Journal articles: 'Phytoremediation enhanced by microorganisms'

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ANDARISTA UTOMO, ADZALIA, and SARWOKO MANGKOEDIHARDJO. "Preliminary Assessment of Mixed Plants for Phytoremediation of Chromium Contaminated Soil." Current World Environment 13, Special issue 1 (November 25, 2018): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.special-issue1.04.

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This study determined the ability of mixed plants of Helianthus annus, Zinnia elegans, and Impatiens balsamine to remove chromium (Cr) from soil. This research used respirometer to measure the respiration rate of microorganisms in soil media and Atomic Absorption Spectophotometry to measure Cr content on soil and plants. The results of the study showed that the plants were able to remove Cr from the soil as much as 74%. However, the removal enhanced by microbial activity on the rootzone.

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Ptaszek, Natalia, Magdalena Pacwa-Płociniczak, Magdalena Noszczyńska, and Tomasz Płociniczak. "Comparative Study on Multiway Enhanced Bio- and Phytoremediation of Aged Petroleum-Contaminated Soil." Agronomy 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070947.

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Bioremediation and phytoremediation of soil polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are an effective and eco-friendly alternative to physicochemical methods of soil decontamination. These techniques can be supported by the addition of effective strains and/or surface-active compounds. However, to obtain maximum efficacy of bioremediation, the interactions that occur between the microorganisms, enhancement factors and plants need to be studied. Our study aimed to investigate the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from an aged and highly polluted soil (hydrocarbon content about 2.5%) using multiway enhanced bio- and phytoremediation. For this purpose, 10 enhanced experimental groups were compared to two untreated controls. Among the enhanced experimental groups, the bio- and phytoremediation processes were supported by the endophytic strain Rhodococcus erythropolis CDEL254. This bacterial strain has several plant growth-promoting traits and can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and produce biosurfactants. Additionally, a rhamnolipid solution produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to support the total petroleum hydrocarbon loss from soil. After 112 days of incubation, the highest PH removal (31.1%) was observed in soil planted with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Pearlgreen) treated with living cells of the CDEL254 strain and rhamnolipid solution. For non-planted experimental groups, the highest PH loss (26.1%) was detected for soil treated with heat-inactivated CDEL254 cells and a rhamnolipid solution. In general, the differences in the efficacy of the 10 experimental groups supported by plants, live/dead cells of the strain tested and rhamnolipid were not statistically significant. However, each of these groups was significantly more effective than the appropriate control groups. The PH loss in untreated (natural attenuation) and soils that underwent phytoremediation reached a value of 14.2% and 17.4%, respectively. Even though the CDEL254 strain colonized plant tissues and showed high survival in soil, its introduction did not significantly increase PH loss compared to systems treated with dead biomass. These results indicate that the development of effective biological techniques requires a customized approach to the polluted site and effective optimization of the methods used.

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Pino, Nancy J., Luisa M. Muñera, and Gustavo A. Peñuela. "Bioaugmentation with Immobilized Microorganisms to Enhance Phytoremediation of PCB-Contaminated Soil." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 25, no. 4 (April 27, 2016): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2016.1148010.

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Zhao, Chong, Guosen Zhang, and Jinhui Jiang. "Enhanced Phytoremediation of Bisphenol A in Polluted Lake Water by Seedlings of Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum from In Vitro Culture." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020810.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical endocrine disruptor that causes problems in waters all around the world. In this study, the effects of submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum) cultured in vitro on the removal of BPA at two initial concentrations (0.5 mg L−1 vs. 5.0 mg L−1) from Donghu lake water were investigated, using different biomass densities (2 g L−1 vs. 10 g L−1) under different nutrient conditions (1.85 mg L−1 and 0.039 mg L−1 vs. 8.04 mg L−1 and 0.175 mg L−1 of the total nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, respectively), together with the effect of indigenous microorganisms in the water. The results showed that indigenous microorganisms had limited capacity for BPA removal, especially at higher BPA initial concentration when its removal rate amounted to about 12% in 12 days. Addition with plant seedlings (5 cm in length) greatly enhanced the BPA removal, which reached 100% and over 50% at low and high BPA initial concentration in 3 days, respectively. Higher biomass density greatly favored the process, resulting in 100% of BPA removal at high BPA initial concentration in 3 days. However, increases in nutrient availability had little effect on the BPA removal by plants. BPA at 10.0 mg L−1 significantly inhibited the growth of M. spicatum. Therefore, C. demersum may be a candidate for phytoremediation due to greater efficiency for BPA removal and tolerance to BPA pollution. Overall, seedlings of submerged macrophytes from in vitro culture showed great potential for use in phytoremediation of BPA in natural waters, especially C. demersum.

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Alarcón, Alejandro, Fred T. Davies, Robin L. Autenrieth, and David A. Zuberer. "Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Petroleum-Degrading Microorganisms Enhance Phytoremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil." International Journal of Phytoremediation 10, no. 4 (July 8, 2008): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226510802096002.

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Jin, Zhong Min, Wei Sha, Yan Fu Zhang, Jing Zhao, and Hongyang Ji. "Isolation of Burkholderia cepacia JB12 from lead- and cadmium-contaminated soil and its potential in promoting phytoremediation with tall fescue and red clover." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 7 (July 2013): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0650.

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Phytoremediation combined with suitable microorganisms and biodegradable chelating agents can be a means of reclaiming lands contaminated by toxic heavy metals. We investigated the ability of a lead- and cadmium-resistant bacterial strain (JB12) and the biodegradable chelator ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid (EDDS) to improve absorption of these metals from soil by tall fescue and red clover. Strain JB12 was isolated from contaminated soil samples, analysed for lead and cadmium resistance, and identified as Burkholderia cepacia. Tall fescue and red clover were grown in pots to which we added JB12, (S,S)-EDDS, combined JB12 and EDDS, or water only. Compared with untreated plants, the biomass of plants treated with JB12 was significantly increased. Concentrations of lead and cadmium in JB12-treated plants increased significantly, with few exceptions. Plants treated with EDDS responded variably, but in those treated with combined EDDS and JB12, heavy metal concentrations increased significantly in tall fescue and in the aboveground parts of red clover. We conclude that JB12 is resistant to lead and cadmium. Its application to the soil improved the net uptake of these heavy metals by experimental plants. The potential for viable phytoremediation of lead- and cadmium-polluted soils with tall fescue and red clover combined with JB12 was further enhanced by the addition of EDDS.

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Guo, Shuyu, Bo Feng, Chunqiao Xiao, Qi Wang, and Ruan Chi. "Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms to enhance phytoremediation of excess phosphorus pollution in phosphate mining wasteland soil." Bioremediation Journal 25, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2021.1884528.

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Irawati, Wahyu, Adolf Jan Nexson Parhusip, Nida Sopiah, and Juniche Anggelique Tnunay. "The Role of Heavy Metals-Resistant Bacteria Acinetobacter sp. in Copper Phytoremediation using Eichhornia crasippes [(Mart.) Solms]." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i5.995.

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Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process using plants and microorganisms to extract, sequester, or detoxify heavy metals. Eichhornia crassipes [(Mart.) Solms] is a well-known phytoremediating plant that has the ability to remove heavy metals from water by accumulating them in their tissues. Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 and Acinetobacter sp. IrC2 are copper resistant bacteria isolated from industrial waste in Rungkut, Surabaya. The aim of this research was to study the effect of Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 and Acinetobacter sp. IrC2 inoculation in copper phytoremediation process using Eichhornia crassipes. Bacterial isolate with colony form unit of 108 was inoculated into the rhizosphere of Eichhornia crassipes in water containing 10 mL · L–1 and 20 mL · L–1 copper. Copper removal in contaminated water and copper accumulation in the plant roots was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that inoculation treatment enhanced the potency of the plant to reduce copper from 94 % concentration level in the medium without bacterial inoculation to 98.3 % and 97 % in medium inoculated with Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 and Acinetobacter sp. IrC2, respectively. Eichhornia crassipes inoculated with Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 accumulated up to six fold higher copper concentrations in roots compared with un-inoculated controls. The roots of Eichhornia crassipes accumulated 596 mg · kg–1and 391 mg · kg–1 in medium containing 5 mL · L–1 and 10 mL · L–1 copper without inoculation, while, the upper part of the plants accumulated up to 353 2.5 mg · kg–1 and 194 1.5 mg · kg–1 in medium inoculated with Acinetobacter sp. IrC1, respectively. The findings of the study indicated that Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 and Acinetobacter sp. IrC2 can improve the phytoremediation potential of Eichhornia crassipes.

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Dhawi, Faten. "The Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPMs) and Their Feasibility in Hydroponics and Vertical Farming." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020247.

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There are many reasons for the increase in hydroponics/soil-free systems in agriculture, and these systems have now advanced to the form of vertical farming. The sustainable use of space, the reduction in water use compared to soil-based agriculture, the lack of pesticides, the ability to control nutrient inputs, and the implementation of user-friendly technology for environmental control and harvesting are all factors that have made the global market for vertical farming predicted to reach more than USD 10.02 billion by 2027. By comparison, soil-based agriculture consumes 20 times more water, and some agricultural practices promote soil deterioration and cause environmental pollution. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) have been used extensively in traditional agriculture to enhance plant growth, environmental stress tolerance, and the efficacy of phytoremediation in soil-based farming. Due to the controlled atmosphere in hydroponics and vertical farms, there is strong potential to maximize the use of PGPMs. Here, we review the leveraging of plant growth-promoting microorganism mechanisms in hydroponics and vertical farming. We recommend a synchronized PGPM treatment using a biostimulant extract added to the hydroponic medium while also pre-treating seeds or seedlings with a microbial suspension for aquaponic and aeroponic systems.

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Iqra Tabassum, Sumaira Mazhar, and Beenish Sarfraz. "Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Soil Using Sorghum Plant in Association with Indigenous Microbes." Scientific Inquiry and Review 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir.63.05.

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Heavy metals are discharged in large quantities in both land and water bodies, causing long-term damage to living organisms. Phytoremediation is an effective way to address this problem. The goal of this study was to identify how lead resistant microorganisms affect the growth of sorghum plant, both in the presence and absence of lead. For this purpose, lead resistant microbes were isolated to investigate the growth and concentration of lead in the sorghum plant. Isolated species were inoculated with lead containing media in different concentrations, such as 300, 400, 500, and 600 µg/ml concentrations. Highly lead resistant bacterial isolates were selected and inoculated with sorghum seeds under typical environmental conditions in small pots, with and without lead contamination (300 mg/Kg). In the presence of lead resistant bacteria, efficient growth was observed with less concentration of lead in the plants. Promising results were observed in the presence of GS3 and IS2 isolates. The current study showed that lead tolerant bacterial isolates are very helpful to degrade lead when grown with sorghum seeds. Furthermore, it also enhances the growth of sorghum plant.

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Borowik, Agata, Jadwiga Wyszkowska, and Jan Kucharski. "Microbiological Study in Petrol-Spiked Soil." Molecules 26, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092664.

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The pollution of arable lands and water with petroleum-derived products is still a valid problem, mainly due the extensive works aimed to improve their production technology to reduce fuel consumption and protect engines. An example of the upgraded fuels is the BP 98 unleaded petrol with Active technology. A pot experiment was carried out in which Eutric Cambisol soil was polluted with petrol to determine its effect on the microbiological and biochemical properties of this soil. Analyses were carried out to determine soil microbiome composition—with the incubation and metagenomic methods, the activity of seven enzymes, and cocksfoot effect on hydrocarbon degradation. The following indices were determined: colony development index (CD); ecophysiological diversity index (EP); index of cocksfoot effect on soil microorganisms and enzymes (IFG); index of petrol effect on soil microorganisms and enzymes (IFP); index of the resistance of microorganisms, enzymes, and cocksfoot to soil pollution with petrol (RS); Shannon–Weaver’s index of bacterial taxa diversity (H); and Shannon–Weaver’s index of hydrocarbon degradation (IDH). The soil pollution with petrol was found to increase population numbers of bacteria and fungi, and Protebacteria phylum abundance as well as to decrease the abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria phyla. The cultivation of cocksfoot on the petrol-polluted soil had an especially beneficial effect mainly on the bacteria belonging to the Ramlibacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, Mycoplana, and Sphingobium genera. The least susceptible to the soil pollution with petrol and cocksfoot cultivation were the bacteria of the following genera: Kaistobacter, Rhodoplanes, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Paenibacillus, Phenylobacterium, and Terracoccus. Cocksfoot proved effective in the phytoremediation of petrol-polluted soil, as it accelerated hydrocarbon degradation and increased the genetic diversity of bacteria. It additionally enhanced the activities of soil enzymes.

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Gao, Yang, Chiyuan Miao, Yafeng Wang, Jun Xia, and Pei Zhou. "Metal-resistant microorganisms and metal chelators synergistically enhance the phytoremediation efficiency ofSolanum nigrumL. in Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil." Environmental Technology 33, no. 12 (June 2012): 1383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2011.629006.

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Vocciante, Marco, Martina Grifoni, Danilo Fusini, Gianniantonio Petruzzelli, and Elisabetta Franchi. "The Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Mitigating Plant’s Environmental Stresses." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031231.

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Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and sustainable technology used to clean up pollutants from soils and waters through the use of plant species. Indeed, plants are naturally capable of absorbing metals and degrading organic molecules. However, in several cases, the presence of contaminants causes plant suffering and limited growth. In such situations, thanks to the production of specific root exudates, plants can engage the most suitable bacteria able to support their growth according to the particular environmental stress. These plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may facilitate plant growth and development with several beneficial effects, even more evident when plants are grown in critical environmental conditions, such as the presence of toxic contaminants. For instance, PGPR may alleviate metal phytotoxicity by altering metal bioavailability in soil and increasing metal translocation within the plant. Since many of the PGPR are also hydrocarbon oxidizers, they are also able to support and enhance plant biodegradation activity. Besides, PGPR in agriculture can be an excellent support to counter the devastating effects of abiotic stress, such as excessive salinity and drought, replacing expensive inorganic fertilizers that hurt the environment. A better and in-depth understanding of the function and interactions of plants and associated microorganisms directly in the matrix of interest, especially in the presence of persistent contamination, could provide new opportunities for phytoremediation.

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Njoku, Kelechi L., Eme O. Ude, Temitope O. Jegede, Omotoyosi Z. Adeyanju, and Patricia O. Iheme. "Characterization of hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms from Glycine max and Zea mays phytoremediated crude oil contaminated soil." Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 37, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): e2022008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2022008.

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Microbe-plant partnership in phytoremediation involves a synergistic interaction that leads to degradation of contaminants. The identification and characterization of these microorganisms is fundamental in environmental management. This study is aimed at investigating the influence of Glycine max and Zea mays on microbial make-up and differentiation of soil bacterial and fungal isolates in crude oil contaminated soil. We employed conventional technique of microbial isolation and gene sequencing to evaluate the microbial composition in crude oil contaminated soil. The microorganisms were isolated from crude oil contaminated soil (0%, 4%, 8%) and were identified using 16S rRNA gene (for bacteria) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene (for fungi). We observed a change in the microbial cell density with respect to treatment conditions implying a shift in microbial dynamics to total hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria as the dominant microbes. The sequence data revealed five bacteria strain; Klebsiella aerogenes strain 77, Klebsiella aerogenes strain UISO178, Salmonella enterica strain ABUH7, Klebsiella aerogenes strain M242 and Enterobacter sp. NCCP-607 and three fungi strains; Galactomyces geotrichum strain CBS, Aspergillus niger strain YMCHA73 and Trichoderma virens isolate A701. Annotation analysis using FGENESB and gene scan revealed proteins involved in various metabolic processes and hydrocarbon utilization. GHOSTKOLA output revealed several genetic elements and pathways such as DnaA, PYG, mrcA, environmental, cellular and genetic information processing and degradation enhancers. Our findings show that G. max and Z. mays in association with bacteria can enhance ecosystem restoration of crude oil contaminated soil.

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Omoregie, Gloria Omorowa, Abraham Goodness Ogofure, Beckley Ikhajiagbe, and Geoffrey Obinna Anoliefo. "Quantitative and qualitative basement of microbial presence during phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil using Chromolaena odorata." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 31, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2020-0023.

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Abstract The presence and impact of bulk and rhizosphere microorganisms in contaminated soils can be huge, given that they have the ability to increase plants tolerance against abiotic stress, and also enhance plant growth, while supporting hastened remediation of disturbed soils. The present study quantitatively and qualitatively assessed presence of cultural fungi and bacteria during phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils using Chromolaena odorata. Stem cuttings of C. odorata were planted in soils polluted with Pb, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Cu at once (1ESC), thrice (3ESC) and five (5ESC) times their respective ecological screening concentrations (ESC). ESC of Pb, Mn and Zn is 50 mg/kg, Cd is 4 mg/kg, and Cu is 100 mg/kg. After 6 months, results showed that more than 10 species of bacteria and fungi were identified in the study, with P. aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis being the most occurring bacteria while, Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger the most occurring fungi in both bulk and rhizospheric soils. The presence of known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in plants rhizosphere including Azotobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, Clostridium sp., P. aeruginosa, and Klebsiella sp. was also reported.

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Zheng, Yilin, Meng Cui, Lei Ni, Yafei Qin, Jinhua Li, Yu Pan, and Xingguo Zhang. "Heterologous Expression of Human Metallothionein Gene HsMT1L Can Enhance the Tolerance of Tobacco (Nicotiana nudicaulis Watson) to Zinc and Cadmium." Genes 13, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122413.

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Metallothionein (MT) is a multifunctional inducible protein in animals, plants, and microorganisms. MT is rich in cysteine residues (10−30%), can combine with metal ions, has a low molecular weight, and plays an essential biological role in various stages of the growth and development of organisms. Due to its strong ability to bind metal ions and scavenge free radicals, metallothionein has been used in medicine, health care, and other areas. Zinc is essential for plant growth, but excessive zinc (Zn) is bound to poison plants, and cadmium (Cd) is a significant environmental pollutant. A high concentration of cadmium can significantly affect the growth and development of plants and even lead to plant death. In this study, the human metallothionein gene HsMT1L under the control of the CaMV 35S constitutive promoter was transformed into tobacco, and the tolerance and accumulation capacity of transgenic tobacco plants to Zn and Cd were explored. The results showed that the high-level expression of HsMT1L in tobacco could significantly enhance the accumulation of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in both the aboveground parts and the roots compared to wild-type tobacco plants and conferred a greater tolerance to Zn and Cd in transgenic tobacco. Subcellular localization showed that HsMT1L was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm in the tobacco. Our study suggests that HsMT1L can be used for the phytoremediation of soil for heavy metal removal.

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Dang, Nga Diep Yen, and Trong Thi Kim Pham. "Evaluation of the effect of microorganisms in Arachis pintoi roots on the potential of copper absorption in land." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i4.934.

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The research was carried out to evaluate the potential phytoextraction and phytostability of perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi) and to determine the influence of the isolated microorganisms from the root nodules of Arachis pintoi on coppercontaminated soil to improve the ability of treatment metal in soil pollution. Perennial peanuts were planted in the experimental pots which had unsterilized and sterilized soil. Different quanlities of CuSO4.5H2O were directly homogenized into sieved soil to formulate mixtures containing Cu in concentrations (mg/kg) of 200, 400 and 600. In addition, sterilized soil was contaminated by adding Cu with 400 mg/kg. The other pots had copper- contaminated sterilized soil and was added the isolated microorganisms from the root nodules of Arachis pintoi. Our results showed that the perennial peanut had high phytomass production and grew normally in the soil with 200 mg/kg of Cu. The copper accumulation was determined of 668.2, 107 and 561.2 mg/kg in the whole plant, roots and shoots, respectively in plants which were cultivated in the soil with 200 mg/kg of Cu. In the soil with 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of Cu, the plants showed low biomass production and the plants had been poisonous. Both bioconcentration factors (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) were used to estimate a plant’s potential for the purpose of phytoremediation. The highest BCF and TF for Cu concentrations were 3.341 and 5.24 with 200 mg/kg of Cu, respectively. Both factors were higher than 1 therefore Archis pintoi is a potential plant for copper phytoextraction in copper contaminated sites at the concentration of 200-400 mg/kg. The isolated microrganism from the root nodules of Arachis pintoi on copper- contaminated soil was Burkholderia kururiensi PR1, which was a species of proteobacteria and stimulated plant growth. However, the result showed that Burkholderia kururiensi is unable to resistant to concentration of copper (25 mg/L). More research on the other isolated microorganisms of the root system to enhance the Cu accumulation in plants should be carried. Finally, these results showed the potential of the heavy metal phytoextraction of the perennial peanut in contaminated soil. It is easy to apply because of the low cost.

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White, Philip J. "Phytoremediation assisted by microorganisms." Trends in Plant Science 6, no. 11 (November 2001): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02093-3.

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Shuang, Cui, Han Qing, and Bai Song. "Enhanced technology of phytoremediation." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104034.

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The enhanced technology of phytoremediation has the advantages of low treatment cost, good purification effect, low environmental risk and environmental aesthetics. However, some hyperaccumulators grow slowly and their biomass is generally low; the activity of heavy metals in the soil is very low; the roots of plants are distributed in the surface of the soil, and the remediation effect of deep soil is poor; the nutrients of the soil to be repaired are seriously insufficient. It is necessary to take a series of strengthening measures to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation. The strengthening technologies of phytoremediation include chemical strengthening, microbial strengthening, animal strengthening, carbon dioxide strengthening, agronomic and management measures strengthening, etc.

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Tiodar, Emanuela D., Cristina L. Văcar, and Dorina Podar. "Phytoremediation and Microorganisms-Assisted Phytoremediation of Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Challenges and Perspectives." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052435.

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Mercury (Hg) pollution is a global threat to human and environmental health because of its toxicity, mobility and long-term persistence. Although costly engineering-based technologies can be used to treat heavily Hg-contaminated areas, they are not suitable for decontaminating agricultural or extensively-polluted soils. Emerging phyto- and bioremediation strategies for decontaminating Hg-polluted soils generally involve low investment, simple operation, and in situ application, and they are less destructive for the ecosystem. Current understanding of the uptake, translocation and sequestration of Hg in plants is reviewed to highlight new avenues for exploration in phytoremediation research, and different phytoremediation strategies (phytostabilization, phytoextraction and phytovolatilization) are discussed. Research aimed at identifying suitable plant species and associated-microorganisms for use in phytoremediation of Hg-contaminated soils is also surveyed. Investigation into the potential use of transgenic plants in Hg-phytoremediation is described. Recent research on exploiting the beneficial interactions between plants and microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) that are Hg-resistant and secrete plant growth promoting compounds is reviewed. We highlight areas where more research is required into the effective use of phytoremediation on Hg-contaminated sites, and conclude that the approaches it offers provide considerable potential for the future.

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Cao, Xiu Feng, and Li Ping Liu. "Using Microorganisms to Facilitate Phytoremediation in Mine Tailings with Multi Heavy Metals." Advanced Materials Research 1094 (March 2015): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.437.

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During mining activities, a large amount of wastes in the form of mine tailings were discharged, leading to a global problem in soil and water contamination. Phytoremediation was considered to be a potential method for remediation of mine wastes as vegetation can promote remediation for sustainable development of mine waste sites. Recently, studies were conducted to utilize microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting bacteria, or filamentous fungi to facilitate phytoremediation by increasing the plant biomass production, bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs), enhancing the plant uptake of HMs or reduce toxicity of HMs to plants. Some species of microorganisms can be beneficial to phytoremediation in the mine tailings contaminated with HMs.

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Hrynkiewicz, Katarzyna, Michał Złoch, Tomasz Kowalkowski, Christel Baum, and Bogusław Buszewski. "Efficiency of microbially assisted phytoremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils." Environmental Reviews 26, no. 3 (September 2018): 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0023.

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Phytoremediation is the bioremediation of contaminated soils and waters by using plants and their associated microorganisms. Phytoremediation of heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soils is based on immobilization of metals in rhizosphere soil and roots (phytostabilization) and on mobilization, uptake, and transfer of metals into the aboveground plant organs (phytoextraction). In this review, we aimed to (i) discuss the fundamentals, potential, and limitations of plant-associated microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) to increase the efficiency of phytostabilization and phytoextraction of HM-contaminated soils and (ii) describe promising developments and future challenges to expanding their use. Controlled inoculations of plants with growth-promoting microorganisms can significantly increase their root growth, biomass production, and stress tolerance in HM-contaminated soils. A serious weakness of phytoremediation in general is the usually high and difficult to measure expenditure of time for successful completion. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and the translocation factors (TFs) are among the most important measures of the efficiency of phytoremediation. However, an overview of BCFs and TFs for a variety of combinations of plants with defined associated microorganisms is lacking. Moreover, the joint evaluation of model systems would allow an improved cost–benefit calculation of microbial inoculations in phytoremediation systems. For this purpose, the use of in vitro model systems is considered to be preferable to field experiments due to the savings in time and costs and the control of environmental conditions. However, the transferability of in vitro data to field conditions is limited. Currently, attention is focused on the use of artificial neural networks, mainly to avoid formulating any complex relationships between soil inputs (e.g., soil amendments, pH, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen contents, electrical conductivity, and dissolved organic carbon) and design outputs (e.g., BCFs and TFs) beforehand and because of the high accuracy of the obtained models. The controlled use of associated microorganisms to increase the efficiency of phytoremediation of HM, mainly using combinations of Brassica and Salix spp. and rhizobacteria at contaminated soils, is a promising possibility. A crucial future challenge for the expansion of their use will be to develop well-defined cost- and time-efficient tools for a credible prediction of their effectiveness on contaminated field sites.

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Khan, Abdul G. "Mycorrhizoremediation—An enhanced form of phytoremediation." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B 7, no. 7 (July 2006): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.b0503.

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Jankong, P., P. Visoottiviseth, and S. Khokiattiwong. "Enhanced phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated land." Chemosphere 68, no. 10 (August 2007): 1906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.061.

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Kamnev, Alexander A., and Daniël van der Lelie. "Chemical and Biological Parameters as Tools to Evaluate and Improve Heavy Metal Phytoremediation." Bioscience Reports 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1026436806319.

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In this review, chemical and biological parameters are discussed thatstrongly influence the speciation of heavy metals, their availability tobiological systems and, consequently, the possibilities to usebioremediation as a cleanup tool for heavy metal polluted sites. In orderto assess heavy metal availability, a need exists for rapid, cost-effectivesystems that reliably predict this parameter and, based on this, thefeasibility of using biological remediation techniques for site managementand restoration. Special attention is paid to phytoremediation as anemerging technology for stabilization and remediation of heavy metalpollution. In order to improve phytoremediation of heavy metal pollutedsites, several important points relevant to the process have to beelucidated. These include the speciation and bioavailability of the heavymetals in the soil determined by many chemical and biological parameters, the role of plant-associated soil microorganisms and fungi inphytoremediation, and the plants. Several options are described how plant-associated soil microorganisms canbe used to improve heavy metal phytoremediation.

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Iqbal, Muhammad, Altaf Ahmad, M. K. A. Ansari, M. I. Qureshi, Ibrahim M. Aref, P. R. Khan, S. S. Hegazy, Hashim El-Atta, Azamal Husen, and Khalid R. Hakeem. "Improving the phytoextraction capacity of plants to scavenge metal(loid)-contaminated sites." Environmental Reviews 23, no. 1 (March 2015): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2014-0043.

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Plants are able to extract metal(loid) contaminants from the soil or water through their roots and translocate them to harvestable aerial shoots. Of late, this plant potential has been used as a phytotechnology, termed as phytoextraction, for cleaning contaminated sites, and this process has successfully removed elements like As, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb, among others. Exploring plants with high metal-accumulation capacity, as well as engineering new hyperaccumulators, is a need of the hour. It is assumed that hyperaccumulators have a >1 shoot:root metal-accumulation ratio, which they achieve by way of (i) overexpression of transport systems for improved sequestration, (ii) tissue-specific protein expression, and (iii) high concentration of metal chelators. Unlike nonhyperaccumulators, the hyperaccumulating species normally bind metal ions to weak oxygen ligands and use strong ligands only for transient binding during transport to storage sites. Adequate understanding of genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology of metal accumulation is a prelude to developing transgenics with improved phytoremediation capacity. Current research in plant breeding, genomics, and proteomics suggest promising leads to the creation of “remediation” cultivars. Several transporter genes associated with metal uptake, transport, and accumulation have been identified. Efforts are underway to enhance the phytoextraction capacity of relevant species, not only by using chelating agents but also by attempting hybridization, protoplast fusion, as well as genetic engineering through novel gene transfer, overexpression of genes, and (or) reverse gene insertion, to enhance (i) transpiration rate; (ii) uptake, translocation, and metabolism of metals; (iii) activity of enzymes related to rate-limiting steps; and (iv) transformation of accumulated metal to volatile forms, and (or) silencing gene(s) that encode proteases. Genome evolution in hyperaccumulators needs to be understood through a systematic study of ecological and molecular genomics. Sequencing of a complete genome of hyperaccumulators can help in identifying the promising functional noncoding regions in the genome, thus making the experimental analysis more accurate. In addition to the constitutive overexpression of a single gene, simultaneous expression of several genes in specific cellular components has to be focused. Other areas that require expert attention include identification of metal-transporter proteins and the introduction of genes encoding the metal transporters, overexpression of metallothioneins and phytochelatin synthase, and overproduction of nicotianamine and histidine in plants. A comprehensive study of transgenic gene frequency, covering several plant generations growing on polluted as well as nonpolluted soils, may assess the possibility of gene escape into the environment and its transfer to the microorganisms present in the surroundings. This review attempts not only to collect and collate information available on mechanisms of metal accumulation and detoxification in plants and on the factors affecting the tolerance and phytoextraction capacity of plants but also the strategies that have been or can be devised for raising novel plant genotypes with elevated capacity of metal accumulation and toxicity tolerance.

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Demarco, Carolina Faccio, Maurízio Silveira Quadro, Filipe Selau Carlos, Simone Pieniz, Luiza Beatriz Gamboa Araújo Morselli, and Robson Andreazza. "Bioremediation of Aquatic Environments Contaminated with Heavy Metals: A Review of Mechanisms, Solutions and Perspectives." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021411.

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The degradation of water resources is related to anthropic actions such as rapid urbanization and industrial and agricultural activities with inefficient land use and occupation management. Water pollution caused by organic and inorganic contaminants represents a current challenge for researchers and humanity. One of the techniques used to remove pollutants from aquatic environments is bioremediation, through the metabolism of living organisms, and especially phytoremediation, with plants as a decontamination agent. Aiming to demonstrate the current mechanisms, solutions, and perspectives regarding bioremediation, and especially phytoremediation in aquatic environments, a literature review was conducted, highlighting the following subjects: heavy metals as contaminants, phytoremediation, evaluation of resistance mechanisms, removal of heavy metals by microorganisms and biofilters of the artificial floating islands type. From the literature research carried out, it can be concluded that alternatives such as macrophyte plants have proved to be an effective and efficient alternative with a high potential for removal of contaminants in aquatic environments, including concomitantly with microorganisms. There was no mechanism well-defined for specific absorption of heavy metals by plants; however, some results can indicate that if there was sporadic contamination with some contaminants, the plants can be indicators with some adsorption and absorption, even with low concentration in the watercourse by the moment of the evaluation. It is necessary to study bioremediation methods, resistance mechanisms, tolerance, and removal efficiencies for each biological agent chosen. Within the bioremediation processes of aquatic environments, the use of macrophyte plants with a high capacity for phytoremediation of metals, used combined with bioremediating microorganisms, such as biofilters, is an interesting perspective to remove contaminants.

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Feng, Yuming. "Interactions among Rhizosphere Microorganisms, Mechanisms and Potential Application in Phytoremediation." SHS Web of Conferences 144 (2022): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214401003.

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Numerous bacteria, archaea, algae and fungi, accumulated in the root systems of plants, constitute complex plant rhizosphere microbial communities. They have been proved to emerge striking importance in the communication between plant and environment, and shows promising in environmental governance. In this background, this paper briefly introduces the basic interaction mechanisms of rhizosphere microbial community, and further discusses the applications and prospects of this kind of community interaction in environmental bioremediation. On this basis, an idea of constructing a microbe-loading platform based on synthetic biology and its applications in comprehensive ecological remediation is advanced.

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Siciliano, Steven D., and James J. Germida. "Enhanced phytoremediation of chlorobenzoates in rhizosphere soil." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 31, no. 2 (February 1999): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(98)00120-5.

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Khan, Irfan Ullah, Shan-Shan Qi, Farrukh Gul, Sehrish Manan, Justice Kipkorir Rono, Misbah Naz, Xin-Ning Shi, Haiyan Zhang, Zhi-Cong Dai, and Dao-Lin Du. "A Green Approach Used for Heavy Metals ‘Phytoremediation’ Via Invasive Plant Species to Mitigate Environmental Pollution: A Review." Plants 12, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040725.

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Heavy metals (HMs) normally occur in nature and are rapidly released into ecosystems by anthropogenic activities, leading to a series of threats to plant productivity as well as human health. Phytoremediation is a clean, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method for reducing soil toxicity, particularly in weedy plants (invasive plant species (IPS)). This method provides a favorable tool for HM hyperaccumulation using invasive plants. Improving the phytoremediation strategy requires a profound knowledge of HM uptake and translocation as well as the development of resistance or tolerance to HMs. This review describes a comprehensive mechanism of uptake and translocation of HMs and their subsequent detoxification with the IPS via phytoremediation. Additionally, the improvement of phytoremediation through advanced biotechnological strategies, including genetic engineering, nanoparticles, microorganisms, CRISPR-Cas9, and protein basis, is discussed. In summary, this appraisal will provide a new platform for the uptake, translocation, and detoxification of HMs via the phytoremediation process of the IPS.

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Cirillo, Clelia, Barbara Bertoli, Giovanna Acampora, and Loredana Marcolongo. "Bagnoli Urban Regeneration through Phytoremediation." Encyclopedia 2, no. 2 (April 24, 2022): 882–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2020058.

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The Bagnolidistrict in Naples has needed urban redevelopmentfor many years. The area is not only affected by pollution caused by many industries but also by environmental pollutants, according togeognostic surveys that have found numerous contaminantsin the subsoil and water.Currently, the combination of an urban rehabilitation processwith the phytodepuration technique may represent a successful idea for obtaining bothurban regenerationand environmental remediation. Phytoremediation, a biologically based technology, has attracted the attention of both thepublic and scientists as a low-cost alternative for soil requalification. The use of plants as well as the microorganisms present in their root systems plays an important role in the ecological engineering field in controlling and reducing pollutants present in theair, water and soil.The result is efficient, sustainable and cost-effective environmental recovery compared to conventional chemical–physical techniques. In this way, not only the environmental recovery of SIN Bagnoli-Corogliocan be obtained, but also the regeneration of its landscape.

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Kim, Kwang Jin, Eun Ha Yoo, and Stanley J. Kays. "Decay Kinetics of Toluene Phytoremediation Stimulation." HortScience 47, no. 8 (August 2012): 1195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.8.1195.

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Begonia maculata, Ardisia crenata, and Ardisia japonica plants exposed to 3.5 ppm toluene in air for 12 h displayed a pronounced stimulation (358%, 318%, and 252%, respectively) in subsequent toluene removal potential. The duration of the stimulation effect, monitored over 3 weeks, was short-lived decaying to prestimulation levels within 1 to 7 days depending on species. Elevated phytoremediation rate was dependent on the continued presence of toluene. The rapid rate of increase in phytoremediation and subsequent decay points toward a response mediated by changes in gene expression by the plant, microorganisms within the media, or both rather than an alteration in microbe population. A better understanding of the stimulation response may facilitate the use of plants for indoor air remediation in homes and offices.

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Yasseen, Bassam T., and Roda F. Al-Thani. "Endophytes and Halophytes to Remediate Industrial Wastewater and Saline Soils: Perspectives from Qatar." Plants 11, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111497.

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Many halophytes are considered to be salt hyperaccumulators, adopting ion extrusion and inclusion mechanisms. Such plants, with high aboveground biomass, may play crucial roles in saline habitats, including soil desalination and phytoremediation of polluted soils and waters. These plants cause significant changes in some of the soil’s physical and chemical properties; and have proven efficient in removing heavy metals and metabolizing organic compounds from oil and gas activities. Halophytes in Qatar, such as Halopeplis perfoliata, Salicornia europaea, Salsola soda, and Tetraena qatarensis, are shown here to play significant roles in the phytoremediation of polluted soils and waters. Microorganisms associated with these halophytes (such as endophytic bacteria) might boost these plants to remediate saline and polluted soils. A significant number of these bacteria, such as Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp., are reported here to play important roles in many sectors of life. We explore the mechanisms adopted by the endophytic bacteria to promote and support these halophytes in the desalination of saline soils and phytoremediation of polluted soils. The possible roles played by endophytes in different parts of native plants are given to elucidate the mechanisms of cooperation between these native plants and the associated microorganisms.

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Asilian, Ebrahim, Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei, Abdolmajid Ronaghi, Mozhgan Sepehri, and Ali Niazi. "Chemical- and microbial-enhanced phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated calcareous soil by maize." Toxicology and Industrial Health 35, no. 5 (May 2019): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233719842752.

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Phytoremediation is an appropriate technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. A greenhouse trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that application of surfactant levels and inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium and/or Piriformospora indica fungus enhances the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd). Maize seeds were sown in Cd-polluted soil, and after 2 months Cd status in plant tissues and Cd phytoremediation criteria was determined. Results showed that application of surfactant increased root and shoot dry weight. Mean Cd uptake in roots and shoots increased following the application of 2 and 4 mmol kg−1 Tween 80, respectively. Application of 2 mmol kg−1 Tween 80 increased mean Cd uptake efficiency, while application of 4 mmol kg−1 Tween 80 increased phytoextraction and translocation efficiencies. Inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens was mostly effective in increasing Cd uptake and Cd phytoextraction efficiency, respectively. Co-inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens had no superiority to application of each inoculant alone. Since most of the Cd remained in roots, phytostabilization is probably the main mechanism controlling Cd phytoremediation by maize. According to the results, application of Tween 80 and inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens effectively enhanced phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by maize.

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Allamin, Ibrahim Alkali, and Mohd Yunus Shukor. "Phytoremediation of PAHs in Contaminated Soils: A Review." Bioremediation Science and Technology Research 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v9i2.609.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are also part of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are considered to be especially toxic to humans (carcinogenic), likewise to plants, microorganisms and other living organisms. PAHs soil contamination occurs by storage leaking, transport loss, the land disposal of petroleum waste, and accidental or intentional spills. Due to their ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic activity, PAHs are a significant environmental concern. The methods of controlling and repairing PAH-contaminated soils mainly include physical remediation, chemical remediation and phytoremediation. However, there was an increasing focus on phytoremediation technologies as a result of their unique advantages, including low cost, lack of secondary pollution and large-area application. Phytoremediation is therefore one of the soil remediation technologies with the greatest potential.

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Maldaner, Joseila, Gerusa Pauli Kist Steffen, Cleber Witt Saldanha, Ricardo Bemfica Steffen, Luciane Almeri Tabaldi, Evandro Luiz Missio, Rosana Matos De Morais, and Rejane Flores. "Combining tolerant species and microorganisms for phytoremediation in aluminium-contaminated areas." International Journal of Environmental Studies 77, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2018.1560838.

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Wyszkowska, Jadwiga, Edyta Boros-Lajszner, Agata Borowik, and Jan Kucharski. "The Role of Cellulose in Microbial Diversity Changes in the Soil Contaminated with Cadmium." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 14242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114242.

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Cadmium is an essential element for plant growth and development. Its accumulation in soil is more hazardous to human and animal health than to plants and microorganisms. A pot greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the usability of Sinapis alba L. and Avena sativa L. for the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with cadmium and to verify cellulose viability in the remediation of soil under cadmium pressure in doses from 4 to 16 mg Cd2+ kg−1 soil d.m. (dry matter) The effect of cadmium on soil microbiome was investigated with the culture method and the variable region sequencing method. Sinapis alba L. and Avena sativa L. were found viable in the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with Cd2+. Avena sativa L. was more potent to accumulate Cd2+ in roots than Sinapis alba L. Although the fertilization of Cd2+- contaminated soil with cellulose stimulated the proliferation of microorganisms, it failed to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd2+ on bacterial diversity. Bacteria from the Sphingomonas, Sphingobium, Achromobacter, and Pseudomonas genera represented the core microbiome of the soils sown with two plant species, contaminated with Cd2+ and fertilized with cellulose. Stimulation of the growth and development of these bacteria may boost the efficacy of phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils with Sinapis alba L. and Avena sativa L.

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Liu, Zhongchuang, Li-ao Wang, Shimin Ding, and Hongyan Xiao. "Enhancer assisted-phytoremediation of mercury-contaminated soils by Oxalis corniculata L., and rhizosphere microorganism distribution of Oxalis corniculata L." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 160 (September 2018): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.041.

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Shahid, M., A. Austruy, G. Echevarria, M. Arshad, M. Sanaullah, M. Aslam, M. Nadeem, W. Nasim, and C. Dumat. "EDTA-Enhanced Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals: A Review." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 23, no. 4 (December 16, 2013): 389–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2014.831029.

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Jeong, Seulki, Hee Sun Moon, Woojin Yang, and Kyoungphile Nam. "Applicability of Enhanced-phytoremediation for Arsenic-contaminated Soil." Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7857/jsge.2016.21.1.040.

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Van Aken, Benoit. "Transgenic plants for enhanced phytoremediation of toxic explosives." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 20, no. 2 (April 2009): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2009.01.011.

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Cameselle, Claudio, Reshma A. Chirakkara, and Krishna R. Reddy. "Electrokinetic-enhanced phytoremediation of soils: Status and opportunities." Chemosphere 93, no. 4 (October 2013): 626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.029.

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Qamar, Fouzia, and Samrah Tahir Khan. "Phytoremediation- A Green Technology for Cleaning the Environment." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2018.020149.

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The use of “bioremediation” as a technology and tool was mainly introduced to reduce the high toxic levels of pollutants to a low level by the aid of micro-organisms. But it is less successful when extensive metal and organic pollutants are considered. Heavy metals are poisonous for microorganisms as they explicit direct influence on the biochemical and physiological processes. Thus, to overcome this, a new technology of treating the pollutants was introduced, widely known as phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a combination of techniques used by the employment of plants to accumulate or extract the pollutant on site within its plant parts. It is considered as the one of the best alternative to detoxify pollutants from soil and water. This review comprehensively explains about phytoremediation and the various techniques adopted to deal with the contaminant.

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DalCorso, Giovanni, Elisa Fasani, Anna Manara, Giovanna Visioli, and Antonella Furini. "Heavy Metal Pollutions: State of the Art and Innovation in Phytoremediation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143412.

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Mineral nutrition of plants greatly depends on both environmental conditions, particularly of soils, and the genetic background of the plant itself. Being sessile, plants adopted a range of strategies for sensing and responding to nutrient availability to optimize development and growth, as well as to protect their metabolisms from heavy metal toxicity. Such mechanisms, together with the soil environment, meaning the soil microorganisms and their interaction with plant roots, have been extensively studied with the goal of exploiting them to reclaim polluted lands; this approach, defined phytoremediation, will be the subject of this review. The main aspects and innovations in this field are considered, in particular with respect to the selection of efficient plant genotypes, the application of improved cultural strategies, and the symbiotic interaction with soil microorganisms, to manage heavy metal polluted soils.

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CRIȘAN, Ioana, Roxana VIDICAN, Anca PLEȘA, and Tania MIHĂIESCU. "Phytoremediation Potential of Iris spp." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 78, no. 1 (May 14, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:2020.0046.

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Iris plants are widely cultivated flowering ornamentals, with a long history of traditional use in Eurasia, where this genus is reaching the highest diversity. This paper aims to provide an overview on recent advances related to the phytoremediation potential of plants from the genus Iris, in order to promote the use of these species in phytoremediation programs. According to the relevant literature, eight species from genus Iris present phytoremediation potential (I. dichotoma, I. germanica, I. halophila, I. lactea, I. latifolia, I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica, I. wilsonii). The studies addressed potential of plants to mitigate toxic metals/metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn), excess of nutrients (P, N), pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals as well as dyes. Most studies focused on wastewater treatment and environments contaminated due to mining activities. Main hindrances in upscaling this green technology remain mitigation of toxicity stress in plants during remediation and the disposal of resulting contaminated biomass. In this sense, use of beneficial microorganisms to alleviate phytotoxicity effects and new valorization possibilities of contaminated Iris spp. biomass have been proposed recently. Designing an entire cycle that includes phytoremediation and sustainable value chains for contaminated biomass could prove feasible and should receive more attention.

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Zhang, Jing, Rui Yin, Xiangui Lin, Weiwei Liu, Ruirui Chen, and Xuanzhen Li. "Interactive Effect of Biosurfactant and Microorganism to Enhance Phytoremediation for Removal of Aged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soils." JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 56, no. 3 (2010): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs.56.257.

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Gladkov, Evgeny A., Dmitry V. Tereshonok, Anna Y. Stepanova, and Olga V. Gladkova. "Plant–Microbe Interactions under the Action of Heavy Metals and under the Conditions of Flooding." Diversity 15, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020175.

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Heavy metals and flooding are among the primary environmental factors affecting plants and microorganisms. This review separately considers the impact of heavy metal contamination of soils on microorganisms and plants, on plant and microbial biodiversity, and on plant–microorganism interactions. The use of beneficial microorganisms is considered one of the most promising methods of increasing stress tolerance since plant-associated microbes reduce metal accumulation, so the review focuses on plant–microorganism interactions and their practical application in phytoremediation. The impact of flooding as an adverse environmental factor is outlined. It has been shown that plants and bacteria under flooding conditions primarily suffer from a lack of oxygen and activation of anaerobic microflora. The combined effects of heavy metals and flooding on microorganisms and plants are also discussed. In conclusion, we summarize the combined effects of heavy metals and flooding on microorganisms and plants.

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Ihtisham, Muhammad, Azam Noori, Saurabh Yadav, Mohammad Sarraf, Pragati Kumari, Marian Brestic, Muhammad Imran, Fuxing Jiang, Xiaojun Yan, and Anshu Rastogi. "Silver Nanoparticle’s Toxicological Effects and Phytoremediation." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092164.

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The advancement in nanotechnology has brought numerous benefits for humans in diverse areas including industry, medicine, and agriculture. The demand in the application of nanomaterials can result in the release of these anthropogenic materials into soil and water that can potentially harm the environment by affecting water and soil properties (e.g., soil texture, pH, organic matter, and water content), plants, animals, and subsequently human health. The properties of nanoparticles including their size, surface area, and reactivity affect their fate in the environment and can potentially result in their toxicological effects in the ecosystem and on living organisms. There is extensive research on the application of nano-based materials and the consequences of their release into the environment. However, there is little information about environmentally friendly approaches for removing nanomaterials from the environment. This article provides insight into the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as one of the most commonly used nanomaterials, their toxicological effects, their impacts on plants and microorganisms, and briefly reviews the possibility of remediation of these metabolites using phytotechnology approaches. This article provides invaluable information to better understand the fate of nanomaterials in the environment and strategies in removing them from the environment.

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Jaskulak, Marta, and Anna Grobelak. "Potential applications of plant in vitro cultures in phytoremediation studies." Challenges of Modern Technology 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2613.

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The main aim of this review is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of use of in vitro plant cell and organ cultures as useful research tools in process of phytoremediation. Plant tissue cultures including cell suspensions, callus and hairy roots are frequently used in the phytoremediation research, mostly as a model plant systems. One of the most important advantages of using in vitro cultures is the ability to examine the metabolic capabilities of plant cells as well as their capacity for toxicity tolerance in controlled conditions without any interference from microorganisms and processes occurring naturally in soils. The results obtained from plant cell or tissue cultures can be used to predict the responses of plants to environmental stressors and also to mass produce stress induced proteins and other metabolites. The aim of this review is to present possible applications for in vitro cultures in phytoremediation studies.

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Ibragimova, T. M., P. Sh Mammadova, E. R. Babayev, K. R. Gahramanova, and A. E. Almammadova. "Biotechnological method of cleaning oil-contaminated soils." World of petroleum products 02 (2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-2-20-23.

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This article provides a brief description of one of the modern technologies - phytoremediation, based on the rehabilitation of soils and water, polluted mainly by oil and heavy metals, and is a cleaning process, based on the use of the root zone of green plants (in this case, wormwood) with the simultaneous saturation of the soil biota with various types of oil-degrading microorganisms, isolated from the soils of the study area, and various heterotrophic microorganisms, the main role of which is to assimilate the products of intermediate oxidation of hydrocarbons.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phytoremediation enhanced by microorganisms'

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