Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physique et métaphysique'
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Manenti, Jean-Luc. "Physique et métaphysique de l'immortalité chez Sénèque." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040089.
Full textSeneca speaks about life after death in different ways. Sometimes, he follows stoic doctrine and thinks soul survives until universal conflagration ; sometimes, for example in Consolations, he speaks like Socrat : wether death reduces us to non-being or translates us elsewhere, we have no reason to be afraid of it. .
Souchard, Bertrand. "Aristote, de la physique à la métaphysique, réceptivité et causalité." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL004.
Full textRuffin-Bayardin, Céline. "Le présent : entre physique et philosophie. Vers un présentisme quantique." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7005.
Full textIt would seem from Einstein's words that physics fails to capture the singularity of the Now. In this research, we are interested in what makes the present special : how is the present different from the past and the future? Is it really inaccessible to physics? What is the nature of the relationship between the present and reality? Hence our problematic triangle articulated around real-present-physics notions. At first, we analyze the status of the present in classical physics, then from the current metaphysical debate on time, and more particularly from linguistics and modal logic, we question the reality of the present. This leads us to approach theories such as the Presentism, the Growing Block, or the Branching-Futurism. The question of the existence of the present also requires for us the study of the "problem of time" in quantum gravity. Finally, in a third and last part, we construct Quantum Presentism. For this, we use Gilbert Simondon's method, and we deal with the singularity of the present from the very process of individuation of the present
Spaak, Claude Vishnu. "Interprétations phénoménologiques de la Physique d'Aristote chez Heidegger et Patočka." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040171.
Full textThis thesis confronts the Heideggerian and Patočkian interpretations of the fundamental concepts of Aristotelian Physics. Both interpretations share a point in common: according to Heidegger and Patočka, Aristotle conceives movement as a fundamental ontological determination of Being. Indeed, movement (κίνησις/μεταβολή) is conceived by Aristotle as a process of unconcealment, of coming into presence of entities in the openness of manifest being. Nevertheless, Heidegger and Patočka disagree on the way that one should understand the meaning of this ontological movement at the core of nature (φύσις). This thesis is entirely dedicated to examining these differences. Our aim is to show, through Heidegger’s and Patočka’s interpretations of Aristotle, that there are two distinct and by all means opposed conceptions of the meaning and status of phenomenological ontology itself. This thesis concludes both to Heidegger’s philosophical idealism, and to Patočka’s contrary attempt to build a cosmological realism that challenges to a certain extent the identity between Being and meaning. In the working out of this thesis, a very particular focus is drawn on the concept that concentrates the entire charge of the tension, i.e. the concept of matter (ὕλη)
Pralon, Didier. "Les témoignages d'Aristote sur les atomistes anciens dans le fragment 208, dans les traités de la Métaphysique, de la Physique, du De Caelo et du De Generatione et Corruptione." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10016.
Full textFleury, Jean-Matthias. "Forces et dispositions : l’ontologie dynamyste de Leibniz à l’épreuve des débats contemporains." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040062.
Full textThis work talks about the contemporary philosophy of dispositions, through a comparison with the leibnizian philosophy of force. It shows that most of the contemporary positions are probably fixed by the cartesian's and lockian's interpretations of the powers in physics, and that the leibnizian's interpretation is good enough to purpose some issues about the ontology, epistemology and semantics of the powers, without endorse the problems of the generality and the indetermination of dispositions. This work wants to show that it's possible to defend a realist interpretation of the powers like Leibniz did. It wants to clarify some questions about causality and legacy in physics, and discuss some of the interpretations of the contemporary results in physics in terms of propensions
Vanandruel, Jean-Pierre. "L'analyse du mouvement dans les traités de philosophie de la nature et dans les traités métaphysiques d'Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H230.
Full textAristotle's Metaphysics contains analyses of movement. The present thesis seeks to determine the reasons for their presence in these texts, and the point of view - different from that of physics - under which Aristotle studies what the causes and principles of natural movements are. A study of previous opinions and the construction of correlative aporias shows that Aristotle situates the inquiry of the Metaphysics in continuity with those of other philosophers: the aim is to conceive what the first principles of all things, or of all beings, are, in a way that improves on the Physicists and the Platonists. Now, since he criticises his predecessors’ principles on the ground that they are incapable of explaining natural movements, we can conclude that the solutions conceived by Aristotle do provide first principles capable of accounting for natural movements. The wisdom and the first science of the Metaphysics is, in my view, this search for the first principles and the first causes. This science is the science of substance, and so is distinguished from physical science, in that it establishes that substances are the first principles of all things, and this in three different senses: (1) substances are principles of all things, since without them there can be no other beings and no movement; (2) the form is first substance and principle of compound substances; and, with matter, it is an ungenerated principle for their generations and their movements; (3) there are substances that are prior to natural substances: the ordered movers of the movements of the celestial spheres
Irimia, Gheorghe-Florin. "Descartes et l’imaginaire littéraire et scientifique baroque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCH039.
Full textThis research work revolves around two complementary centers of interest. On the one hand, the aim is to shed light on the Cartesian way of considering the question of objectivity, and on the other hand, to show the anchoring of Cartesian thought in a broader cultural horizon, which is commonly, and perhaps also roughly, called "baroque", from the aesthetic studies of Heinrich Wölfflin and the generalization of the Wölfflinian concept of "baroque" to literature by Jean Rousset and, then, to the whole of the cultural productions of the end of the sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth century by Didier Souillet.By virtue of this research topic, I relate Baroque scholarly culture to several major themes in Cartesian physics and metaphysics: the critique of likeness; the sensible/material relation; the geometrical understanding of matter; the metaphysical understanding of the world as pure exteriority; the relation between understanding, imagination, and the senses; the euristic value of imagination; the multiple meanings of the concept of "nature"; and the free divine institution of the principles of nature.Similarly, I discuss how Baroque literature sometimes views reality as a dreamlike or theatrical representation - particularly in Calderón's Life is a Dream and Shakespeare's The Tempest - and I highlight how Descartes draws from the Baroque literary imagination the main themes of the first two Metaphysical Meditations.Third, I present the place of curiosity, admiration, and the "curious sciences" in Baroque scholarly culture, from the Baroque vogue for the marvellous to the wonder of the technical productions of the time and their ability to deceive the viewer, to show how these dominants of Baroque scholarly culture determine the evolution of Cartesian thought about nature, from Cartesian interest in optical illusion experiments to the critique of likeness and the mechanistic approach to nature
Vernier, Jean-Marie, and Albert le Grand. "Le Livre sur la nature et l'origine de l'âme d'Albert le Grand : introduction, traduction et notes, suivies de notes complémentaires et de traduction de lieux parallèles pris des Commentaires d'Albert sur la Métaphysique, Le traité de l'âme et la Physique d'Aristote." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040230.
Full textThe Albert the Great's book on nature and origin of the soul: introduction, translation and footnotes, followed by complementary notes and translation of paralell texts taken from Albert the Great's commentaries on Aristotle's Metaphysics, Treatise on the soul and Physics. Age : XIIIth century. Type : Treatise of natural philosophy (in an Aristotelian meaning). Author : Albert the Great (dominican and bishop, Doctor of the Church). Language : medieval latin. Themes : First Treatise : The Intellect's causality on the Nature, the natural being and gradual change; the generation and nature of the vegetative, sensitive and rational soul; the cognitive and motor faculties of the rational soul. Second Treatise : the separation and personal immortality of the soul, the state and the place of the separated soul according to the philosophers, the state of the soul after the death. Main authorities : Plato, Aristotle, Macrobius, Calcidius, Pseudo-Dionysius, Liber De Causis, Avicenna, Averrois. The introduction of this doctoral thesis shows the influence of this Albert's book on Dante (Convivio), Berthold von Moosburg, Guillaume de Vaurouillon, Marsile Ficin
Blomme, Henny. "Kant et la matière de l'espace. Le problème d’une fondation transcendantale de l’expérience extérieure." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040287.
Full textThe principal aim of this work is to provide a systematic interpretation of the Kantian theory of space. It is important to note that such an interpretation has to account for the fact that, in Kantřs works, we seem to find two different concepts of space. Firstly there are propositions concerning space as a mere form of outer sense. But secondly, we also find Kant speaking about space as itself an object of experience that can be sensed. This double discourse on space authorises to oppose what I call material space to space as a pure form. Therefore, in aiming at a systematic account of Kantian space, we shouldnřt limit ourselves to the study of the transcendental Aesthetics. I show that it is possible to provide an analysis of the metaphysical exposition of space that is combinable with that which the Opus postumum teaches us about material space. The argument of the work contains three principal theses: Inside the first Critique, there is an asymmetrical relationship between the foundation of transcendental idealism and empirical realism. Certain later reflections in the Opus postumum show that this asymmetry is problematic for the project of a transcendental philosophy as a system. The result of the metaphysical exposition of space can be interpreted in two ways, but only one of them has been developed by Kant in the first Critique. At the end, the work offers what I call a Kantian system of the possible interpretations of space, for which the Kantian table of nothing figures as a template. This system allows an a priori understanding of the generation of a Newtonian, Leibnizian and finally a Kantian conception of space
Kopacz, André. "La plénitude ontologique du vide." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100049/document.
Full textThe title of ontological fullness of the void means that the void is not a nothingness, a mere nothing or a definitive absence but, on the contrary, an assertion in its self-sufficiency of the presence in the pure state. The void is full of the pure presence, better it is identified with it. From ancient atomism to the scientific Revolution including the Renaissance, from Democritus to Newton via Bruno, from Aristotle to Descartes as their most eminent opponents, the void did not stop haunting both the field of the metaphysics and that of the science, that of the experiment as that of the imagination. Having tried to expel it from the physics by means of the notion of ether, the contemporary cosmology rediscovers the essential role of the void in the future and maybe the origin of the universe. Today, it is in the turn of the metaphysics to feel the weight at new expenses of the weight of the void within the framework of the problem of its own. If the void, as pre-eminently place of the exhibition of the presence, throws the fundamental ontology towards its real dimension, the question of the being such as heard it Heidegger takes then all its amplitude, either worldly but cosmological. It is then all the fundamental heideggerian concepts (world, temporality, Dasein) that must be revalued in the alder of this new image of the thought been imperative by the necessity of the void. Does the heideggerianism so indicate an advance or does it mark a regression with regard to the cosmological thoughts of the classic metaphysics? Because it is well very another image of the thought which that of the deconstructions which it is a question of basing, that where the concepts of presence, substance, foundation and even Absolute recover all their present situation
Taviaux, Sylvie. "Hybridation in situ sur chromosomes métaphysiques et noyaux interphasiques : cartographie physique, intérêts et perspectives." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON1T012.
Full textRoques, Magali. "Substance, continuité et discrétion d'après Guillaume d'Ockham." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2004/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD dissertation is to reconstruct the assumptions and consequences of the ockhamist thesis according to which quantity is not really distinct from substance or from quality. This thesis can be found in the philosophical and theological writings of William of Ockham, a logician and Franciscan theologian from the beginning of the 14th century (1285-1349).The dissertation is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the question how the category of quantity is organised if one assumes that quantity is not really distinct from substance or from quality. The second part is dedicated to the physics of quantity. Each species of quantity is examined, that is permanent continuous quantity (spatial extension), successive quantity (motion and time) and discrete quantity (number). Lastly, the third part consists in a description and an evaluation of the ockhamist theory of the metaphysical structure of substance
Ehret, Charles. "Agir en vertu d'un autre : Thomas d'Aquin et l'ontologie de l'instrument." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H219.
Full textThe aim of this study is to offer a better understanding of instrumental causation in Aquinas. It starts by calling into question the idea that an instrument is a « moved mover ». Behind this apparently innocuous phrase lurks a contradiction, for, as Aquinas states, it is impossible for something to both be a mover and be moved according to the same motion. Having argued that this contradiction may not be satisfyingly solved, an alternate definition is suggested, according to which an instrument acts "in virtue of another". Indeed, according to Aquinas’s sacramental theology, an instrument acts insofar as it contains a certain power (virtus). This power isn’t its own, but the individual property of something else, namely the principal cause. The question here is to account for what seems to be a transferable trope: an individual power present both in the principal and in the instrumental cause. Aquinas does this by comparing the power in the instrument to the species of color in the air. We follow this cue. First, by understanding how a sensible species may be understood as numerically identical across different subjects, namely the sensible object, the medium and the perceiver. Second, by turning to Aquinas’s thesis that powers are distinct and flow from a thing’s substantial form. This, it is argued, amounts to granting powers the same ontological status as sensible species, namely intentional being (esse intentionale). The study concludes that it is not Aristotelian physics but Aquinas’s metaphysics of powers that ultimately grounds instrumental causation
Ntafatiro, Patrice. "L'exilé de toute part suivi de la Poétique négro-africaine de l'exil." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20263.
Full textBlais-Mailloux, Renaud. "Métaphysique et physique de la causalité chez Descartes." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21598.
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