Journal articles: 'Phytonutrient'

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Murphy, Mary M., Leila M. Barraj, Judith H. Spungen, Dena R. Herman, and R. Keith Randolph. "Global assessment of select phytonutrient intakes by level of fruit and vegetable consumption." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 6 (August 11, 2014): 1004–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514001937.

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Despite dietary recommendations that have repeatedly underscored the importance of increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, intakes worldwide are lower than recommended levels. Consequently, the diets of many individuals may be lacking in nutrients and phytonutrients typical of a diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we estimated phytonutrient intakes by adults categorised by sex, level of fruit and vegetable consumption ( < 5v.≥ 5 servings/d), and geographic diet cluster. Intakes of nine select phytonutrients were estimated from the 2002–4 World Health Survey fruit and vegetable servings intake data (n198 637), the FAO supply utilisation accounts data, and phytonutrient concentration data obtained from the US Department of Agriculture databases and the published literature. Percentage contributions to each phytonutrient intake from fruit and vegetable sources were also estimated. Estimated intakes of phytonutrients from fruits and vegetables varied across the thirteen geographic diet clusters, reflecting regional differences in both numbers and proportions of fruit and vegetable servings consumed, and the specific types of fruits and vegetables available in the diet. The mean phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming ≥ 5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables were approximately 2- to 6-fold the mean phytonutrient intakes by adults with low fruit and vegetable consumption ( < 5 servings/d). In some cases, phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming ≥ 5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables in one geographic diet cluster were lower than the intakes by adults reporting < 5 servings/d in another cluster. The findings from this assessment provide important information regarding the major dietary patterns of phytonutrient intakes across geographic diet clusters.

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Orgeron II, Ryan, Janet Pope, Vicky Green, and Dawn Erickson. "Phytonutrient intake and body composition: Considering colors." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v9i2.583.

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Background: Being overweight or obese is one of the most harmful risk factors to the health of a population. The cause of obesity is complex and multifactorial, but the primary cause is a nutrient poor diet. Despite excess intake of calories, obese individuals commonly have a lack of phytonutrients. Phytonutrients such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins have all been shown to have anti-obesity effects. National data shows that states in with the lowest intakes of fruit and vegetable intake also have higher obesity rates. The data available depicts that a low fruit and vegetable intake, thus low phytonutrient intake, is correlated with excess adiposity.Methods: Fifty subjects from Thibodaux, Louisiana were randomly selected to participate. Three 24-hour food recalls were used to calculate phytonutrient content of the diets using the phytonutrient index. A food frequency questionnaire was also administered to determine intake of specific phytonutrients (carotenoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids). Body adiposity was measured using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and fat percentage. Pearson correlation was used to assess correlations between phytonutrient index and body adiposity measures. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc tests was used to determine differences in PI and phytonutrient intakes among the BMI, waist circumference and percent body fat groups.Results: Participants who met healthy standards for BMI, waist circumference, and fat percentage all averaged much higher PI scores compared to those classified as obese/overweight. The data showed a strong inverse relationship between PI and BMI (r = -0.753, p = 0.00), waist circumference (r = -0.730, p = 0.00), and body fat percentage (r = -0.701, p = 0.00). Higher weekly intakes of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin rich foods had better body composition in comparison to those who consumed less (p<0.05).Conclusion: Results suggest a strong correlation between higher phytonutrient intake and improved body composition. Overall diet quality seems to make the most difference, but phytonutrients are thought to be a key reason for those benefits

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Kang, Seunghee, Yeni Lim, You Jin Kim, Eun Sung Jung, Dong Ho Suh, Choong Hwan Lee, Eunmi Park, et al. "Multivitamin and Mineral Supplementation Containing Phytonutrients Scavenges Reactive Oxygen Species in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010101.

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Phytonutrients and vitamin and mineral supplementation have been reported to provide increased antioxidant capacity in humans; however, there is still controversy. In the current clinical trial, we examined the antioxidant and DNA protection capacity of a plant-based, multi-vitamin/mineral, and phytonutrient (PMP) supplementation in healthy adults who were habitually low in the consumption of fruits and vegetables. This study was an eight-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, and placebo-controlled trial. PMP supplementation for eight weeks reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented DNA damage without altering endogenous antioxidant system. Plasma vitamins and phytonutrients were significantly correlated with ROS scavenging and DNA damage. In addition, gene expression analysis in PBMC showed subtle changes in superoxide metabolic processes. In this study, we showed that supplementation with a PMP significantly improved ROS scavenging activity and prevented DNA damage. However, additional research is still needed to further identify mechanisms of actions and the role of circulating phytonutrient metabolites.

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Bhandari, Shiva Ram, Bo-Deul Jung, Hum-Young Baek, and Young-Sang Lee. "Ripening-dependent Changes in Phytonutrients and Antioxidant Activity of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Cultivated under Open-field Conditions." HortScience 48, no. 10 (October 2013): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.10.1275.

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To understand ripening-dependent changes in phytonutrients, five commercial cultivars of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in an open field in Taean, South Korea, were selected and their fruits were harvested at green mature (GM), intermediate breaker (BR), and red ripe (RR) stages and their phytonutrient contents and antioxidant activities were compared. Three major patterns in relation to ripening progress were observed. First, continuous increases were observed in vitamin C, total phenol, vitamin E (especially α-tocopherol), total free sugar, β-carotene, linolenic acid content, and antioxidant activity. Second, decreasing patterns were observed in phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol) and linoleic acid. Third, total flavonoid and squalene contents were relatively higher at the BR stage compared with the GM and RR stages. These results indicate that each phytonutrient has a unique pattern of accumulation and degradation during the fruit-maturing process. Unlike the mentioned phytonutrients, which showed similar patterns in all tested cultivars, capsaicinoids exhibited quite different patterns of ripening-dependent changes among the cultivars. Throughout the ripening processes, positive correlations with antioxidant activity were observed in vitamin E (r = 0.814**), β-carotene (r = 0.772*), vitamin C (r = 0.610**), and total phenol (r = 0.595**) contents, whereas capsaicinoids, total flavonoid, and phytosterols exhibited no or slightly negative correlations. In conclusion, the ripening of red pepper fruits is accompanied by continuous increments in various phytonutrients and subsequent antioxidant activity.

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Dhillon, Narinder P. S., Chung-Cheng Lin, Zhanyong Sun, Peter M. Hanson, Dolores R. Ledesma, Sandra D. Habicht, and Ray-Yu Yang. "Varietal and harvesting stage variation in the content of carotenoids, ascorbic acid and tocopherols in the fruit of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Plant Genetic Resources 15, no. 3 (January 15, 2016): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147926211500057x.

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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is an important market vegetable in the tropics. The objectives of this study were to (1) conduct a preliminary evaluation of genetic diversity in bitter gourd flesh (without seeds) for phytonutrient (carotenoid, ascorbic acid and tocopherol) contents with the aim to understand which phytonutrients might be increased through breeding, (2) assess the association between fruit traits and phytonutrient contents and (3) evaluate the effect of the fruit harvest stage on phytonutrient contents. A total of 17 diverse bitter gourd entries of various commercial market types were evaluated for fruit traits and phytonutrient contents for 2 years. Significant differences (P= 0.05) among the entries were detected for total carotenoids, total tocopherols, dry matter and fruit traits. Mean total carotenoid contents of the entries ranged from 10 to 1335 μg/100 g fresh weight in year 1 and 10 to 1185 μg/100 g fresh weight in year 2. Mean ascorbic acid contents were 69 and 61 mg/100 g fresh weight in year 1 and year 2, respectively. Total tocopherol contents among the entries ranged from 480 to 1345 and 445 to 2145 μg/100 g fresh weight in year 1 and year 2, respectively. Total carotenoid and ascorbic acid contents were highest at 12 days after fruit set (DAFS), but total tocopherol contents were highest from 14 to 20 DAFS. A 100 g portion of bitter gourd fruit can meet 190, 17 and 8% of the recommended daily allowances of vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A, respectively, for adults.

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Palanivel, Reka, Thahira Banu Azeez, and Seethalakshmi Muthaya. "Nutrient Content, Phytonutrient Composition, Alpha Amylase, Alpha Glucosidase Inhibition Activity and Antioxidant Activity of the Stoechospermum Marginatum Collected in Pre Monsoon Season." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (March 30, 2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i3.275-280.966.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the nutrient content, phytonutrient composition, physicochemical properties, alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity and antioxidant activity of the brown algae Stoechospermum marginatum collected from Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India in pre monsoon season (June- September, 2015). Six and eight hours of ethanol and aqueous extract of Stoechospermum marginatum were used for phytonutrient screening, alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase inhibition activity and antioxidant activity. From the results of the study it is understood that Stoechospermum marginatum contain a high amount of carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber and phytonutrients like tannin, flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, terpenoids, steroid and total phenolic content. The physicochemical properties namely Water absorption and Swelling power were very promising. Alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity was recorded to be high in both aqueous and ethanol extracts of eight hour extraction than in extracts taken from six hours extraction. Antioxidant activity was detected using DPPH, FRAP, beta carotene scavenging and H2O2 assay and found to have a high radical scavenging activity. Stoechospermum marginatum possess a valuable amount of total phenolic content and other phytonutrients and physicochemical properties, it may the reason for the potential inhibition of alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase and antioxidant activity. It is concluded from the study that the brown algae may be incorporated into foods to enhance their nutritional and therapeutic value.

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Agyemang Duah, Stella, Clarice Silva e. Souza, Zsuzsa Nagy, Zoltán Pék, András Neményi, Hussein G. Daood, Szergej Vinogradov, and Lajos Helyes. "Effect of Water Supply on Physiological Response and Phytonutrient Composition of Chili Peppers." Water 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091284.

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Water supply is a primary contributor to the growth and phytonutrient composition in chili peppers. Several physiological stress factors can influence phytonutrients in chili peppers, resulting in their differential synthesis. Maintaining the right and exact amount of water through a drip system can promote an effective fruit set and crop quality. Four pepper cultivars (‘Hetényi Parázs’; HET, ‘Unikal’; UNIK, ‘Unijol’; UNIJ and ‘Habanero’; HAB) were investigated under different water supply treatments: RF or rain-fed, DI or deficit irrigation, and OWS or optimum water supply. The two-year experiment was carried out in May 2018 and 2019 under open field conditions. Physiological parameters (relative chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and canopy temperature) were measured during the growth stage and phytonutrients (vitamin C, capsaicinoids and carotenoids) analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at harvest in September. The study revealed that, due to higher precipitation and rainfall interruption, increased water supply affected physiological response and phytonutrients in the cultivars. HAB under OWS had a lower response during the growth period when compared to HET, UNIK, and UNIJ. As water supply increased, measured individual carotenoid concentration increased in some cultivars. On the other hand, as water supply decreased, vitamin C and capsaicinoids concentration increased. Even though cultivars responded to the water supply treatments differently, HET exhibited a more uniform and stable composition in all treatments.

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Kim, Moo Jung, Yu-Chun Chiu, and Kang-Mo Ku. "Glucosinolates, Carotenoids, and Vitamins E and K Variation from Selected Kale and Collard Cultivars." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5123572.

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Glucosinolates, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins E and K contents were analyzed from various kale and collard cultivars at mature stage. We found a significant difference in these phytonutrients among cultivars. Among kale cultivars, “Beira” and “Olympic Red” were the highest in the total glucosinolate and “Toscano” kale was the highest in total carotenoid content. “Scarlet” kale was highest in tocopherols. For collard, total glucosinolate was the highest in “Top Bunch” while carotenoids were the highest in “Green Glaze.” An accession PI261597 was the highest in phylloquinone. In addition to the total content of each phytonutrient class, their composition differed among cultivars, indicating that each cultivar may have differential regulatory mechanisms for biosynthesis of these phytonutrients. Our result indicates that cultivar selection may play an important role in consumption of kale and collard with greater nutritional benefit. Therefore, the result of this study will provide a more thorough profile of essential and nonessential phytonutrients of kale and collard cultivars for consumers’ choice and for future research on nutritional value of these crops.

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Venugopal, V., B. deenadayalan, S. Poonguzhali, and K. Maheshkumar. "Potential Role of Functional Foods in the Management of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant." Open Health 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openhe-2022-0025.

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Abstract Omicron is a more contagious variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19). Dietary management of COVID-19 with functional foods plays a significant role in reducing cytokine storm and the viral replication and survival. A thorough literature search was performed in electronic databases such as PubMed and EMBASE using the keywords Coronavirus, COVID-19, Omicron, functional foods, and phytonutrient. In total, 77 research articles were identified; of those, 10 papers were included after title, abstract and full text review. Most commonly used phytonutrients for the management of COVID-19 include bromelain, curcumin, quercetin, gingerol and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). These phytonutrients possessed anti-inflammatory properties, and were effective in targeting the spike proteins and docking sites of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby preventing viral replication and survival. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published review indicating the significance of functional foods in reducing the severity of the Omicron variant.

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Udikala, Mownica, Yashodhara Verma, Sushma Sushma, and Sapna Lal. "Phytonutrient and Pharmacological Significance of Moringa oleifera." International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (September 2017): 1387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.5.21.

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Luoh, J. W., A. Sheu, W. J. Wu, and R. Y. Yang. "Phytonutrient values of Moringa oleifera leaves." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1158 (April 2017): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1158.38.

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Brown, C. R. "Breeding for Phytonutrient Enhancement of Potato." American Journal of Potato Research 85, no. 4 (May 21, 2008): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9028-0.

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Tennant, David R., Julia Davidson, and Andrea J. Day. "Phytonutrient intakes in relation to European fruit and vegetable consumption patterns observed in different food surveys." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 7 (August 11, 2014): 1214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514001950.

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Fruit and vegetables make an important contribution to health, partly due to the composition of phytonutrients, such as carotenoids and polyphenols. The aim of the present study was to quantify the intake of fruit and vegetables across different European countries using food consumption data of increasing complexity: food balance sheets (FBS); the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Comprehensive Database; individual food consumption data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Across Europe, the average consumption of fruit and vegetables ranged from 192 to 824 g/d (FBS data). Based on EFSA data, nine out of fourteen countries consumed < 400 g/d (recommended by the WHO), although even in the highest-consuming countries such as Spain, 36 % did not reach the target intake. In the UK, the average consumption of fruit and vegetables was 310 g/d (NDNS data). Generally, phytonutrient intake increased in accordance with fruit and vegetable intake across all European countries with the exception of lycopene (from tomatoes), which appeared to be higher in some countries that consumed less fruit and vegetables. There were little differences in the average intake of flavanols, flavonols and lycopene in those who did or did not meet the 400 g/d recommendation in the UK. However, average intakes of carotenoid, flavanone, anthocyanidin and ellagic acid were higher in those who consumed >400 g/d of fruit and vegetables compared with those who did not. Overall, intakes of phytonutrients are highly variable, suggesting that while some individuals obtain healthful amounts, there may be others who do not gain all the potential benefits associated with phytonutrients in the diet.

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Sukhanova, E. V., L. V. Sycheva, O. Yu Yunusova, N. A. Morozkov, and S. F. Sukhanova. "The biochemical status of heifers when consuming a phytonutrients based on hungarian sainfoin." BIO Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213605010.

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Experimental data were obtained on the effect of feeding a phytonutrient based on Hungarian sainfoin on the biochemical, hematological parameters of blood, on the natural resistance and dynamics of the live weight of heifers. As a result of feeding the phytonutrient based on Hungarian sainfoin, the blood parameters of heifers of the experimental groups were higher than those of the control group. There was also a better development of the heifers of the experimental groups compared to the control group.

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Purnama, Kartika Okta, Dwi Setyaningsih, Erliza Hambali, and Darmono Taniwiryono. "Processing, Characteristics, and Potential Application of Red Palm Oil - A review." International Journal of Oil Palm 3, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v3i2.47.

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Crude palm oil (CPO) is produced from the extraction process of palm fruit pulp. Palm oil contains essential components in the form of triglycerides, mostly as fatty acids, namely palmitic acid, oleic, and linoleic. However, palm oil also contains minor phytonutrients, such as carotene, tocopherol, and tocotrienol. Palm oil has been widely used in the food and non-food industries. As a raw material in various products, palm oil undergoes a refinery process to remove unlike free fatty acids (FFA), odors, and colors (reddish to bright yellow). In this process, phytonutrients are degraded and damaged so that the content becomes very low. Phytonutrients in the CPO has not been fully utilized their benefits for human health. One of the palm oil products that contain high phytonutrient compounds is red palm oil. There are two types of red palm oil, namely virgin red palm oil (VRPO) and red palm oil derived from CPO (RPO). VRPO is produced from direct extraction of oil palm fruit, while RPO is produced from the neutralization of CPO and deodorization at low temperatures to reduce FFA levels. Both of these products contain high phytonutrients, such as carotene, tocopherol, and tocotrienol. This paper reviews several studies on the processing, characteristics, and potential use of red palm oil in food and non-food products. The application of red palm oil in margarine as a specific food product has the potential to be further studied.

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Veprik, Anna, Marina Khanin, Karin Linnewiel-Hermoni, Michael Danilenko, Joseph Levy, and Yoav Sharoni. "Polyphenols, isothiocyanates, and carotenoid derivatives enhance estrogenic activity in bone cells but inhibit it in breast cancer cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 303, no. 7 (October 1, 2012): E815—E824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00142.2011.

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While exposure to estrogens is a major risk factor of breast and endometrial cancer, it well established that estrogens are beneficial for bone health. We have previously shown that carotenoids inhibit estrogen signaling in breast and endometrial cancer cells. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of various phytonutrients, (carotenoid derivatives, polyphenols, isothiocyanates) on estrogenic activity in breast cancer cells and osteoblast-like cells. All the tested phytonutrients inhibited estrogen response element (ERE) transactivation in breast cancer cells. In contrast, these compounds either did not affect or enhanced ERE activity and the expression of several bone-forming genes. These results were obtained using two osteoblast-like cell lines, MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells stably transfected with estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and MC3T3-E1 mouse calvaria-derived cells expressing endogenous ER. Phytonutrients-induced ERE inhibition in breast cancer cells, and its potentiation in osteoblast-like cells were associated both with a decrease and a rise in total and nuclear ERα levels, respectively. Phytonutrients activated the electrophile/antioxidant response element (EpRE/ARE) transcription system to various extents in both cancer and bone cell lines. Overexpression of Nrf2, the major EpRE/ARE activating transcription factor, mimicked the effects of phytonutrients, causing inhibition and enhancement of ERE transactivation in breast cancer cells and in osteoblast-like cells, respectively. Moreover, reduction in Nrf2 levels by RNAi led to a decrease in the phytonutrient potentiation of ERE activity transactivation in osteoblast-like cells. These findings suggest that the enhancement and inhibition of estrogen signaling by phytonutrients in bone-derived cells and breast cancer cells, respectively, is partially mediated by the activation of the Nrf2/ARE system.

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Feher, Milan, Peter Fauszt, Emese Tolnai, Gabor Fidler, Georgina Pesti-Asboth, Aniko Stagel, Istvan Szucs, et al. "Effects of phytonutrient-supplemented diets on the intestinal microbiota of Cyprinus carpio." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0248537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248537.

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In the aquaculture sector, a strategy for the more efficient use of resources and proper disease control is needed to overcome the challenges of meat production worldwide. Modulation of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota is a promising approach for promoting animal health and preventing infection. This feeding experiment was conducted to discover the phytonutrient-induced changes in the gastrointestinal tract microbiota of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Acclimatized animals aged 7 months (30 weeks) were divided randomly into five experimental groups to investigate the effects of the applied feed additives. The dietary supplements were manufactured from anthocyanin-containing processing wastes from the food industry, specifically the production of Hungarian sour cherry extract, synbiotics from fermented corn, and fermentable oligosaccharides from Hungarian sweet red pepper seeds and carotenoids from Hungarian sweet red pepper pulps, applied at a dose of 1%. The gut contents of the animals were collected at four time points throughout the 6-week study period. To track the compositional and diversity changes in the microbiota of the carp intestinal tract, V3-V4 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing was performed. The growth performance of common carp juveniles was not significantly affected by supplementation of the basal diet with plant extracts. Phytonutrients improve the community diversity, increase the Clostridium and Lactobacillus abundances and decrease the abundances of potentially pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, such as Shewanella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas. The phyla Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Chlamydiae were positively correlated with the body weight, whereas Spirochaetes and Firmicutes exhibited negatively correlations with the body weight. We hypothesize that the application of phytonutrients in aquaculture settings might be a reasonable green approach for easing the usage of antibiotics.

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Pavlović, Nenad, Milan Zdravković, Jelena Mladenović, Ratibor Štrbanović, and Jasmina Zdravković. "Analysis of fresh and processed carrots and beets from organic and conventional production for the content of nutrients and antioxidant activity." Acta agriculturae Serbica 25, no. 50 (2020): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/aaser2050171p.

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In order to popularise organically produced vegetables, two vegetable crops most commonly grown in organic systems in Serbia were studied. This research aimed at investigating differences in phytonutrient content between organically and conventionally produced beet and carrot, in fresh roots, juices pasteurised at different temperatures (70 and 90oC) and dried products. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) was used in order to determine the main components accounting for the highest variance, from both systems of production, according to the average content of phytonutrients in beet and carrot. The samples were divided into two clusters, one for carrot and one for beet, each containing two subgroups. The subclusters for beet were: I - BDO, BDC, BJ90C, and BJ90O - dried samples and juices pasteurised at 90oC, from both systems of production; and II - BFC, BFO, BJ70O and BJ70C - fresh beet and pasteurisation at low temperatures. The two sub-clusters for carrot were: I - CDO and CDC - dried samples; and II - pasteurised juices and fresh carrots from both systems of production. In this research, carrot was more stable for processing than beet, as determined for samples from the study area, from both systems of production and for the phytonutrients covered by this research.

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Farnham, Mark W., Philipp W. Simon, and John R. Stommel. "Improved Phytonutrient Content Through Plant Genetic Improvement." Nutrition Reviews 57, no. 9 (April 27, 2009): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1999.tb01803.x.

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Jeenger, Manish Kumar, Shweta Shrivastava, Veera Ganesh Yerra, V. G. M. Naidu, Sistla Ramakrishna, and Ashutosh Kumar. "Curcumin: A pleiotropic phytonutrient in diabetic complications." Nutrition 31, no. 2 (February 2015): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.06.015.

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Moehninsi, Duroy A. Navarre, and Chuck R. Brown. "Phytonutrient content of Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. berries." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 44 (December 2015): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2015.07.004.

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Ozgen, Mustafa, Artemio Z. Tulio, Ann M. Chanon, Nithya Janakiraman, R. Neil Reese, A. Raymond Miller, and Joseph C. Scheerens. "(105) Variation in Cornelian Cherry Phytonutrient Capacity." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1038E—1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1038e.

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To investigate the variation in the phytonutrients of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.), fruit was harvested at the blush (S1), red (S2), and ripe (S3) stages from five genotypes maintained at the Secrest Arboretum, Wooster, Ohio. The S1-S3 samples were characterized for color reflectance and then frozen at –28 °C. After storage, samples were analyzed for dry weight (DW), total soluble solids (TSS), sugars (FRU + GLU), organic acids (ORG), total phenols (PHE), total anthocyanins (ACY), individual anthocyanins (IA), hydroyzable tannins (HT), and antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS). From S1 to S3, DW and TSS increased by 24% and 21%, respectively, and L, hue angle, and chroma values decreased. On a DW basis, all analytical parameters were significantly influenced by genotype and stage. The ACY levels rose 7-fold during ripening, but PHE contents declined by 10%. In ripe fruit, HT comprised the bulk of the PHE constituents, whereas ACY accounted for only 7.6% of PHE levels. Variability among genotypes was moderate for all ripe fruit parameters but ACY. Ripe fruit varied little in color parameters and ACY (fwb) and IA (fwb) were not significantly different among cultivars. The Cy 3-gal and pel 3-gal levels were negatively correlated. Antioxidant capacity declined 16% to 18% during ripening. Ripe fruit FRAP and ABTS values were higher than those reported for most fruits, averaging 596 ± 85 and 629 ± 85 μmol TE eq./gDW, respectively. ABTS and FRAP values were highly correlated with each other and with PHE and HT contents, but were loosely and negatively related to ACY levels. Considering our limited sample size, we concluded that the phytonutrient capacity of cornelian cherry is substantial, predominantly associated with tannins and moderately variable among genotypes.

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Ferruzzi, Mario G., Jirayu Tanprasertsuk, Penny Kris-Etherton, Connie M. Weaver, and Elizabeth J. Johnson. "Perspective: The Role of Beverages as a Source of Nutrients and Phytonutrients." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz115.

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ABSTRACT The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide nutrition advice for Americans >2 y of age. The 2020–2025 DGA proposes a life stage approach, focusing on birth through older adulthood. Limited recommendations for beverages exist except for milk, 100% fruit juice, and alcohol. The goal of this article is to provide a better understanding of the role of beverages in the diet using current scientific evidence. A Medline search of observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses was undertaken using key beverage words. We highlight the role beverages can play as a part of the DGA and considered beverages not traditionally included, such as those that are phytonutrient dense. Our primary consideration for beverage consumption targeted healthy Americans aged ≥2 y. However, with the proposed expansion to the life span for the 2020–2025 DGA, we also reviewed evidence for infants and toddlers from birth to 24 mo. Examples are provided on how minor changes in beverage choices aid in meeting recommended intakes of certain nutrients. Guidance on beverage consumption may aid in development of better consumer products to meet broader dietary advice. For example, beverage products that are nutrient/phytonutrient dense and lower in sugar could be developed as alternatives to 100% juice to help meet the fruit and vegetable guidelines. Although beverages are not meant to replace foods, e.g., it is difficult to meet the requirements for vitamin E, dietary fiber, or essential fatty acids through beverages alone, beverages are important sources of nutrients and phytonutrients, phenolic acids and flavonoids in particular. When considering the micronutrients from diet alone, mean intakes of calcium (in women), potassium, and vitamins A, C, and D are below recommendations and sodium intakes are well above. Careful beverage choices could close these gaps and be considered a part of a healthy dietary pattern.

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Khor, Amanda, Ross Grant, Chin Tung, Jade Guest, Belinda Pope, Margaret Morris, and Ayse Bilgin. "Postprandial oxidative stress is increased after a phytonutrient-poor food but not after a kilojoule-matched phytonutrient-rich food." Nutrition Research 34, no. 5 (May 2014): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2014.04.005.

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Divéky-Ertsey, Anna, Márta Ladányi, Barbara Biró, Mónika Máté, Dóra Drexler, Ferenc Tóth, Krisztina Boziné Pullai, Attila Gere, Péter Pusztai, and László Csambalik. "Tomato Landraces May Benefit from Protected Production—Evaluation on Phytochemicals." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (October 12, 2022): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100937.

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Plant genetic resources (PGRs) serving as a wide genetic pool of tomato germplasm can provide a solid base for recent breeding efforts to increase consumer acceptance towards the taste and the phytonutrient properties of novel tomato varieties. Old varieties and landraces were abandoned by producers due to unfavorable phenotypic characteristics; however, their high adaptability and nutritional properties are inevitably valuable. This study aims to investigate the impact of open-field vs. protected production on various bioactive compound parameters and on the antioxidant status of seven indeterminate-type tomato PGRs in an organic production system for two years (2015–2016). Genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplots were created for visualizing the which-won-where concept of the PGRs investigated. The GGE analysis revealed that the phytonutrient content of certain PGRs is less dependent on location and more influenced by differences in microclimatic conditions. “Balatonboglár”, “Mátrafüred” and “Fadd” PGRs performed better in a polytunnel, while Tarnaméra provided better results in an open field. “Máriapócs” and “San Marzano” showed a relative independence from production location in terms of their measured phytonutrient values. These findings enrich the nutritional datasets of tomato landraces, which support the in situ conservation and utilization of PGRs in breeding programs.

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Ujong UP, Okon VE, Odom GE, and Igwe CO. "The antimicrobial and phytonutrient profile of Ocimum gratissimum." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.2.0026.

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Many plant-derived compounds have been used as drugs, either in their original or semi-synthetic forms. Plant derived metabolites can also serve as lead compounds, which may be used as templates for the development of new drugs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of extract of O. gratissimum leaves on selected clinical pathogenic organisms. The plant materials were obtained through successive extractions using solvents of different polarities such as petroleum ether, ethanol and distilled water. The phytoconstituents were analyzed using standard procedures while antibacterial activities of the extracts were then evaluated by the hole-agar-well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract was determined against the isolated microorganism by agar dilution method. The presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and alkaloids in the different leaf extracts was established at varying concentration from the results. The ethanol extract was found to be the most potent, followed by the petroleum ether extract, while aqueous extract was the least potent. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albican were highly susceptible to the ethanol extracts, since it showed the most susceptible higher zones of inhibition. The ability of the extracts to inhibit the growth of several bacterial and fungal species is an indication of the broad spectrum antimicrobial potential of leaf extract of O. gratissimum, which suggests the plant as a tool for bioprospecting for antibiotic and antifungal drugs.

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Pan, Wen-Harn, Nai-Hua Yeh, Ray-Yu Yang, Wei-Hsuan Lin, Wan-Chen Wu, Wen-Ting Yeh, Mi-Kyung Sung, et al. "Vegetable, fruit, and phytonutrient consumption patterns in Taiwan." Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 26, no. 1 (January 2018): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.12.015.

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Ruiz, D., J. Egea, M. I. Gil, and F. A. Tomas-Barberan. "PHYTONUTRIENT CONTENT IN NEW APRICOT (PRUNUS ARMENIACA L.) VARIETIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 717 (September 2006): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.717.73.

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Riccioni, Graziano, Lorenza Speranza, Mirko Pesce, Salvatore Cusenza, Nicolantonio D’Orazio, and Michael J. Glade. "Novel phytonutrient contributors to antioxidant protection against cardiovascular disease." Nutrition 28, no. 6 (June 2012): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2011.11.028.

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Nassar, Atef M. K., Stan Kubow, Yves N. Leclerc, and Danielle J. Donnelly. "Somatic Mining for Phytonutrient Improvement of ‘Russet Burbank’ Potato." American Journal of Potato Research 91, no. 1 (August 23, 2013): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12230-013-9334-z.

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Kwon, E. E., and A. Hagedorn. "Can Phytonutrient Intake Predict Poor Physical and Mental Health?" Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 116, no. 9 (September 2016): A45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.145.

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Brewer, D., A. Koempel, A. Hosier, J. Strang, A. Price, A. Amorese, and T. Stephenson. "BerryCare: Blackberry Cooperative Extension Lessons to Promote Phytonutrient Intake." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 117, no. 9 (September 2017): A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.349.

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Bala Yaswanth Kumar, S., Suranjan Bantupalli, and Deekshit Atluri. "Evaluation of Selected Flavonoids for the Anthelmintic and Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Activity using Animal Models." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i6.5070.

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Most fruits and vegetables contain flavonoids, a type of phytonutrient. As well as carotenoids, they're responsible for fruits and vegetable brilliant hues. Some other phytonutrients such as flavonoids are strong antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and immune properties. There are many flavonoids, including anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids. Quercetin and chrysin were chosen for the investigation. Humans and other animals can contract Helminthiasis (helminthiases), sometimes known as worm infection. Tapeworms, roundworms, and flukes are only a few of the parasites that exist. Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to treat spasticity caused by upper motor neuron syndromes and muscle discomfort or musculoskeletal spasms created by peripheral disturbances. Samples of quercetin and chrysin were generated in the presence of 0.5% SCMC suspension at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/ml, and then analyzed. To keep track of photocell beam disruptions, a six-digit counter was utilized (locomotor activity). It was time to turn on the actophotometer and examine the locomotor behavior of each rat for five minutes. The basal activity levels of all the animals were recorded. Keywords: Flavonoids, Anthelmintic, Skeletal Muscle relaxant, animal models

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Hassan, Nik Suhaimi Mat, Md Sohrab Hossain, Venugopal Balakrishnan, Mark Harris Zuknik, Muliadi Mustaner, Azhar Mat Easa, Adel Al-Gheethi, and Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya. "Influence of Fresh Palm Fruit Sterilization in the Production of Carotenoid-Rich Virgin Palm Oil." Foods 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112838.

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Palm oil is known to be rich in carotenoids and other phytonutrients. However, the carotenoids and phytonutrients degrade due to high heat sterilization of oil palm fruits. The present study was conducted to produce carotenoid-rich virgin palm oil (VPO) using cold-press extraction. Herein, the influence of sterilization of oil palm fresh fruits in the production of cold-pressed VPO was determined with varying sterilization temperatures, times, and amounts of palm fruits in sterilization. The experimental sterilization conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the maximum VPO yield and minimum FFAs in cold-pressed VPO. The optimal sterilization experimental conditions of oil palm fruits were determined to be a sterilization temperature of 62 °C, a time of 90 min, and an amount of oil palm fruits of 8 kg. Under these experimental conditions, the maximum cold-pressed VPO yield and the minimal content of free fatty acids (FFAs) obtained were 27.94 wt.% and 1.32 wt.%, respectively. Several analytic methods were employed to determine cold-pressed VPO quality and fatty acids compositions and compared with the crude palm oil. It was found that cold-pressed VPO contains higher carotenoids (708 mg/g) and unsaturated fatty acids compared with the carotenoid (343 mg/g) and fatty acid compositions in CPO. The findings of the present study reveal that the sterilization temperature potentially influences the carotenoid and nutrient contents in VPO; therefore, the optimization of the sterilization conditions is crucial to producing carotenoid- and phytonutrient-rich VPO.

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Anbualakan, Kirushmita, Nur Qisti Tajul Urus, Suzana Makpol, Adawiyah Jamil, Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli, Suria Hayati Md Pauzi, and Norliza Muhammad. "A Scoping Review on the Effects of Carotenoids and Flavonoids on Skin Damage Due to Ultraviolet Radiation." Nutrients 15, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15010092.

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Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays in the sun causes premature ageing and may predispose to skin cancers. UV radiation generates excessive free radical species, resulting in oxidative stress, which is responsible for cellular and DNA damage. There is growing evidence that phytonutrients such as flavonoids and carotenoids may impede oxidative stress and prevent photodamage. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to explore the effects of certain phytonutrients in preventing skin photodamage. We searched the electronic Medline (Ovid) and Pubmed databases for relevant studies published between 2002 and 2022. The main inclusion criteria were articles written in English, and studies reporting the effects of phytonutrient-containing plants of interest on the skin or skin cells exposed to UV radiation. We focused on tea, blueberries, lemon, carrot, tomato, and grapes, which are rich in flavonoids and/or carotenoids. Out of 434 articles retrieved, 40 were identified as potentially relevant. Based on our inclusion criteria, nine articles were included in the review. The review comprises three combined in vitro and animal studies, four human studies, one in vitro research, and one mixed in vitro and human study. All the studies reported positive effects of flavonoids and carotenoid-containing plant extract on UV-induced skin damage. This evidence-based review highlights the potential use of flavonoids and carotenoids found in plants in preventing the deleterious effects of UV radiation on the skin. These compounds may have a role in clinical and aesthetic applications for the prevention and treatment of sunburn and photoaging, and may potentially be used against UV-related skin cancers.

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Bhandari, Shiva Ram, Ju-Kyong Lee, and Young-Sang Lee. "Phytonutrient Profile of Purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) Seeds." Korean Journal of Crop Science 56, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7740/kjcs.2011.56.3.199.

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Popova, Venelina, Nadezhda Mazova, Tanya Ivanova, Nadezhda Petkova, Magdalena Stoyanova, Albena Stoyanova, Sezai Ercisli, et al. "Phytonutrient Composition of Two Phenotypes of Physalis alkekengi L. Fruit." Horticulturae 8, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050373.

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Physalis alkekengi L. is the only representative of the genus Physalis (Solanaceae) that is native to Bulgaria, found in wild habitats under different climatic and soil conditions. The plant is poisonous, but produces edible fruit, which are a source of functional nutrients—vitamins, phenolic antioxidants, minerals, etc. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the presence of certain nutrient and bioactive substances in two phenotypes of P. alkekengi fruit from Bulgaria, in order to better reveal the prospects of fruit use in nutrition. Different macro and micronutrients were determined in the fruit—protein, ash, lipids, fiber, natural pigments, sugars, amino acids, minerals—and the results showed differences between the phenotypes. Fruit energy values were low and identical in the samples, 43 kcal/100 g. The fruits were rich in extractable phenolics (TPC, 17.74–20.25 mg GAE/100 g FW; flavonoids, 15.84–18.03 mg QE/100 g FW) and demonstrated good antioxidant activity (DPPH, 171.55–221.26 mM TE/g; FRAP, 193.18–256.35 mM TE/g). P. alkekengi fruits were processed to obtain a dry extract with ethanol (yield 47.92–58.6%), and its individual composition was identified (GC-MS). The results in this study supported the presumed phytonutritive potential of P. alkekengi fruit, thus, opening doors for further research.

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Popova, Venelina, Nadezhda Mazova, Tanya Ivanova, Nadezhda Petkova, Magdalena Stoyanova, Albena Stoyanova, Sezai Ercisli, et al. "Phytonutrient Composition of Two Phenotypes of Physalis alkekengi L. Fruit." Horticulturae 8, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050373.

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Physalis alkekengi L. is the only representative of the genus Physalis (Solanaceae) that is native to Bulgaria, found in wild habitats under different climatic and soil conditions. The plant is poisonous, but produces edible fruit, which are a source of functional nutrients—vitamins, phenolic antioxidants, minerals, etc. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the presence of certain nutrient and bioactive substances in two phenotypes of P. alkekengi fruit from Bulgaria, in order to better reveal the prospects of fruit use in nutrition. Different macro and micronutrients were determined in the fruit—protein, ash, lipids, fiber, natural pigments, sugars, amino acids, minerals—and the results showed differences between the phenotypes. Fruit energy values were low and identical in the samples, 43 kcal/100 g. The fruits were rich in extractable phenolics (TPC, 17.74–20.25 mg GAE/100 g FW; flavonoids, 15.84–18.03 mg QE/100 g FW) and demonstrated good antioxidant activity (DPPH, 171.55–221.26 mM TE/g; FRAP, 193.18–256.35 mM TE/g). P. alkekengi fruits were processed to obtain a dry extract with ethanol (yield 47.92–58.6%), and its individual composition was identified (GC-MS). The results in this study supported the presumed phytonutritive potential of P. alkekengi fruit, thus, opening doors for further research.

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Takeda, Fumiomi, Gene Lester, Craig Chandler, Penny Perkins-Veazie, and Ronald Prior. "PHYTONUTRIENT EVALUATION OF STRAWBERRIES FROM FIELD AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTS." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 879c—879. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.879c.

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Fresh strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch) are readily available throughout the year with several new cultivars being successfully grown in diverse environmental conditions (e.g., field and greenhouse). Consumption of strawberries with higher nutritive values and antioxidant activity may contribute to improved human wellness. Phytonutrient contents and antioxidant activity was measured as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were assayed in berries (`Camarosa', `Diamante', and `Gaviota') sampled in January, February to March, and April to May from fields in Plant City, Fla., and Oxnard, Calif., and from a greenhouse in Kearneysville, WV. Strawberry cultivars varied in skin color, soluble solids, total phenolics, and anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, folic acid, and ORAC activity. Response to environment was cultivar dependent. All phytonutrient constituents were lower in `Diamante' berries compared to `Camarosa' and `Gaviota'. For all cultivars, berry ORAC activity declined as TSS increased, and ORAC activity was coincident with phenolic content. ORAC activity in berries fruit harvested from plants grown in a temperature-controlled greenhouse did not change during the January to May sampling period. For `Gaviota', ORAC activity in greenhouse-produced berries was the same as that of field-produced berries. Whereas greenhouse vs. field-gown `Camarosa' and `Diamante' berries ORAC was higher and lower respectively. These findings demonstrate that the environmental conditions in greenhouses in Kearneysville, W.Va., from winter to spring are adequate for `Camarosa' and `Gaviota' color development, but not for `Diamante' strawberries. Of the three cultivars, only `Camarosa' was highly productive (1.2 kg berries per plant), even in the greenhouse. Berries were high in ascorbic acid, folic acid, phenolic acid, anthocyanins, and ORAC activity.

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Zhu, Ling, Audrey I. S. Andersen-Civil, Laura J. Myhill, Stig M. Thamsborg, Witold Kot, Lukasz Krych, Dennis S. Nielsen, Alexandra Blanchard, and Andrew R. Williams. "The phytonutrient cinnamaldehyde limits intestinal inflammation and enteric parasite infection." Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 100 (February 2022): 108887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108887.

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Kochian, Leon V., and David F. Garvin. "Agricultural Approaches to Improving Phytonutrient Content in Plants: An Overview." Nutrition Reviews 57, no. 9 (April 27, 2009): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1999.tb01802.x.

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Baechler, Benjamin J., Florina Nita, Lon Jones, and Joy L. Frestedt. "A Novel Liquid Multi-Phytonutrient Supplement Demonstrates DNA-Protective Effects." Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 64, no. 2 (March 3, 2009): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-009-0107-2.

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Brandi, F., A. Liverani, D. Giovannini, M. Buccheri, G. Bianchi, V. Papa, M. Grassi, F. Mourgues, and C. Rosati. "MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON PHYTONUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN PEACH FRUIT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 976 (February 2013): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.976.53.

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Nassar, Atef M. K., Stan Kubow, and Danielle J. Donnelly. "High-Throughput Screening of Sensory and Nutritional Characteristics for Cultivar Selection in Commercial Hydroponic Greenhouse Crop Production." International Journal of Agronomy 2015 (2015): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/376417.

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Hydroponic greenhouse-grown and store-bought cultivars of tomato (cherry and beefsteak), cucumbers, bibb lettuce, and arugula were investigated to see if they could be distinguished based on sensory qualities and phytonutrient composition. Only the more dominant sensory criteria were sufficiently robust to distinguish between cultivars and could form the core of a consolidated number of criteria in a more discriminating sensory evaluation test. Strong determinants for cultivar selection within each crop included the following: mineral analysis (particularly Cu, Fe, K, Mg, and P); total carotenoids (particularlyβ-carotene, lycopene, and lutein); total carbohydrate (except in arugula); organic acids; total phenolics and total anthocyanins (except in cucumber). Hydroponically grown and store-bought produce were of similar quality although individual cultivars varied in quality. Storage at 4°C for up to 6 days did not affect phytonutrient status. From this, we conclude that “freshness,” while important, has a longer duration than the 6 days used in our study. Overall, the effect of cultivar was more important than the effect of growing method or short-term storage at 4°C under ideal storage conditions.

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Onwuzuruike, U. A., C. J. Okakpu, J. Ndife, U. C. Uzochukwu, and O. Ubochi. "Effect of different extraction methods on micro-component composition and oxidative stability of oil produced from African pear (Dacryodes edulis) mesocarp Oil." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 38, no. 2 (March 3, 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i2.2.

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Three different methods, including Soxhlet, traditional and screw press, were used to extract oil from African pear pulp. The oils were analysed for selected minerals and phytonutrients; stored for 4 weeks and analysed for oxidative changes. The micro-components results ranged from 0.00 to 41.50% for chlorophyll, 0.00 to 1.25 µg/100g for total carotenoids, 0.02 to 0.04 mg/100g for iron, 0.00 to 0.01 mg/100g for copper, and 18.25 to 208.50 mg/100g for vitamin E. The oxidative stability results showed that peroxide values ranged from 0.13 to 2.69 meq O2/kg in week 1 to 0.92 to 3.62 meq O2/kg in week 4; FFA ranged from 0.36 to 7.04% in week 1 to 0.39 to 11.47% in week 4; density ranged from 0.89 to 0.91 g/cm3 in week 1 to 0.91 to 0.98 g/cm3 in week 4; viscosity ranged from 17.17 to 51.57 RVU in week 1 to 20.31 to 55.05 RVU in week 4 and thiobarbituric acid level ranged from 0.02 to 1.11 mg/g in week 1 to 0.09 to 1.31 mg/g in week 4. Soxhlet extraction method produced oil of best quality with significantly (p < 0.05) higher mineral and phytonutrient contents, and of a longer storage stability.

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Mastropasqua, Linda, Nunzio Dipierro, and Costantino Paciolla. "Effects of Darkness and Light Spectra on Nutrients and Pigments in Radish, Soybean, Mung Bean and Pumpkin Sprouts." Antioxidants 9, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060558.

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Fresh sprouts are an important source of antioxidant compounds and contain useful phytonutrients in the human diet. Many factors, such as the time of germination and types of light, influence the physiological processes and biosynthetic pathways in sprouts. The effect of red, blue and white light vs. dark conditions on the quality parameters in different sprout species after 5 d of germination was evaluated. Total ascorbate, soluble proteins, sugars, phenolic compounds, and pigments, such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, and anthocyanins, were investigated in radishes, soybeans, mung beans, and pumpkin sprouts. The light treatments increased the contents of vitamin C and the various pigments in all sprouts, conversely, they increased the soluble proteins and sugars, including d-glucose, d-fructose and sucrose, in soybeans and pumpkins, respectively. The dark treatment prevented the decrease in dry matter due to the lighting, while the red light induced an increase in polyphenols in soybean. These results suggest that the nutritional content of different sprouts grown under different light conditions depend on the dark or specific spectral wavelength used for their growth. The manuscript may increase the knowledge on light use for the industrialized food production aiming at preserving the phytonutrient content of vegetables, increasing the consumer health, or developing tailored diets for specific nutritional needs.

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Pant, Archana P., Theodore J. K. Radovich, Nguyen V. Hue, and Susan C. Miyasaka. "Pak Choi (Brassica rapa, Chinensis Group) Yield, Phytonutrient Content, and Soil Biological Properties as Affected by Vermicompost-to-water Ratio Used for Extraction." HortScience 47, no. 3 (March 2012): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.3.395.

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Previous work has demonstrated the potential of compost tea to enhance plant growth and nutritional status. One factor thought to contribute to variability in the efficacy of compost tea is the amount of compost per unit volume of water. To address these gaps in our understanding, two greenhouse trials and two field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of various extraction ratios on the growth, mineral nitrogen (N), and phytonutrient content of pak choi (Brassica rapa, Chinensis) and on soil biological properties. In greenhouse experiments, plants were fertilized with a single rate of chicken manure-based thermophilic compost. In field trials, three fertilizer treatments: 1) rendered meat byproduct or Tankage (Island Commodities, Honolulu, HI); 2) soluble fertilizer (16:16:16); and 3) chicken manure-based thermophilic compost were applied. Aerated vermicompost teas were prepared using chicken manure-based vermicompost and water at various ratios. Pak choi plants were treated weekly for 4 weeks with 10%, 5%, 3%, and 1% vermicompost teas in the greenhouse experiments and 10% and 5% teas in the field trials. Applications of vermicompost tea significantly increased plant growth, N content, total carotenoids, and total glucosinolates in plant tissue; this response was greatest in chicken manure-fertilized treatments. Increases in yield and phytonutrient content were associated with increased N uptake. Vermicompost tea also increased soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity over the control (water). Plant growth, phytonutrient content, and microbial activities in soil increased with increasing concentrations of vermicompost tea. Within the range of concentrations evaluated (1%–10%), greatest plant growth response was observed with 5% and 10% vermicompost tea, indicating that the optimal water-to-vermicompost ratio for extraction is lower than 50:1 and is likely in the range of 10:1 to 20:1. The findings suggest that vermicompost tea could be used to improve plant nutrient status and enhance soil biological properties in vegetable production.

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Pandey, Shreya, Aparna ., K. Shiby Varghese, Anil Kumar Chauhan, and Meenakshi Singh. "Development of phytonutrient enriched avocado milkshake powder and its quality evaluation." Indian Journal of Dairy Science 73, no. 6 (December 27, 2020): 556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33785/ijds.2020.v73i06.007.

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Velvizhi, M., T. Sujatha, and Jemima Beryl Mohankumar. "Effect of Cooking on the Phytonutrient Content of Selected Edible Flowers." FoodSci: Indian Journal of Research in Food Science and Nutrition 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15613/fijrfn/2015/v2i1/80071.

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Nnenna Ani, Onuabuchi, Kelechi Kingsley A, and Ebere Immaculata. "Evaluation of the Phytonutrient Content and Antioxidant Activity of Watermelon Juice." Journal of Applied Sciences 22, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2022.196.206.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phytonutrient'

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