Journal articles: 'Phytochemical of ferns'

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Selvaraj, P., J. Princy Rathnamala Jayaseeli, and Mary Ansilin. "PEST CONTROL POTENTIAL OF CYCLOSOROUS INTERRUPTUS, CHRISTELLA DENTATA AND NEPHROLEPIS CORDIFOLIA ON THE BIOLOGY OF SPODOPTERA LITURA (FAB.)." Journal of Biopesticides 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.11.1.76-81.

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The present experiment was designed to investigate the pesticididal property of the chosen ferns viz., Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H.Itô (Theylepteridaceae), Christella dentata (Willd.) (Forssk.) Brownsey et Jermy (Theylepteridaceae), and Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl. Phytochemical analysis carried out using methanol extracts of the experimental ferns revealed the presence of the secondary metabolites like alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts of the experimental ferns. The nano particles of chosen fern extracts synthesized using silver nitrate (AgNO3) showed the characteristic colour change from pale yellow to dark brown indicated the synthesis of silver based nano particles. The UV- Visible spectrum obtained for the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of the experimental ferns confirmed the synthesis of nanoparticles (433.50 nm, 447.00 nm and 444.00 nm for C. interruptus, C. dentata and N. cordifolia, respectively). Bioassay on the pesticidal property of the methanol extracts and ferns-AgNP were evaluated against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The results of the bioassay revealed the impact of methanolic extracts and their AgNP particles on the developmental period, pupal weight, percentage of pupation and adult emergence and also caused larval, pupal and adult deformities that confirm the insecticidal activity of the experimental ferns.

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Linda, Tetty Marta, Azizul Berlyansah, Bernadeta Leni Fibriarti, Nery Sofiyanti, and Silvera Devi. "Isolation and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Endophytic Bacteria of Sea Fern (Acrtostichum aureum L.) from Bengkalis Island, Riau." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i1.3104.

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Endophytic bacteria have been known to produce high levels of secondary metabolites. The sterile leaves of the sea fern (Acrostichum aureum L.) contain many phytochemical compounds. This sea fern is often found in peat swamp areas. The aim of this study was to isolate, partial characterization, and analysis of bioactive compounds from endophytic bacteria of sea ferns to determine their bioactive compounds. Endophytic bacteria were isolated by a direct technique using nutrient agar (NA) media. In this study, the endophytic bacteria were characterized by macroscopic, microscopic, and Gram. Several tests were further performed, namely phytochemical test and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT IR) FTIR tests from a crude extract of secondary metabolites of bacteria. The results of the isolation obtained six isolates of endophytic bacteria consisting of all isolates were Gram-negative. The phytochemical test results for the six isolates were positive for alkaloids and saponins but no steroids. Based on the results of phytochemical tests and FT IR, it is suspected that the isolate DSB 1.6 has similarities with the alkaloid functional group. This endophytic bacterial isolate can be developed as a candidate for produced of pharmacological compounds.

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Jarial, Rini. "Anti-lipolytic activity and phytochemical screening ofChelianthesalbomarginataagainst pathogenic microorganisms." IIUM Engineering Journal 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.819.

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ABSTRACT:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic properties of selected fern, Chelianthusalbomarginataand to identify its functional compounds. The methanolic fern-extract (MFE) of these ferns was assessed for anti-bacterial activities by measuring inhibition zones against a panel of pathogenic bacterial strains using agar diffusion method. MFE at a concentration of 25 Î¼g/ml showed marked anti-bacterial activity against all bacterial strains (6-23mm zone of inhibition) and was maximum against Enterobacter sp (23 mm). In addition, the MFE of C. albomarginatahad the best MIC values of 2.25Âµg/ml against S. aureus and Enterobacter sp., respectively. The MFE also possessed good anti-lipolytic activity (66.5%) against a porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) and cholesterol oxidase inhibition (79%). This result showed that MFE of C. albomarginataunder optimal concentrationis not only a potent source of natural anti-oxidants and anti-bacterial activity but also possesses efficient cholesterol degradation and anti-lipolytic activities, that is to be beneficial in the body weight management.

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Xavier, G. S. A., P. Selvaraj, and Nida John. "IMPACT OF PHYTOECDYSONE FRACTIONS OF THE FERNS CYCLOSOROUS INTERRUPTUS, CHRISTELLA DENTATA AND NEPHROLEPIS CORDIFOLIA ON THE BIOLOGY OF SPODOPTERA LITURA (FAB.)." Journal of Biopesticides 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.125-134.

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The preliminary phytochemical analysis of ferns viz., Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H.Itô (Theylepteridaceae), Christella dentata (Willd.) (Forssk.) Brownsey et Jermy (Theylepteridaceae), and Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl revealed the presence of the secondary metabolites like alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, phenolic compounds and terpenoids in crude extract. The characteristic colour change and the UV- Vis spectrum obtained for the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) formulation of the experimental ferns confirmed the synthesis of nanoparticles (433.50nm, 450.00nm and 444.00 nm for C. interruptus, C. dentata and N. cordifolia, respectively). The pesticidal property of the crude extracts and ferns-AgNP (Fe-AgNP) were evaluated in the laboratory on Spodoptera litura (Fab.)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) third instar larvae. The crude extract and Fe-AgNP formulations exerted their influence on the developmental period, pupation rate, pupal weight and adult emergence which were reduced significantly. They also caused larval, pupal and adult deformities that confirm the insecticidal activity of the plant.

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AM, Ismail, TO Al-Khasreji, and Maulood BK. "Flavonoids content in methanolic extract of Equisetum arvense L.(Horsetail) from Kurdistan region - Iraq." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2020.14.1.588.

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Background:The ferns are well known that they are a rich sources to bioactive compounds mainly flavonoid groups which are very important to protect these plants from environmental stresses. Objective: The object of this work is to determine chemical content (total flavonoids) in methanol extract of Equisetum arvense L. Family Equisetaceae. Methods: mature sporophyte of the fern was collected from Chemi Rezan region in Sulaimaniyah district during May 2016. The methanol extract of the fern was prepared by using Soxhulet apparatus to be used for phytochemical analysis. Resulrs: The outcome of the qualitative analysis for E. arvense extract had showed that the fern was containing active compounds which involve: alkaloids, saponins, tanins and four flavonoids which were identified as: kaempferol, aempferol-O-3- glycoside, leutolin, and querctin in E. arvense by using HPLC technique . In fact the main compound leutolin (100.6 µg/ ml) was recorded quit high concentration. The results were showed that total flavonoids made up almost (179.5 µ/ ml). Conclusion: It was found that total flavonoid have positive correlation with the environment in the studied region.

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Sulasmi, Eko Sri, Uun Rohmawati, and Achmad Makin Amin. "Comparison of Secondary Metabolite Content of Pteris vittata L. in Baluran National Park and Malang and Its Effect on Environment." El-Hayah 7, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/elha.v7i1.7240.

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Fern is cosmopolitan plants which are almost scattered in all parts of the world, one of which is found in Baluran National Park and in Malang. The potential and benefits of these ferns are quite important for agriculture and medicine because of the chemical compounds they have, especially in Pteris vitatta L. This study aimed to analyze secondary metabolites contained in P. vittata L. in Baluran National Park, Situbondo and in Malang. The samples used were leaves and rhizome P. vittata extracted using methanol 96%, followed by a qualitative test of the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, using phytochemical screening methods with several reagents. The results showed that the leaves and Rhizome P. vittata L.. in Baluran National Park, Situbondo were positively containing secondary metabolites of terpenoids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids (Dragendorf and Bouchardat reagents), whereas flavonoids were not present in all samples. However, the results of P. vitatta L. phytochemical screening around Malang State University positively contained flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids (Wagner and Dragendorf reagents). The difference in results from these two places is because the secondary metabolite content in plants is affected by stressful environmental conditions such as soil texture where it is grown or is affected by the precursors of the secondary metabolites of the metabolites.

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Torres-Benítez, Alfredo, José Erick Ortega-Valencia, Mathias Flores-González, Marta Sánchez, Mario J. Simirgiotis, and María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos. "Phytochemical Characterization and In Vitro and In Silico Biological Studies from Ferns of Genus Blechnum (Blechnaceae, Polypodiales)." Antioxidants 12, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030540.

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The genus Blechnum represents one of the most ecologically and therapeutically important groups of ferns that grow in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. In this work, the chemical fingerprint of lyophilized extracts of Blechnum chilense, B. hastatum, B. magellanicum and B. penna-marina species, the determination of their antioxidant activity through ORAC, FRAP and DPPH assays and inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes (AChE and BChE), and an in silico analysis of selected majority compounds on cholinesterase enzymes were identified. Nineteen compounds were recorded for B. chilense, nine in B. hastatum, seventeen in B. magellanicum and seventeen in B. penna-marina by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). The content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition were variable among species, with best results for B. penna-marina. Molecular docking evidenced low toxicities, significant pharmacokinetic properties, and significant binding affinities of the tested compounds for the AChE and BChE enzymes. These fern species show high diversity of bioactive compounds and represent a promising resource in phytotherapy, especially for their optimal levels of phenolic compounds that support their antioxidant activity.

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De Britto, A. John, D. Herin Sheeba Gracelin, and P. Benjamin Jeya Rathna Kumar. "Phytochemical studies on five medicinal ferns collected from Southern Western Ghats, Tamilnadu." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2, no. 2 (February 2012): S536—S538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60268-8.

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D, Sowmiya, Surya Kumar S, Rehanabanu H, and SanthanaBharathi N. "INSECTICIDAL POTENTIAL OF CERTAIN COMMON FERNS ON RUGOSE SPIRALLING WHITEFLY, ALEURODICUS RUGIOPERCULATUS MARTIN (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE)." Journal of Biopesticides 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.15.1.50-58.

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There is a search for plant based alternatives to synthetic chemicals to control pests in crop plants were started from any years back. In this study, the efficacy of common ferns to control the whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in coconut plantation was investigated. The whiteflies are prevalent throughout the year in the coconut fields and cause severe losses to the farmers. Ferns such as Adiantum caudatum, Hemionitis opposita, Pteris biaurita, Thelypteris meeboldii and Nephrolepis cordifoliawere evaluated for their efficacy in the control of the whitefly, A. rugioperculatus. The aqueous extracts of the ferns were screened at different concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0% against A. rugioperculatus under laboratory conditions. Extracts from H. opposita and Thelypteris meeboldii showed the maximum mortality rate of 87% followed by Nephrolepis cordifolia (86%), Adiantum caudatum (83%) and Pteris biaurita (77%) at 5% concentration after 96 hours of treatment. The phytochemical screening of the extracts showed a qualitatively increased level of saponins in H. opposita and T. meeboldii. Reduced chlorophyll, carbohydrate and amino acid content were observed in the whitefly's infested leaves and increased protein content was observed in the infested leaves. Based on the study, the aqueous extracts of H. opposita and T. meeboldii can be recommended for the whitefly control in coconut plantations

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Semwal, Prabhakar, Sakshi Painuli, Kartik M. Painuli, Gizem Antika, Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer, Ashish Thapliyal, William N. Setzer, et al. "Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.: Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Overview of the Himalayan Ferns." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (September 2, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1917890.

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The genus Diplazium (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild vegetable in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan communities. According to the literature analysis, D. esculentum was traditionally used for the prevention or treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, smallpox, asthma, diarrhea, rheumatism, dysentery, headache, fever, wounds, pain, measles, hypertension, constipation, oligospermia, bone fracture, and glandular swellings. Various extracts of D. esculentum were evaluated to elucidate their phytochemical and pharmacological activities. A wide array of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, CNS stimulant, and antianaphylactic activities have been recognized in different parts of D. esculentum. The review covers a systematic examination of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of D. esculentum, but scientifically, it is not fully assessed regarding complete therapeutic effects, toxicity, and safety in the human body. The published literature on D. esculentum and its therapeutic properties were collected from different search engines including Wiley online, PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ACS publications by using specific terms such as “Diplazium esculentum, bioactive compounds, biological activities and health benefits” from 1984 to 2021 (March). Therefore, further studies are required to identify the detailed action mechanism of D. esculentum in vitro/in vivo, and also, more studies should focus on conservation, cultivation, and sustainable utilization of the species.

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Rathnamala Jayaseeli J, Princy, Selvaraj P, Sherlin John J, and Velankanny M. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PESTICIDAL EFFICACY OF PHYTOECDYSTEROID FRACTION OF A FERN PITYROGRAMMA CALOMELANOS (L.) LINK AGAINST SPODOPTERA LITURA (FABRICIUS.)." Journal of Biopesticides 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.15.1.73-81.

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Lepidopteran insect pests voraciously feed the vegetable crops and causes yield loss every year. Chemical insecticides widely used to control the destructive pest incidence which heavily affects the beneficial and non-target organisms and in the mean time, pests developed resistance. Biopesticides are being developed to minimize these ill effects. Plants synthesize secondary metabolites to prevent from biotic and abiotic stresses. More than 27 families of pteridophyta (ferns) are reported with phytoecdysteroids (PEs). PEs are analogues of insect moulting hormone and acts as insect growth regulators (IGRs). The present study aimed to isolate the phytoecdysteroid fraction from the fern, Pityrogramma calomelanos, preliminary screening of phytochemicals using standard protocols including UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis and survival, growth and developmental periods of Spodoptera litura treated with phytoecdysteroid fraction. Steroids and phenolic compounds were present in the fraction and six prominent peaks were recorded between the wavelength of 200-800nm. Spodoptera litura larvae treated with phytoecdysteroid fraction showed maximum larval mortality (68%) in 2000ppm (LC50 = 1473ppm; F = 48.65; p = 0.049). Pupation, pupal weight and adult emergence were decreased in higher concentrations. Pupal mortality was relatively high in treated group than control (2.04%). Larvae treated with minimal concentrations exhibited developmental deformities includes larval - pupal, pupal -adult intermediates, deformed pupae, ecdysial failure, adultoids, early/late developmental periods and it may due to the interaction of phytoecdysteroid fraction to the insect endocrine system. Therefore, phytoecdysteroid mediated biopesticide formulation could be the better alternative to commercial chemical insecticides under IPM programme.

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M.Ismail, Abbas, S. H. Al-Majmaie, and Z. A. Ali. "A Comparative Study on Flavonoid Content of Cheilanthes Pteridioides (Richard.) C. Chr.1905 in Two Different Districts -Iraq." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.08.

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The studied regions were comprised of Erbil and Garmian districts, there were differences in geographic locations and habitat. The collected ferns were from 1st in Mallakan region, and 2nd in Kalar region from Erbil and Garmian districts respectively. Four active compounds qualitatively (flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins) were screened in two studied regions. Flavonoid compounds screened in the Mallakan region represent four flavonoids which were: Myrectin, Kaempferole and Rutine , but in Kalar region represent: Kaempherol, Myrectin, Qurectin and Rutin. A phytochemical quantitative study revealed that total flavonoids in Kalar region (540 μg/ml) were higher than total flavonoids in the Mallakan region (280 μg/ml). The study aimed to determine the flavonoids of Cheilanthes pteridioids (Richard) C. Chr. (Pteridaceae) in two different districts North of Iraq.

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Goswami, Hit Kishore, Kakali Sen, and Radhanath Mukhopadhyay. "Pteridophytes: evolutionary boon as medicinal plants." Plant Genetic Resources 14, no. 4 (September 28, 2016): 328–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262116000290.

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AbstractSelective use of crude plant extracts has been the oldest ritual in ancient Indian Medicinal System ‘Ayurveda’, as well as in Traditional Chinese Medicine system for thousands of years. This has been well documented that herbal medicines of Chinese, Indian, Korean and Native American people had included bryophytes, lichens, lycophytes and ferns. Since antiquity, most of the ferns and fern allies have given many health benefits to ancient civilizations who had used them for food, tea and drugs. Modern approaches have combined multidisciplinary technologies and have specific chemical compounds extracted and identified for producing very particulate medicines from plant parts. Plants, which yield appreciable quality and quantity of polysaccharides, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and antibiotics are suitable for dragging out drugs for many ailments/diseases, including cancer treatments. Modern explorations on the functional activities of pteridophytes for human health by discovering specific compounds and their usage in medicines have widened the scope of pteridophytes by shaping these plants as a great boon for pharmaceutical companies and related industries. Even ‘fern weeds’, which invade our freshwater bodies and reduce the freshwater wealth of a lake, e.g. Azolla, Salvinia, Marsilea, Ceratopteris, etc. can be utilized to produce life saving drugs because they are reservoirs of very many organic compounds that are useful as medicines. Some of the fern genera have a few unique secondary metabolites, which have not been discovered in higher plants. Polyphenols are useful phytochemicals, which provide health benefits such as antioxidants. From experiments on screening of total polyphenol contents of 37 ferns and fern allies, Polystichum lepidocaulon and Polystichum polyblepharum were reported to have more than 13% of total polyphenols from dried materials of both fronds and rhizomes. In addition, fronds of Davallia mariesii and rhizomes of Cyrtomium fortune, Dicranopteris pedata, Athyrium niponicum and Dryopteris nipponensis showed more than 10% of total polyphenols from dried materials. High bioactivities of traditional medicinal ferns have been studied internationally to underscore their roles in medicine. These attempts have confirmed various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-HIV, etc. The occurrence of antibiotic activity in the extracts of more than 200 species of pteridophytes has been shown to be of prime significance within the period of 1975–2015. The active substances in many cases were found to be antibacterial to penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium phlei, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholera, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dryopteris cochleata was active against both bacteria and fungi. Five other species of Dryopteris showed remarkable antibacterial activity. The ferns of ‘Adiantum group’ have been found to be particularly active against Gram-positive bacteria. The polypodiaceous ferns constitute a rich group of which Microsorum alternifolium, Leptochillus decurrens, Polypodium irioides, Pyrrosia mannii and Phymatodes ebenipes deserve special mention. Several thelypteroid, davallioid and athyrioid ferns, in addition to antibiotic activity have also been found to show most useful bioactivity for our life – the antioxidant activity. The latter superb biochemical quality of ferns alone makes most ferns of great advantage to human health. Lycophytes particularly Lycopodium clavatum and Equisetum hyemale and ferns (Dryopteris and Adiantums) have had constituted the backbone of Homeopathic medicines and now many more genera have been added to the network of modern medicinal approaches in the drug industry. These pteridophytes are indispensably integral parts of forests world over. A few of the aquatic ferns (Azolla, Salvinia) serve as excellent bio-fertilizers and bioremediation agents. Medicinal plants are under cultivation and cultured world over. Botanically, say a thousand years ago, these were wild and many of them were weeds. As pteridophytes have survived since Paleozoic, they have undergone series of disruptive adaptive changes of environment than any other vascular plants. These plants most likely, could withstand the tests of geological time on account of their being guarded with genetic capability of possessing many useful oils, phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, varieties of amino acids and fatty acids, which in turn offer inherent tolerance and defense system . Additionally, from evolutionary point of view majority of ferns have constituted carpet flora and have worked as ‘cradles’ in natural forests so as to nurture small animals particularly reptiles and mammals. Ferns are denominators of prevalent rich biodiversity in almost every part of the earth. Comparison of evolutionary adaptations and natural innovations illuminate the genetic basis for the development of organisms. It is emphasized that there should be good field stations just in the peripheral region of reserved forests with large green houses to function as ‘Fernariums/ Mossariums/ and/or Lichenariums’ to conserve and maintain rare, endangered and medicinally superlative species found in those areas/forests. Gene networks (DNA stretches) that retain similar wiring diagrams (some or many similar DNA sequences) among related, distantly related or even totally diverse organisms point to the ways in which regulatory regions of the genome have evolved. Indisputably, comparative genomics can help us in deciphering evolvability of gene network and conservation modes during vast geological journey in evolution. We need exhaustive genomics and multidimensional molecular genetic studies on pteridophytes so as to discover unique DNA sequences, which could turn the gates of modern medicine.

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Shrestha, Shyam Sharan, Stefania Sut, Serena Barbon Di Marco, Gokhan Zengin, Valentina Gandin, Michele De Franco, Deepak Raj Pant, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, Stefano Dall’Acqua, and Sangeeta Rajbhandary. "Phytochemical Fingerprinting and In Vitro Bioassays of the Ethnomedicinal Fern Tectaria coadunata (J. Smith) C. Christensen from Central Nepal." Molecules 24, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 4457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244457.

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Tectaria coadunata, an ethnomedicinal fern used in Nepal to treat a large number of diseases, has been poorly studied with regard to its phytochemical composition and possible bioactivity. This study was performed with the aim of supporting traditional medicine as a new source of bioactive constituents. Phytochemical compositions of methanol extracts were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography–diode array detector–mass spectrophotometry (LC-DAD-MS), and liquid chromatography–fluorescence–mass spectrometry. Quali-quantitative data revealed large amount of procyanidins, mainly of the A-type, as well as eriodictyol-7-O-glucuronide and luteolin-7-O-glucoronide as main constituents. The antioxidant, cytotoxic, and inhibitory activity of five enzymes that are implicated in human diseases was evaluated for the extract and fractions. High free-radical scavenging activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays and inhibitory activities against cholinesterases and tyrosinase were observed. Furthermore, a moderate cytotoxic effect was observed on the 2008 and BxPC3 cell lines. Overall results showed potential usefulness of this fern as a source of phytochemicals for pharmaceutical uses.

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Farràs, Adrià, Víctor López, Filippo Maggi, Giovanni Caprioli, María Pilar Vinardell, and Montserrat Mitjans. "Chemical Composition and Cytoprotective Activities of Methanolic Extract of Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. (Aspleniaceae)." Horticulturae 8, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090815.

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Ferns can be a source of polyphenolic compounds, with the fronds being the main parts described in ethnopharmacological studies. The present study screened polyphenolic phytochemicals and evaluated in vitro activities of a methanolic extract of Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. fronds (AAM), an Aspleniaceae fern collected from the Prades mountains (Tarragona, Spain). Phytocharacterization by HPLC-MS/MS confirmed that the major flavonoids isolated in AAM are flavanols while the major phytochemicals are phenol acids, with chlorogenic acid being the most representative one. Cytotoxicity, cytoprotection, cellular repair activity, and phototoxicity were determined in vitro in the presence of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL of the extract. No cytotoxicity was obtained in any of the cell lines tested: non-tumoral (3T3 and HaCaT) and tumoral (HeLa, HepG2, and A549) cells. Additionally, the polyphenolic extract showed greater protective effect against H2O2 in 3T3 than HaCaT cells. Despite the low total phenolic content of AAM (1405.68 mg phenolic phytochemicals/kg dry extract), the cytoprotective activity of this extract could be associated with the synergistic antioxidant action of their polyphenolic profile. In addition, the extract did not present phototoxicity against the non-cytotoxic 1.8 J/cm2 dose of UVA light in both non-tumoral cell lines.

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Saloni, Saloni, and Sarika Suresh. "Assessment of Anti-biofilm Activity of Ferns Against Nosocomial Pathogenic Bacteria." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 1717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2750.

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The rapid increase in drug resistance in nosocomial pathogens has warranted the search for novel treatment strategies. Targeting quorum sensing (QS) found in bacteria is opined as an alluring method as many pathogenic bacteria employ QS to modulate their virulence. Plants with an enchanting repertoire of phytochemicals can serve as the source for anti-QS compounds. Ferns, the vascular plants have been reported to be used for treating various ailments in traditional systems of medicine. Although some studies have described the antibacterial activity of ferns, to the best of our knowledge there are no investigations carried out to explore their anti-QS potential. Against this background, the current investigation aimed at identifying the anti-QS activity of ferns in inhibiting biofilm formation in selected nosocomial pathogens. Of the several ferns tested, hexane extract of Psilotumnudum leaf and ethanol extract of Cheilanthestenuifolia leaf exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus and E. coli respectively. There was a marked reduction in biofilm formation of approximately 80%. The presence of anti-QS compounds in these ferns paves way for further research to isolate and identify them.

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Uwumarongie, O. H., and E. Dowe. "Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Evaluation of Leaf Extracts of Nephrolepis undulata Afzel. Ex Sw. (Nephrolepidaceae) against selected Fungi." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 9 (October 2, 2023): 1959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i9.9.

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Nephrolepis undulata (sword fern) is a medicinal plant used traditionally for treatment of various ailments including stomach ache, infections and cough. Therefore, the objective of this study is to undertake a phytochemical screening and antifungal activity evaluation of leaf extracts of Nephrolepis undulata Afzel. Ex Sw. (Nephrolepidaceae) against selected fungi (Aspergilus fumigatus, Rhodotorula mucilagenosa, Trichophyton rubrum, Mucor indicus, Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans) using appropriate methods. Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods of analyses while antifungal evaluation of the extracts was done using the agar diffusion method. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthracene derivative, carbohydrate, flavonoid and saponin in the methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts. Tannins was present in the methanol extract but absent in chloroform and petroleum ether extracts. The antifungal sensitivity test revealed that the extracts had concentration dependent inhibitory activities against the clinical isolates used in the study; with the methanol extract having the best and broadest spectrum of activity. It had the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.3 mg/mL against A. fumigatus. However, its activity was only next to Ketoconazole, the reference drug. The extracts contained active phytochemicals which may be responsible for the varied antifungal actions of the extracts. These positive finding validates the ethnomedicinal application of the plant in the management of various ailments and further demonstrates the applicability of the plant as a possible raw material, in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Balasubramanian, R., P. Selvaraj, and K. Sahayaraj. "PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOECDYSONE FROM CHRYSTELLA PARASITICA (L.) AND SCREENING ITS PESTICIDAL PROPERTIES ON LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS." Journal of Biopesticides 01, no. 02 (December 1, 2008): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.1.2.201-205.

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ABSTRACT In the present study the fern Chrystella parasitica (L.) Khun (Deunstaedtiaceae : Pteridophyceae) endemic to Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu was screened for its phytochemical constituents and evaluated its pesticidal properties against two lepidopteran pests viz., Spodoptera litura (Fab.) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.). The phytochemical constituents were extracted with two organic solvents such as chloroform and ethanol, then used for the isolation of phytoecdysteroids following the method of CSIRO, Australia. The extracts/fractions those recorded phytoecdysteroids were used for bioefficacy studies. The results of the preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that all the fractions except AF contains steroids. Among the other groups of phytochemicals, saponins and santhoprotiens were recorded in CE, EE and AF fractions and tannins and flavonoids in EE and AF. HPLC results of the phytoecdysone characterization revealed that C. parasitica contains two major phytoecdysteroids α and β–ecdysteroids. It shows α-ecdysone in CE and -ecdysone in EE and CEF fractions. Among the three extracts/ fractions screened for their pesticidal properties, EE recorded highest toxicity against the experimental insects followed by CEF and CE. Comparative studies between the two lepidopterans, H. armigera proved to be more susceptible than S. litura. The different extracts/fractions exerted different levels of impact on these experimental insects, as evident from the percent mortality, larval, pupal and adult developmental period, percent adult emergence, and developmental abonormalities. The deformities include larval-pupal intermediates, short and stumpy wings, retention of larval/pupal exuvia, head capsule etc.

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A., Jha, and Bansal Y. K. "ESTIMATION OF SOME SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM THE IN VITRO CULTURES OF CHLOROPHYTUM BORIVILIANUM SANT. Et. FERN." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i1.20757.

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Objective: To perform phytochemical screening, estimate total saponins and to study the secondary metabolite profiling of Chlorophytum borivilianum by ESI-MS (Electron spray ionisation-mass spectroscopy) and GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) techniques.Methods: The powdered samples of leaves and roots (nature grown and freshly harvested and hardened in vitro regenerated) and callus of Chlorophytum borivilianum (2 g) were extracted exhaustively by soxhlet by refluxing with petroleum ether (60-80 °C) and then with ethanol (85%). Alternatively, the methanol extract was prepared for the samples by the cold maceration method and the filtered extract was used. This extract was further analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and characterize the chemical compounds present in the crude extracts. Vanillin sulphuric acid assay was done to estimate the total saponin content of extracts.Results: Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract showed the presence of major classes of phytochemicals. The spectrophotometric analysis as well as the GC-MS results revealed the remarkably high percentage of saponin content in the in vitro roots. Besides this, many important secondary metabolites viz. β-Sitosterol and Taraxerone were also revealed by GC-MS.Conclusion: Results of this study showed enhanced production of many important secondary metabolites, especially saponins in tubers of in vitro regenerated plantlets vis a vis that of the nature grown plants establishing the fact that micropropagation can pave new vistas for the research in phytopharmaceuticals and bioprospecting of rare and important medicinal plants.

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Sher, Jan, Gul Jan, Muhammad Israr, Muhammad Irfan, Nighat Yousuf, Fazal Ullah, Abdur Rauf, Abdulrahman Alshammari, and Metab Alharbi. "Biological Characterization of Polystichum lonchitis L. for Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities in Swiss Albino Mice Model." Plants 12, no. 7 (March 27, 2023): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12071455.

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Polystichum lonchitis L. is a fern belonging to the family Dryopteridaceae. The present study was conducted to evaluate its pharmacological, antioxidant, and phytochemical properties, and to conduct GC–MS screening of P. lonchitis. The acetic acid-induced writhing test, yeast-induced hyperpyrexia method, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, and charcoal meal test model were carried out to assess analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic activity, respectively. DPPH was used as an antioxidant, while the phytochemical screening was conducted using standard scientific methods. Among the pharmacological activities, the most significant effects were observed in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, followed by the antipyretic and antispasmodic activities, at a dose of 450 mg/kg after the 4th hour, compared with 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. For the evaluation of antioxidant activities, the most significant results were detected in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. The detection of flavonoids and phenol occurred most significantly in the methanolic extract, and then in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The main compounds detected using GC–MS analysis with a high metabolic rate was 𝛼-D-Galactopyranoside, which had a metabolic rate of 0.851, and methyl and n-hexadecanoic, which had a metabolic rate of 0.972. Overall, the results suggested that P. lonchitis had a strong potential for pharmacological activities. The suggested assessment provided a way to isolate the bioactive constituents and will help to provide new medicines with fewer side effects. Due to the fern’s effectiveness against various diseases, the results provide clear evidence that they also have the potential to cure various diseases.

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Tomou, Ekaterina-Michaela, and Helen Skaltsa. "Phytochemical Investigation of the Fern Asplenium ceterach (Aspleniaceae)." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 7 (July 2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300715.

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The fern Asplenium ceterach L. (syn. Ceterach officinarum Willd.) is used in local traditional medicine against kidney stones, gallstones, to facilitate diuresis and to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. The aim of this study was first to investigate the chemical composition of this fern and then to study the chemical profile of the herbal preparations used in local medicine due to its diuretic properties. In total, nine secondary metabolites from the methanol extract of the aerial parts have been isolated; three flavonoids, namely kaempherol-3- O- β-D-gentiobioside (1), quercetin-3- O- β-D-glucuronide (2), quercetin-3- O- β-D-gentiobioside (3), three phenolic acids, i.e. caffeic acid (4), chlorogenic acid (5) and p-coumaroyl-4- O- β-D-glucoside (6), as well as three phenols, 4-vinyl-phenol-1- O- β-D-glucopyranoside (7), 3-(1- O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid (8), and 4- β- O-D-glucosyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (9). Moreover, the cyclohexane residue has been submitted to GC-MS and NMR analyses and revealed the presence of ethyl esters of palmitic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Finally, based on NMR, TLC and HPLC analyses, it was evident that the chemical fingerprints of all herbal preparations were quite similar, with chlorogenic acid being the main compound and caffeic acid present only in traces.

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Mary, F. Johnsy, Dr M. Senthil Kumar, E. Vijaykumar, G. Yadeshwaran, V. Yamuna, and E. Yuvalakshmi. "Nephrolepis cordifolia: A Review on the fern." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09689.

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Worldwide, not only is microbiological drug resistance increasing, but so is the burden of liver disease, with approximately 1 million deaths due to liver cirrhosis each year, as well as another 1 million deaths due to viral hepatitis and hepatocellular cancer, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Many studies have discovered that plant-based phytochemical components such as oleanolic acid, eugenol, and -ionone are effective against a variety of drug-resistant microorganisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, among others, and that oleanolic acid and -sitosterol derivatives are In the Himalayan wild fern, Nephrolepis cordifolia, all of these compounds have been shown to be beneficial. A variety of phytochemical compounds found naturally in the Himalayan wild fern Nephrolepis cordifolia (Pani Amla) were investigated in this study, with particular emphasis on their antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer (anti-tumour), and hepatoprotective properties.

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Cao, Hui, Tsun-Thai Chai, Xin Wang, Maria Flaviana B. Morais-Braga, Jing-Hua Yang, Fai-Chu Wong, Ruibing Wang, et al. "Phytochemicals from fern species: potential for medicine applications." Phytochemistry Reviews 16, no. 3 (January 28, 2017): 379–440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-016-9488-7.

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Kongsung, Sirawit, Woorawee Inthachat, Boonrat Chantong, Uthaiwan Suttisansanee, Nattira On-Nom, Chaowanee Chupeerach, Sirinapa Thangsiri, Pornsiri Pitchakarn, and Piya Temviriyanukul. "Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Phytochemical Extraction from Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. Associated with Its Antioxidant and Anti-Alzheimer’s Properties." Molecules 29, no. 10 (May 8, 2024): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102204.

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A previous study reported that the ethanolic extract of the edible fern, Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. (DE), obtained from a non-optimized extraction condition exhibited anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) properties through the inhibition of a rate-limiting enzyme in amyloid peptide formation, β-secretase-1 (BACE-1). Nevertheless, a non-optimized or suboptimal extraction may lead to several issues, such as a reduction in extraction efficiency and increased time and plant materials. In this study, extraction of the DE was optimized to obtain appropriate BACE-1 inhibition using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Data revealed that the optimal extraction condition was 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol, 50 min extraction time, 30 °C extraction temperature, and 1:30 g/mL solid/liquid ratio, giving BACE-1 inhibition at 56.33%. In addition, the extract also exhibited significant antioxidant activities compared to the non-optimized extraction. Metabolomic phytochemical profiles and targeted phytochemical analyses showed that kaempferol, quercetin, and their derivatives as well as rosmarinic acid were abundant in the extract. The optimized DE extract also acted synergistically with donepezil, an AD drug suppressing BACE-1 activities. Data received from Drosophila-expressing human amyloid precursor proteins (APPs) and BACE-1, representing the amyloid hypothesis, showed that the optimized DE extract penetrated the fly brains, suppressed BACE-1 activities, and improved locomotor functions. The extract quenched the expression of glutathione S transferase D1 (GSTD1), inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE-1), and molecular chaperone-binding immunoglobulin (Bip), while donepezil suppressed these genes and other genes involved in antioxidant and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, including superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). To sum up, the optimized extraction condition reduced extraction time while resulting in higher phytochemicals, antioxidants, and BACE-1 inhibitors.

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Bahadır-Acıkara, Özlem, Serkan Özbilgin, Gülcin Saltan-İşcan, Stefano Dall’Acqua, Veronika Rjašková, Fevzi Özgökçe, Václav Suchý, and Karel Šmejkal. "Phytochemical Analysis of Podospermum and Scorzonera n-Hexane Extracts and the HPLC Quantitation of Triterpenes." Molecules 23, no. 7 (July 21, 2018): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071813.

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Previously tested n-hexane extracts of the Scorzonera latifolia showed promising bioactivity in vivo. Because triterpenes could account for this activity, n-hexane extracts were analyzed by HPLC to identify and quantify the triterpenes as the most abundant constituents. Other Scorzonera and Podospermum species, potentially containing triterpenic aglycones, were included in the study. An HPLC method for simultaneous determination of triterpene aglycones was therefore developed for analysis of Podospermum and Scorzonera species. n-Hexane extracts of root and aerial parts of S. latifolia, ten other Scorzonera species and two Podospermum species were studied to compare the content of triterpenes. HPLC was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of α-amyrin, lupeol, lupeol acetate, taraxasteryl acetate, 3-β-hydroxy-fern-7-en-6-one acetate, urs-12-en-11-one-3-acetyl, 3-β-hydroxy-fern-8-en-7-one acetate, and olean-12-en-11-one-3-acetyl. Limits of detection and quantification were determined for each compound. HPLC fingerprinting of n-hexane extracts of Podospermum and Scorzonera species revealed relatively large amounts of triterpenes in a majority of investigated taxa. Lupeol, lupeol acetate, and taraxasteryl acetate were found in a majority of the species, except S. acuminata. The presence of α-amyrin, 3β-hydroxy-fern-7-en-6-one-acetate, urs-12-en-11-one-3-acetyl, 3β-hydroxy-fern-8-en-7-one-acetate, and olean-12-en-11-one-3-acetyl was detected in varying amounts. The triterpene content could correlate with the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Scorzonera, which was previously observed and Scorzonera species that have been determined to contain triterpenes in large amounts and have not yet been tested for their analgesic activity should be tested for their potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. The presented HPLC method can be used for analysis of triterpene aglycones, for example dedicated to chemosystematic studies of the Scorzonerinae.

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Halimatussakdiah, Halimatussakdiah, Ulil Amna, and Puji Wahyuningsih. "PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EDIBLE FERN (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) EXTRACT AGAINST Culex." Jurnal Natural 18, no. 3 (October 4, 2018): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v0i0.11335.

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Mosquito is one of insects spreading the vector of serious diseases to human being through its bite such as Culex which spreads the vector of filariasis and brain inflammatory diseases. Some people have used plants as insecticides traditionally, such as fern (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.). D. esculentum (Retz.) Sw. popularly known as edible fern which almost all Asian people, especially Indonesian consumed it as vegetable, and some people also used it for medicinal purposes. This study was performed to investigate the secondary metabolites from D. esculentum leaves and its larvicidal activity against Culex. The phytochemical screening was undertaken on the leaves and methanol extract of D. esculentum, the results showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, and tannins on leaves, while methanol extract exhibited existence of steroids, saponins, phenols and tannins. Investigation of larvicidal activity of methanol extract was carried out against Culex larvaes for various concentrations which observed for 48 hours. Percentage of mortality was analyzed statistically using Bill Test method that showed active larvicidal activity with a LC50 value of 149.279 ppm. This study indicates that fern plant have the potential as larvicidal against Culex and need to perform the further research to develop the new natural insecticides.

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Halimatussakdiah, Halimatussakdiah, Ulil Amna, and Puji Wahyuningsih. "PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EDIBLE FERN (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) EXTRACT AGAINST Culex." Jurnal Natural 18, no. 3 (October 4, 2018): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v18i3.11335.

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Mosquito is one of insects spreading the vector of serious diseases to human being through its bite such as Culex which spreads the vector of filariasis and brain inflammatory diseases. Some people have used plants as insecticides traditionally, such as fern (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.). D. esculentum (Retz.) Sw. popularly known as edible fern which almost all Asian people, especially Indonesian consumed it as vegetable, and some people also used it for medicinal purposes. This study was performed to investigate the secondary metabolites from D. esculentum leaves and its larvicidal activity against Culex. The phytochemical screening was undertaken on the leaves and methanol extract of D. esculentum, the results showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, and tannins on leaves, while methanol extract exhibited existence of steroids, saponins, phenols and tannins. Investigation of larvicidal activity of methanol extract was carried out against Culex larvaes for various concentrations which observed for 48 hours. Percentage of mortality was analyzed statistically using Bill Test method that showed active larvicidal activity with a LC50 value of 149.279 ppm. This study indicates that fern plant have the potential as larvicidal against Culex and need to perform the further research to develop the new natural insecticides.

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Elasbali, Abdelbaset Mohamed, Waleed Abu Al-Soud, Ziad H. Al-Oanzi, Husam Qanash, Bandar Alharbi, Naif K. Binsaleh, Mousa Alreshidi, Mitesh Patel, and Mohd Adnan. "Cytotoxic Activity, Cell Cycle Inhibition, and Apoptosis-Inducing Potential of Athyrium hohenackerianum (Lady Fern) with Its Phytochemical Profiling." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (June 2, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2055773.

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In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of Athyrium hohenackerianum ethanolic extract (AHEE) on the proliferation of breast, lung, and colon cancer cells. The AHEE was tested for its effect on the progression of the cell cycle, followed by induction of apoptosis determination by flow cytometry. Real-time qRT-PCR was also utilized to observe the initiation of apoptosis. In addition, GC-MS was performed in order to identify the active phytochemicals present in the AHEE. A cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 123.90 μg/mL against HCT-116 colon cancer cells was exhibited by AHEE. Following propidium iodide staining, annexin-V/PI, and clonogenic assays, AHEE treatment results in cell arrest in the S phase, causing an increase in the early and late phases of apoptosis and displaying antiproliferative potential, respectively. The morphological alterations were further monitored using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. When compared with the control cells, features of apoptotic cell death, including nuclear fragmentation, in the AHEE-treated cells were noticed. The apoptosis was also confirmed by detecting the increased expression of p53 and caspase-3 along with the downregulation of Bcl-2. GC-MS analysis revealed that trans-linalool oxide, loliolide, phytol, 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide, and gamma-sitosterol were the major phytochemical constituents. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that AHEE causes cellular death via apoptosis, which should be further explored for the identification of active compounds responsible for these observed effects. Therefore, AHEE can be used in the pharmaceutical development of anticancer agents for cancer therapeutics.

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M.V, Jeeshna. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF FERN, LYGODIUM FLEXUOSUM (LINN) SW." Kongunadu Research Journal 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj183.

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The present study revealed the presence of many medicinally active constituent in Lygodium flexuosum, suggesting that this species have potential to synthesize useful secondary metabolites. In this studies two different types (vegetative material and sporophyll bearing type) of this species showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols and glycosides. In which vegetative material showed the presence of all secondary metabolites. The low polar solvent extracts such as petroleum ether and acetone showed minimum presence of secondary metabolites. The antibacterial studies revealed that methanol extracts of sporophyll type exhibited significant activity (8.5 mm) against the bacterium, Klebsiella pneumonia. The next antibacterial activity showed by chloroform extracts of sporophyll type against the same bacteria (8.2 mm). In antifungal studies, methanol extracts of vegetative material has the highest inhibitory activity (19.3 mm) against the fungus Cladosporium sp. Next higher fungal activity was showed by same extract of sporophyll type against the fungus Rhizopus sp. (16.08 mm). The study confirms the antimicrobial potential of Lygodium flexuosum extracted using various solvents.

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Caser, Matteo, Francesca D’Angiolillo, Walter Chitarra, Claudio Lovisolo, Barbara Ruffoni, Luisa Pistelli, Laura Pistelli, and Valentina Scariot. "Ecophysiological and phytochemical responses of Salvia sinaloensis Fern. to drought stress." Plant Growth Regulation 84, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-017-0349-1.

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Zivkovic, Suzana, Marijana Skoric, Branislav Siler, Slavica Dmitrovic, Biljana Filipovic, Tijana Nikolic, and Danijela Misic. "Phytochemical characterization and antioxidant potential of rustyback fern (Asplenium ceterach L.)." Lekovite sirovine, no. 37 (2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/leksir1737015z.

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Saraçoğlu, Onur, and Mustafa Özgen. "Farklı Derim Dönemlerinin Kısa ve Nötr Gün Çilek Çeşitlerinde Meyve Kalite Özellikleri ve Fitokimyasallar Üzerine Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 7 (June 9, 2015): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i7.545-549.381.

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In this study, the effect of different harvest period on fruit quality and phytochemical properties of short and day neutral strawberries was investigated. For this purpose, two day-neutral ('Fern', 'Kabarl') and four short day ('Camorosa', 'Sweet Charlie', 'Rubygem' and 'Festival') strawberry varieties were harvested at three different harvest period. Harvested fruits were analysed 15 and 30 days intervals for short and day-neutral varieties. Pomological analysis such as fruit size, firmness, fruit weight, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), pH and total anthocyanin, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were studied. Results of the present study indicated that fruits from later harvest periods displayed smaller fruit size, lower pH and TSS content but higher TA and fruit firmness. Also, both short and day neutral varieties have higher phytochemical content at later harvest period in terms of total phenolics, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity.

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Jha, Anal K., and K. Prasad. "Aquatic Fern (AzollaSp.) Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles." International Journal of Nanoscience 15, no. 01n02 (February 2016): 1650008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x16500083.

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Aquatic pteridophyte (Azolla sp.) was taken to assess its potential to synthesize the metal (Au) nanoparticles. The synthesized particles were characterized using X-ray, UV-visible, scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Nanoparticles almost spherical in shape having the sizes of 5–17[Formula: see text]nm are found. UV-visible study revealed the surface plasmon resonance at 538[Formula: see text]nm. Responsible phytochemicals for the transformation were principally phenolics, tannins, anthraquinone glycosides and sugars present abundantly in the plant thereby bestowing it adaptive prodigality. Also, the use of Azolla sp. for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles offers the benefit of eco-friendliness.

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Pekgöz, Asuman Karadeniz, and Ilker Çinbilgel. "Phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of fern, Asplenium ceterach L. in different altitudes." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i2.47674.

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Phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of fern (Asplenium ceterach L.) distributed in different altitudes (22 stations) were compared and the relationships between altitude and plant chemical contents were studied. The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was found in 22nd station (IC50 = 47.91 μg/ml) and the highest total phenolic content was found in 9th station (110.62 μgGAE/ml) whereas the maximum total flavonoid content was found in 20th station (232.67 μgCE/ml). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicates that the maximum pterosin b (0.235 μg/ml), catechin (2.756 μg/ml) and quercetin (0.207 μg/ml) values were found in 21th station whereas the maximum chlorogenic acid (17.718 μg/ml) was obtained in 9th and caffeic acid (6,598 μg/ml) in 13th stations. It was observed that altitude is not potent alone, but it can be a factor in the occurrence of other ecological factors like soil properties, water, humidity, light and temperature.

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Rahman, Salwa M. Abdel, Maher A. Kamel, Mennatallah A. Ali, Badriyah S. Alotaibi, Ohud Muslat Aharthy, Mustafa Shukry, and Hala Mohamed Abd El-Bary. "Comparative Study on the Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides: In Vitro Study." Plants 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2023): 3229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12183229.

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Azolla is a floating fern known for its various biological activities. Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides are multifunctional plants that exhibit biological activity in multiple ways, making them beneficial for various applications. This study aimed to compare the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity activities of two Azolla species, namely Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides. GC-MS analysis revealed distinct patterns of phytochemical composition in the two species. The methanol extracts of A. caroliniana and A. filiculoides exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against Geotrichum candidum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Furthermore, both extracts demonstrated potential antioxidant activity, as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in a ferric-reducing activity power (FRAP) assay. Additionally, the extracts showed promising anti-inflammatory activities, including inhibition of protein denaturation, heat-induced red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis, and nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages. Moreover, the methanolic extracts of A. caroliniana displayed higher cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells than those of A. filiculoides in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the methanolic extracts of A. caroliniana and A. filiculoides contain distinct compounds and exhibit potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that the methanolic extracts of A. caroliniana and A. filiculoides have differential phytochemical compositions and possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and HepG2 cytotoxic activities.

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Pardede, Antoni, Morina Adfa, Arif Juliari Kusnanda, Masayuki Ninomiya, and Mamoru Koketsu. "Isolation of secondary metabolites from Stenochlaena palustris stems and structure-activity relationships of 20-hydroxyecdysone derivatives on antitermite activity." Holzforschung 72, no. 10 (October 25, 2018): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0212.

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AbstractStenochlaena palustrisis an edible fern, belonging to the Blechnaceae family and is called kelakai in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The effects of fractions ofS. palustrisstems and isolated constituents on termite mortality and paper disc consumption byCoptotermes curvignathushave been studied. Treatment of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction on paper discs greatly induced death ofC. curvignathuswithin 6 days. Our phytochemical investigation ofS. palustrisstems led to the isolation of major constituents and 20-hydroxyecdysone exerted the highest termiticidal activity, followed by stenopalustroside A and ajugasterone C. Moreover, the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of synthetic derivatives from 20-hydroxyecdysone and ajugasterone C suggested that a 2,3-diol has considerable effect on their antitermite properties againstC. curvignathus.

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Hassan, Haider M., Zi-Hua Jiang, Tarannum A. Syed, and Wensheng Qin. "Review: Northern Ontario medicinal plants." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 5 (September 2012): 815–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-006.

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Hassan, H. M., Jiang, Z.-H., Syed, T. A. and Qin, W. 2012. Review: Northern Ontario medicinal plants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 815–828. The majority of scholarly investigations conducted in the 20th century have provided the incentive for establishing plants as sources of diverse phytochemicals. With infectious and cancerous diseases causing millions of mortalities worldwide, and the advent of resistant strains, the discovery of new antimicrobial and anticancer agents is crucial. Hence, included in this review is a novel list of 48 northern Ontario medicinal plants that may be sources of antifungal, antibacterial and/or anticancer phytochemicals. A total of two ferns and allied plants, two sedges and grasses, six trees, four shrubs, one vine and 33 herbs were identified. These plants were accumulated through interviews with native Elders and a survey of ethnobotanical literature on northern Canadian species of medicinal plants. We also present a critical review of their potential constituents, medicinal properties, and analysis of four promising plants (skullcaps, devil's club, St. John's wort and evergreens). Skullcaps and St. John's wort are model plants with documented anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal bioactivities. However, a considerable gap in ethnopharmacological data was found for species of skullcaps (Scutellaria galericulata, S. parvula and S. lateriflora) and St. John's wort (Hypericum mutilum, H. majus, H. canadense) growing in northern Ontario. These findings provide promising incentives in the ethnopharmacological community for medicinal research in this region.

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Swandi, Monica Kharisma, and Salmi Salmi. "Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) C. B. Clarke Leaves Extract Potent as a Medicinal Plant Based on Its Phytochemical Profile and The Total Phenolic Content." BERKALA SAINSTEK 11, no. 2 (June 7, 2023): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bst.v11i2.34875.

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Resam fern (Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) C.B. Clarke) is a terrestrial plant that is easy to grow and has been used for medicinal purposes as by the community empirically. This study aimed to explore the potential of Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) C.B. Clarke) as medicinal plants based on their phytochemical profiles and total phenol content of the extract. Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) C.B. Clarke leaves were extracted with aquadest and methanol as a solvent by maceration method. Phytochemical content was detected qualitatively and the total phenol content was determined using colorimetric method with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. As the result, qualitative screening for secondary metabolic contents in Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) C.B. Clarke extract found that the aqueous extract contains alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids and steroids, but the saponin and steroid were not detected. In the methanol extract, all secondary metabolites were detected except triterpenoids. The total phenol content of methanol extract was higher than that of aqueous extract with levels of 127,08 mg/g GAE and 42,32 mg/g GAE, respectively. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) C.B. Clarke leaf has the potential to be developed as a medicinal plant.

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Komala, Ismiarni, Stevani Sitorus, Fitri Ratna Dewi, Nurmeilis Nurmeilis, and Laifa Annisa Hendarmin. "Cytotoxic Activity of the Indonesian Fern Angiopteris angustifolia C. Presl and Liverwort Mastigophora diclados (Birs. ex Web) Nees Against Breast Cancer Cell Lines (MCF-7)." Jurnal Kimia Valensi 8, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i1.22645.

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Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide, and it is also the main cause of death from cancer. Fern Angiopteris angustifolia C. Presl and Liverwort Mastigophora diclados (Birs.ex Web) Nees are the plants that grow in Indonesia that are limited explored for their phytochemical and biological activity. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extracts leaves of A. angustifolia and M. diclados against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). The MTT assay was used to determine cytotoxic activity, which revealed that the ethanol extract of A. Angustifolia and M. diclados exhibited cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 121.8 ± 13.3 and 29.2 ±1.4 µg /mL, respectively.

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Takuli, Poonam, Kapil Khulbe, Parikshit Kumar, Archana Parki, Asad Syed, and Abdallah M. Elgorban. "Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of a native Himalayan Fern: Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 27, no. 8 (August 2020): 1961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.006.

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Das, Gitishree, Han-Seung Shin, and Jayanta Kumar Patra. "Comparative Bio-Potential Effects of Fresh and Boiled Mountain Vegetable (Fern) Extract Mediated Silver Nanoparticles." Plants 11, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 3575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243575.

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This current investigation was designed to synthesize Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) using both the fresh (Fbf) and boiled (Bbf) Korean mountain vegetable fern (named Gosari) extracts and make a comparative evaluation of its multi-therapeutic potentials. The screening of phytochemicals in the fern extract was undertaken. The synthesized fern-mediated silver nanoparticles are characterized and investigated for their bio-potential like α-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity prospects. The obtained AgNPs were characterized by the UV-Vis Spectra, SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential analysis, etc. The synthesis of the Fbf-AgNPs was very fast and started within 1 h of the reaction whereas the synthesis of the Bbf-AgNPs synthesis was slow and it started around 18 h of incubation. The UV-Vis spectra displayed the absorption maxima of 424 nm for Fbf-AgNPs and in the case of Bbf-AgNPs, it was shown at 436 nm. The current research results demonstrated that both Fbf-AgNPs and Bbf-AgNPs displayed a strong α-glucosidase inhibition effect with more than 96% effect at 1 µg/mL concentration, but the Bbf-AgNPs displayed a slightly higher effect with IC50 value slightly lower than the Fbf-AgNPs. Both Fbf-AgNPs and Bbf-AgNPs displayed good antioxidant effects concerning the in vitro antioxidant assays. In the case of the cytotoxicity potential assay also, among both the investigated Fbf-AgNPs and Bbf-AgNPs nanoparticles, the Bbf-AgNPs showed stronger effects with lower IC50 value as compared to the Fbf-AgNPs. In conclusion, both the fern-mediated AgNPs displayed promising multi-therapeutic potential and could be beneficial in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors. Though the synthesis process is rapid in Fbf-AgNPs, but it is concluded from the results of all the tested bio-potential assays, Bbf-AgNPs is slightly better than Fbf-AgNPs.

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Behera, Trupteemayee, Amandeep Kaur, Arvind Kumar, Rekha Maggirwar, and Sanjeet Kumar. "Antibacterial Activity of Ceratopteris thalictroides: An Unexplored Wild Food." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 3 (April 16, 2022): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.3.48.

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Ceratopteris thalictroides is an important pteridophyte having food and medicinal values. It is easily available near the coastal wetland and in lowland paddy fields. The local communities consume them as a leafy vegetable and it is also a food of herbivores. Therefore, an attempt has been made to gather the information and collect the plant from the coastal areas of Konark, Odisha, India. The survey was made in January 2021 and through Passport Data Form, the information was collected. Results revealed that plant species is used as food and to cure many diseases. The phytochemical screening indicated its medicinal potential. It was observed that antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Shigella flexneri was sound. The present study highlights an unexplored fern for future food and formulation of new drugs from it to fight against antimicrobial resistance.

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Wibowo, Risky Hadi, Redo Setiawan, Welly Darwis, Sipriyadi Sipriyadi, Rochmah Supriati, and Alfredi Anis Fadhila Ginting Sinisuka. "Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Analisis Fitokimia Ekstrak Metanol dari Daun Paku Sarang Burung (Asplenium nidus)." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 27, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.2.295.

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Infectious diseases caused by microbes are increasing; the growth of microbes can be inhibited by using antibiotics. Continuous and inappropriate use of antibiotics causes microbes to become resistant. The resistance can be reduced by finding new sources of antibiotics, one of which is from the bird nest fern (Asplenium nidus). This study aimed to determine the potency and concentration of A. Nidus extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659. The extract was prepared using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. Phytochemical tests include alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, and quinones. The minimum inhibitory concentration test was carried out on 12 treatments with three replications; the antimicrobial effectiveness test was carried out on seven treatments with five replications using the disc diffusion method. Phytochemical test results showed A. Nidus contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. A. nidus extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of the testing pathogenic bacteria, with the most effective concentration on P. aeruginosa of 45% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,16 mm, on E. Coli started of 55% with an inhibitory zone was about 13,68 mm, on B. Subtilis of 65% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,80 mm and S. aureus was 75% with an inhibitory zone of 11,96 mm. Keywords: antibiotics, Asplenium nidus, Infectious disease

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M, Suleiman. "Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C. Chr. (Polypodiaceae)." International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000234.

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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Platycerium bifurcatum (CAV.) C. Chr., Commonly known as staghorn fern is an epiphytic plant with diverse medicinal uses, such as anti-ulcer remedy, treating oedema, coughs and hypertension. This research was aim at evaluating the pharmacognostic profile of P. Bifurcatum. Methods: The fresh and air-dried plant materials were evaluated for microscopic characters, ash values, extractive values, moisture content and phytoconstituents. Results: Pharmacognostic evaluation revealed two shape of leaves, one round and the other forked-like shape, dark and light green colour, slightly coarse texture at the abaxial surface and hairy due to the trichome at the adaxial surface, reticulate leaf venation and margin entire, presence non- grandular stellate trichomes at the lower epidermal layer, spongy mesopghyll, collenchyma cells, vascular bundles straight type of epidermal cell wall, anisocytes stomata. Moisture content of 6.283%, total ash value of 8.25% within the standard range, acid insoluble ash of 1%, water soluble of 6.0% and phytochemical screening analysis shows the presence of phenolic, saponins, glycosides and triterpenoid constituents. Conclusion: this study reports the first time the pharmacognostic properties of P. bifurcatum.

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Inthachat, Woorawee, Boonrat Chantong, Pornsiri Pitchakarn, Chawalit Takoon, Jirarat Karinchai, Uthaiwan Suttisansanee, and Piya Temviriyanukul. "Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Donepezil, an Alzheimer’s Disease Drug, by Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. and Its Phytochemicals." Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 3 (March 6, 2024): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17030341.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and a significant concern to global public health due to the prevalence of aging populations. Donepezil is one of only a few medications approved for use as an anti-AD agent but all have adverse side effects. Reducing the dosage of AD drugs with plant extracts (phytotherapy) while maintaining efficacy is one strategy to minimize adverse side effects. We previously reported the anti-AD properties of an edible fern, Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. (DE), which inhibited key enzymes involved in AD pathogenesis including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase 1 (BACE-1). This study aimed to determine whether DE exhibited a synergistic effect with donepezil. The enzyme inhibitory assay showed that DE extract and its bioactive compounds, kaempferol, and quercetin, slightly impeded AChE inhibition with donepezil, while DE extract and quercetin showed synergistic or additive effects with donepezil against BChE and BACE-1, respectively. DE extract combined with donepezil also improved eye phenotypes in a Drosophila model of AD by preventing ommatidia atrophia and bristle breakages. Furthermore, the DE extract exhibited no genotoxic activities, as determined by the Ames test. Our data revealed that DE extract showed promise when combined with donepezil during AD treatment by targeting BChE and BACE-1.

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Ismail, A. M., B. A. Hamdi, B. K. Maulood, and T. O. AL-Khasreji. "An ecological study of the fern Asplenium Trichomanes L. in Iraq with a reference to its phytochemical and antioxidant activity." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 779, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/779/1/012117.

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Uba, Garba, Abdulhadi Yakubu, and Abdussamad M. Baba. "The Effect of the plant Adiantum philippense Extracts on Biofilms Formation and Adhesion to Shigella flexneri: A Predictive Modelling Approach." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v9i2.615.

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In the quest for novel bioactive metabolites, which can also be used as therapeutic agents, Adiantum philippense (A. philippense), an ethnomedically important fern, has become a fascinating herb. In this study, the predictive mathematical modelling of A. philippense crude extract was tested against Shigella flexneri, a common food pathogen for its phytochemical constituents, antagonistic ability, and effect on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation was calculated. Various kinetics models such as Von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, Modified Richards, Modified Gompertz, Modified Logistics and latest Huang were used to get values for the above kinetic constants or parameters. modified Gompertz of the entire model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value and lowest RMSE value. The accuracy and bias factors values were close to unity (1.0). The maximum specific growth rate (mmax (h-1) for S. flexneri treatment with A. philippense extract was significantly much lower (p<0.05) with a value of 0.292 (95% confidence interval of 0.254 to 0.331) compared to control with a value of 0.540 (95% confidence interval of 0.481 to 0.599) indicating potential biofilm inhibition.

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Hendra, Rudi, Rohimatul Khodijah, and Hilwan Yuda Teruna. "In vitro antiplasmodial and toxicological activities of Vittaria anguste-elongata Hayata extracts." Pharmacy Education 23, no. 2 (May 15, 2023): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.232.190193.

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Background: The Vittaria anguste-elongata Hayata fern is a common species that grows on the trunks of palm trees. On the other hand, the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of this specie have not been investigated to a great extent. Objective: In this study, we reported the invitro antiplasmodial and toxicological activities from a variety of this specie's extract. Method: Methanol was used to extract the aerial part of the specie, and then a liquid-liquid extraction was done using n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate). Assays for antiplasmodial activity and toxicity were carried out with two different strains of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 and W2), as well as the brine shrimp lethality test. Result: The antiplasmodial activities demonstrated that the dichloromethane extract had the most potential antiplasmodial activities among the extracts with an IC50 value of 13.65±0.06 μg/mL. On the other hand, the toxicological activities performed on Artemia salina demonstrated that n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate were all classified as toxic. Conclusion: These findings provide a foundation for future research into isolating and analysing the biological activity of secondary metabolites found in the extract.

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Uba, Garba, Muhammad A. Ginsau, Nuhu Danladi Zandam, and Mohd Yunus Shukor. "Mathematical Modeling of the Effect of Adiantum philippense Extracts on Biofilms Formation, Adhesion with E. coli Activities Against Foodborne Pathogens." Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v8i2.564.

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In the quest for novel bioactive metabolites, which can also be used as therapeutic agents, Adiantum philippense (A. philippense), an ethnomedical important fern, has become a fascinating herb. In this study, the predictive mathematical modelling of A. philippense crude extract was tested against E. coli, a common food pathogen for its phytochemical constituents, antagonistic ability, and effect on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation was calculated. For the first time in this paper we present various kinetics models such as von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, Modified Richards, Modified Gompertz, Modified Logistics and Huang were used to get values for the above kinetic constants or parameters. von Bertalanffy of the entire model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value with the lowest RMSE value. The accuracy and bias factors values were close to unity (1.0). The parameters obtained from Von Bertalanffy model for E. coli and chloramphenicol when compared with control values were the K 1.146 (95% C.I. 1.050 - 1.241) and 0.912 (95% C.I. 0.783 â€“ 1.041), A 0.831 (95% C.I. 0.669 â€“ 0.994) and 0.699 (95% C.I. 0.519 â€“ 0.880) Km 1.146 (95% C.I. 0.746 â€“ 1.546) and 1.210 (95% C.I. 0.478 â€“ 1.942) respectively. This shows that A. philippense was active against E. coli.

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Debnath, Shovan Lal, Pritam Kundu, Md Faisal Ahad, Lopa Saha, Nripendra Nath Biswas, and Samir Kumar Sadhu. "Investigation of phytochemical and pharmacological assessment of ethanol extract of <em>Stenochlaena palustris</em>- an edible fern of Sundarbans." Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/plants.2021.v9.i3c.1294.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phytochemical of ferns'

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