Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physique hors de l'équilibre'
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Walter, Jean-Charles. "Etude numérique des corrections d'échelle au comportement dominant à l'équilibre et hors de l'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440099.
Full textChatelain, Christophe. "Modèles de Potts désordonnés et hors de l'équilibre." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959733.
Full textSaint-Michel, Brice. "L'écoulement de von Kármán comme paradigme de la physique statistique hors de l'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911544.
Full textBlanchard, Thibault. "Morphologie de domaines à l'équilibre et hors d'équilibre." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066197/document.
Full textIn this work I have considered the geometrical properties of the domains found in the Ising model. Those domains are regions where the spins have the same value. In addition to the properties such as magnetisation and magnetic susceptibility, it is interesting to study the domains' structure and this is done naturally within percolation theory. In this thesis, I considered several situations concerning spin domains be it in equilibrium or out of equilibrium. I studied the dynamics of domains after critical or sub-critical quenches. For critical quenches the dynamical scaling has been carefully checked and the influence of the equilibrium properties on the dynamics has been shown. For sub-critical quenches we have considered both critical and infinite temperature initial conditions. We have shown that for critical initial condition the probability that the system ends up in a stripe state is exactly the probability that a spin cluster percolates initially. For the infinite temperature initial condition, we have discovered a transient regime which brings very quickly the system to a state similar to critical percolation. In equilibrium at the critical temperature we obtained an exact formula for the wrapping probabilities of Ising spin clusters on a system with periodic boudary conditions. We have also studied the critical behaviour of the Ising model with long-range interactions with a special interest to the cross-over between the long-range and short-range regimes
Gillet, Frédéric. "Dynamique non linéaire de surfaces vicinales hors de l'équilibre." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10204.
Full textHugbart-Fouché, Mathilde. "Etude des propriétés de cohérence d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein à l'équilibre et hors équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010825.
Full textCollura, Mario. "Aspects hors de l'équilibre de systèmes quantiques unidimensionnels fortement corrélés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0009/document.
Full textIn this thesis we have addressed some open questions on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of closed one-dimensional quantum systems. In recent years, advances in experimental techniques have revitalized the theoretical research in condensed matter physics and quantum optics. We have treated three different subjects using both numerical and analytical techniques. As far as the numerical techniques are concerned, we have used essentially exact diagonalization methods, the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group algorithm (t-DMRG) and the Lanczos algorithm. At first, we studied the adiabatic quantum dynamics of a quantum system close to a critical point. We have demonstrated that the presence of a confining potential strongly affects the scaling properties of the dynamical observables near the quantum critical point. The mean excitation density and the energy excess, after the crossing of the critical point, follow an algebraic law as a function of the sweeping rate with an exponent that depends on the space-time properties of the potential. After that, we have studied the behavior of ultra-cold bosons in a tilted optical lattice. Starting with the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, in the limit of Hard-Core bosons, we have developed a hydrodynamic theory that exactly reproduces the temporal evolution of some of the observables of the system. In particular, it was observed that part of the boson density remains trapped, and oscillates with a frequency that depends on the slope of the potential, whereas the remaining packet part is expelled out of the ramp. We have also analyzed the dynamics of the Bose-Hubbard model using the tDMRG algorithm and the Lanczos algorithm. In this way we have highlighted the role of the non-integrability of the model on its dynamical behavior. Finally, we have addressed the issue of thermalization in an extended quantum system. Starting from quite general considerations, we have introduced the notion of out-of-equilibrium temperature profile in a chain of Hard-Core bosons. We have analyzed the dynamics of the temperature profile and especially its scaling properties
Platini, Thierry. "Chaînes de spins quantiques hors de l'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439896.
Full textDinelli, Alberto. "Scalar active matter across scales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP7003.
Full textActive matter encompasses out-of-equilibrium systems whose microscopic constituents exert non-conservative self-propulsion forces on their environment. The self-organization of active units into complex structures is observed at all scales in the living world, from bacterial ecosystems to flocks of birds. Furthermore, in recent years, physicists and chemists have been able to engineer synthetic particles capable of self-propulsion, such as self-phoretic Janus colloids or Quincke rollers, thus paving the way towards the realization of smart active materials. In this regard, understanding the link between the microscopic dynamics of active particles and their large-scale properties is a crucial problem for both biology and bio-inspired engineering. In this manuscript, we bridge this gap for a number of scalar active systems, i.e. active systems where the only large-scale hydrodynamic mode is the conserved density field. In particular, a large part of the manuscript is devoted to multi-component active systems---or active mixtures---whose study is relevant to achieve more realistic descriptions of biological communities: from animal ecosystems to bacterial colonies, polydispersity is ubiquitous in living systems. The manuscript is structured as follows. In Chapter 1 we provide a methodological review of coarse-graining techniques in scalar active systems. These methods are then applied in Chapter 2 to characterize the large-scale behaviors of non-interacting active particles with different tactic mechanisms. The second part of the thesis is devoted to collective behaviors in interacting scalar active systems. In Chapter 3 we study the impact of non-reciprocal motility regulation in binary mixtures of active particles, and show how the microscopic non-reciprocity affects the macroscopic organization of the system. Following this line, in Chapter 4 we consider a bacterial ecosystem where a large number of species coexist, revealing how weak, random motility regulation can be sufficient to promote the formation of distinct bacterial communities. To conclude, in Chapter 5 we shift from biological to synthetic active matter, studying a model for self-propelled Quincke rods. In particular, we show how these rods can undergo an arrested condensation transition, where the interplay between quorum-sensing and steric repulsion is crucial to stabilize the coexisting phases
Gatien, Verley. "Fluctuations et réponse des systèmes hors de l'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00748590.
Full textMahfouf, Ali. "Calcul des coefficients de transport dans des plasmas hors de l'équilibre." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22719/document.
Full textTransport properties at high temperature in gases and/or in plasmas are of very importance in various fields, namely in the field of breaking technology in arc, cutting plasma, welding or burning. Knowledge of transport coefficients is necessary for any modeling involving hydrodynamic equations. As part of the kinetic theory of diluted gas, an approximate solution of the integro-differential Boltzmann equation governing distribution functions was proposed by Chapman-Enskog. Transport coefficients are classically computed using the method of Chapman-Enskog through the collision integrals. In our study we have developed, initially, a numerical code to obtain these collision integral taking into account the singularities that may occur in the calculation of the cross sections relating to interactions between particles forming the gas and/or plasmas. Secondly, we have studied the influence of the choice of parameters of interaction potentials on transport coefficients. Subsequently, we have used the numerical code developed for evaluating and helium plasma transport coefficients by studying the influence of the choice of method for calculating chemical composition on these coefficients. Finally, a simplified model of an interaction between an electromagnetic wave and a helium plasma has been proposed as a direct application of the transport coefficients
Jourdain, Noémie. "Etude des propriétés du cuivre sous conditions extrêmes et hors de l'équilibre thermique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0175/document.
Full textUltrashort laser sources development enables nowadays the possibility for matter to reachboth extreme pressure and temperature (~10 000 K) conditions, or what we call "WarmDense Matter ". Working with femtosecond lasers leads to out-of-equilibrium phenomenaduring which a large amount of energy is deposited in the electrons while the lattice remainscold. We used XANES spectroscopy to follow both the ultrafast evolution of the electronicstructure and the local atomic order after the irradiation of such a laser. Moreover,we can nowadays employ Quantum Molecular Dynamics to simulate Warm Dense Matter.We computed XANES spectra for thermal out-of-equilibrium situations and inthermodynamic configurations similar to the experimental ones. The confrontation of experimental data and these calculations brings a deep understanding of the phenomena involvedand their evolutions. The present study deals with the X-ray absorption near copper L3 andL2 edges (respectively 932 and 952 eV). Calculations show a pre-edge structure in the spectra,the evolution of which gives the electronic temperature dynamics. These simulationsalso suggest that the loss of the crystalline order should give rise to the disappearance ofthe post-edge structures. Several experiments have been realized using Eclipse laser and atable-top station dedicated to time-resolved XANES measurements at CELIA laboratory.At frst, some XANES spectra have been acquired using an X-ray source produced by theirradiation of a CsI solid target. This source duration of ~2 10 ps rms { approximately thethermal equilibration timescale for copper { restrained our temporal resolution. We thenused a xenon clusters gas jet to produce an X-ray source of comparable emissivity but asignificantly shorter duration. Numerous out-of-equilibrium XANES spectrahave been acquired and for diferent excitation degrees. The excellent signal-to-noiseratio allows us to follow the evolution of the post-edge structure and deduce the associateddynamics of the loss of crystalline structure. Finally, we performed the same experimentwith an X-ray source coming from the betatron radiation at LOA laboratory. With thissource, a temporal resolution of ~ 100 fs was achieved and allows us to fully characterizethe instantaneous heating of the electrons by the laser and far-from-equilibrium states
Grégoire, Guillaume. "Comportements collectifs d'animaux et physique hors-équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002435.
Full textGrégoire, Guillaume. "Comportements collectifs d'animaux et physique hors-équilibre." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077091.
Full textDavesne, Dany. "Systèmes de particules en interaction : phénomènes à l'équilibre, hors équilibre et approche non perturbative." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004366.
Full textCristobal, Azkarate Galder. "Étude de quelques changements structuraux dans les fluides complexes à l'équilibre et hors équilibre." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12299.
Full textLega, Notari Elena. "Analyse de la dynamique du modèle néo-autrichien de croissance : études d'économies hors de l'équilibre." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0045.
Full textMaghsoodloobabakhani, Saheb. "Cristallisation à l'équilibre et hors équilibre d'hydrates mixtes de gaz : Mesures PVTx et modélisation thermodynamique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEM027.
Full textIn this work, in order to investigate the non-equilibrium behaviors of mixed clathrate hydrates, vapor-liquid-hydrate phase equilibria of mixed gas hydrates from CH4-C2H6-C3H8-nC4H10-CO2-N2 are studied. Two different experimental procedures are used: at quick and slow crystallization rates. The aim is to examine the effects of crystallization rate on the final state, either under usual dynamic (quick formation) or steady state conditions (slow formation). Unlike most of the literature data, providing temperature-pressure-vapor composition (PTy) results, this study also furnishes hydrate composition, volume, storage capacity, density, or hydration number and water conversion. At quick crystallization, hydrate volume increases from 2% to 69% according to the gas mixture. Moreover, storage capacity decreases with increasing rate of crystallization. In addition, a thermodynamic model, based on classical van der Waals and Platteuw method and Kihara potential, has been used. A new set of Kihara parameters for propane, based on slow crystallization, has been obtained successfully and compared to the literature.Besides, a review on guest composition in hydrates from experimental results is suggested, based on open literature. Then, the capability of thermodynamic modeling to simulate these rare data has been investigated. While simulation tools are interesting to predict phase equilibria for light molecules, they become less reliable when phase transition occurs in the system, or when heavier molecules are involved. In addition, the use of RAMAN spectroscopy has illustrated phase transition for CO2/C3H8 mixed hydrates under CO2 rich gas conditions.To conclude, the rate of crystallization significantly influences the process of mixed hydrates formation. The use of a thermodynamic flash shows that slow crystallization is necessary to satisfy the thermodynamic equilibrium, and thus increase storage capacity, and optimize hydrate processes
Joubaud, Sylvain. "Fluctuations dans les systèmes hors équilibre." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0463.
Full textThe results reported in this thesis contribute to the understanding of the fluctuations of out of equilibrium systems. They havve been obtained in two experimental systems. The first system is a harmonic oscillator fluctuating because of the thermal noise. This system is driven out of equilibrium by an external forcing. Two case are sudied : the transient state and the steady state. We measure in this model system work fluctuations, heat fluctuations and total entropy fluctuations. These fluctuationsare studied within the context of Fluctuation Theorem. The results are interpreted by comparing the experimental results with a simple theoretical model. The second part is dedicated to the study of the Fréedericks transition in a nematic liquid crystal which is a second order phase transition. Our experimental setup for the measurment of the order parameter has a very good resolution at low frequency; of the order of millihertz. We study the statiticsof the equillibrium fluctuations when the control parameter is close to its critical value. The distribution is copared to a Generalized Gumbel distribution and the parmeter of this modeling is related to the effective number of degrees of freedom. We finally study this system out of equilibrium. We show that after a quench at the critical point the system present aging properties. Preliminary results are presented
Camanes, Alain. "Polymères Dirigés et Réseaux Conducteurs de Chaleur - Systèmes de mécanique statistique à l'équilibre et hors équilibre." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344652.
Full textLes réseaux conducteurs de chaleur sont étudiés hors équilibre. Lorsque les potentiels d'interaction sont harmoniques, nous donnons une interprétation géométrique de la condition d'existence et d'unicité de la mesure invariante via un théorème de complétude. Dans le cas où cette condition fait défaut, nous explicitons une quantité invariante par le flot hamiltonien. Nous généralisons ensuite les résultats d'unicité à des potentiels analytiques. Nous montrons que la condition de Hörmander est suffisante pour avoir l'unicité de la mesure invariante via la contrôlabilité. Le principe de Lasalle est ensuite utilisé pour montrer l'unicité sans la condition d'Hörmander. Nous évoquons également le problème de l'existence de telles mesures.
Vanicat, Matthieu. "Approche intégrabiliste des modèles de physique statistique hors d'équilibre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY029/document.
Full textAlthough statistical physics has been very successful to describe physical systems at thermal equilibrium (thanks to the Boltzmann distribution, which reflects the maximization of the entropy, and allows one to construct in a systematic way thermodynamic potentials), it remains elusive to provide an efficient framework to study phenomena that are out-of-equilibrium, i.e displaying non vanishing current of physical quantities (energy, charge, particles...).The goal of the thesis is to describe such systems with very simple models which retain nevertheless their main physical features. The models consist in particles evolving randomly on a one dimensional lattice connected to reservoirs and subject to hard-core repulsion. The challenge lies in computing exactly the stationary state of the model, especially the particle current, its fluctuations and more precisely its large deviation function (which is expected to play the role of an out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic potential).In the first part of the thesis we construct models, called integrable, in which we can perform exact computations of physical quantities. We introduce several new out-of-equilibrium models that are obtained by solving, in specific cases, the Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation. We provide new algebraic structures which allow us to construct the solutions through a Baxterisation procedure.In the second part of the thesis we compute exactly the stationary state of these models using a matrix ansatz. We shed light on the connection between this technique and the integrability of the model by pointing out two key relations: the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev relation and the Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov relation. The integrability is also exploited, through the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, to compute the fluctuations of the particles current, unrevealing connections with the theory of symmetric polynomials (the Koornwinder polynomials in particular).Finally the last part of the thesis deals with the hydrodynamic limit of the models, i.e when the lattice spacing tends to $0$ and the number of particles tends to infinity. The exact results obtained for a finite size system allow us to check the validity of the predictions of the macroscopic fluctuations theory (concerning the fluctuations of the current and the density profile in the stationary state) and to extend the theory to systems with several species of particles
Leroy, Frédéric. "Dynamique hors-équilibre : Quelques exemples en physique des surfaces." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958344.
Full textBaumann, Florian. "Vieillissement et comportement d’échelle dynamique hors équilibre." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10106/document.
Full textAgeing phenomena and dynamical scaling behaviour have been observed in many out-of-equilibrium systems, but a general framework for the description of such systems is still missing. A first step in this direction is the theory of local scale-invariance (LSI), which attempts to identify generalised forms of spatio-temporal dynamical scaling. For systems with a dynamical exponent z = 2, it has already been known how to treat stochastic partial differential equations and the consequences have been verified in many explicit models. In this thesis a reformulation and extension of LSI for systems with z ? 2 is presented. We infer for the first time generalised Bargmann superselection and discuss extended dynamical symmetries of Langevin equations with z ? 2. We can establish a formalism for the calculation of non-equilibrium correlation -and response functions and the results are confirmed in several new model calculations. Secondly, the ageing behaviour in reaction-diffusion systems is investigated. Although the main features of ageing as seen in magnets are still valid, important differences in exponent relations are found. Explicitly, the contact process is studied through field-theoretical methods and two bosonic models are solved exactly. For the latter, we show how to extend LSI with z = 2 to nonlinear models. Thirdly, the ageing behaviour in semi-infinite magnetic systems close to the surface is considered. The results show that the general scaling picture known from infinite systems remains valid, but some ageing exponents and scaling functions differ from the bulk quantities
Verley, Gatien. "Fluctuations et réponse des systèmes hors d'équilibre." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066300.
Full textIn recent years, a broad number of works have shed light on the nature of irreversibility of nonequilibrium phenomena, have permited to redefine quantities such as work or entropy production at the level of trajectories, and to enlight their symmetries through the fluctuation theorems. During this thesis, we focused on these results in a purely classical and Markovian framework. We have unified the various formulations of the generalized fluctuation dissipation theorem around steady and unsteady nonequilibrium state by identifying the various sources of irreversibility and by making them appear in the system response. We have tried to link the fluctuation theorems with the theory of linear response which was possible using a generalization of the relation of Hatano and Sasa. In doing so, we found that different functionals verified symmetry properties similar to the fluctuation theorem for total entropy production. The study of the generalization of Hatano and Sasa relation led us to an inequality of the same type as the Clausius inequality. This new inequality gives a lower bound for the system entropy production during transition between non-stationary states, as the Clausius inequality do for transitions between equilibrium states. We have illustrated these ideas on a few simple cases analytical or numerical and in an experiment where we manipulate magnetic colloids. In these experiments, a Crooks relation is expected for a system with spacelly dependant diffusion coefficient, allowing to consider new tests of stochastic thermodynamics
Andre, Pascal. "Etude de la composition et des proprétés thermodynamiques des plasmas thermiques à l'équilibre et hors d'équilibre thermodynamique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011304.
Full textDans le cas des plasmas à l'équilibre thermodynamique, la méthode de la minimisation de l'enthalpie libre est employée. Pour cela, une banque de données thermodynamiques, nécessitant le calcul des fonctions de partition de chaque espèce prise en compte, est constituée. Le formalisme numérique utilisant la méthode de minimisation « steepest descent » de White et al, est rappelé.
Dans le cas des plasmas hors d'équilibre thermique, l'enthalpie libre totale est établie en associant une température à chaque degré de liberté. Les fonctions de partition des espèces diatomiques doivent alors être modifiées. La méthode numérique « steepest descent » de White et al est alors adaptée. Cette méthode de calcul permet plusieurs hypothèses sur les températures internes : rotation, vibration et excitation électronique.
Les méthodes de calculs basées sur la minimisation de l'enthalpie libre, sur les lois d'action de masse, sur une approche cinétique dans le cas des plasmas hors d'équilibre thermique sont comparées. Les deux premières méthodes donnent des résultats identiques mais diffèrent de la troisième. Le calcul des constantes d'équilibre chimique est alors modifié ce qui permet de déterminer la composition des plasmas hors d'équilibre thermique et chimique.
Les calculs sont appliqués à de nombreux plasmas ayant un rapport direct avec les applications industrielles, ou générés à partir de mélanges de gaz étudiés expérimentalement au laboratoire :
• disjoncteurs : plasmas de vapeurs d'isolants (PE, POM, PETP, PMMA, PA6-6)
• détection des composés polluants émis lors de la combustion du charbon (HAP)
• mélange Ar-CO2, O2, N2, H2.
De nombreux développements peuvent être envisagés, par exemple :
• système polyphasique (solide, liquide)
• calcul du déséquilibre thermique en fonction du champ électrique
Semerjian, Guilhem. "Modeles dilues en physique statistique : Dynamiques hors d'equilibre et algorithmes d'optimisation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006329.
Full textSaint-Michel, Brice. "L'écoulement de von Karman comme paradigme de la physique statistique hors équilibre." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066405.
Full textThis dissertation tries a novel approach of statistical mechanics (at and out of equilibrium) to understand the behaviour of a fully turbulent confined flow --- von Karman flow --- stirred by two counter-rotating impellers in a cylinder vessel. First, experimental results from speed control are extended using new PIV observations: the susceptibility divergence of the flow is studied similarly to a mean-field Ising model, for which the spatial correlations and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem are examined. Second, additional experimental results obtained in torque control are also detailed, revealing negative differential responses allowing an analogy with other out-of-equilibrium experiments such as electrical dipoles or complex fluids. These results are understood in the framework of ensemble inequivalence, typical of long-range interacting systems. In addition, escape times from attracting states in multi-stable experiments display a Kramers-like simple dynamics, as do systems with few degrees of freedom. Finally, preliminary results from the SHREK experiment are shown: torques measured in normal and superfluid liquid helium exhibit similar results. Moreover, the Reynolds number range achieved in this experiment allows a more thorough study of the evolution of the hysteresis cycle already studied for lower Reynolds numbers
Picone, Alan. "Effets des fluctuations et invariance d'échelle locale dans les systèmes stochastiques hors-équilibre." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10035.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the general area of ageing in ferromagnetic spin systems. Very remarkably, the physical properties of these materials can be organized in terms of a simple scaling picture and can be classified through some universal reference curves. Precisely, our study consists in rephrasing the problem of ageing in terms of the dynamical symmetries which caracterize this phenomena. On a theoretical point of view, we turn these invariances into a statistical field theory, through a systeamtic treatment of noisy effects, either of thermal type, or due to the preparation of the sample. In the framework of a Langevin stochastic differential equation with z=2, and for a ferromagnet which is Galilee-invariant without noise, we establish the two-point response function to be independent of the thermal fluctuations. Owing these hypothesis, we produce some analytic prediction of the form of the two-point correlation function when the system undergoes a phase-ordering dynamics at zero temperature. We test our results in some concrete situations. On a more descriptive point of view, we study some aspects of the ageing dynamics with quantifying the distance away from equilibrium. For exactly solvable models, we are interested in both the influence of the thermal history of the quench and the initial conditions on the long-time dynamics of the ferromagnet. We enlarge the validity of local-scale invariance to certain of these situations, and thus confirm the strength of this theory
Gerschenfeld, Antoine. "Fluctuations de courant hors d'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660285.
Full textMartinie, Olivier. "Caractérisation physique et chimique de décharges hors équilibre : application au traitement des NOx." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2047.
Full textNagels, Virginie. "Validation expérimentale des codes de physique atomique des plasmas hors équilibre thermodynamique local." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0049.
Full textStoltz, Gabriel. "Simulation moléculaire : Problèmes dynamiques et hors d'équilibre." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709965.
Full textTiusan, Coriolan, and Coriolan TIUSAN. "Propriétés électroniques à l'équilibre et hors équilibre des systèmes de type multicouche magnétique : la spintronique de dispositifs a base de jonctions tunnel." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682380.
Full textMarin, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude de la diffusion d'impuretés métalliques dans un film polymère (Kapton) sous et hors irradiation /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Direction de l'information scientifique et technique, CEA Saclay, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358261299.
Full textGrandclaude, Hélène. "Effets de taille finie, extrêmes et propagation de défaillances dans des réseaux hors d'équilibre." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066499.
Full textBelhaouari, Jean-Belkheir. "Modélisation de l'extinction d'un arc de SF6 hors d'équilibre thermodynamique local." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003150.
Full textGirard, Philippe. "Membranes hors d'équilibre : échanges et transport actif." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006588.
Full textJiang, Qifeng. "Microstructure de suspensions hors du régime de Stokes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10110/document.
Full textWe present an experimental study of microstructure of suspensions out of Stokes regimes. The study was carried out by direct visualizations on fluidized bed in a Hele-Shaw cell (Two dimensional suspensions). These visualizations allowed measurement of macroscopic physical quantities such as particles density and particles velocities. The microstructure was deduced from the instantaneous positions of all particles with the help of pair probability distribution functions and structure factors. Inertial effects led to high anisotropy of microstructure associated to higher elasticity of the solid phase in mean flow direction than in transverse one. Anisotropy is explained by wake process downstream particles. At macroscopic scale a stretching of the spatial distribution of solid phase was observed for particulate Reynolds numbers reaching 100. There is no evidence that this stretching results from microstructure or hydrodynamic instabilities
Montel, Fabien. "Dynamique à l'équilibre et hors d'équilibre de la chromatine visualisée par microscopie de force atomique : effet des variants d'histones et des facteurs de remodelage." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358612.
Full textNous montrons que le variant H2A.Bbd modifie la structure et la dynamique du mono-nucléosome et que sa présence altère la faculté de la chromatine à former une structure d'ordre supérieur. En utilisant un modèle physique nous expliquons quantitativement ce comportement par la flexibilité du mono-nucléosome.
Nous étudions ensuite le mécanisme du remodelage de mono-nucléosomes par SWI/SNF et RSC. Nous mettons en évidence un intermédiaire réactionnel sous la forme d'un nucléosome sur-complexé apparaissant avant le nucléosome glissé. Enfin au niveau des di-nucléosomes nous montrons que RSC est un ‘randomiseur' processif et séquentiel.
Montel, Fabien. "Dynamique à l'équilibre et hors d'équilibre de la chromatine visualisée par microscopie de force atomique : effet des variants d’histones et des facteurs de remodelage." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0484.
Full textThe organization of DNA into nucleosome can be seen as a barrier for the transcription factors binding to their target DNA sequences and interferes with several basic cellular processes. ATP-remodeling machines and the incorporation of histone variants into chromatin are used by the cell to overcome the nucleosomal barrier and modulate DNA accessibility by the control of nucleosome dynamics. In this work, we use a single molecule technique (Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM) to visualize isolated mono- and oligonucleosomes and quantify their structure and dynamics at equilibrium and out of equilibrium. First, we study the impact of H2A. Bbd incorporation at the mononucleosome and oligonucleosome level. We show that this variant modifies both structure and dynamics of the complex and its presence alter the ability to form an higher structure organization of the chromatin. Using a polymer physics model we demonstrate that the behavior of variant chromatin can be quantitatively explained by the mononucleosome dynamical properties and more precisely by the nucleosome flexibility. Then, we study the mechanism of nucleosome remodeling by SWI/SNF and RSC on mono- and di- nucleosomes. To do so we determine simultaneously the mononucleosome DNA complexed length and position distributions and produce 2D histograms in various contexts. We demonstrate the appearance of a reaction intermediate visible as an overcomplexed nucleosome. Finally, focusing on the di-nucleosomes, we report different slided states that are used to construct a simple stochastic model showing that RSC is a highly processive and sequential randomizer
Mondet, Julie. "Impacts cliniques et physiopathologiques de l'équilibre redox et de la protéine S100A8 extracellulaire dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes de novo de l'adulte (hors LAM3)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS007/document.
Full textAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by clonal expansion of leukemic(s) cell(s) blocked at an early stage of maturation. Despite therapeutic advances, their prognosis remains poor and therapeutic improvements are needed. In AML, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to contribute to leukemogenesis and, on the opposite, standard chemotherapies exert cytotoxicity via ROS. In addition, the redox balance acts on metabolic dysregulation in AML and depends on many regulators, such as S100A8 protein, associated with worst prognostic in AML and known to stimulate NADPH oxidase.In this context, this work focuses on oxidative disorders, and S100A8 expression in bone marrow microenvironment according to clinical-biological characteristics and evaluate their prognostic impact in AML. In addition, we investigated the impact of exogenous S100A8 on ROS production, mitochondrial respiration, and metabolism in leukemia cell lines.In a cohort of 84 de novo AML at diagnosis, we demonstrate the existence of redox balance disorders on leukemic cells, on normal cells from bone marrow microenvironment, and on antioxidant systems (SOD, GPX, glutathione ...). In addition, ROS production observed in response to mitochondrial modulators indirectly reflects mitochondrial functionality plays a prognostic role independent of the current prognostic factors. The analysis of S100A8 in bone marrow plasmas shows a higher expression in AML than in healthy controls or other hematological neoplasms. This hyperexpression is predominantly of monocytic origin and is associated with molecular abnormalities of good prognosis such as (inv (16), NPM1) or with a subgroup of mutated FLT3-ITD patients with better survival. Finally, the study of S100A8 on leukemia cell lines highlights its heterogeneous effect on cell growth, apoptosis, ROS production and on NOX regulation. Furthermore, we observe a S100A8-phosphocholine change which remains to be explored.In conclusion, this work provides original information on bio-energetic balance in AML and their prognostic impacts, emphasizing that these metabolic alterations impact AML prognosis through complex interactions
Martinez, Aguilera Servet. "Description ergodique des processus de Markov qui convergent vers l'équilibre associés aux k-systèmes." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066242.
Full textAron, Camille. "Dynamique hors d'équilibre classique et quantique : formalisme et applications." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538099.
Full textMiraoui, Abdelkader. "Traitement non linéaire des données pour l'analyse de l'équilibre chez les personnes âgées." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0016.
Full textIn developed countries, the latest statistics clearly indicate that elderly population is growing, and people are living longer. Thus, maintaining a functional independence of the elderly becomes a priority for our society. The majority of elderly people living alone are more and more exposed to risky situations; one of them is the risk of falling. Falls are the leading cause of serious and health threats in the elder population. In this thesis, we started by reviewing the problem of fall detection in the elderly. Next, we proposed non-linear methods in order to extract relevant parameters for the prevention and early detection of the risk of falling. The originality of these methods is the nonlinear analysis of the components obtained from an empirical modal decomposition. The EMD method has highlighted the existence of a chaotic component in the signal from which we can extract an effective indicator of the quality of human posture. We are particularly interested in the mathematical reformulation of the EMD method in order to generalize it to the multidimensional case. This new extension was applied later on stabilogram signals in the aim of extracting relevant parameters for the prevention and detection of falling. One of the perspectives of this work is to consider data fusion of human posture with other data from sensors embedded in a smart home
Degorce, Jean-Yves. "Dynamique hors équilibre de phénomènes de transport dans un solide absorbant, soumis à une impulsion laser." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12950.
Full textLéonard, Sébastien. "Hétérogénéité dynamique et échelles de longueur dans les systèmes vitreux hors-équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196528.
Full textPeyreigne, Christelle. "Rôle de l'hormone de croissance à l'exercice : implications dans l'équilibre hydro-minéral et le métabolisme musculaire oxydatif." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON1T003.
Full textLe, Goff Thomas. "Dynamique non-linéaire et hors-équilibre des membranes lipidiques confinées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10245/document.
Full textSelf-assembled lipid membranes exhibit a rich variety of dynamical behaviors, and are ubiquitous in biology. In this thesis, we report on the study of dynamics of membranes in strong confinement, using simple theoretical models. We focus on the case of confinement between two walls, in the presence of a double-well potential leading to two possible states of adhesion (on the upper or the lower wall). Using a lubrication model, we obtained a nonlinear and nonlocal partial differential equation describing the evolution of the membrane morphology. We have mainly studied the twodimensional case, where the membrane is a one-dimensional object. Within this frame, we have shown that the membrane bending rigidity leads to dynamics that are different from the coarsening behavior obtained usually in the presence of surface tension. Indeed, the membrane reaches a frozen state, which depends on the initial conditions. The freezing of the dynamics is the consequence of the oscillatory interaction between kinks –here defined as domain walls in one-dimensional systems. The spatial organization of the final state can be controlled by the wall permeability : as an example, starting from a plane membrane half-way between the two walls, disordered configurations are obtained for very permeable walls, while long range order is obtained with impermeable walls. In addition, we have shown that different physical ingredients such as membrane tension, potential asymmetry, or thermal noise, can restore coarsening, usually above a finite threshold. Inspired by biolubrication, we have also studied the influence of shear imposed by the motion of the two confining walls. Simulations show a rich behavior with several regimes, which influence the effective friction between the walls. For weak shear rates, we obtain complex and chaotic dynamics, which induce coarsening, leading to a thixotropic behavior, where the force decreases with time. For moderate or large shear rates, we respectively obtain frozen periodic stationary solutions, or spatio-temporal chaos. In these two regimes, the system exhibits shear-thinning
Lecomte, Vivien. "Thermodynamique des histoires et fluctuations hors d'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198144.
Full textDans une première partie, nous adaptons le formalisme de Ruelle au cas des systèmes markoviens en temps continu. Il apparaît que tous les concepts de la théorie (fonction de partition dynamique, pression topologique) s'obtiennent comme des fonctions de grandes déviations de certaines observables extensives en temps. Nous développons une approche en champ moyen, basée sur la construction d'une énergie libre dynamique à la Landau-Ginzburg, dont découlent toutes les observables de la théorie. Nous exposons également un algorithme qui permet de les évaluer en dimension finie. L'application de ces méthodes à des modèles de verres montre que l'état stationnaire de ces systèmes est situé exactement au point d'une transition de phase dynamique du premier ordre (entre deux phases active et inactive) ce qui justifie l'image heuristique de coexistence de phase dynamique proposée pour décrire ces modèles.
La seconde partie traite spécifiquement des fluctuations de courant dans des systèmes pour lesquels peu de résultats généraux sont disponibles : (i) un modèle de spins très loin de l'équilibre au contact de deux bains thermiques, (ii) un modèle d'exclusion symétrique en dimension 1, (iii) des exemples de systèmes superdiffusifs. Dans tous ces systèmes, nous déterminons le comportement en loi de puissance de la fonction de grandes déviations et, lorsque c'est possible, la fonction de grandes déviations elle-même ou les fonctions d'échelles qui correspondent à différents régimes de courant.
Epelbaum, Thomas. "approche de l'équilibre dans les collisions hadroniques à haute énergie." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010346.
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