eskandari, and Mohammad Hassan Moradi. "Virtual Inertia Control in Autonomous Microgrids via a Cascaded Controller for Battery Energy Storage Optimized by Firefly Algorithm and a Comparison Study with GA, PSO, ABC, and GWO." Energies 16, no. 18 (September 14, 2023): 6611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186611.
Abstract:
Modern (micro) grids host inverter-based generation units for utilizing renewable and sustainable energy resources. Due to the lack of physical inertia and, thus, the low inertia level of inverter-interfaced energy resources, the frequency dynamic is adversely affected, which critically impacts the stability of autonomous microgrids. The idea of virtual inertia control (VIC), assisted by battery energy storage systems (BESSs), has been presented to improve the frequency dynamic in islanded microgrids. This study presents the PD-FOPID cascaded controller for the BESS, a unique method for enhancing the performance of VIC in islanded microgrids. Using the firefly algorithm (FA), the settings of this controller are optimally tuned. This approach is robust to disruptions due to uncertainties in islanded microgrids. In several scenarios, the performance of the suggested approach is compared with those of other control techniques, such as VIC based on an MPC controller, VIC based on a robust H-infinite controller, adaptive VIC, and VIC based on an optimized PI controller. The simulation results in MATLAB show that the suggested methodology in the area of VIC is better than previous methods.
21
Shri, K. Karly, and C. Vennila. "Solar Charging Station for LEV: A Design and Feasibility Study." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 4407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51307.
Abstract:
Abstract: As the need for sophisticated transportation system rises due to economic development and cultural comfort, global warming and some dangerous climate changes are becoming more frequent. Every government is promoting the use of electric vehicles to combat the problem of global warming caused by the transportation.(EVs), As the number of electric vehicles on the road increases, charging EVs using infrastructure based on fossil fuel is neither efficient nor cost effective. As a result, an electric vehicle charging station that uses renewable energy has tremendous potential and control. In the present situation, a battery energy storage system and a solar powered electric vehicle charging station are necessary. For effective power management in the charging station between solar, BESS, grid and EVs, an efficient charging station design with Incremental conductance (INC) voltage controlled MPPT, PI controller, grid with inverter is design and evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink. Additional grid assistance is advised to ensure that the charging station has uninterrupted power without adding to the load on the grid.
22
Goud, B. Srikanth, Ch Rami Reddy, Mohit Bajaj, Ehab E. Elattar, and Salah Kamel. "Power Quality Improvement Using Distributed Power Flow Controller with BWO-Based FOPID Controller." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 11194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011194.
Abstract:
The integration of hybrid renewable energy sources (HRESs) into the grid is currently being encouraged to meet the increasing demand for electric power and reduce fossil fuels which are causing environmental-related problems. Integration of HRESs into the grid can create some power quality (PQ) problems. To mitigate PQ problems and improve the performance of grid-connected HRESs some flexible devices should be used. This paper presents a distributed power flow controller (DPFC), as a type of flexible device to mitigate some PQ problems, including voltage sag, swell, disruptions, and eliminating the harmonics in a hybrid power system (HPS). The HPS presented in this work comprises a photo voltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (WT) and battery energy storage system (BESS). As a result, black widow optimization (BWO) with DPFC with real and reactive power (DPFC-PQ) is built in this paper to solve the PQ issues in HRES systems. The main aim of the work is to mitigate PQ problems and compensate for load demand in the HRES scheme. The controller used to drive this DPFC-PQ is a fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller optimized by the black widow optimization (BWO) technique. To assess the capability of BWO in fine-tuning the FOPID controller parameters, twelve optimization techniques were presented: P&O, PSO, Cuckoo, GA, GSA, BBO, Whale, ESA, RFA, ASO, and EVORFA. Additionally, a comparison between the FOPID controller and the classical PI controller is introduced. The results showed that the proposed BWO-FOPID controller for DFPC had mitigated the PQ problems in grid-connected HRESs. The system’s performance with the presented BWO-FOPID controller is compared with eleven optimization techniques used to optimize the FOPID controller and also compared with the conventional PI controller. The design of the proposed system is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink platform and performances were analyzed.
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Riahi, Jamel, Silvano Vergura, Dhafer Mezghani, and Abdelkader Mami. "Smart and Renewable Energy System to Power a Temperature-Controlled Greenhouse." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 5499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175499.
Abstract:
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a Multi-Source Power System (MSPS)—composed of two renewable energy sources and supported by a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)—to supply the ventilation and heating system for a temperature-controlled agricultural greenhouse. The first one is a photovoltaic (PV) generator connected to a DC/AC inverter and the second one is a wind turbine connected to a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The temperature contribution in the model of the PV generator is deeply studied. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control based on fuzzy logic is used to drive a SEPIC converter to feed the maximum power to the greenhouse actuators. The operation of the actuators (ventilation and heating systems), on the basis of the mismatch between the internal temperature and the reference one, is controlled by a PI controller optimized by fuzzy logic, for more robust results. The simulation of the system is carried out in a Matlab/Simulink environment and its validation is based on the comparison between the simulated and experimental data for a test greenhouse, located in the Faculty of Science in Tunis. The results show that the proposed system provides an efficient solution for controlling the microclimate of the agricultural greenhouse in different periods of the year.
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Tan, Kuang-Hsiung, Faa-Jeng Lin, Tzu-Yu Tseng, Meng-Yang Li, and Yih-Der Lee. "Virtual Synchronous Generator Using an Intelligent Controller for Virtual Inertia Estimation." Electronics 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010086.
Abstract:
Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) with inertia characteristics are generally adopted for the control of distributed generators (DGs) in order to mimic a synchronous generator. However, since the amount of virtual inertia in VSG control is usually constant and given by trial and error, the real power and frequency oscillations of a battery energy storage system (BESS) occurring under load variation result in the degradation of the control performance of the DG. Thus, in this study, a novel virtual inertia estimation methodology is proposed to estimate suitable values of virtual inertia for VSGs and to suppress the real power output and frequency oscillations of the DG under load variation. In addition, to improve the function of the proposed virtual inertia estimator and the transient responses of the real power output and frequency of the DG, an online-trained Petri probabilistic wavelet fuzzy neural network (PPWFNN) controller is proposed to replace the proportional integral (PI) controller. The network structure and the online learning algorithm using backpropagation (BP) of the proposed PPWFNN are represented in detail. Finally, on the basis of the experimental results, it can be concluded that superior performance in terms of real power output and frequency response under load variation can be achieved by using the proposed virtual inertia estimator and the intelligent PPWFNN controller.
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Mohammad, Khan, Mohmmad Ahmad, Shoeb Azam Farooqui, Wajid Ali, and Farha Khan. "Performance evaluation of a PMDC motor with battery storage control and MPPT based solar photovoltaic system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i3.pp1704-1712.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes and demonstrates the performance of a solar photovoltaic (SPV)-fed permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motor under various operating conditions. In this configuration, a 5HP PMDC is coupled to a SPV system and a boost converter has been interfaced between them to regulate the DC output voltage acquired from the SPV system. The switching pulse to the converter has been provided by the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller (P&O and INC) in order to acquire maximum and desired power across the DC link with varying irradiance. A battery energy storage system (BESS) is often used in association with this configuration caused by the non-linear nature of the SPV system and to overcome the volatility of the DC connection affected by environmental effects. For this purpose, a double loop PI controller is analyzed, and examined the DC link. Additionally, the operation of bidirectional DC-DC converter in buck and boost mode during battery charging and discharging is also performed. This operation ensures maintaining a constant and continuous power across the DC link to regulate the PMDC motor consistently. A comparison of results has also been presented for both incremental and conductance (INC) and P&O controllers. The mathematical modeling of configuration has been performed in MATLAB/Simulink software. The results and key findings have been tabulated and even elaborated graphically.
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Tahiri, F. E., K. Chikh, and M. Khafallah. "Optimal Management Energy System and Control Strategies for Isolated Hybrid Solar-Wind-Battery-Diesel Power System." Emerging Science Journal 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01262.
Abstract:
This paper proposes optimal control strategies of a standalone Hybrid Power System (HPS) to supply sustainable and optimal energy to an isolated site with improved quality of electrical energy. A topology of Isolated Hybrid Power System (IHPS) is proposed, consists of: a Photovoltaic System (PVS), a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), electronic power devices controlled to maximize energy production from renewable sources and to maintain the constant DC-link voltage, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Diesel Generator (DG), and a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) located at the load-side end. In addition, a novel control strategy has been proposed, in this work, to maximize the power from the PVS. This presented strategy, based on the combination between Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm and the Fuzzy PI Controller (FPIC), presents a good performance, especially in the dynamic state compared to the classical algorithm P&O. A supervisory control algorithm has been elaborated to manage the energy flows between the devices of the hybrid system to make the decision of the optimal operating mode in order to ensure a continuous supply of the load with minimum usage of batteries and DG. The simulation results developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment are applied to show the efficiency and performance of the proposed control strategies in terms of power optimization and energy management. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01262 Full Text: PDF
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Mehmood, Saqib, Amin Qureshi, and Anders S. Kristensen. "Risk Mitigation of Poor Power Quality Issues of Standalone Wind Turbines: An Efficacy Study of Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) Control." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174485.
Abstract:
This paper validates and presents the efficiency and performance of Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) control as a mitigating control in managing risks of high volatility of electric current flows from the wind turbine generator to the distributed load. High volatility/fluctuations of electricity (high current, voltage disturbance) and frequency are hazards that can trip off or, in extreme cases, burn down a whole wind turbine generator. An advanced control scheme is used to control a Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-based three-phase induction generator with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). For the purpose of risk mitigation of harmonics, this scheme converts three-phase input quantity to two-phase Direct Current (DC) quantity (dq) so that the reactive power compensation decreases the harmonics level. Thus, no other analog filters are required to produce the reconstructed signal of fundamental frequency. In this paper, the values of Proportional Integral (PI) regulators are calculated through the “MONTE CARLO” optimization tool. Furthermore, risk analysis is carried out using bowtie, risk matrix and ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) methods, which is the novelty based on the parametric study of this research work. The results reveal that by inducting proposed SRF control into the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), the risks of high fluctuations and disturbances in signals are reduced to an acceptable level as per the standards of IEEE 519-2014 and EN 50160. The proposed work is validated through running simulations in MATLAB/Simulink with and without controls.
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"A Fuzzy Logic-Proportional Resonant Controller Based Coordinated Control Scheme for Standalone Wind Power System with Bess." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 5515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b3198.078219.
Abstract:
The usage of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) in the standalone power systems that are increasing in the present scenario with the massive potential because of its high availability and low maintenance.Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) is applied to provide the voltage support in the standalone systems. Usually, Proportional Integral (PI) controller are applied for controlling the power in between the power generation and load. However, at thetime of unbalance load conditions, the performance of the PI controller is limited. In addition, with that, PI introduce steady-state errors and has restricted disturbance removalability. The conventional coordinated controllers also suffered from transient conditions at the time of dynamic load variations. To resolve these problems, this paper presents a Fuzzy logic based Proportional Resonant (PR) controller for providing better voltage support in the standalone wind power systems. As an alternative of the conventional PI controller, a PR controller is utilized in the coordinated control system. For optimizing the PR controller gain parameters, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is utilized. Performance of the proposed Fuzzy-PR controller is compared with the PI controller based coordinated controller. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed controller delivers better DC voltage support compared with the general PI controller. Furthermore, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the presented system is very low contrasted with the standard control methods. MATLAB/SIMULINK tool is utilized to validate the system performance
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Kumar, Ashwani, Vishnu Mohan Mishra, and Rakesh Ranjan. "A stored energy-based control strategy to improve LVRT capability of HRES using PSO & WCA optimized DVR." Journal of Engineering Research, August 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36909/jer.17663.
Abstract:
The article presented here utilizes the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and water cycle algorithm (WCA) based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to augment the low voltage ride through (LVRT) performance of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES). Moreover, FACT equipment like the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is deployed to boost the quick responsiveness of compensation and good transient performance of HRES. Due to numerous disturbances brought on by WECS' nonlinearity, the best tuning of a PI controller for DVR control is investigated to match the LVRT requirement of the HRES. The design incorporates a battery energy storage system (BESS) that is connected over the DC terminals of the DVR to improve the compensating capabilities by regulating the D-Q axis voltage signal to control the voltage source converter gate signals. In comparison to DVR alone, the suggested technique increases the DC-link voltage and PCC voltage by 44% and 4.6 %, respectively. MATLAB simulation results show that the BESS-enabled PSO DVR performs better in all respect for the compensation of voltage sag and makes the system self-LVRT capable.
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Jain, Anjana, R. Saravanakumar, S. Shankar, and V. Vanitha. "Adaptive SRF-PLL Based Voltage and Frequency Control of Hybrid Standalone WECS with PMSG-BESS." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 19, no. 6 (December 7, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2018-0072.
Abstract:
Abstract The variable-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) attracts the maximum power from wind, but voltage-regulation and frequency-control of the system in standalone operation is a challenging task A modern-control-based-tracking of power from wind for its best utilization is proposed in this paper for standalone PMSG based hybrid-WECS comprising Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). An Adaptive Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop (SRF-PLL) based control scheme for load side bi-directional voltage source converter (VSC) is presented for the system. MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for simulation study for the proposed system and the effectiveness of the controller for bi-directional-converter is discussed under different operating conditions: like variable wind-velocity, sudden load variation, and load unbalancing. Converter control scheme enhances the power smoothening, supply-load power-matching. Also it is able to regulate the active & reactive power from PMSG-BESS hybrid system with control of fluctuations in voltage & frequency with respect to varying operating conditions. Proposed controller successfully offers reactive-power-compensation, harmonics-reduction, and power-balancing. The proposed scheme is based on proportional & integral (PI) controller. Also system is experimentally validated in the laboratory-environment and results are presented here.
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"Load Frequency control(LFC) of a Multiarea Restructured Hybrid Powersystem on Multi objective SSA." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 2S3 (December 30, 2019): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b1007.1292s319.
Abstract:
The aimof the paper tune the paramters of the load frequency controller using a latest and novel algorithm named as Salp sarm of algorithm with multiobjective approach. The test system choosen is a Two area interconnected hybrid power system under deregulated-environment integrated with Distributd genertion (DG) resource.The DG systems consists of Windturbine generator(WTG), SolarPV systems, Diesels engines generators(DEG), Fuelcells with Aqua electrolyzers and Energy storages like Batteries energy storage systems(BESS). To minimise the frequency of oscillations, Secondarycontroller opted was an optimal Fuzzy PID plus double integral controller (FPID-II). The effectiveness of proposed controller is determined with the comparison of nominal PI, PID and Two degree freedom PID (TDOFPID) controller. Furthermore the dynamic responses of SSA tuned FPID-II controller are been compared with other optimization techniques. The results depit the superiority of the proposed controller in suppressing the deviations of frequency
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ABDI YONIS, Samatar, Ziyodulla YUSUPOV, and Muhammet Tahir GUNESER. "Designing a Solar PV-Battery based on Electric Vehicle Charging Station." International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Research, March 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47933/ijeir.1231500.
Abstract:
Increasing transport demand necessitates higher oil consumption, resulting in an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which is a major cause of air pollution. The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming more common around the world. Recent advancements in lithium-ion battery technology have increased the improvement of EVs. In this work, a solar photovoltaic (PV) battery-based EV charging station is designed. Meanwhile, the overall system comprises a battery energy storage system (BESS), solar PV module, grid and EV charging station. Thus, the primary source for the charging station is the PV source but due to less power during the night, we included battery storage as a backup. Grid source is also recommendable for an uninterruptable power supply. An artificial neural network strategy is developed in MATLAB/Simulink for proper power management of the solar PV-battery based EV charging station connected to the AC grid. Moreover, by employing an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and PI controller-based MPPT, the grid voltage and current, real/reactive grid power and the maximum output power are obtained. The overall system is evaluated under different scenarios of irradiance level and temperature with a state of charge (SOC) greater than 10 % for simulation purposes. The result shows that during the night hour due to less power from the PV source, an artificial neural network begins to regulate the grid power so that it supplies power to the stationary storage and EV battery.
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Subhash, Bochu, Veeramalla Rajagopal, and Surender Reddy Salkuti. "Optimization of controller gains to enhance power quality of standalone wind energy conversion system." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, May 10, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2021-0024.
Abstract:
Abstract This article presents optimized gains for regulation of frequency and terminal voltage irrespective of the varying wind speeds in an autonomous wind power generation feeding linear and non-linear loads. Icosφ control algorithm is used to calculate and estimate reference source currents in a remote area wind energy conversion system (WECS) using an Induction Generator (IG). The Icosφ control algorithm do not have any phase locked loop or any conversions from one reference frame to other, which improves the dynamics and power system quality issues. The heart of the control algorithm is how quickly it estimates the reference source currents; this in turn depends on values of proportional and integral controller gains in the control algorithm. Here we are applying three optimization techniques to find the optimal proportional-integral (PI) controller output gains, the best convergence values are taken from optimization technique and applied for WECS. Battery energy storage system (BESS) connected to the direct current (DC) link of voltage source converter (VSC) manages the power of WECS. When load useful power level is less than the generated power level, the excess will be diverted and stored in the battery. But when generated power level is less than the load applied on WECS then the excess power requirement of the load is met by the battery, thus regulating the frequency under varying wind speeds. An isolated zigzag transformer is connected between point of common coupling and controller for neutral line current compensation. The controller is used for load balancing, current harmonic suppression, voltage and frequency regulation.
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Sunjaq, Ahmed, Peiyuan Chen, Massimo Bongiorno, Ritwik Majumder, and Jan R. Svensson. "Frequency control by BESS for smooth Island transition of a hydro‐powered microgrid." IET Smart Grid, November 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/stg2.12140.
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper develops a frequency control strategy for a battery energy storage system to facilitate the smooth island transition of a hydro‐powered microgrid during unplanned grid outages. The proposed frequency control strategy uses a PI‐based droop controller, where the tuning of the controller accounts for the limitations in the power response of a hydro generator and the required frequency quality of the microgrid. The effectiveness of the frequency control strategy is verified in Simulink using phasor simulations, and it is further validated in laboratory tests. The results demonstrate that the proposed PI‐based droop and its tuning strategy fulfill the desired frequency quality requirement of the hydro‐powered microgrid without over‐dimensioning the size of the storage capacity as compared to the traditional proportional droop controller.