Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phytochimie; Biologie'
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Petit, Virginie. "Valorisation phytochimique et biologique de plantes tropicales." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3016.
This confidential memory thesis focuses on phytochemical and biological enhancement of tropical plants. It is part of a process of validation of experience and retraces 14 years of applied research for the development of new plant extract for cosmetics industry and elemental research.This work enabled the development of new actives, with high value, from Madagascar plants by enhancement of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols (flavonoids, tannins, chlorogenic acid derivatives) and pentacyclic triterpenes. This important activity goes along with essential activities related to the mastery of plant resources in line with the sustainable development actions, phytochemical research, process development and biological positioning. It is illustrated, among other developing, extracts from Buddleja axillaris, Vernonia appendiculata and the latest work on the plant Centella asiatica
Morel, Sylvie. "Etude phytochimique et évaluation biologique de Derris ferruginea Benth. (Fabaceae)." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671071.
Simon, Alain. "Calluna vulgaris : analyse phytochimique : évaluation biologique d'un phytoconstituant, l'acide ursolique." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO303C.
Payen-Fattaccioli, Laëtitia. "Étude phytochimique et biologique d'une tiliaceae camerounaise : Christiana africana DC." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE18001.
This work deals with the phytochemical and biological investigation of Christiana africana, a Tiliaceae from Cameroon. This plants is used in traditional medicine as treatment for cardiovascular deseases (. . . ) A preliminary evaluation of the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiinflammatory activities has been carried out on the polar extracts, a decoction and two infusions. Antioxidant and fungitoxic tests have also been carried out on pure compounds. These results permitted to discuss the chemotaxonomic and chemical interest of this work
Op, de Beck Philippe. "Étude phytochimique et biologique de Leea guineensis G. Don (Leeaceae)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE18010.
Lawson, Ata Martin. "Etude phytochimique d'une Fabacée tropicale, Lonchocarpus nicou : évaluation biologique préliminaire." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/81766147-569e-4f9d-a925-1b4c6ddcbcee/blobholder:0/2006LIMO300B.pdf.
According to the topic of our research team EA 4021 "Biomolécules et Thérapies Antitumorales", phytochemical study of Lonchocarpus nicou (Aublet) D. C. Was conducted in order to isolate natural molecules with antitumor or anticancer activity. Lonchocarpus nicou (Aublet) D. C. Is a tropical liana of the Fabaceae family used for a long time for its insecticidal, acaricidal and piscicidal activities assigned to prenylated rotenoids (rotenone essentially). Rotenoids derived biogenetically from isoflavonoids known a long time ago for their estrogenic activity. That explains the choice of this plant which was not completely studied in contrary to those species of Lonchocarpus genus. Indeed, about ten compounds only were reported in previous study of this plant. After botanical description and presentation of previous phytochemical studies about Lonchocarpus genus and nicou specie, the least polar extracts (bezenic and hexanic) studied in this work was developed. Their investigation led to the isolation and structural elucidation of thirty eight molecules (in which three ultra-minor compounds) by using various chromatographicals (CC, MPLC, CCM centrifuge, HPLC) and spectroscopics (UV, RMN and SM) techniques. This showed an original and diversified polyphenolic composition characterized by four groups of metabolites: chalcone (one compound), benzoquinone (one compound), isoflavonoid (thirty five compounds), and a para coumaric acid derivative (one compound). Besides rotenone, deguelin and their 12ab-hydroxylated derivatives, which constituted the major components of the root of Lonchocarpus nicou, thirteen new metabolites were found in the other minor phytochemicals as well as seven other never cited before in Lonchocarpus genus. Preliminary bioassays were further conducted on the four main isolated components by evaluating their effect on estrogens receptors and on aromatase enzyme. Their antiproliferative activity and cytotoxic effect on HEL (Human Erythroleukemia) cells and 1547 cells (osteosarcoma) have been also investigated. The latter biological study gave interesting results (IC50 about nanomolar) that might be explored by a solid scientific project
Ouattara, Nangouban. "Etude phytochimique et biologique des plantes médicinales antimicrobiennes de Côte d’Ivoire pour une valorisation thérapeutique contre Toxoplasma gondii et Candida auris." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS059.
This work presents a bioguided phytochemical study of nine Ivorian plants pre-selected for their potential antiparasitic and/or fungicidal activity: Combretum micranthum G. Don (Combretaceae), Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae), Erigeron floribundus Kunth Sch.Bip (Asteraceae), Oldfieldia africana Benth. & Hook. f. (Euphorbiaceae), Octoknema borealis Hutch. & Dalziel (Olacaceae), Omphalocarpum ahia A. Chev (Sapotaceae), Omphalocarpum elatum Miers (Sapotaceae), Tristemma coronatum Benth (Melastomataceae) and Tristemma spp (Melastomataceae).Sequential extractions yielded forty-four crude extracts, which were then screened in vitro at 25 µg/ml against Toxoplasma gondii. Thirty-seven extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic against Vero cells, and ten of these inhibited parasite growth by more than 50%. On the other hand, screening of these forty-four extracts revealed that five of them inhibited more than 50% of the growth of Candida auris and other yeast strains.Three extracts that inhibited more than 90% of parasite growth were selected for the identification of the compounds present, responsible for the activity against T. gondii: the Dichloromethane extract of the bark of the trunk and the AcOEt extract of the leaves of Omphalocarpum ahia; and the hydromethanolic extract of the leaves of E. guineensis.The work carried out on the barks and leaves of O. ahia led mainly to the discovery of triterpenes, including eight new ones, for which chemosensitivity tests were carried out. This showed that an ursan-type triterpene strongly inhibits the growth of toxoplasma, while being highly selective to it. The selectivity index and IC50 allowed us to discuss the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between the isolated triterpenes. The biological target on toxoplasma was sought by reverse docking, and the results indicated that certain bioactive triterpenes form different complexes with the DNA-binding protein of the histone family, the protein containing the SET domain and the protein containing the pH domain of toxoplasma.Bioguided fractionation of the hydromethanolic extract of E. guineensis leaves did not reveal any antitoxoplasmic activity. Purification of the fractions enabled us to characterise triterpenes, sesquiterpenes (including three new ones), polyphenols (including one new one), flavonoids and alkaloids that are potentially responsible for the masked antitoxoplasmic activity.The AcOEt extract of Octoknema borealis trunk bark was the only one to show antifungal activity against all yeasts (MIC = 25 µg/ml) and over 70% to 90% growth inhibition of C. auris and other yeasts. This AcOEt extract was fractionated by CPC, and antifungal activity was found in the majority of its fractions. The chemical profiling of these fractions was carried out by 13C NMR dereplication (CaraMel) and enabled us to identify the metabolites responsible for this strong fungicidal activity
Ouedraogo, Noufou. "Études phytochimique et biologique des métabolites secondaires de Pterocarpus erinaceus poir (fabaceae)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10094.
Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of several diseases including diseases inflammatory component in Burkina Faso. The leaves, stem and roots are used as a drug in the treatment of skin diseases, inflammation, ulcer, rheumatism, dysentery, malaria. The aim of this study was to carry out phytochemical and pharmacological studies on extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this plant to obtain the data for the development of a drug. Phytochemical study has been performed using chromatographic methods (TLC, SPE, CC, VLC, MPLC, HPLC) and spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR). This study has been leading to isolated 18 molecules including 14 identified namely friedelin, lupeol, epicatechin, rutin, luteolin, quercetin-3-O-sophorosid, kaempferol-3-O-sophorosid, quercetin-3-O-β-glucose, stigmasterol, 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-2-on, α-sophoradiol, maltol-6-O-apiofuranosideglucopyranoside. The test on acute toxicity showed that the decoction of the leaves (DECFEU), stem (DECEC), roots (DECRA) and methanol extracts of leaves (MeOH K), stem bark (MeOH B) are considered slightly toxic substances according to the toxicity scale of Hodge and Sterner and WHO. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic extracts from the stem bark, leaves and roots have been validated en animal models. The results obtained in vitro test (antioxidant test, tests on the inhibition of the production of cellular TNF α and nitrite, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygénase) showed that the extracts exhibited effects, especially the methanol extract stem bark (MeOH B) which has the best antioxidant power (ARP = 5; TEAC = 9) and the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation (37.25 %) and lipoxygénase (97.69 %). However the methanol extract of leaves (MeOH K) presented strong inhibition at a concentration of 50 μg/mL on the production of TNF α (37.35 % and 30 %) and NO (95 % and 50 %) in the macrophages cultures active by LPS and LPS/INF-γ
Fadl, Almoulah Nahla. "Études phytochimique et biologique de cinq plantes de la famille des Solanaceae." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0184/document.
This study aimed at the evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extracts and steroidal glycoalkaloids fractions (SGAFs) of Solanum incanum L., S. schimperianum Hochst, S. nigrum L., Physalis lagascae Roem. & Schult. and Withania somnifera (L) Dunal. The sensitivity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to each extract was variable (IC50 values in the range of 15->1000 µg/mL). The methanolic extract of S. schimperianum leaf demonstrated interesting anti-proliferative activity against the human cell lines tested with IC50 values in the range of 2.69 to 19.83 µg/mL while the highest activity from the SGAFs was obtained from W. somnifera leaf with IC50 values in the range of 1.29 to 5.00 µg/mL. The SGAFs of all species demonstrated higher scavenging activity than their respective methanolic extracts. The SGAF of S. schimperianum displayed the strongest antioxidant activity in both assays with IC50 value 3.5 ± 0.2DPPH and 3.5 ±0.3ABTS µg/mL. GC-MS analysis of methanolic and SGAFs extracts of the studied species revealed the presence of steroidal alkaloids, steroidal saponins, steroids and other compounds like terpenes, phenols and alkanes. Their distribution varied among the species and thus they could provide evidence to assess preliminary chemotaxonomic relationships. Twelve known hydroxycinnamic acid amides were tentatively identified from the methanolic extract of S. schimperianum leaf and N-caffeoyl agmatine appeared with the highest intensity. Moreover, the presence of steroid alkaloids solanopubamine and solanocapsine as well as dehydroderivatives of the 3-amino steroid alkaloids was suggested. Furthermore, three compounds quercetin, kaempferol glycoside and β-sitosterol were isolated and identified. In silico investigation of these three compounds for their potency against cancer revealed that β-sitosterol was found to be the most selective compound against human pregnane X receptor (PXR) and gave the highest binding energy (-11.2 kcal/mol). These results suggested that Solanaceae plants endogenous to Sudan could be a potential source of bioactive agents
Lagnika, Latifou. "Etude phytochimique et activité biologique de substances naturelles isolées de plantes béninoises." Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/LAGNIKA_Latifou_2005.pdf.
Muhammad, Dima. "Etude phytochimique et biologique des trois Alphitonia (Rhamnaceae) endémiques à la Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMP202/document.
A collaborative project between the institute of Molecular chemistry of Reims (ICMR, UMR CNRS 7312) and the laboratory of natural substances in New Caledonia was established with the purpose to improve the phytochemical and biological evaluation of New-Caledonia endemic plants.The purification of the extracts of the leaves, stem bark and branches of A. xerocarpa and these of the fruits of A. neocaledonica led to the isolation of 48 compounds, of which 23 are new ones. The structural elucidation by 1D and 2D NMR confirmed the presence of 2 phytosterols, 19 saponins, 10 triterpens, 12 flavonoids, three glycosylated phenols, an aurone derivative, a glycosylated lignan, and a nucleoside.All hydro-alcoholique extracts showed a good DPPH radical scavenging capacity, only the butanolic extract of the fruits of A. neocaledonica was found to have anti-tyrosinase potential.Other screening tests were performed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of isolated compounds; some of them showed a high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria with a range of MIC values between (4-32 µg/ml), and a good anti-proliferative activity against KB cells
Amoussou, Nathalie. "Conception, synthèse, extraction phytochimique et étude biologique d'inhibiteurs potentiels de kinases à visées anticancéreuse." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1003.
Proteins kinases constitute a large group of enzymes that catalyze that play an essential role in the several cellular processes. Haspin, a serine/threonine kinase, is often classified as an atypical member of eukaryotic protein kinase family. The only substrate of Haspin identified to date is histone H3. Haspin plays an important role during mitosis and appears to be vital for maintaining chromosome cohesion. Due to it important role during mitosis, Haspin may have therapeutic utility in treating cancer. The aim of this work was to identify and valorize natural product as effective anti-cancer agents. This work is divided in two parts: - Firstly, we modulated a known structure to improve physico-chemical characteristics as well as biological activity. 8-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-5H-pyridazino[4,5- b]indole scaffold based on the grossularines A and B structure was designed. These new analogs were tested against many kinases and also evaluated against two human cancer cell lines. - In the second part, we studied five Beninese traditional medicine plants extracts: Amaranthus spinosus, Momordica charantia, Boerhaavia erecta, Boerhaavia diffusa and Combretum paniculatum. Phytochemical studies revealed that these plants have several active constituents. Acute toxicity studies were performed with plants extracts. After fractionation of the total extract of Combretum paniculatum, the various fractions were tested against many kinases
Dejoie, Stéphane. "Etude phytochimique et activité biologique du produit Gencix® extrait des feuilles de papayer." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0080.
Gencix® (SAS Esprit d’Ethique) is used for the maintenance and care of gums and teeth. Clinical observations reported from dentists showed that this product-integrating anaqueous Carica papaya leaf extract- showed teeth cleaning and anti-inflammatory properties. In order to understand the mechanism of action and the role of the metabolites of the plant extract, a bioguided fractionation and a dereplicative study associating LC-UV-MSn and 13C NMR were conducted. Clinical activity does not appear to be related to an antibiofilm effect. The anti-inflammatory (anti-TNF-alpha) activity is most probably associated with glycosylated flavonoids. We have been able to identify some of the active ingredients such as quercetin and kaempferol which are already known to inhibit the release of TNF-α. Other free or conjugated flavonols such as rutin, identified in the active fractions, may also contribute to the overall anti-inflammatory activity. Most notably, esters of malic and hydroxycinnamic acids were described for the first time as scaling inhibitors, particularly caffeoyl malate. This compounds probably acts in synergy with other analog compounds. The various hydroxyl and carboxylic groups present in these compounds are probably responsible for this activity by complexing Ca2+ ions. Beyond these results, these metabolites, which are newly identified as anti-scalant, appear as "green" (i. e. non-toxic, non-bioaccumulative and biodegradable) as well as environmentally friendly. Therefore, this outstanding scaling inhibition property was subjected to patent application
Trinel, Manon. "Contribution à l'étude phytochimique et à la valorisation biologique du latex de Hura crepitans L." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30243.
A collaboration between the researchers of the laboratory Pharma-Dev and the Research institute in Digestive Health has been established since several years with as main objective the therapeutic screening of new natural molecules from the plant biodiversity. In this context, the work presented in this manuscript deals with the phytochemical study of the latex of Hura crepitans L. (Euphorbiaceae) and the biological valuation of its constituents on human colorectal cancerous cell lines. The wealth in original diterpene like structures within the family of Euphorbiaceae and the role of these structural cores in the activation of Proteins Kinases C (PKC) involved in the colorectal carcinogenesis, make of H. crepitans a species with a promising therapeutic potential. In the course of this work, a dereplicative approach by UHPLC-MS/MS allowed to highlight the presence of cerebrosides and a notable wealth in daphnane type diterpene in H. crepitans. This led to the annotation of 33 daphnanes including 25 new structures. Therefore, 7 mono-esterified daphnanes (D1) and 6 di-esterified derivatives could be isolated. The biological evaluation revealed, for D1, a specific cytostatic activity on the cancerous cell line Caco-2 when compared to other non-cancerous or cancerous intestinal cell lines. This activity is inhibited by cerebrosides. The main D1, huratoxine, is cytostatic from 1 µg/ml and was showed to be more specific than 5-Fluoro-Uracile, a cytotoxic drug used as reference. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the cytostatic effects of huratoxine and phorbol ester TPA are correlated to the regulation of key signals of the colorectal carcinogenesis, particularly GSK3ß and AKT, and in cells morphological changes. Finally, we were able to identify a PKC isoenzyme as a potential target of these natural products
Bongui, Jean-Bernard. "Synthèse et activité biologique d'analogues structuraux de l'acronycine : étude phytochimique de fagara heitzii aubrev. et pellegr." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUE02NR.
Acronycine (6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-3,12-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one) exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against a panel of expérimental tumors. Unfortunately, the clinical trials of this pyranoacridone only had limited success, most probably due to its extremely low solubility in biocompatible solvents and its moderate potency. Consequently, there was interest in the search for new acronycine derivatives with increased watersolubility or/and increased potency. Previous works in that field showed that 1,2-dihydro diesters in acronycine and benzo[b]acronycine séries were more potent than the parent compound. The first part of this work, including three chapters, describes the synthesis and cytotoxic activity of benzo[b]acronycine, a new pentacyclic analogue of acronycine, of various diesters in the desmethylacronycine, desmethybenzo[b] and desmethylbenzo[c]acronycine séries, and or new acronycine isoster~ belonging to the phenanthrolinone séries, which the pyran ring is replaced by a pyridine. The new phenanthrolinone derivatives are less potent than acronycine in inhibiting L1210 cell, prolifération. In contrast, in the desmethylacronycine and desmethylbenzoacronycine séries, several compounds were markedly more potent than acronycine against L1210 cells prolifération. The profile of this séries in ternis of solid tumor selectivity is currently under investigation in expérimental models of solid tumors in vivo. The second part of thïs work relates a phytochemical study of Fagara heitzii Aubrev. And Pellegr. , a Gabonese plant of Rutaceae family, used in traditional médecine in some central Africa countries. The major métabolites isolated from bark include two triterpens, a phytosterol, and an alkaloid. Skimmianine
Bourdillat, Brigitte. "Étude phytochimique et biologique de l'arnica : Arnica montana l., mise en évidence d'un principe actif, l'hispiduline." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066389.
Bourdillat, Brigitte. "Etude phytochimique et biologique de l'arnica, Arnica montana L., Astéracées mise en évidence d'un principe actif, l'hispiduline." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596362w.
Tchokouaha, Ruben Francis. "Étude phytochimique et valorisation biologique d'Erythrina Mildbraedii Harms, plante médicinale du Cameroun de la famille des Fabaceae." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES045.
According to the research theme “pharmaceutical chemistry” from the UMR CNRS 6014 C. O. B. R. A. Of Rouen University, in collaboration with the Phytochemical Laboratory of University of Yaoundé I, phytochemical studies were conducted in order to isolate natural molecules with anticancer activity. Erythrina mildbraedii (Fabaceae) is a tropical tree. Its stem bark, seeds and roots are commonly used in village's communities for the traditional treatment of headache, toothache, venereal diseases, asthma and female sterility. A literature survey of secondary metabolites from the genus Erythrina, showed the presence of more than a hundred of flavonoïd compounds. Some flavonoïds showed biological activities including estrogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isolation and purification of compounds from the stem bark of E. Mildbraedii were performed by several chromatographic methods (CCM, CC, and CPG-MS) ; the structures were determined by physical and spectral data (UV, IR, RMN, and SM). Seventeen secondary metabolites were identified whose two are described for the first time. Nine of the isolated compounds are flavonoïds, whose two are prenylated isoflavonoïds with original structures. Three of the isolated compounds are coumarins, three are phytosteroïds, one is a fatty acid, and the last one is a carbohydrate compound. The effects of dimethylpyrano-isoflavones on the growth of MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, LNCaP prostate adenocarcinoma cells and ER-positive Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells were assessed. The results obtained from the biological activity give an interesting contribution in structure-activity relationships of the prenylated isoflavonoïd compounds in hormone-dependent adenocarcinoma
Nguyen, Phuc Dam. "Etude phytochimique de plantes de la médecine traditionnelle du Vietnam et du Laos. Evaluation biologique dans le domaine de la santé." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMP204/document.
The objective of this work is to contribute to the improvement of phytochemical and biological knowledge of medicinal plants, in order to enhance and promote their uses in traditional medicine in Vietnam. In this thesis, we carried out a phytochemical study on three plants: Cleome chelidonii (Cleomaceae) Dolichandrone spathacea (Bignoniaceae) and Flacourtia rukam (Salicaceae). 90 compounds were isolated and their structures were determinated using the spectroscopic techniques of 1D & 2D NMR and by the ESI-MS mass spectrometry, spectral data UV, IR, measurement of optical rotation and CD, and by comparison with the literature data. Among them, 29 are new molecules. The isolated compounds may be classified into many groups: flavonoids, iridoids, saponins, megastigmanes, phenolic glycosides, alkaloids...The antiradical activity of the flavonoids of C. Chelidonii was evaluated by the DPPH test, and the antimicrobial activity were examinated on all extracts and compounds of D. spathacea and F. rukam. Among the tested compounds, the new flavonoid CF-3 has a significant anti-radical activity (IC50 = 17.74 µM) and the new phenolic glucoside FRP-4 has the most significant antibacterial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria (MIC = 31.2 µg / ml) and two gram-negative bacteria (MIC = 125 µg /ml)
Merza, Joumaa. "Étude phytochimique et biologique des métabolites secondaires isolés de deux Clusiaceae néo-calédoniennes : Garcinia virgata et Garcinia vieillardii." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0504.
A phytochemical study of two New Caledonian plants Garcinia virgata and Garcinia vieillardii (Clusiaceae) led to isolate and identified of over 22 different secondary metabolites among which, xanthones, bixanthones, benzophenones, ð-tocotrienols, derivative of δ-tocotrienols and one anthraquinon were identified. 7 of these natural products are new ones. The biological interest of these compounds was then evaluated: antioxidant, antiproteolytic, antifungal, antileishmanial, anticancer, inhibition of PGP and inhibition of protein kinas
Znati, Mansour. "Investigation phytochimique et biologique d'espèces du genre Ferula : synthèse d'analogues structuraux et étude de la relation structure-activité." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30062.
Wishing to enhance not studied medicinal plants and discover new biologically and pharmacologically active natural products, we studied some volatile and non-volatile extracts of plants: Ferula tunetana and F. Lutea (Apiaceae). The chemical composition of the flower oil from F. Lutea and the leaves, seeds, stems and roots of F. Tunetana, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by combination of GC/FID, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The phytochemical investigations of flowers of F. Lutea undertaken on these two extracts using preparative liquid chromatographic column at atmospheric pressure (CC), high pressure chromatography (flash chromatography) and preparative TLC allowed us to isolate two new compounds from n-butanol (E)-5-ethylidenefuran-2(5H)-one-5-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (P1), 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enoic acid (P5 ), and three known compounds Verbenone-5-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (P2 ), methyl caffeate (P3 ) and chlorogenic acid (P4 ). We were also isolated seven compounds isolated from the first time from ethyl acetate of flowers of F. Lutea: methyle 3, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinate (P6), 3,5-O-dicafeoylquinic acid (P7), Narcissin (P8), (-)-Z-Deltoin (P9), (-)-marmesin (P10), Isoimperatorin (P11), 2,3,6 trimethyl benzaldehyde (P12). The pure compounds have had their structure elucidated using sepctroscopics methods: mass spectrometry (DCI-SM and ESI-MS) and NMR spectroscopy, 1D and 2D experiments (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY) and diffraction of X-ray for compound (P5) We isolated a good quantity of Deltoin (10) which allowed us to perform a series hémisynthesis of 1,3-dipolar to access new isoxazolines and aziridines derivatives. Within the framework of synthesizing similar natural substances, we prepared a series of novel flavonol derivatives. The biological activities of essential oils, organic extracts, pure compounds and synthesized products were evaluated by in vitro bioassays: microbiological (against various strains of bacteria and fungi), antioxidant (towards radical DPPH and ABTS), 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxic (on one human colon cancer cell lines HCT 116 and two ovary cells lines IGROV-1 and OVCAR-3) activities
Zebiri, Ilhem. "Etude phytochimique et biologique de cinq espèces de la flore péruvienne. Evaluation de leurs propriétés antileishmanienne et cytotoxique." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS043/document.
This work presents the phytochemical study of five Peruvian plants, Myrsine latifolia, M. congesta and M. sessiliflora (Primulaceae ex Myrsinaceae), Poraqueiba sericea (Icacinaceae) and Dendrobangia boliviana (Cardiopteridaceae ex Icacinaceae). The study of the three Myrsine enabled us to isolate eleven compounds already known in the literature which were tested for their antileishmanial (screening of Leishmania promastigotes luminescence) and cytotoxic activities (in vitro test on fibroblasts). The results were negative for both activities. From the stems of Poraqueiba sericea we were able to isolate eleven compounds including six triterpenes, three monodesmosides saponins described for the first time in this plant family and two secoiridoides. Various biological activities have been evaluated for these molecules: leishmanicidal, cytotoxic and anti-elastase activities. Only the last testing has suggested activities for two tripterpénoïdes and the secologanoside. From Dendrobangia boliviana fourteen saponins have been isolated including twelve novel glycosides of the serjanique or phytolaccinique acids. The analysis by LC-NMR allowed us to identify five other saponins with new structures. These compounds were tested for their biological activities and showed no hemolytic activity and three of them showed a cytotoxicity on fibroblasts. The antileishmanial test showed no activity. In bioautography (HPTLC) these saponins showed an interesting potential for different biological activities (tyrosinase, α and β-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase)
Abedini, Amin. "Evaluation biologique et phytochimique des substances naturelles d’Hyptis atrorubens Poit. (Lamiaceae), sélectionnée par un criblage d'extraits de 42 plantes." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S025/document.
This study focuses firstly on the extent of the antimicrobial activity of 42 medicinal plants that are traditionally used in Iran and Guadeloupe, against a panel of 36 pathogenic and multi-resistant bacteria and fungi. The results show presence of the antimicrobial agents in all plants.We finally selected Hyptis atrorubens Poit. which has a strong antimicrobial activity. In addition, this plant has never been studied in the literature. Phytochemical and biological analysis of the hydro-methanolic extract of stems, enabled us to find for the first time the four main active compounds of this plant: rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate, quercetin-3-glucoside (isoquercetin) and quercetin-3-galactoside (hyperoside).The antibacterial activity of these compounds was evaluated by various microbiological values (MIC, MBC, synergy, kill-time and growth curves).The best inhibitory and bactericidal activity was found for methyl rosmarinate (0.3 mg/ml).This research suggests the high potential of antimicrobial activity for a combination of all four compounds (MIC = 70 µg/ml), which is very close to MICs of antibiotics.This work presents the main compounds of Hyptis atrorubens Poit. as new antimicrobial agents and as potentially useful tools against bacteria that are more and more resistant to antibiotics
Abedini, Amin. "Evaluation biologique et phytochimique des substances naturelles d'Hyptis atrorubens Poit. (Lamiaceae), sélectionnée par un criblage d'extraits de 42 plantes." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016507.
De, Freitas Fernandez Luis Antonio. "Étude phytochimique et biologique de Billia rosea Planch & Lunden, Ulloa & Jorgensen; plante vénézuélienne appartenant à la famille SAPINDACEAE." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE004.
This thesis was carried out in the the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, in health department of the University of Burgundy and in the Laboratory of Natural products of Central University of Venezuela.This research work focused on the phytochemical study of the sedes of Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jørg, Sapindaceae family. Billia rosea seeds have traditionally been used as antidiabetic, analgesic and for the treatment of hemorrhoids and fever. In the study of this plant was isolated and characterized 10 triterpene saponins, among which 5 has a new structure in the literature of natural products (Billiosides A–E), a known analogue and 4 proposals as possible structures to the remaining isolated saponins, which must be confirmed in subsequent studies.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, et HMBC) and mass spectrometry as (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 / 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-24-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (Billioside A), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside B), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside C), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-Dglucopyranoside (Billioside D), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-Dglucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside E), and dipteroside A.The proposed structures for the other 4 isolated saponins are (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxi]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, es (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L- glucuronopyranosyl -β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]- 16,22,24,28-tetrahidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside and (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21-acetyl-22-hidroxyolean-12-en-28-yl-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside.Billiosides B and C exhibited moderate effects when tested as hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitors and as glucose intestinal absorption inhibitors, using in situ rat intestinal segments
Este trabajo de investigación, realizado en conjunto entre el Laboratorio de Farmacognosia de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, de la Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté y el Laboratorio de Productos Naturales de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Central de Venezuela; se centró en el estudio fitoquímico de las semillas de Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jørg, perteneciente a la familia Sapindaceae, utilizada tradicionalmente como antidiabético, analgésico y para el tratamiento de hemorroides y fiebre. El estudio de esta especie vegetal condujo al aislamiento y caracterización de 9 saponinas triterpénicas, entre las cuales 5 poseen una estreuctura nueva en la literatura de productos naturales (Billiosidos A–E), un análogo conocido, además de 3 propuestas como posibles estructuras a las restantes saponinas aisladas, que deben ser confirmadas en estudios posteriores. Las estructuras se elucidaros principalmente mediante el uso de RMN 1D y 2D (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, et HMBC) y espectrometría de masa como ácido (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopiranosil)oxi]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimetil-6-hidroxiocta-2,7-dienoil)oxi]-22-(acetiloxi)-24-hidroxiolean-12-en-28-oico, (Billiosido A) (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-β-D-glucopiranosil)oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido B), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-xilopiranosil)oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido C), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopiranosil) oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-yl-O-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido D), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopiranosil)oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→6)-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido E) y Dipterosido A. Las estructuras propuestas para las otras 3 saponinas aisladas son (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-β-D-glucoronopiranosil)oxi]-22-(acetiloxi)-16,24,28-trihidroxiolean-12-en-21-il-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloil)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopiranosido, (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-β-D-glucoronopiranosil)oxi]-22-(acetiloxi)-16,24,28-trihidroxiolean-12-en-21-il-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloil)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopiranosido y (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-xilopiranosil)oxi]-21-acetil-22-hidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranosido. También se evaluó la actividad inhibitoria de los Billiosidos B y C sobre la absorción intestinal de glucosa in situ en segmentos de intestinos de ratas, además de la capacidad inhibitoria de estos compuestos sobre la enzima glucosa-6-fosfatasa, implicada en la formación de glucosa. Estos Billiosidos mostraron efectos moderados en estos dos experimentos
Chaabi, Mehdi. "Étude phytochimique et biologique d’espèces végétales africaines : Euphorbia stenoclada Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae), Limoniastrum feei (Girard) Batt. (Plumbaginaceae)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/CHAABI_Mehdi_2008.pdf.
Dorla, Emmanuelle. "Étude phytochimique et propriétés bioactives de Peperomia borbonensis (Miq.) Piperaceae." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0027.
The emergence of resistant strains in infectious diseases is a major public health issue. Similarly, arthropods which caused important economic damages in tropical and subtropical areas are continuously developing resistance to chemicals. To counteract this situation, it is essential to find new bioactive molecules able to fight pests and micro-organisms. In this context a preliminary screening was performed on twenty endemic plants and native of Reunion. Twenty-six ethyl acetate extracts were tested for their antibacterial and acaricidal activities. Considering its broad spectrum of activity, Peperomia borbonensis Miq. (Piperaceae), was selected for further chemical and biological investigations. Two bio-guided fractionations were performed on its apolar extract and let to the isolation of fourteen molecules. Moreover, the study of the volatile fraction has shown the insecticidal potential of the leaf essential oil of P. borbonensis against the melon fly B. cucurbitae
Yagi, Sakina. "Etudes phytochimique et biologique de plantes soudanaises : Hydnora johannis Beccari (Hydnoraceae) et Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. (Cucurbitaceae)." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10138.
Different extracts were prepared from the roots of H. johannis and different biological tests were performed. Water extract exhibited significant activity against Enterococcus fecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus. Water extract devoid from tannin or the tannin fraction did not show any antibacterial activity reflecting the synergistic property of active compounds. Both extracts showed antifungal, antiradical capacity as well as antiglycation activity. Toxicological study of the powder and ethanol extract on rats showed toxicity to the liver and kidney tissues. Five compounds were isolated namely; 3,4,5- Trihydroxy- 6,7-dimethoxy flavone ; 3,5-Dihydroxy- 4,7- dimethoxy dihydroflavonol, Catechin, Vanillin and Protocatechuic acid. Stigmasterol, Oleic acid, Myristic acid and Palmitic acid were also identified. A study on the fruit pulps of C. lanatus var. citroides revealed that the methanolic extract displayed an antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus and E. coli. The butanolic extract showed antiradical capacity and was not toxic to brine shrimps larvae. Two compounds were isolated namely; Cucurbitacine E 2-O-[bêta]-glucopyranoside and Cucurbitacine L 2-O- [bêta] -glucopyranoside. Both compounds showed antibacterial activity against E.coli whereas, Cucurbitacine L 2-O-[bêta]-glucopyranoside showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa as well as antiradical activity
Joseph-Angélique, Josianny. "Contribution a la connaissance chimique et valorisation biologique de nectandra membranacea (swartz) grisebach de Guadeloupe." Thesis, Antilles, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANTI0006/document.
Nectandra membranacea (Lauraceae) is a very common plant in the French West Indies. No traditional use of this plant is known, but the genus Nectandra, which represents the second most important of Lauraceae family with 114 recognized species, has got analgesic, anti-inflammatory and energizing activities (Le Quesne et al 1980). Nectandra was also identified as a potential antitumor agent (Silva-Filho, 2004). Many properties of the genus, and some chemical knowledge of this species, have prompted us to perform phytochemical and biological study of different parts of the plant. Lipids and the main classes of secondary metabolites (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids) were investigated in leaves, bark and fruits of Nectandra membranacea. To determine the monitoring changes in the chemical composition, according to the life cycle of the plant, the study was carried out on samples (leaves, bark and fruits) harvested at two stages of the cycle plant : germination (stage A) and fruit stage (stage B). N. membranacea, thanks to the presence of many chemical families, has interesting biological activities. Essential oils have shown anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities. They revealed antiviral activity on the herpes virus. The polyphenolic extracts from different parts of the plant showed a high antioxidant activity (ORAC and DPPH tests) and in vitro (healthy cells) and significant anti-inflammatory properties. The total alkaloids extracted from the three parts were evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease and were found to have very good protective effects, especially the leaves’ extracts collected during germination. This work has expanded knowledge of the essential oil of the species (composition of several parts and biological activity). Flavonoids have been identified, but the plant was shown to be particularly rich in alkaloids (fifteen were identified) of indolic and isoquinolic type. N. membranacea presents many properties. In view of its interesting biological activities, it could be used for many drugs but also in cosmetic area
Tian, Wen. "Etude phytochimique de Zanthoxylum unifoliolatum T. G. Hartley, ined. : synthèse et activité biologique de dérivés aminés et d'aza-analogues de la benzo[b]acronycine." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P617.
The first part of this work describes the chemical investigation of a new neocaledonian endemic species of Zanthoxylum, Zanthoxylum unifoliolatum. From the bark of Zanthoxylum unifoliolatum T. G. Hartley, ined, were isolated one coumarin and twelve alkaloids, two furoquinolines and ten benzo[c]phenanthridines. Two compounds of the benzo[c]phenanthridine series are new and were determined on the basic of the spectral data as the 6-methoxynoravicine and the 6-methoxynornitidine. The alkaloid acronycine ( 6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-3,12-dihydro-7H-pyrano-[2,3-c]acridin-7-one ), first isolated from Acronychia baueri Schott (Rutaceae), was subsequently shown to exhibit a broad spectrum of activity against numerous experimental tumors models. Neverthless, clinical trials gave only poor results, probably due to the moderate potency of this alkaloid. Further on, structural analogues with an additional aromatic ring linearly fused on the natural alkaloid skeleton were developed, and several cis-1,2-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,3,14-trimethyl-1,2,3,14-tetrahydro-7H-benzo[b]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one diesters proved even more potent. Among them, the cis-1,2-diacetate, currently under preclinical development under the code S 23906-1, and two series of amino derivatives have been prepared. Their in vitro cytotoxic activities have been evaluated against the murine L1210 leukemia cell line and the human colon tumor HT29, and are shown to exhibit cytotoxic activities comparable to those of their benzo[b]acronycine counterparts. One of the compounds is currently evaluating in vivo against the tumors colon 38 in mice
Nguyen, Tuan Minh. "Etude phytochimique de Medicosma subsessilis T. G. HartleySynthèse et activité biologique de nouveau dérivés de la benzo[α]acronycine : relations structure-activité et mécanisme d'action." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P619.
Chemical investigation of extracts obtained from the bark of Medicosma subsessilis T. G. Hartley (Rutaceae) endemic to New Caledonia, resulted in the isolation of eleven known alkaloids together with a new pyranoacridone compound. The structure of the latter alkaloid was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and confirmed by synthesis. This compound was significantly more cytotoxic than acronycine, when tested in vitro against a human solid cell line (KB-3-1). In order to study the influence of an additional aromatic ring fused on the acridone alkaloid acronycine skeleton upon biological activity, several new derivatives of the benzo[a]acronycine 110 were synthesized. Theses compounds were tested concerning their cytotoxicity against three cell lines : L1210, KB-3-1 et KB/S. The selected (±)-cis-diacetate 111 (S 71344-1) was evaluated in vivo against colon C38 adenocarcinoma implanted in mice. This compound was highly efficient, inhibiting tumor growth by 95% at 4 mg/kg. The study of mechanism of action of (±)-cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrobenzo[a]acronycine esters and diesters showed that these compounds react, as their homologues in the benzo[b]acronycine series, by alkylation of the exocyclic N-2 amino group of guanines exposed in the minor groove of double helical DNA to give covalents adducts
Gabaston, Julien. "Stilbènes de la vigne et d’essences forestières (pin, épicéa) : Etude phytochimique et recherche d’activités anti-oomycète et insecticide." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0302/document.
Nowadays, is a priority to turn towards a more eco- and consumer friendly agriculture resulting in the reduction of the chemical inputs. In a context of a sustainable development, the investigation of natural products to fight against diseases and pests raised a renewed interest. In this thesis, hydroalcoholic extracts derived from grapevine (cane, wood, root) and forest species (spruce bark, pine knot) by-products have demonstrated to be a great source of bioactive polyphenols, and particularly in complex stilbenes. Indeed, these extracts have proved to confer a broad spectrum of activities against different major plant diseases. In particular, an oomycide potential against downy mildew of the vine and an insecticidal capacity against Solanaceae pest were reported. Furthermore, the relevant use of “green chemistry” to extract stilbenes as an alternative method of organic solvents has been highlighted. The present findings strengthen an original line of research to advance in a more sustainable viticulture and agriculture, using less toxic and biodegradable biocontrol products, being this a possible and realistic solution to combat plant pathogens
Dongfack, Jiofack Marlise Diane. "Etude phytochimique et valorisation biologique de quatre plantes camerounaises de la famille des Euphorbiaceae (Drypetes tessmanniana Pax et K. Hoffm. ) et des Moraceae (Ficus exasperata Vahl, Ficus natalensis Leprierii et Ficus cyathistipula Warburg)." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P611.
This report deals with phytochemical study and antimicrobial activities of four Cameroonian plants belong to Euphorbiaceae (Drypetes tessmanniana) and Moraceae (Ficus exasperata, Ficus natalensis and Ficus cyathistipula) family selected in base of used in traditional medicine in Cameroon and taxonomic data. This study led to the isolation by chromatographic methods (CC, MPLC and OPLC) and characterization by spectroscopic methods (NMR, Mass, UV and IR) of several metabolites. Antibacterial and antifungal tests on extract, fractions and different compounds of Drypetes tessmanniana Pax and K. Hoffm and Ficus exasperata Vahl were carried out. Isolated pentacyclic triterpenes showed moderated antimicrobial activities while l’oxypeucedanine hydrate (R) and l’oxypeucedanine hydrate (S) isolated from Ficus exasperata showed a significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Microsporum audouinii
Taafrout, Mohammed. "Contribution à l'étude phytochimique d'extraits de végétaux supérieurs à propriétés antitumorales potentielles par l'isolement et l'étude structurale des composants du bombax costatum crossopetalum rhacoma et steganotaenia araliace." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066252.
Čáková, Veronika. "Contribution à l'étude phytochimique d'orchidées tropicales : identification des constituants d'Aerides rosea et d'Acampe rigida : techniques analytiques et préparatives appliquées à Vanda coerulea et Vanda teres." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997451.
Andreu, Vanessa. "Valorisation de plantes invasives et rudérales : développement de biofongicides utilisables en phytoprotection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS004.
With the awareness of the environmental and sanitary impact of pesticides and emergence of resistance phenomena, the European regulation requirements (EU 1107/2009) supervising their marketing authorization are more and more drastic. To meet these requirements, new phytoprotection products are emerging: biopesticides also called biocontrol products. They are natural product of plant, animal or microbial origins, likely to be less persistent and more environmentally friendly than conventional pesticides.It is against this background that my thesis work aimed to develop some biopesticides from plant origin, for protection against phytopathogenic fungi for which there are no or few natural product.In this work, I selected, by ecological, economical and biological screening, two plant extracts, effective against biological targets and far less toxic against non-target organism than tested conventional pesticides.Active molecules were identified by bioguided fractionation and spectral analysis. Extracts activities have been evaluated in field test against vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and Moniliose infection (Monilinia fructigena)
Andreu, Vanessa. "Valorisation de plantes invasives et rudérales : développement de biofongicides utilisables en phytoprotection." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS004.
With the awareness of the environmental and sanitary impact of pesticides and emergence of resistance phenomena, the European regulation requirements (EU 1107/2009) supervising their marketing authorization are more and more drastic. To meet these requirements, new phytoprotection products are emerging: biopesticides also called biocontrol products. They are natural product of plant, animal or microbial origins, likely to be less persistent and more environmentally friendly than conventional pesticides.It is against this background that my thesis work aimed to develop some biopesticides from plant origin, for protection against phytopathogenic fungi for which there are no or few natural product.In this work, I selected, by ecological, economical and biological screening, two plant extracts, effective against biological targets and far less toxic against non-target organism than tested conventional pesticides.Active molecules were identified by bioguided fractionation and spectral analysis. Extracts activities have been evaluated in field test against vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and Moniliose infection (Monilinia fructigena)
Rapinski, Michel. "Ethnobotanique de la Nation crie d'Eeyou Istchee et variation géographique des plantes médicinales antidiabétiques." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10450.
Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions among Canada’s aboriginal populations and affects on average 29% of adult Cree of Eeyou Istchee (CEI). In collaboration with the Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay and the CIHR team in Traditional Antidiabetic Aboriginal Medicines, interviews were held in the CEI communities of Wemindji and Oujé-Bougoumou to identify potential antidiabetic plants. Using a quantitative approach, species mentioned were ranked and compared to the pharmacopoeia of other participating communities. Sixteen and 25 plants were mentioned in Wemindji and Oujé-Bougoumou respectively. Seven new plant and one fungal species were added to the list of potential antidiabetic species, although most of those mentioned were common to the general CEI pharmacopoeia, thus supporting the cultural importance that they hold. Phytochemical analyses of two of these species, Rhododendron groenlandicum and Sarracenia purpurea, were made from accessions harvested throughout Eeyou Istchee. While no pattern was detected in the variation of S. purpurea’s biologically active compounds, phenolic compounds from R. groenlandicum, specifically (+)-catchin, (-)-epicatechin and quercetin-3-galactoside, varied spatially as a function of insolation parameters such as solar radiation or photoperiod. Samples from the latter, tested in vitro in the 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes adipogenesis bioassay, increased the intracellular accumulation of triglycerides, thus conferring it a glitazone-like antidiabetic activity. This activity, however, was weaker in accessions with high quercetin content, which could have an impact on the quality of a natural health product made from this species.