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Academic literature on the topic 'Phytoremediation enhanced by microorganisms'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Phytoremediation enhanced by microorganisms"

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ANDARISTA UTOMO, ADZALIA, and SARWOKO MANGKOEDIHARDJO. "Preliminary Assessment of Mixed Plants for Phytoremediation of Chromium Contaminated Soil." Current World Environment 13, Special issue 1 (November 25, 2018): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.special-issue1.04.

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This study determined the ability of mixed plants of Helianthus annus, Zinnia elegans, and Impatiens balsamine to remove chromium (Cr) from soil. This research used respirometer to measure the respiration rate of microorganisms in soil media and Atomic Absorption Spectophotometry to measure Cr content on soil and plants. The results of the study showed that the plants were able to remove Cr from the soil as much as 74%. However, the removal enhanced by microbial activity on the rootzone.
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Ptaszek, Natalia, Magdalena Pacwa-Płociniczak, Magdalena Noszczyńska, and Tomasz Płociniczak. "Comparative Study on Multiway Enhanced Bio- and Phytoremediation of Aged Petroleum-Contaminated Soil." Agronomy 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070947.

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Bioremediation and phytoremediation of soil polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are an effective and eco-friendly alternative to physicochemical methods of soil decontamination. These techniques can be supported by the addition of effective strains and/or surface-active compounds. However, to obtain maximum efficacy of bioremediation, the interactions that occur between the microorganisms, enhancement factors and plants need to be studied. Our study aimed to investigate the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from an aged and highly polluted soil (hydrocarbon content about 2.5%) using multiway enhanced bio- and phytoremediation. For this purpose, 10 enhanced experimental groups were compared to two untreated controls. Among the enhanced experimental groups, the bio- and phytoremediation processes were supported by the endophytic strain Rhodococcus erythropolis CDEL254. This bacterial strain has several plant growth-promoting traits and can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and produce biosurfactants. Additionally, a rhamnolipid solution produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to support the total petroleum hydrocarbon loss from soil. After 112 days of incubation, the highest PH removal (31.1%) was observed in soil planted with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Pearlgreen) treated with living cells of the CDEL254 strain and rhamnolipid solution. For non-planted experimental groups, the highest PH loss (26.1%) was detected for soil treated with heat-inactivated CDEL254 cells and a rhamnolipid solution. In general, the differences in the efficacy of the 10 experimental groups supported by plants, live/dead cells of the strain tested and rhamnolipid were not statistically significant. However, each of these groups was significantly more effective than the appropriate control groups. The PH loss in untreated (natural attenuation) and soils that underwent phytoremediation reached a value of 14.2% and 17.4%, respectively. Even though the CDEL254 strain colonized plant tissues and showed high survival in soil, its introduction did not significantly increase PH loss compared to systems treated with dead biomass. These results indicate that the development of effective biological techniques requires a customized approach to the polluted site and effective optimization of the methods used.
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Pino, Nancy J., Luisa M. Muñera, and Gustavo A. Peñuela. "Bioaugmentation with Immobilized Microorganisms to Enhance Phytoremediation of PCB-Contaminated Soil." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 25, no. 4 (April 27, 2016): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2016.1148010.

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Zhao, Chong, Guosen Zhang, and Jinhui Jiang. "Enhanced Phytoremediation of Bisphenol A in Polluted Lake Water by Seedlings of Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum from In Vitro Culture." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020810.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical endocrine disruptor that causes problems in waters all around the world. In this study, the effects of submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum) cultured in vitro on the removal of BPA at two initial concentrations (0.5 mg L−1 vs. 5.0 mg L−1) from Donghu lake water were investigated, using different biomass densities (2 g L−1 vs. 10 g L−1) under different nutrient conditions (1.85 mg L−1 and 0.039 mg L−1 vs. 8.04 mg L−1 and 0.175 mg L−1 of the total nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, respectively), together with the effect of indigenous microorganisms in the water. The results showed that indigenous microorganisms had limited capacity for BPA removal, especially at higher BPA initial concentration when its removal rate amounted to about 12% in 12 days. Addition with plant seedlings (5 cm in length) greatly enhanced the BPA removal, which reached 100% and over 50% at low and high BPA initial concentration in 3 days, respectively. Higher biomass density greatly favored the process, resulting in 100% of BPA removal at high BPA initial concentration in 3 days. However, increases in nutrient availability had little effect on the BPA removal by plants. BPA at 10.0 mg L−1 significantly inhibited the growth of M. spicatum. Therefore, C. demersum may be a candidate for phytoremediation due to greater efficiency for BPA removal and tolerance to BPA pollution. Overall, seedlings of submerged macrophytes from in vitro culture showed great potential for use in phytoremediation of BPA in natural waters, especially C. demersum.
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Alarcón, Alejandro, Fred T. Davies, Robin L. Autenrieth, and David A. Zuberer. "Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Petroleum-Degrading Microorganisms Enhance Phytoremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil." International Journal of Phytoremediation 10, no. 4 (July 8, 2008): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226510802096002.

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Jin, Zhong Min, Wei Sha, Yan Fu Zhang, Jing Zhao, and Hongyang Ji. "Isolation of Burkholderia cepacia JB12 from lead- and cadmium-contaminated soil and its potential in promoting phytoremediation with tall fescue and red clover." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 7 (July 2013): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0650.

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Phytoremediation combined with suitable microorganisms and biodegradable chelating agents can be a means of reclaiming lands contaminated by toxic heavy metals. We investigated the ability of a lead- and cadmium-resistant bacterial strain (JB12) and the biodegradable chelator ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid (EDDS) to improve absorption of these metals from soil by tall fescue and red clover. Strain JB12 was isolated from contaminated soil samples, analysed for lead and cadmium resistance, and identified as Burkholderia cepacia. Tall fescue and red clover were grown in pots to which we added JB12, (S,S)-EDDS, combined JB12 and EDDS, or water only. Compared with untreated plants, the biomass of plants treated with JB12 was significantly increased. Concentrations of lead and cadmium in JB12-treated plants increased significantly, with few exceptions. Plants treated with EDDS responded variably, but in those treated with combined EDDS and JB12, heavy metal concentrations increased significantly in tall fescue and in the aboveground parts of red clover. We conclude that JB12 is resistant to lead and cadmium. Its application to the soil improved the net uptake of these heavy metals by experimental plants. The potential for viable phytoremediation of lead- and cadmium-polluted soils with tall fescue and red clover combined with JB12 was further enhanced by the addition of EDDS.
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Guo, Shuyu, Bo Feng, Chunqiao Xiao, Qi Wang, and Ruan Chi. "Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms to enhance phytoremediation of excess phosphorus pollution in phosphate mining wasteland soil." Bioremediation Journal 25, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2021.1884528.

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Irawati, Wahyu, Adolf Jan Nexson Parhusip, Nida Sopiah, and Juniche Anggelique Tnunay. "The Role of Heavy Metals-Resistant Bacteria Acinetobacter sp. in Copper Phytoremediation using Eichhornia crasippes [(Mart.) Solms]." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i5.995.

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<p>Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process using plants and microorganisms to extract, sequester, or detoxify heavy metals. <em>Eichhornia crassipes </em>[(Mart.) Solms] is a well-known phytoremediating plant that has the ability to remove heavy metals from water by accumulating them in their tissues. <em>Acinetobacter </em>sp. IrC1 and <em>Acinetobacter </em>sp. IrC2 are copper resistant bacteria isolated from industrial waste in Rungkut, Surabaya. The aim of this research was to study the effect of <em>Acinetobacter </em>sp. IrC1 and <em>Acinetobacter </em>sp. IrC2 inoculation in copper phytoremediation process using <em>Eichhornia crassipes</em>. Bacterial isolate with colony form unit of 10<sup>8 </sup>was inoculated into the rhizosphere of <em>Eichhornia crassipes </em>in water containing 10 mL · L<sup>–1 </sup>and 20 mL · L<sup>–1</sup> copper. Copper removal in contaminated water and copper accumulation in the plant roots was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that inoculation treatment enhanced the potency of the plant to reduce copper from 94 % concentration level in the medium without bacterial inoculation to 98.3 % and 97 % in medium inoculated with <em>Acinetobacter </em>sp. IrC1 and <em>Acinetobacter </em>sp. IrC2, respectively. <em>Eichhornia crassipes </em>inoculated with <em>Acinetobacter </em>sp. IrC1 accumulated up to six fold higher copper concentrations in roots compared with un-inoculated controls. The roots of <em>Eichhornia crassipes</em> accumulated 596 mg · kg<sup>–1</sup>and 391 mg · kg<sup>–1</sup> in medium containing 5 mL · L<sup>–1</sup> and 10 mL · L<sup>–1</sup> copper without inoculation, while, the upper part of the plants accumulated up to 353 2.5 mg · kg<sup>–1</sup> and 194 1.5 mg · kg<sup>–1</sup> in medium inoculated with <em>Acinetobacter</em> sp. IrC1, respectively. The findings of the study indicated that <em>Acinetobacter </em>sp. IrC1 and <em>Acinetobacter </em>sp. IrC2 can improve the phytoremediation potential of <em>Eichhornia crassipes</em>.</p>
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Dhawi, Faten. "The Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPMs) and Their Feasibility in Hydroponics and Vertical Farming." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020247.

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There are many reasons for the increase in hydroponics/soil-free systems in agriculture, and these systems have now advanced to the form of vertical farming. The sustainable use of space, the reduction in water use compared to soil-based agriculture, the lack of pesticides, the ability to control nutrient inputs, and the implementation of user-friendly technology for environmental control and harvesting are all factors that have made the global market for vertical farming predicted to reach more than USD 10.02 billion by 2027. By comparison, soil-based agriculture consumes 20 times more water, and some agricultural practices promote soil deterioration and cause environmental pollution. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) have been used extensively in traditional agriculture to enhance plant growth, environmental stress tolerance, and the efficacy of phytoremediation in soil-based farming. Due to the controlled atmosphere in hydroponics and vertical farms, there is strong potential to maximize the use of PGPMs. Here, we review the leveraging of plant growth-promoting microorganism mechanisms in hydroponics and vertical farming. We recommend a synchronized PGPM treatment using a biostimulant extract added to the hydroponic medium while also pre-treating seeds or seedlings with a microbial suspension for aquaponic and aeroponic systems.
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Iqra Tabassum, Sumaira Mazhar, and Beenish Sarfraz. "Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Soil Using Sorghum Plant in Association with Indigenous Microbes." Scientific Inquiry and Review 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir.63.05.

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Heavy metals are discharged in large quantities in both land and water bodies, causing long-term damage to living organisms. Phytoremediation is an effective way to address this problem. The goal of this study was to identify how lead resistant microorganisms affect the growth of sorghum plant, both in the presence and absence of lead. For this purpose, lead resistant microbes were isolated to investigate the growth and concentration of lead in the sorghum plant. Isolated species were inoculated with lead containing media in different concentrations, such as 300, 400, 500, and 600 µg/ml concentrations. Highly lead resistant bacterial isolates were selected and inoculated with sorghum seeds under typical environmental conditions in small pots, with and without lead contamination (300 mg/Kg). In the presence of lead resistant bacteria, efficient growth was observed with less concentration of lead in the plants. Promising results were observed in the presence of GS3 and IS2 isolates. The current study showed that lead tolerant bacterial isolates are very helpful to degrade lead when grown with sorghum seeds. Furthermore, it also enhances the growth of sorghum plant.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phytoremediation enhanced by microorganisms"

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Afegbua, Seniyat Larai. "Importance of plants and microorganisms in the Phytoremediation of brownfield sites." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5450/.

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Phytoremediation is an emerging green technology for the restoration of contaminated sites with various organic and inorganic contaminants. However, phytoremediation efficiency is limited by factors such as contaminant concentration, toxicity and bioavailability, plant choice and stress tolerance, and competence of indigenous microorganisms. A number of possible solutions have been proposed to overcome these limitations. The use of tolerant plant candidates, mixed plant communities and bioaugmentation with microbes and/or plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been proposed to suppress plant growth inhibition/phytotoxicity and enhance contaminant degradation through the rhizosphere effect but there is need for more research to understand their impact. This research assessed the impact of contaminant stress (diesel fuel, PAH; phenanthrene, fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene, and heavy metal) on selected plant species and microbial community structure, contribution of abiotic processes and rhizoremediation to PAH dissipation, and the impact of PGPB on plant growth and PAH dissipation. These objectives were achieved through greenhouse experiments with M. sativa, F. arundinacea and L. perenne on diesel fuel- and PAH-spiked soils. Diesel-fuel treatments had a negative impact on plant biomass yields while the single and mixed PAH treatments had stimulatory and inhibitory effects on plant biomass yields relative to the control.
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Saunders, Aaron M. "The physiology of microorganisms in enhanced biological phosphorous removal /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20060322.224547/index.html.

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Wu, Shengchun. "Enhanced phytoextraction of metal contaminated soils using beneficial microorganisms." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/589.

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Sengupta, Atanu. "Detection of biological species by surface enhanced Raman scattering /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8523.

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Hii, Yiik Siang. "Isolation and Microencapsulation of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms for Enhanced Agricultural Growth on Peat." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82187.

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Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plants growth, but it tends to form complexes with aluminium which limits the plant intake. Hence, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) serve as an alternative to solubilize and mineralize insoluble phosphate complexes. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was isolated and encapsulated in alginate microbeads by using the impinging aerosol method. This study also aimed to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that could describe the impinging aerosol application.
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Michelini, Lucia. "Sulfonamide accumulation and effects on herbaceous and woody plants and microorganisms." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422567.

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One of the main routes through which pharmaceuticals may enter the environment consists in the medication of livestock. In fact, in Europe the annual national sales of active substance for veterinary consumption reach hundreds of tons. After medication, up to 90% of the administered medicine dose may be excreted unaltered and, following the use of manure as fertilizer, soils and waters are contaminated. The present work focuses on the effects and eventual accumulation on woody and herbaceous plants of sulfonamides, a group of antimicrobial agents (from now on called antibiotics) frequently detected in agricultural ecosystems, whose persistence poses a serious risk to soil and water living organisms. The thesis consists of 7 chapters, presenting, in the first one, a general introduction on the antibiotic presence in the environment and its consequences on the growth and development of exposed living organisms. Subsequently, from chapter 2 to chapter 6, various experimental trials are presented, some of them carried out under laboratory conditions and others in greenhouse. More specifically, chapter 2 reports the first study performed, which deals with Salix fragilis L. plant response and the accumulation of sulfadimethoxine antibiotic, added in the nutrient solution at doses ranging from 155 to 620 mg l-1. Such a study highlights the potential of this woody species to absorb and accumulate the active molecule at the level of root apparatus. Chapter 3 retraces the experimental design of chapter 2, with the difference that Salix fragilis L. plants were exposed to environmental relevant sulfadimethoxine doses, from 0.01 up 10 mg l-1. The trial had demonstrated that no adverse effects on the growth of willow plants appeared up to 1 mg l-1 of antibiotic. Conversely, increasing levels of the antibiotic caused important alterations of the willow root architecture. Chapters 4 and 5 consider, respectively, the effects and accumulation of a different sulfonamide on Salix fragilis L. and Zea mays L. plants, grown in a soil spiked with 10 and 200 mg kg-1 of sulfadiazine. Moreover, its impact on the composition of root associated soil microbial community and on the activities of selected enzymes was analyzed. The last study, presented in chapter 6, focuses on alterations induced by about 10 mg l-1 of sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethazine on Hordeum vulgare L. root structure and function. This chapter highlights the strong effects of the antibiotics, not only on the root apparatus morphology, but also on the membrane integrity of root cells. To conclude (chapter 7), it is highlighted that Salix fragilis L. seems to better accumulate and withstand the active molecules tested than Zea mays L. and Hordeum vulgare L., while the herbaceous species are more vulnerable to this kind of pollutant exposure and, therefore, not recommended for eventual remediation purposes. Furthermore, chapter 7 notes the adverse consequences on the functional and structural diversity of the soil microbial community.
Una delle vie principali attraverso cui i farmaci possono entrare nell'ambiente consiste nell’ampio uso che se ne fa in zootecnia. Infatti, in Europa questi principi attivi sono venduti nell’ordine di centinaia di tonnellate annue per singola nazione, per il solo utilizzo in ambito veterinario. In seguito alla somministrazione, fino al 90% della dose utilizzata di farmaco può essere escreta inalterata e, in seguito all'utilizzo del letame come ammendante organico, suolo e acque possono risultare contaminate. Il presente studio si concentra sugli effetti e sull’accumulo in piante legnose ed erbacee di sulfamidici, un gruppo di agenti antimicrobici (d'ora in poi chiamati antibiotici) frequentemente rilevati negli ecosistemi agrari, la cui persistenza rappresenta un serio rischio per gli organismi viventi ad essi connessi. La tesi è articolata in 7 capitoli. Nella prima parte (capitolo 1) è descritta la situazione generale relativa alla presenza di antibiotici negli ambienti agrari e al loro impatto sulla crescita e lo sviluppo di organismi viventi ad essi esposti. Successivamente, dal capitolo 2 al capitolo 6, sono presentate varie prove sperimentali, alcune effettuate in laboratorio ed altre in serra. In particolare, il capitolo 2 si occupa della risposta di piante di Salix fragilis L. all’antibiotico sulfadimetossina, aggiunto alla soluzione nutritiva in concentrazioni da 155 a 620 mg l-1, nonché del potenziale accumulo nei tessuti vegetali. Lo studio mostra la tendenza di questa specie legnosa di assorbire e accumulare la molecola attiva a livello di apparato radicale. Il capitolo 3 ripercorre il disegno sperimentale adottato nella prova descritta nel capitolo 2, con la differenza che, in questo caso, le piante di Salix fragilis L. sono state esposte a dosi di sulfadimetossina che approssimano quelle registrate in alcuni ambientali agrari, ovvero da 0.01 a 10 mg l-1. Lo studio ha mostrato che non appaiono effetti negativi sulla crescita delle piante di salice fino alla dose di 1 mg l-1. Tuttavia, aumentando il livello del principio attivo sono state evidenziate delle importanti alterazioni sull’architettura radicale. I capitoli 4 e 5 considerano, rispettivamente, gli effetti e l'accumulo di un altro sulfamidico in piante di Salix fragilis L. e Zea mays L., coltivate in un terreno arricchito con 10 mg e 200 kg-1 di sulfadiazina e il suo impatto sulle comunità microbiche e sulle attività enzimatiche associate al suolo e alla radice delle due specie vegetali. L'ultimo studio, presentato nel capitolo 6, si concentra sugli effetti indotti da circa 10 mg l-1 di sulfadimetossina e sulfametazina sulla struttura e sulla funzionalità di radici di Hordeum vulgare L. I risultati provano che i sulfamidici causano importanti effetti sulla morfologia dell'apparato radicale e sull’integrità delle membrane delle cellule radicali. Concludendo, si è evidenziato (capitolo 7) che il Salix fragilis L. accumula e tollera meglio di Zea mays L. e Hordeum vulgare L. le molecole attive testate, mentre le specie erbacee sembrano essere più vulnerabili a questi inquinanti, di cui ne viene sconsigliato l’eventuale utilizzo nel campo del fitorimedio. Inoltre, in capitolo 7 rimarca le conseguenze negative sulla diversità funzionale e strutturale delle comunità microbiche del suolo.
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Van, Zwieten Lukas. "Enhanced biodegradation of phenoxyacetate and triazine herbicides by plant-microbial rhizoplane associations and adapted soil microorganisms." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1995. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26900.

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Strategies for the enhanced biological degradation of pesticides were examined in this research project. In one approach, the concept of the plant—microbial rhizosphere association was investigated as a laboratory model using the herbicide 2,4-D as a test compound. In another, an enhanced degradation of the recalcitrant herbicide atrazine was shown. Here, two microbial populations each capable of rapid atrazine metabolism were studied. The metabolism of 2,4-D by bacteria associated with the root system of wheat and canola seedlings was demonstrated in this study using a hydroponic system as well as a solid medium of sand and gravel. Significant and rapid 2,4-D metabolism (near 100% within 24h) was found in all hydroponic systems where the 2,4-D degrading microorganisms, Acinetobacter baumannii pJP4 transconjugant, Alcaligenes eutrophus and Azospirillum brasilense pIP4 transconjugant were associated with the roots. The metabolism of 2,4-D by Azospirillum brasilense pJP4 transconjugant associated with wheat was less rapid than associations with the other 2,4-D degrading bacteria. There was little difference in the rates of degradation between the hydroponic system and the sand/gravel mixture. The colonisation of the roots of seedlings by microbes was studied by both fluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Colonisation was often prolific without favoured areas of attachment on the root. A pre-treatment of seedlings with a synthetic auxin which formed para-nodular structures had little effect on the nature of colonisation. Counts of colony forming units, however, established that there was an increase of an order in magnitude of cells per root system when the plants were pretreated with this synthetic auxin. An average of 5.5 x 106 viable cells of 2,4-D degrading Acinetobacter baumannii were counted on para-modulated wheat root systems. It was demonstrated that the colonisation of the rhizosphere by suitable microbes could protect canola seedlings against phytotoxic effects of the applied herbicide. Whether this bio-safening effect will be seen in solid media or in field situations with these nonleguminous plants was not investigated. Significant rates of atrazine degradation either in the laboratory or in the field have rarely been reported. Attempts were therefore made to obtain microbes capable of such metabolism. These attempts had the ultimate goal of providing microbes for application in the model plant microbial rhizosphere association. Two microbial cultures, each capable of rapid atrazine metabolism, were obtained and studies of the metabolic processes were conducted. Rhodococcus sp. NI86/21 metabolised atrazine within l44h to two N—dealkylated products, desisopropylatrazine and desethylatrazine. Mineralisation of the ethyl-14C labelled sidechain to 14CO; was demonstrated, accounting for 25% of the total applied label in the broth culture. Desisopropylatrazine was shown to be the major metabolite. Desethylatrazine was shown as a terminal metabolite in the degradation of atrazine by Rhodococcus sp. N186/21, accumulating in the broth. In other studies using it as the substrate, no firrther metabolism was found. Desisopropylatrazine was also indicated to have been a terminal metabolite as it too accumulated in the broth. The metabolism of prometryn, a thio-ester (non-chlorinated) s-triazine was also investigated in these studies. Although Rhodococcus Sp. N186/21 did not rapidly degrade prometryn under similar conditions to those used with the atrazine assays, a mono-N-dealkylated metabolite was identified by mass-spectrometry. Possibly, prometryn was toxic to the Rhodococcus at the concentration used (lOug mL'l), as only minimal growth of the bacteria in the broth was observed by increased absorbance. Such a toxic effect was likely to have inhibited the N-dealkylation metabolism of the prometryn. In another approach, soil from a pesticide sullage site on a farm in northern NSW was assayed for its atrazine metabolising ability. Although there was no initial activity, after 30 months of perfirsion of the soil with a concentrated solution of the herbicide, it had acquired the ability to rapidly mineralise atrazine. A rapid conversion of the three carbons in the s—triazine ring to C02 was demonstrated using radiolabelled atrazine. Also, the labelled carbon in the ethyl sidechain of atrazine was rapidly metabolised to CO2. The sidechain 14C label was mineralised to 14C02 at a slower rate than the carbons in the ring. It was demonstrated that there was a likelihood of the sidechain carbon being incorporated into an unextractable intermediate metabolite, which was subsequently also less susceptible to attack by the microorganisms. There were no significant metabolites of atrazine accumulated in the broth. The likely presence of hydroxyatrazine was noted in the assay using uniformly ring—labelled [14C] atrazine. Hydroxyatrazine was also identified in the assay with ethyl-sidechain labelled [14C] atrazine, however, the amount detected was less. The presence of atrazine at 25pg mL-l inhibited nitrification reactions in the soil, however, at a saturating concentration of SOug mL-l there was some ammonia oxidation noted. Attempts to isolate single bacterial colonies capable of the metabolism of atrazine were unsuccessful. Although there was insufficient time to utilise these microbial cultures in the plant microbial rhizosphere associations, studies on the metabolism of atrazine have sufficiently characterised the nature of biodegradation to suggest that plant-microbial associations can be confidently tested in fiiture experiments.
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Cabrera, Motta José Alfonso. "Isolation, characterization and interactions of soil microorganisms involved in the enhanced biodegradation of non-fumigant organophosphate nematicides." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996598324/04.

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Willis, Robert M. "ncreased Production and Extraction Efficiency of Triacylglycerides from Microorganisms and an Enhanced Understanding of the Pathways Involved in the Production of Triacylglycerides and Fatty Alcohols." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1530.

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The continued increase in the demand for fossil fuels combined with their ever dwindling supply has prompted the search for a suitable alternative fuel. The research contained within this dissertation seeks to increase the lipid content of cellular feedstocks, improve extraction efficiencies of lipids, and understand the pathways involved in the production of fatty alcohols and triacylglycerides from microbial feedstocks. As part of this research the diatom, Cheatoceros gracilis, was grown at small and large scale to determine optimal growing conditions. No apparent nutrient stress trigger was required to initiate the accumulation of the biodiesel precursor triacylglyceride, unlike other documented algal strains. A follow-up to this project demonstrated that the microalga C. gracilis may utilize light intensity as a trigger for lipid production. A major difficulty in the production of biofuels from microorganisms is the expensive process of dewatering, drying, and extracting the lipid compounds from the cells. As part of this research, a process has been developed that allows for lipid extraction to occur in the presence of water at a point as low as 2 percent solids or 98 percent water. This process utilizes a single organic solvent that mixes well with microbial lipids, but poorly with water allowing for efficient extraction of lipids and fast solvent to water separation. This process greatly decreases the cost of the microbial biofuels production associated with the removal of water from cell slurries. Triacylglycerides and fatty alcohols are oleochemicals that are commonly used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and consumable processes. A predicted fatty acyl CoA reductase enzyme was cloned into an E. coli vector, expressed, characterized and shown to be active as a dual reductive enzyme reducing a fatty acyl CoA to its respective fatty alcohol, constituting the first enzyme of this type discovered in a bacterium. The process of triacylglyceride production in microbes is fairly well understood; however, the process that regulates this production has not yet been fully explored. As part of this research, the model yeast organism, Yarrowea lipolytica, is utilized to identify essential genes for citrate transport that if removed could result in increasing triacylglyceride production in vivo.
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Willis, Robert M. "Increased Production and Extraction Efficiency of Triacylglycerides from Microorganisms and an Enhanced Understanding of the Pathways Involved in the Production of Triacylglycerides and Fatty Alcohols." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1530.

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The continued increase in the demand for fossil fuels combined with their ever dwindling supply has prompted the search for a suitable alternative fuel. The research contained within this dissertation seeks to increase the lipid content of cellular feedstocks, improve extraction efficiencies of lipids, and understand the pathways involved in the production of fatty alcohols and triacylglycerides from microbial feedstocks. As part of this research the diatom, Cheatoceros gracilis, was grown at small and large scale to determine optimal growing conditions. No apparent nutrient stress trigger was required to initiate the accumulation of the biodiesel precursor triacylglyceride, unlike other documented algal strains. A follow-up to this project demonstrated that the microalga C. gracilis may utilize light intensity as a trigger for lipid production. A major difficulty in the production of biofuels from microorganisms is the expensive process of dewatering, drying, and extracting the lipid compounds from the cells. As part of this research, a process has been developed that allows for lipid extraction to occur in the presence of water at a point as low as 2 percent solids or 98 percent water. This process utilizes a single organic solvent that mixes well with microbial lipids, but poorly with water allowing for efficient extraction of lipids and fast solvent to water separation. This process greatly decreases the cost of the microbial biofuels production associated with the removal of water from cell slurries. Triacylglycerides and fatty alcohols are oleochemicals that are commonly used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and consumable processes. A predicted fatty acyl CoA reductase enzyme was cloned into an E. coli vector, expressed, characterized and shown to be active as a dual reductive enzyme reducing a fatty acyl CoA to its respective fatty alcohol, constituting the first enzyme of this type discovered in a bacterium. The process of triacylglyceride production in microbes is fairly well understood; however, the process that regulates this production has not yet been fully explored. As part of this research, the model yeast organism, Yarrowea lipolytica, is utilized to identify essential genes for citrate transport that if removed could result in increasing triacylglyceride production in vivo.
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Books on the topic "Phytoremediation enhanced by microorganisms"

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Johnson, A. Amendment-enhanced phytoextraction of soil contaminants. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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A, Johnson, and Singhal Naresh 1963-, eds. Amendment-enhanced phytoextraction of soil contaminants. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Smith, Geoffrey B. Development of a laser-based detection system for water-borne pathogens. Las Cruces, N.M: New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, New Mexico State University, 2004.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Enhanced Characterization of Microorganisms in the Spacecraft Environment. Independently Published, 2018.

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Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms: Microbial Resources for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.

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Raj, Niranjan S., and A. C. Udayashankar. Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms: Microbial Resources for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Phytoremediation enhanced by microorganisms"

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Tabinda, Amtul Bari, Ajwa Tahir, Maryam Dogar, Abdullah Yasar, Rizwan Rasheed, and Mahnoor. "Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Toxic Metals from Contaminated Soil." In Phytoremediation, 231–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17988-4_12.

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Kaur, Charanjeet, Babli Bhandari, Alok Srivastava, and Vijai Pal Singh. "Rhizobacteria Versus Chelating Agents: Tool for Phytoremediation." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 249–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2679-4_9.

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Majumder, Anrini, and Sumita Jha. "Hairy Roots: A Promising Tool for Phytoremediation." In Microorganisms in Environmental Management, 607–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2229-3_27.

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Crowley, David E., Sam Alvey, and Eric S. Gilbert. "Rhizosphere Ecology of Xenobiotic-Degrading Microorganisms." In Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants, 20–36. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0664.ch002.

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Poonam and Narendra Kumar. "Natural and Artificial Soil Amendments for the Efficient Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 1–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9664-0_1.

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Anand, Sangeeta, Sushil Kumar Bharti, Sanjeev Kumar, S. C. Barman, and Narendra Kumar. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals and Pesticides Present in Water Using Aquatic Macrophytes." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 89–119. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9664-0_4.

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Ghosh, Dipita, B. S. Manisha Singh, Manish Kumar, Subodh Kumar Maiti, and Nabin Kumar Dhal. "Role of Endophytic Microorganisms in Phosphate Solubilization and Phytoremediation of Degraded Soils." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 387–400. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5029-2_16.

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Akhundova, Elmira, and Yamen Atakishiyeva. "Interaction Between Plants and Biosurfactant Producing Microorganisms in Petroleum Contaminated Absheron Soils." In Phytoremediation for Green Energy, 115–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7887-0_7.

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Deb, Vishal Kumar, Ahmad Rabbani, Shashi Upadhyay, Priyam Bharti, Hitesh Sharma, Devendra Singh Rawat, and Gaurav Saxena. "Microbe-Assisted Phytoremediation in Reinstating Heavy Metal-Contaminated Sites: Concepts, Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Perspectives." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 161–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2679-4_6.

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Prochazka, Marek. "SERS Investigations of Cells, Viruses and Microorganisms." In Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, 127–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23992-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phytoremediation enhanced by microorganisms"

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Gao, L. D., R. J. Zheng, T. An, S. Zhang, and M. L. Pang. "Enhanced Phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated Soil with -Cyclodextrin." In 5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icadme-15.2015.176.

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Chen, Tao, Chengxun Sun, and Weiwei Chen. "Tween80-enhanced phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls-contaminated soil." In The 3rd International Conference on Application of Materials Science and Environmental Materials (AMSEM2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813141124_0031.

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Culha, Mustafa, P. M. Champion, and L. D. Ziegler. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Microorganisms." In XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3482861.

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Reddy, Krishna R., Gema Amaya-Santos, and Girish Kumar. "Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Soil Amendments for Enhanced Phytoremediation." In ASCE India Conference 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482025.014.

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Jadhav, Madhavi Vitthal. "Enhanced Coal bed Methane Recovery Using Microorganisms." In SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/105117-ms.

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Angelova, Violina. "PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF ENHANCED TOBACCO IN SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS." In 2nd International Scientific Conference. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2018.1049.

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Premuzic, E. T., and M. Lin. "Prospects for Thermophilic Microorganisms in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/21015-ms.

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Osmolovskaya, N. G., V. Yu Samuta, M. V. Bogomazova, O. N. Kuzina, and V. V. Kurilenko. "PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF SOME ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN RELATION TO URBAN SOILS POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-1103-1105.

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Chen, T., C. X. Sun, G. G. Lin, and Weiwei Chen. "Change in enzymatic activity in Tween80-enhanced phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soil." In The 3rd International Conference on Application of Materials Science and Environmental Materials (AMSEM2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813141124_0026.

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Al-Harbawee, W. E. Q., D. I. Bashmakov, and A. S. Lukatkin. "ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS FROM CENTRAL RUSSIA FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER CONTAINING HEAVY METALS." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-1021-1024.

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Reports on the topic "Phytoremediation enhanced by microorganisms"

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Li, Jiangxia, Jun Zhang, Steven Larson, John Ballard, Kai Guo, Zikri Arslan, Youhua Ma, Charles Waggoner, Jeremy White, and Fengxiang Han. Electrokinetic-enhanced phytoremediation of uranium-contaminated soil using sunflower and Indian mustard. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/37237.

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M.J. McInerney, N. Youssef, T. Fincher, S.K. Maudgalya, M.J. Folmsbee, R. Knapp, and D. Nagle. DEVELOPMENT OF MICROORGANISMS WITH IMPROVED TRANSPORT AND BIOSURFACTANT ACTIVITY FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834168.

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M.J. McInerney, K.E. Duncan, N. Youssef, T. Fincher, S.K. Maudgalya, M.J. Folmsbee, R. Knapp, Randy R. Simpson, N.Ravi, and D. Nagle. Development of Microorganisms with Improved Transport and Biosurfactant Activity for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/860919.

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M.J. McInerney, R.M. Knapp, Jr D.P. Nagle, Kathleen Duncan, N. Youssef, M.J. Folmsbee, and S. Maudgakya. DEVELOPMENT OF MICROORGANISMS WITH IMPROVED TRANSPORT AND BIOSURFACTANT ACTIVITY FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822122.

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Negri, M. Cristina. Microorganisms Associated with Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites and Reservoirs for Microbially Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1118140.

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Weinberg, Zwi G., Richard E. Muck, Nathan Gollop, Gilad Ashbell, Paul J. Weimer, and Limin Kung, Jr. effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on the ruminal ecosystem, fiber digestibility and animal performance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587222.bard.

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The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.
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Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra, and Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.

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Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.
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Wilson, Charles, and Edo Chalutz. Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Citrus and Deciduous Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7603518.bard.

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The objectives of this research were to develop control measures of postharvest diseases of citrus and deciduous fruits by using naturally-occurring, non-antibiotic-producing antagonists; study the mode of action of effective antagonists and optimize their application methods. Several antagonists were found against a variety of diseases of fruits and vegetables. One particularly effective yeast antagonist (US-7) was chosen for more in-depth studies. This antagonist outcompetes rot pathogens at the wound site for nutrients and space; it is better adapted than the pathogen to extreme environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and osmotic changes, and is relatively resistant to common postharvest fungicides. Our data suggests that other modes of action may also be involved. These are induction of host resistance by the antagonists or its products, and direct interaction between the antagonists and the pathogen with the possible involvement of an extracellular material and/or cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the antagonist. However, these interactions were not fully elucidated. The antagonistic activity of US-7 and other biocontrol agents isolated, was enhanced by calcium salts. While the mode of action is not known, the addition of these salts had a significant effect both in laboratory experiments and in large-scale tests. Compatibility of the yeast antagonist with present packinghouse treatments and procedures was determined. An integrated control procedure was developed, utilizing the antagonists together with ultra-low dosages of fungicides and activity-enhancing additives. This cooperative research resulted in numerous publications describing the antagonistic agents. their mode of action and possible commercial application. Patents were developed from this research and a commercial company is pursuing the licensing of these patents and the testing of the procedure on a commercial scale. Our research findings have expanded the potential for using non-antibiotic-producing antagonistic microorganisms in the control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables; thus meeting a critical need to find alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides on food products.
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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