Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phytodisponibility'
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Achour, Yosra. "Etude de la mobilité des métaux (Pb, Zn, Cd) et des métalloïdes (As, Sb) dans les sols carbonatés contaminés par les rejets miniers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2022. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2022ORLE1041_va.pdf.
Full textThis thesis provides answers on the ecodynamics and phytoavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural soils heavily contaminated by mining waste developed on a carbonated bedrock of northern Tunisia (Jebel Ressas (JRS), Jebel Hallouf (JH1) and Sidi Bouaoune (SB) in a semi-arid climate.The main contaminants in question are Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb which can respectively reach 185037 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 28,000 mg.kg-1 at (JH1), 1021 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 1,355 mg.kg-1 and 338 mg.kg-1 at (JH1).These soils are essentially made up of clays (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite), carbonates (calcite, dolomite, and hydrozincite), silicates (quartz and hemimorphite), and sulfates (barite and anglesite).The rhizospheric effect on the mobility of PTE has been investigated using kinetic test with a mixture of low molecular weight organic acids. The results showed an increase in the pH of the solution (initial pH 2.8) up to near neutrality, leading to the dissolution of carbonates. Our results suggest that the most extractable elements are Cd and Zn and to a lesser extent Pb. an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively, was observed. for metalloids (As and Sb) their extractibility was relatively low with the exception of the soils of Jebel Hallouf and Sidi Bouaouane, with an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively.For the determination of the forms of the PTE in soils, two methods of sequential extractions were applied (BCR and Maiz). Jointly, the total dissolved concentration in pore waters, the labile fraction (DGT probes) and the absorption by plants (barley and peas) were measured in order to study the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of two sites post-mining (Jebel Hallouf - Sidi Bouaouane and Jebel Ressas).Our résultats showed that the PTE in the mobile and mobilisable fraction(Maiz scheme) of the soils are low compared to their total concentrations. The BCR scheme revealed that most of the PTE are bound to the residual fraction with the exception of Zn at JRS which is much more concentrated in the exchangeable fraction. An exception was also observed for Pb in JH(1) and JH(2) soils where it was distributed evenly in the exchangeable, oxidizable and residual fractions, the percentage of which varies between 23 % and 32 %.The response of plants to these contaminants shows that peas and barley have accumulated TPE levels exceeding the levels absorbed by plants in control soils.Total dissolved concentrations soil power water as well as concentrations measured by DGT are not correlated with primary plant leaf content. This result is explained by the fact that the concentrations of PTE accumulated in the plants are higher than those available in the power waters and that the replenishment of the solid phase is practically negligible.The risk of transfer of PTE to water was studied by percolation in saturated conditions in soil columns reproducing the surface profile. A progressive decrease in the redox potential related to the concentration of organic carbon in the soil induced an increase in the mobility of arsenic probably related to the microbial reduction of iron oxides
Massoura, Stamatia. "Spéciation et phytodisponibilité du nickel dans les sols." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL009N.
Full textThis thesis relates to the study of parameters which influence the dynamic of nickel and its radionuclide 63 Ni in soils. At the Saille time, the study of the chemical and biological characteriza- tion of these elements availability in the soils is done. The available pool of Ni and 63 Ni (chemical estimation) was measured by chemical and isotopic methods and soil incubations; by evaluating the interest and limits of each roethod. The factors which influence the mobility of metal in soils were thus determined. With through this study, we showed that the bio- and phyto-availability of Ni depend on the soil mineralogy, on the soil weathering, on the type of metal associations with the mineraIs, and on the quantitative presence of these mineraIs. The transfer of Ni and 63 N i from the soil to the plant depends on the metal availability in the soil and on the roots behaviour to the soil offe1, in relation to the strategies of hyperaccumulation, accumulation or exclusion of N z. Plants are able to modify the metal availability in soils by influencing the sorption processes of Ni from the solid phase to the soil solution. They are also able to change the speciation of Ni in solu- tion however the majority form of Ni in the soil solution was N i2+. Hyperaccumulators regulate Ni and 63 N i concentration in soil solution and their migration to the ground water. If the physico-chemical properties of soils, the pollutant availability and the choice of the hyperaccumulators are taken into account, the se plants are able to decrease and control durably the ecotoxicological effects of trace elements and radionuclides contamination in soils
Layet, Clément. "Phytodisponibilité des nanomatériaux et impact sur le prélèvement d'éléments traces métalliques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0630/document.
Full textA nanomaterial (NM) is an object with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm. This gives specific properties, different compared to their micrometric counterparts. New industrial applications implied an increasing production since the 2000’s. Soil is one the main compartment where NMs are accumulating during their life cycle.This work aimed at studying the bioavailability for plants (phytoavailability) of NMs, depending on NMS properties (chemical nature, size, shape, surface coating), on environmental parameters (physicochemical properties of soils), and on plant species (monocotyledon vs dicotyledon).We adapted a biotest, initially used to assess the phytoavailability of metals: the RHIZOtest. This biotest is able to compare phytoavailability of different plants with the same contact area between soils and plants via a membrane, which allows an easier harvest of roots without soil particles.Using the RHIZOtest, we were able to determine the influence of the chemical nature, size, shape and coating of NMs, using CeO2, Ag0, and TiO2 NMs, with concentration exposure close to the one predicted by environmental modeling. We also demonstrated that soil texture had a significant impact on phytoavailablity of nanomaterials.The use of RHIZOtest allowed us to describe the effects of several environmental parameters at exposure concentration close to the ones predicted in soil. The RHIZOtest can be used as a tool to deign NNs for a controlled phytoavailability or for predicting the transfer in trophic chain as a function of the soil
Caille, Nathalie. "Mobilité et phytodisponibilité du mercure dans des dépôts de sédiments de curage." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL027N.
Full textTailliez, Antoine. "Effet de l’exsudation de citrate chez le lupin blanc sur la phytodisponibilité de l’uranium." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4335/document.
Full textThe present study is related to the context of pedosphere contamination increasing and chose to consider this issue through a focus on rhizosphere and mechanisms that govern its evolution. This work is oriented on the relation between uranium – a non-essential ubiquitous metal – and citrate – a low molecular weight organic acid exudated by specific species when grown on a phosphorus-deficient environment. Among these particular species white lupine (Lupinus albus) is considered as a model species. Furthermore, a natural soil containing huge amounts of uranium has been collected at the outcrop of a pitchblende vein and used during some experiments. The main aim of this PhD thesis was to determine if the root activity of white lupine is sufficient to cause the remobilization of uranium into soil solution and so to promote the transfer of this contaminant to the plant. The soil/plant system has been studied with rhizotests and by combining datas obtained with hydroponics experiments and batches tests. It has been demonstrated that the presence of uranium in a controlled growth medium (hydropony) stimulates citrate exudation in P-sufficient white lupine. More, this citrate exudation enhances uranium solubilization in soil solution in batches. These results have been confirmed by observations on rhizotest even if the values in this case were more nuanced. This justifies the employed approaches and highlights their coherence and complementarity. The results also allowed to provide additional information concerning uranium toxicity, its internalization in root cells as well as its transfer from roots to aerial parts
Denys, Sébastien. "Prédiction de la phytodisponibilité de deux radionucléides (63 NI et 99 TC) dans les sols." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL575N.
Full textCornu, Jean-Yves. "Evolution temporelle de la concentration de Cd²⁺ en solution de sol au cours d'une culture végétale : impact sur l'exposition racinaire." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13516.
Full textThe contamination of soils by trace elements constitutes a danger for human health, notably through the contamination of the food chain. Cadmium (Cd) is particularly dangerous because of its high toxicity to man for the long term (source INRS) and its high transfer capacity from the soil to the edible parts of plants. Thus, the development of tools which are able to predict the soil-plant transfer of Cd is desirable. It requires the understanding and the modelling of the transfer of Cd from the soil to the plant root. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify and to prioritize the physico-chemical parameters, and the related processes, that affect the Cd2+ concentration in soil solution over a culture period. This work confirmed the difficulties in evaluating the speciation of Cd in natural solutions. It put into evidence strong temporal changes in solution Cd2+ concentration, in relation with the localized establishment of anaerobic conditions in soil. Microbial denitrification emerged as a major process in controlling the concentration of Cd2+ in soil solution over time, its impact on the solution ionic strength conditioning the desorption of Cd from the solid phase. The integration of the temporal variations in Cd2+ concentration through the calculation of the root exposure to solution Cd improved the prediction of the uptake of Cd by plant roots
Marcato, Claire-Emmanuelle. "Origine, devenir et impact du cuivre et du zinc des lisiers porcins : Rôle de la digestion anaérobie." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7655/1/marcato.pdf.
Full textDiyab, Chaden. "Influence des plantes (pois et tomate) et des amendements phosphatés (solide ou soluble) sur la spéciation et la phytodisponibilité des métaux (Pb et Zn) dans un sol contaminé par les retombées atmosphériques d' une usine pyrométallurgique." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066132.
Full textBouziri, Lamia. "Rétention et phytodisponibilité du Cadmium dans le sol : interactions avec l'activité microbienne et le cycle de la matière organique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30015.
Full textViala, Yoann. "Elaboration d'un modèle de prédiction de la phytodisponibilité du cadmium dans les sols agricoles : application à la contamination cadmiée du blé dur." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0091/document.
Full textCadmium (Cd) is a trace element found in agricultural soils which can contaminate the food chain by being taken up by plants and accumulated in consumed plant products. The bioavailability of Cd is a concept at the centre of the risk assessment of Cd transfer from soil to plants. Plants, taking up essentially the free form of Cd (Cd2+) in the soil solution, bioavailability is a function of two main processes, the Cd speciation in solution (the different chemical forms taken by the Cd in solution) and the partitioning of Cd2+ between the solid phase and the solution. The main objective of this work was to develop simple predictive operational models of Cd2+ concentrations in agricultural soil solution, by modelling either Cd speciation in soil solution or Cd2+ solid-solution partitioning, the latter to further inform the ability of the phase to replenish the soil solution during root absorption. We also looked for models for the prediction of Cd2+ levels found in durum wheat grains. We have developed two modelling approaches. The first, statistical, allows to produce simple models for operational purposes. The second, geochemical, allows to understand the dominant mechanisms and thus to judge the coherence of simple statistical models to represent complex physicochemical processes. These two approaches have consistently shown that for poorly contaminated agricultural soils, the exchanged Cd between the solid phase and the solution is likely to be weakly sorbed and can be estimated by the Cd extracted by 1M NH4NO3 minus a fraction attached to amorphous manganese oxides. Modelling also showed the importance of pH and Ca content in solution as variables controlling the solubility of Cd2+, probably because of their role in controlling the sorption site availability and Cd complexation. The best-performing statistical model for predicting Cd content in durum wheat also picks up these variables, suggesting that simple statistical models for speciation in solution and soil-solution partitioning of Cd are relevant models to estimate bioavailability and that they can be used to classify soils according to the risks of the transfer of soil Cd to a crop. Compared to the evolution of the regulatory context, the statistical model predictive of the Cd content in the grain shown by cross validation that it could discern relatively reliably (88%) the differences of 0.05 mg Cd.kg-1 of grain and that its reliability would be less (65%) for differences of 0.025 mg Cd.kg-1
Guigues, Stéphanie. "Caractérisation des interactions physico-chimiques entre le cuivre et les racines comme base de développement d'un modèle d'évaluation de la phytodisponibilité des éléments traces." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4307.
Full textThis study has been dedicated to the development of a new modeling approach of trace element phytoavailability, focusing on binding reactions between trace element and plant roots. This approach was used to predict copper (Cu) adsorption on wheat and tomato roots. Several analytical techniques (acid-base titrations, nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon 13, X-ray absorption spectroscopy) were used and crossed with modeling results. At first, plant root reactivity was characterized. Because plant roots are consist of cell walls and plasma membranes, the relative contribution of these two compartments in root binding properties was evaluated. The study was then focused on Cu binding reactions on roots and the effects of physico-chemical conditions (pH, ionic strength, presence of cations) on copper binding. The model has been set thanks to results on root characterization obtained and the acquisition of a set of experimental data on Cu binding. It has been shown that binding properties of wheat and tomato roots came from both cell walls and plasma membranes. Copper speciation in roots was shared, almost evenly, between cell wall pectic compounds and proteins embedded in cell walls and plasma membranes. A model, specific to plant roots, has been developed on the basis of a current model dedicated to the humic substances reactivity. The WHAM-Terrestrial Higher Plants model presented in this study is a first step towards a new tool for assessing the availability of trace elements for plants
Joubert, Antoine. "Etude de l'effet de facteurs environnementaux sur les processus biogéochimiques de mobilisation du Pb, Zn, Cd, As et Hg dans les sols - Modélisation empirique de la mobilité et phytodisponibilité des ETM." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289902.
Full textJoubert, Antoine. "Etude de l’effet de facteurs environnementaux sur les processus biogéochimiques de mobilisation du Pb, Zn, Cd, As et Hg dans les sols : Modélisation empirique de la mobilité et phytodisponibilité des ETM." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10019/document.
Full textPollution induced by trace elements in soils is a major environmental problem because, compared to atmospheric and water pollution, the soil environment is much less resilient. Few studies have been conducted on the effect of environmental factors on trace elements mobility. The different empirical models expressing trace elements solubility and distribution coefficient in soils don’t take into account the effect of these factors. The thesis study the effect of global-change-sensitive factors on Cd, Pb, Zn, As and Hg mobility in soils, using a 24-1 fractional factorial design. Eleven soil samples representative of the 3 industrial and agricultural studied sites of the Meuse and Ebro basins have been studied in the framework of the European AQUATERRA project. As behaviour is not significatively linked to intrinsic nature of soil samples but to the temperature increase and to an anaerobic condition. These factors stimulate microbial activities involved in As solubilisation processes such as microbial dissolutive reduction of Fe oxyhydroxydes and As(V) reduction. The strong influence of microbial activity allow to model As mobility as a function of environmental factors for the whole 11 soil samples. On the contrary, Cd, Pb and above all Zn behaviour, are correlated very significatively to the nature of soil samples like soil pH. Finally, Cd, Pb, Zn and As phytoavailability have been assessed thanks to a compartment system and modelled empirically which aims to better estimate of soil-plant transfer processes
Nobile, Cécile. "Phytodisponibilité du phosphore dans les sols agricoles de La Réunion fertilisés sur le long-terme avec des résidus organiques : la dose d’apport est-elle le seul déterminant à prendre en compte ?" Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0059/document.
Full textApplication of organic residues (OR) on agricultural soils could reduce the use of mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers, but this implies to determine the efficiency of OR to meet crop requirements. We thus aimed to study mechanisms determining the effects of OR on P bioavailability to plants (phytoavailability). Our work was based on five field trials with decadal organic or mineral fertilization located in Réunion island, and on incubations and plant growth experiments under controlled conditions. Available inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) was determined using extractions (water, Olsen), the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) and the isotopic dilution associated to anion exchange membranes (EAEM). Phytoavailable P was determined as the plant P uptake. Soil Pi sorption capacity was determined using sorption curves. For all soil types studied (andosol, andic cambisol, nitisol, and arenosol), RO increased mainly available Pi and had few effects on available Po, which suggests that mineralization of Po applied with RO does not limit Pi availability. Application of RO increased available Pi mainly by increasing soil pH and consequently by decreasing soil Pi sorption capacity. Phytoavailable P increased with soil available Pi, but decreased with increasing soil pH. Our work suggests that except the dose of P applied, effect of RO on P phytoavailability depends mainly on soil pH changes induced
Joubert, Antoine Jauzein Michel. "Etude de l'effet de facteurs environnementaux sur les processus biogéochimiques de mobilisation du Pb, Zn, Cd, As et Hg dans les sols Modélisation empirique de la mobilité et phytodisponibilité des ETM /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0019_JOUBERT.pdf.
Full textRue, Marie. "Hyperaccumulation du nickel sur des substrats élaborés pour l’agromine." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0124/document.
Full textIn view of the depletion of primary resources and the increase in global waste production, the concept of agromining proposes phytoextracting the metals contained in abandoned materials. The solution proposed in this concept is inspired by Nature (NbS) and the principles of agronomy and is part of a circular economy. Thus, hyperaccumulator plants (HA) are able to collect metals from their root system and to store them at high concentrations in their aerial parts. The challenges of the thesis are to give value to waste or secondary materials by extracting the elements of interest that they contain and to identify the plants able to develop on these media. The objective is to formulate, from the chosen materials, a functional substrate, that is to say, capable of rendering a Ni supply service. From this point of view, the substrate must allow the installation and the development of the HAs in order to transfer the metals to the aerial parts. The work focuses on an acid phosphating sludge essentially composed of Fe, Zn, P and Mn and containing 0.5% Ni. Germination and growth tests were carried out with different substrates prepared from this sludge assembled with a soil sample mixture. The retained substrate consists of 10% sludge and 90% soil (w/w). On the latter, HA Alyssum murale produces a higher biomass compared to a control soil (ultramafic soil at the same pH and containing the same amount of bioavailable Ni), despite signs of toxicity to plants. One of the major locks is the high toxicity due to the presence of 6% Zn in the sludge. Two ways of improving the substrate are tested: i) the use of amendments and ii) the arrangement of materials in the profile. The most efficient amendment is a wood biochar; it improves the development of plants and thus the amount of phytoextracted Ni. In addition, by modifying the layout of the materials within the profile by a layered distribution, biomass production and phytoextraction are improved. This device makes it possible to remove Zn-related toxicity. It is essential to control the pH of the substrate during multi-contamination because the immobilization of the metal varies according to the element. The association of soil engineering and plant engineering has made it possible to formulate a functional substrate for the recovery of elements of interest such as Ni. This work demonstrates the possibility of upgrading by-products conventionally called "waste" in order to obtain a surplus value, also reducing their metallic charge and bringing about a new source of "plant-derived" metals obtained by agromining
Qasim, Bashar Hussein. "Détermination, spéciation et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols contaminés et technosols." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2069/document.
Full textThis thesis dealt with the determination and study of the ecodynamics of trace metals in technosols highly contaminated in metals and metalloids in the context of natural revegetalisation or phytoremediation. Two sequential extraction schemes were used jointly with selective extractions in parallel with the determination of the total metals concentration in soils, the total dissolved metals concentration in the soil pore water, the metals labile pool (DGT) and germination tests with dwarf beans to investigate the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of (Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) for technosols of two post-mining (La Petite Faye) and industrial (Mortagne du Nord) sites. Additionally, young plants of P. euramericana Dorskamp were cultivated in rhizobox on Mortagne du Nord technosols to investigate the rhizospheric effect on the mobility of metals. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen addition under nitrate and ammonium on the behavior of these metals has been investigated for P. euramericana Dorskamp for the same soils. Despite the high total metals and metalloids concentration in the La Petite Faye soils, the mobility of these potentially toxic elements is limited because of their association with the residual fraction. The phytoavailability is also limited and correlated with the labile pool of technosols. The culture of P. euramericana Dorskamp generated a rhizospheric effect characterized by an increase of the pH and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil pore water and a decrease in the total dissolved concentration of metals (Zn, Pb et Cd) in the soil pore water. The addition of nitrogen under nitrate or ammonium respectively increased and decreased the soil pore water pH and in the case of ammonium the DOC also increased and stabilized metals in the rhizosphere in comparison to control soils