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Midgley, Kayla A., Noëlani van den Berg, and Velushka Swart. "Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection." Microorganisms 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061139.
Oomycetes form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms, of which several hundred organisms are considered among the most devastating plant pathogens—especially members of the genus Phytophthora. Phytophthora spp. have a large repertoire of effectors that aid in eliciting a susceptible response in host plants. What is of increasing interest is the involvement of Phytophthora effectors in regulating programed cell death (PCD)—in particular, the hypersensitive response. There have been numerous functional characterization studies, which demonstrate Phytophthora effectors either inducing or suppressing host cell death, which may play a crucial role in Phytophthora’s ability to regulate their hemi-biotrophic lifestyle. Despite several advances in techniques used to identify and characterize Phytophthora effectors, knowledge is still lacking for some important species, including Phytophthora cinnamomi. This review discusses what the term PCD means and the gap in knowledge between pathogenic and developmental forms of PCD in plants. We also discuss the role cell death plays in the virulence of Phytophthora spp. and the effectors that have so far been identified as playing a role in cell death manipulation. Finally, we touch on the different techniques available to study effector functions, such as cell death induction/suppression.
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Vélez, María Laura, Ludmila La Manna, Manuela Tarabini, Federico Gomez, Matt Elliott, Pete E. Hedley, Peter Cock, and Alina Greslebin. "Phytophthora austrocedri in Argentina and Co-Inhabiting Phytophthoras: Roles of Anthropogenic and Abiotic Factors in Species Distribution and Diversity." Forests 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111223.
This work reports the first survey of Phytophthora diversity in the forests soils of Andean Patagonia. It also discusses the role of anthropogenic impact on Phytophthora distribution inferred from the findings on Phytophthora diversity and on the distribution of Phytophthora austrocedri-diseased forests. Invasive pathogen species threatening ecosystems and human activities contribute to their entry and spread. Information on pathogens already established, and early detection of potential invasive ones, are crucial to disease management and prevention. Phytophthora austrocedri causes the most damaging forest disease in Patagonia, affecting the endemic species Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Sern. and Bizzarri. However, the relationship between anthropogenic impacts and the disease distribution has not been analyzed enough. The aims of this work were: to evaluate Phytophthora diversity in soils of Andean Patagonia using a metabarcoding method, and analyze this information in relation to soil type and land use; to assess the distribution of Austrocedrus disease over time in relation to anthropogenic and abiotic gradients in an area of interest; and to discuss the role of human activities in Phytophthora spread. High throughput Illumina sequencing was used to detect Phytophthora DNA in soil samples. The distribution of Austrocedrus disease over time was assessed by satellite imagery interpretation. Twenty-three Phytophthora species, 12 of which were new records for Argentina, were detected. The most abundant species was P. austrocedri, followed by P. × cambivora, P. ramorum and P. kernoviae. The most frequent was P. × cambivora, followed by P. austrocedri and P. ramorum. Phytophthora richness and abundance, and Austrocedrus disease distribution, were influenced by land use, anthropogenic impact and soil drainage. Results showed several Phytophthoras, including well-known pathogenic species. The threat they could present to Patagonian ecosystems and their relations to human activities are discussed. This study evidenced the need of management measures to control the spread of P. austrocedri and other invasive Phytophthora species in Patagonia.
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Frankel, Susan J., Christa Conforti, Janell Hillman, Mia Ingolia, Alisa Shor, Diana Benner, Janice M. Alexander, Elizabeth Bernhardt, and Tedmund J. Swiecki. "Phytophthora Introductions in Restoration Areas: Responding to Protect California Native Flora from Human-Assisted Pathogen Spread." Forests 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121291.
Over the past several years, plantings of California native plant nursery stock in restoration areas have become recognized as a pathway for invasive species introductions, in particular Phytophthora pathogens, including first in the U.S. detections (Phytophthora tentaculata, Phytophthora quercina), new taxa, new hybrid species, and dozens of other soilborne species. Restoration plantings may be conducted in high-value and limited habitats to sustain or re-establish rare plant populations. Once established, Phytophthora pathogens infest the site and are very difficult to eradicate or manage—they degrade the natural resources the plantings were intended to enhance. To respond to unintended Phytophthora introductions, vegetation ecologists took a variety of measures to prevent pathogen introduction and spread, including treating infested areas by solarization, suspending plantings, switching to direct seeding, applying stringent phytosanitation requirements on contracted nursery stock, and building their own nursery for clean plant production. These individual or collective actions, loosely coordinated by the Phytophthoras in Native Habitats Work Group ensued as demands intensified for protection from the inadvertent purchase of infected plants from commercial native plant nurseries. Regulation and management of the dozens of Phytophthora species and scores of plant hosts present a challenge to the state, county, and federal agriculture officials and to the ornamental and restoration nursery industries. To rebuild confidence in the health of restoration nursery stock and prevent further Phytophthora introductions, a voluntary, statewide accreditation pilot project is underway which, upon completion of validation, is planned for statewide implementation.
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Green, Sarah, David E. L. Cooke, Mike Dunn, Louise Barwell, Bethan Purse, Daniel S. Chapman, Gregory Valatin, et al. "PHYTO-THREATS: Addressing Threats to UK Forests and Woodlands from Phytophthora; Identifying Risks of Spread in Trade and Methods for Mitigation." Forests 12, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121617.
The multidisciplinary ‘Phyto-threats’ project was initiated in 2016 to address the increasing risks to UK forest and woodland ecosystems from trade-disseminated Phytophthora. A major component of this project was to examine the risk of Phytophthora spread through nursery and trade practices. Close to 4000 water and root samples were collected from plant nurseries located across the UK over a three-year period. Approximately half of the samples tested positive for Phytophthora DNA using a metabarcoding approach with 63 Phytophthora species identified across nurseries, including quarantine-regulated pathogens and species not previously reported in the UK. Phytophthora diversity within nurseries was linked to high-risk management practices such as use of open rather than closed water sources. Analyses of global Phytophthora risks identified biological traits and trade pathways that explained global spread and host range, and which may be of value for horizon-scanning. Phytophthoras having a higher oospore wall index and faster growth rates had wider host ranges, whereas cold-tolerant species had broader geographic and latitudinal ranges. Annual workshops revealed how stakeholder and sector ‘appetite’ for nursery accreditation increased over three years, although an exploratory cost-benefit analysis indicated that the predicted benefits of introducing best practice expected by nurseries outweigh their costs only when a wider range of pests and diseases (for example, Xylella) is considered. However, scenario analyses demonstrated the significant potential carbon costs to society from the introduction and spread of a new tree-infecting Phytophthora: Thus, the overall net benefit to society from nurseries adopting best practice could be substantial.
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Ryder, J. M., N. W. Waipara, and B. R. Burns. "What is the host range of Phytophthora agathidicida in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5925.
Phytophthora agathidicida is a virulent oomycete plant pathogen which is currently known to only infect Agathis australis in New Zealand Phytophthora species rarely have a single plant host so other hosts for P agathidicida are likely but unknown Phytophthora species are also often cryptic and sometimes asymptomatic on their host plants making it a challenge to identify their true host range Once an exotic Phytophthora species is introduced to an area it becomes virtually impossible to eliminate A sound understanding of a Phytophthoras epidemiology is needed to prevent its spread onto uninfected hosts This study determined whether P agathidicida has a wider host range than currently recognised Plant community composition was compared between healthy and infected kauri forest to detect possible susceptible species and detached leaf assays were utilised as a further screen of possible hosts Results showed a significant difference in species abundances between sites infected with P agathidicida and sites without P agathidicida that was unrelated to other potential variables Leaf assays also indicated several other native plant species other than A australis as possible carriers or hosts including Knightia excelsa and Leucopogon fasciculatus Identifying the host range of P agathidicida is important for optimising the design of future control strategies for this pathogen
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Erwin, Donald C., J. A. Lucas, R. C. Shattock, D. S. Shaw, and L. R. Cooke. "Phytophthora." Mycologia 84, no. 4 (July 1992): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760340.
McGowan, Jamie, Richard O’Hanlon, Rebecca A. Owens, and David A. Fitzpatrick. "Comparative Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of Three Widespread Phytophthora Species: Phytophthora chlamydospora, Phytophthora gonapodyides and Phytophthora pseudosyringae." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050653.
The Phytophthora genus includes some of the most devastating plant pathogens. Here we report draft genome sequences for three ubiquitous Phytophthora species—Phytophthora chlamydospora, Phytophthora gonapodyides, and Phytophthora pseudosyringae. Phytophthora pseudosyringae is an important forest pathogen that is abundant in Europe and North America. Phytophthora chlamydospora and Ph. gonapodyides are globally widespread species often associated with aquatic habitats. They are both regarded as opportunistic plant pathogens. The three sequenced genomes range in size from 45 Mb to 61 Mb. Similar to other oomycete species, tandem gene duplication appears to have played an important role in the expansion of effector arsenals. Comparative analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) across 44 oomycete genomes indicates that oomycete lifestyles may be linked to CAZyme repertoires. The mitochondrial genome sequence of each species was also determined, and their gene content and genome structure were compared. Using mass spectrometry, we characterised the extracellular proteome of each species and identified large numbers of proteins putatively involved in pathogenicity and osmotrophy. The mycelial proteome of each species was also characterised using mass spectrometry. In total, the expression of approximately 3000 genes per species was validated at the protein level. These genome resources will be valuable for future studies to understand the behaviour of these three widespread Phytophthora species.
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Hansen, E. M., P. W. Reeser, and W. Sutton. "Phytophthora borealis and Phytophthora riparia, new species in Phytophthora ITS Clade 6." Mycologia 104, no. 5 (July 9, 2012): 1133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/11-349.
Mrázková, M., K. Černý, M. Tomšovský, V. Strnadová, B. Gregorová, V. Holub, M. Pánek, L. Havrdová, and M. Hejná. "Occurrence of Phytophthora multivora and Phytophthora plurivora in the Czech Republic." Plant Protection Science 49, No. 4 (October 15, 2013): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/74/2012-pps.
Beginning in 2006, a survey of two related Phytophthora species, P. multivora and P. plurivora, was performed in the Czech Republic. Both pathogens were distributed throughout a broad range of environments including forest and riparian stands and probably became naturalised in the country. The two species differed in their frequency and elevational distribution. P. multivora was less frequent, but commonly occurred in the lowest regions such as Central Bohemia and South Moravia, i.e. areas which generally exhibit a high level of invasion. This species was isolated primarily from Quercus robur and found to be involved in oak decline. Moreover it poses a high risk to other forest trees. P. plurivora was distributed in a broad range of elevations over the entire area. A substrate specificity was detected in P. plurivora – the isolates from forest trees were more aggressive to such trees than the isolates from ericaceous ornamental plants.
Renfrow, Crystal. "Phytophthora in Arizona Citrus." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622384.
Chambers, Susan M. "Phytophthora root rot of chestnut /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc4449.pdf.
Smith, Christine E. "The genetics of Phytophthora infestans." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357832.
Harrison, Brenda Jean. "The genetics of Phytophthora infestans." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278736.
Permanandani, Jagdish Assandas. "Somatic variations in Phytophthora drechsleri." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291879.
Khaliq, Ihsanul. "Range expansion of Phytophthora, particularly Phytophthora cinnamomi into colder environments: adaptation, a changing environment or both?" Thesis, Khaliq, Ihsanul (2019) Range expansion of Phytophthora, particularly Phytophthora cinnamomi into colder environments: adaptation, a changing environment or both? PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/43119/.
Alpine and sub-alpine regions were long considered free of Phytophthora species, especially Phytophthora cinnamomi due to restrictions on their growth from low temperatures. However, P. cinnamomi was isolated from a sub-alpine area ‘Barrington Tops National Park’ in the 1990s. Subsequent Australia wide surveys detected 68 Phytophthora species in Australia. Of these, 33 Phytophthora species, including P. cinnamomi, were detected in the alpine and sub-alpine areas on Kosciuszko National Park (KNP) alone. This suggested that Phytophthora species had adapted to cold environments. This project investigated the ability of Phytophthora species to produce infective propagules (zoospores) and cause disease at increasingly lower temperatures. Phytophthora cinnamomi was selected as a ‘test’ species due to its national and international significance. Initially, preliminary surveys were conducted in the sub-alpine and alpine areas of KNP and Tasmania to obtain living Phytophthora isolates. The lower temperature limit for growth and sporulation of Mediterranean (one isolate was from a sub-alpine area) P. cinnamomi isolates was determined and phenotypic plasticity experiments were established in an attempt to ‘train’ them to produce infective propagules and cause disease at increasingly lower temperatures. Finally, the distribution patterns of Phytophthora and vascular plants species in relation to disturbance and elevation were determined across elevation gradients in KNP. Preliminary surveys resulted in the isolation of eight Phytophthora species, including two new species that were formally described. Phytophthora cinnamomi was shown to produce infective propagules at temperatures lower (7.5 °C) than originally established (10 °C), and in a shorter time compared to original isolates when ‘trained’ under cold conditions. This suggests that P. cinnamomi responds rapidly to selection pressure and adapts to new environments. Although P. cinnamomi produced infective propagules at 7.5 °C, the pathogen could not be isolated from plants grown at 7.5 °C after three months. Therefore, more work is required to establish disease development at 7.5 °C and below. Results of surveys along elevation gradients showed Phytophthora and vascular plant species exhibited a linearly monotonic decline with increasing elevation on roads, but not in native vegetation. However, the elevation range of Phytophthora species was higher than vascular plants on both roads and in native vegetation. Phytophthora species did not show any habitat preference and exhibited similar composition and frequency on roads and in native vegetation; vascular plants showed the opposite trend with greater frequency in native vegetation. This suggests that Phytophthora richness at the plot level mimics that of vascular plants. A changing climate may permit invasion by other Phytophthora species not yet present.
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McCarren, Kathryn. "Saprophytic ability and the contribution of chlamydospores and oospores to the survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi." Thesis, McCarren, Kathryn (2006) Saprophytic ability and the contribution of chlamydospores and oospores to the survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/190/.
Phytophthora cinnamomi has been recognised as a key threatening process to Australia's biodiversity by the Commonwealth's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Despite over 80 years of extensive research, its exact mode of survival is still poorly understood. It is widely accepted that thin- and thick-walled chlamydospores are the main survival propagules while oospores are assumed to play no role in the survival of the pathogen in the Australian environment, yet evidence is limited. The saprophytic ability of the pathogen is still unresolved despite the important role this could play in the ability of the pathogen to survive in the absence of susceptible hosts. This thesis aimed to investigate chlamydospores, oospores and the saprophytic ability of P. cinnamomi to determine their contribution to survival.
Phytophthora cinnamomi did not show saprophytic ability in non-sterile soils. The production of thick-walled chlamydospores and selfed oospores of P. cinnamomi in vitro was documented. Thick-walled chlamydospores were sporadically formed under sterile and non-sterile conditions in vitro but exact conditions for stimulating their formation could not be determined. The formation of thick-walled chlamydospores emerging from mycelium of similar wall thickness was observed, challenging the current knowledge of chlamydospore formation.
Selfed oospores were abundant in vitro on modified Ribeiro's minimal medium in one isolate. Three other isolates tested also produced oospores but not in large numbers. Although the selfed oospores did not germinate on a range of media, at least 16 % were found to be viable using Thiozolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide staining and staining of the nuclei with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.2HCl (DAPI). This indicated the potential of selfed oospores as survival structures and their ability to exist dormantly.
The ability of phosphite to kill chlamydospores and selfed oospores was studied in vitro. Results challenged the efficacy of this chemical and revealed the necessity for further study of its effect on survival propagules of P. cinnamomi in the natural environment. Phosphite was shown to induce dormancy in thin-walled chlamydospores if present during their formation in vitro. Interestingly, dormancy was only induced by phosphite in isolates previously reported as sensitive to phosphite and not those reported as tolerant.
Chlamydospores were produced uniformly across the radius of the colony on control modified Ribeiro's minimal medium but on medium containing phosphite (40 or 100 mcg ml-1), chlamydospore production was initially inhibited before being stimulated during the log phase of growth. This corresponded to a point in the colony morphology where mycelial density changed from tightly packed mycelium to sparse on medium containing phosphite. This change in morphology did not occur when the pathogen was grown on liquid media refreshed every four days, and chlamydospores were evenly distributed across the radius of these colonies. This trend was not observed in selfed oospores produced in the presence of phosphite. Selfed oospore production was found to be inhibited by phosphite at the same concentrations that stimulated chlamydospore production.
Isolates of P. cinnamomi were transformed using a protoplast/ polyethylene glycol method to contain the Green Fluorescent Protein and geneticin resistance genes to aid in future studies on survival properties of the organism. Although time constraints meant the stability of the transgene could not be determined, it was effective in differentiating propagules of the transformed P. cinnamomi from spores of other microrganisms in a non-sterile environment. Two different sized chlamydospores (approximately 30 mcg diameter and < 20 mcg diameter) were observed in preliminary trials of transformed P. cinnamomi inoculated lupin roots floated in non-sterile soil extracts and these were easily distinguished from microbial propagules of other species. The growth and pathogenicity was reduced in two putative transformants and their ability to fluoresce declined over ten subcultures but they still remained resistant to geneticin.
This study has improved our knowledge on the survival abilities of P. cinnamomi in vitro and has provided a useful tool for studying these abilities under more natural glasshouse conditions. Important implications of phosphite as a control have been raised.
United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Phytophthora ramorum: Stopping the spread. [United States]: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2005.
N, Gibbs J., Dijk C. van, Webber Joan F, Great Britain Forest Research, and Great Britain Forestry Commission, eds. Phytophthora disease of alder in Europe. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission, 2003.
Carstairs, S. A. Rapi d identification of species of Phytophthora: Results of research carried out as MERIWA Project Nos. M227 and M254 in the Department of Conservation and Land Management. East Perth, WA: Distributed by MERIWA, 1996.
Kröber, Heinz. Erfahrungen mit Phytophthora de Bary und Pythium Pringsheim =: Experiences with Phytophthora de Bary and Pythium Pringsheim. Berlin: P. Parey, 1985.
Chen, Xiaoren, and Yuanchao Wang. "Phytophthora sojae." In Biological Invasions and Its Management in China, 199–223. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3427-5_15.
Everhart, Sydney E., Javier F. Tabima, and Niklaus J. Grünwald. "Phytophthora ramorum." In Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi and Oomycetes: Dicot Pathogens, 159–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44056-8_8.
Judelson, Howard S. "Phytophthora infestans." In Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi and Oomycetes: Dicot Pathogens, 175–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44056-8_9.
Anandaraj, M., and P. Umadevi. "Plant–Phytophthora Interaction Proteomics." In Plant Biotic Interactions, 21–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26657-8_2.
Lamour, Kurt, Jian Hu, Véronique Lefebvre, Joann Mudge, Andrew Howden, and Edgar Huitema. "Illuminating the Phytophthora capsici Genome." In Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi and Oomycetes: Dicot Pathogens, 121–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44056-8_6.
Athow, Kirk L. "Phytophthora Root Rot of Soybean." In World Soybean Research Conference III: Proceedings, 575–81. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429267932-98.
"Phytophthora." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1495. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_12838.
Scanu, Bruno, Andrea Vannini, Antonio Franceschini, Anna Maria Vettraino, Beatrice Ginetti, and Salvatore Moricca. "Phytophthora spp. in Mediterranean forests." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-bs-phi.
"The impact of Phytophthora ramorum on Canada." In Sudden Oak Death Online Symposium. The American Phytopathological Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/sod-2003-ea.
Alin, Carabet, Manea Dan, Gheorghescu Bogdan, Ioana Grozea, and Stef Ramona. "APPROACHING THE PHYTHOPHTORA INFESTANS PATHOGEN IN POTATO CULTURE BY BIOLOGICAL MEANS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.04.
In the current context, in which the European Union, through various projects, requires the reduction of the consumption of pesticides it is necessary to investigate some different products to control the Phytophthora infestans potato blight, biological ones, that have the role of improving the structure and health of the soil, avoiding contamination of it but also of groundwater with synthetic active substances. Potato production is diminished by the presence of weeds, pathogens and pests. One of the most important phytopathogenic agents is Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) deBary, which produces the disease called mange, an important disease that occurs in all areas where potatoes are grown causing economic losses up to 50%. In general, disease management of this pathogen by biological means is a difficult task, especially when the level of disease pressure is high, together with favorable environmental conditions. The study was performed, in Belint area, Timis county, under the climatic conditions of the year 2022. The test product used in study protocol were Fitocid, Fitohelp, Mycohelp, Viridin and Taegro in various rate of application and an untreated check was also included. The assessments were performed at 3, 7, 14 DAT, assessing the effectiveness of the products in respect of the frequency and intensity of the attack. All five bioproducts reduced the severity of the pathogen compared to the untreated control, the antagonism shown by the Fitocid and Fitohelp products against the fungus Phytophthora infestans was maximum seven days after application.
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Snieškienė, Vilija, and Antanina Stankevičienė. "Phytophthora genus pathogens isolated from rhododendrons in Lithuania." In Research for Rural Development, 2018. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.24.2018.022.
Daan Goense and John Thelen. "Wireless Sensor Networks for Precise Phytophthora Decision Support." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.19845.
Dorrance, Anne E. "Management of Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot of Soybeans." In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-933.
Yang, X. B. "Recent Studies on Management of Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot." In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-693.
Montesino, Rannoverng Yanac, Jimmy Aurelio Rosales-Huamani, and Jose Luis Castillo-Sequera. "Detection of phytophthora palmivora in cocoa fruit with deep learning." In 2021 16th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti52073.2021.9476279.
Lopez-Nicora, Horacio, Dylan Mangel, Austin McCoy, Richard W. Webster, Alison Robertson, Martin Chilvers, Albert Tenuta, Daren Mueller, and Kiersten Wise. An Overview of Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot. United States: Crop Protection Network, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20240503-0.
Stewart, Silvina Maria, and Alison E. Robertson. Pathotype Structure of Phytophthora sojae with Cultivar Rotation in Soybeans. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2778.
Kliejunas, John T. Sudden oak death and Phytophthora ramorum: a summary of the literature. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-234.
Seeland, T. M., M. E. Ostry, R. Venette, and J. Juzwik. An annotated bibliography of invasive tree pathogens Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, Phytophthora alni, and Phytophthora quercina and a regulatory policy and management practices for invasive species. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-270.
Moreno Mendoza, José Dílmer, María del Socorro Cerón Lasso, Germán David Sánchez León, Ingrid Marcela Preciado Monguí, and John Alexánder Martínez Morales. AGROSAVIA Mary variedad mejorada de papa para hojuelas y consumo en fresco. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.plegable.2019.1.
AGROSAVIA Mary es una variedad de papa de Colombia para el consumo en fresco y el procesamiento en hojuelas y bastones, que presenta tolerancia estable a la enfermedad de la gota Phytophthora infestans. En este plegable se encuentran los detalles de sus características (de planta y agronómicas y las recomendaciones para el manejo de la variedad.
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Moreno Mendoza, José Dílmer, María del Socorro Cerón Lasso, Germán David Sánchez León, Ingrid Marcela Preciado Monguí, and John Alexánder Martínez Morales. AGROSAVIA Mary variedad mejorada de papa para hojuelas y consumo en fresco. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.plegable.2019.6.
AGROSAVIA Mary es una variedad de papa de Colombia para el consumo en fresco y el procesamiento en hojuelas y bastones, que presenta tolerancia estable a la enfermedad de la gota Phytophthora infestans. En este plegable se encuentran los detalles de sus características (de planta y agronómicas y las recomendaciones para el manejo de la variedad.
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Kessel, Geert, Corina Topper, Bert Evenhuis, and Jack Vossen. Visuele boordeling vitaliteit Phytophthora infestans bladvlekken : betrouwbaarheid van visuele levend/dood beoordelingen van bladaantasting in aardappel. Bleiswijk: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business unit BioInteracties en Plantgezondheid, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/470402.
Katan, Jaacov, and Michael E. Stanghellini. Clinical (Major) and Subclinical (Minor) Root-Infecting Pathogens in Plant Growth Substrates, and Integrated Strategies for their Control. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568089.bard.
In intensive agriculture, harmful soilborne biotic agents, cause severe damage. These include both typical soilborne (clinical) major pathogens which destroy plants (e.g. Fusarium and Phytophthora pathogens), and subclinical ("minor") pathogens (e.g. Olpidium and Pythium). The latter cause growth retardation and yield decline. The objectives of this study were: (1) To study the behavior of clinical (major) and subclinical (minor) pathogens in plant growth substrate, with emphasis on zoosporic fungi, such as Pythium, Olipidium and Polymyxa. (2) To study the interaction between subclinical pathogens and plants, and those aspects of Pythium biology which are relevant to these systems. (3) To adopt a holistic-integrated approach for control that includes both eradicative and protective measures, based on a knowledge of the pathogens' biology. Zoospores were demonstrated as the primary, if not the sole propagule, responsible for pathogen spread in a recirculating hydroponic cultural system, as verified with P. aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici. P. aphanidermatum, in contrast to Phytophthora capsici, can also spread by hyphae from plant-to-plant. Synthetic surfactants, when added to the recirculating nutrient solutions provided 100% control of root rot of peppers by these fungi without any detrimental effects on plant growth or yield. A bacterium which produced a biosurfactant was proved as efficacious as synthetic surfactants in the control of zoosporic plant pathogens in the recirculating hydroponic cultural system. The biosurfactant was identified as a rhamnolipid. Olpidium and Polymyxa are widespread and were determined as subclinical pathogens since they cause growth retardation but no plant mortality. Pythium can induce both phenomena and is an occasional subclinical pathogen. Physiological and ultrastructural studies of the interaction between Olpidium and melon plants showed that this pathogen is not destructive but affects root hairs, respiration and plant nutrition. The infected roots constitute an amplified sink competing with the shoots and eventually leading to growth retardation. Space solarization, by solar heating of the greenhouse, is effective in the sanitation of the greenhouse from residual inoculum and should be used as a component in disease management, along with other strategies.
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Santa Sepúlveda, Juan David, Liliana Cely Pardo, and Nancy Barreto Triana. Genotipos F1 de papa (andígenas x cultivares) en proceso de selección por resistencia a Phytophthora infestans y Tecia solanivora. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.9.
Las pérdidas generadas por el patógeno Phytophthora infestans y por la polilla guatemalteca de la papa Tecia solanivora, son significativas en la producción de papa en Colombia, sin embargo aún no se tiene un cultivar con características de resistencia conjunta a estos dos problemas. Actualmente el mejoramiento de papa utiliza las fuentes genéticas de mayor potencial para generar impacto como son cultivares adoptados (progenitores recurrentes) y genotipos nativos (progenitores donantes) como reservorio de genes de resistencia genética cuantitativa a plagas y enfermedades
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Santa Sepúlveda, Juan David, Jhon Berdugo Cely, Mauricio Soto Suárez, Teresa Mosquera, and Carlos Galeano. A genetic linkage map of tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for Phytophthora infestans and Tecia solanivora quantitative resistance. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.28.
Los avances en la selección asistida de selección molecular y marcadores han sido limitados debido a a los problemas de alta heterocigosis y ploidía en el grupo de papa Andigenum (adg). Recientemente, Se han desarrollado mapas basados ??en SNP de alta densidad para papa diploide y tetraploide. Además, los modelos estadísticos que incluyen la dosificación alélica, están mejorando la vinculación mapeo y análisis de QTL en papa autotetraploide (Hackett et al., 2014). Estos enfoques han facilitado el análisis de QTL de rasgos agronómicos como resistencia a P. infestans (Massa et al., 2015). La producción de papa en Colombia está afectada por el tizón tardío (P. infestans) y guatemalteco la polilla del tubérculo de la papa (T. solanivora) provoca pérdidas de hasta el 100% en el campo y el almacenamiento. Por lo tanto, en para comprender los factores genéticos que subyacen a la resistencia a P. infestans y T. solanivora, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es construir un mapa genético de alta saturación de SNP población tetraploide que se utilizará para mapear la resistencia QTL.
