Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physique de l'atmosphère – Méthodologie'
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Herig, Coimbra Pedro Henrique. "A whirlwind journey of wavelet turbulent flux mapping : estimation of spatialized turbulent flux on tall towers and its uncertainties." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04637523.
Climate and human activity are closely linked. Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions impact climate dynamics and air quality, affecting millions globally. Effective GHG monitoring is essential for informed policy decisions, yet it is complex due to spatial and temporal variability of sources and sinks, and atmospheric transport. Monitoring networks address this variability by deploying sensors across diverse geographic locations sampling continuously over time.Urban areas are key emission points, driving climate change. However, monitoring direct GHG changes over >5 km2 with varied sources and vegetated areas lacks a standard method. Eddy Covariance (EC) offers direct, continuous GHG net flux monitoring. Wavelet-based EC operates on the same principles as the standard method but calculates covariance using frequency decomposed time series. This approach does not require stationarity, leaving more data available for analysis, particularly beneficial in complex urban environments where non-stationary fluxes are common.Disentangling anthropogenic and biogenic components of a net CO2 flux is recognised as a key issue yet to be resolved in urbanised areas. Conventional ecosystem models used to partition gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) are not appropriate for urbanised areas. Direct partitioning using high-frequency correlations between tracer gases may help overcoming the limitations of standard partitioning methods.While Eddy Covariance remains standard for local studies, estimating larger-scale surface fluxes often involves assimilating background concentration measurements to prior estimations using transport models. The progress in satellite imagery and detailed inventories provides a new basis that helps improve these methods. However, inversion methods using tower flux data are still sparse and would be interesting to test in urbanised areas.The objective of this PhD was to evaluate wavelet-based EC combined with Bayesian inversion methods for CO2 flux mapping. During the course of the PhD I discovered a new direct partitioning method that was used with a combination of CH4 and CO to improve the overall inversion in the suburban area of the Saclay plateau.In the first paper of the PhD, we hypothesised that decomposing concentration and wind signals by frequency can capture individual gusts within each frequency, typically mixed in the original signal. We leveraged this feature to propose a new parameter-free direct partitioning method based on quadrant analysis of CO2 and water vapour frequency decomposed fluxes. We showed that this method could indeed provide unbiased estimates of GPP and Reco at a crop and a forest ecosystem site near Paris. We also found that wavelet eddy covariance further saved up to 30% of the non-stationary data in these sites.In the second paper, we proposed using tall towers equipped with high-precision but slow analysers for measuring fluxes. Despite slower acquisition frequencies, attenuation was limited to 20 % by a lower contribution of high frequencies at this height. Results encourage further collaboration between atmospheric and ecosystem networks for in-situ measurements.In the third paper, we combined the partitioning method proposed in the first paper with the flux from the second paper, including now more gases measured to partition CO2 fluxes in biogenic and anthropogenic components and assimilate them in previous spatially-explicit estimations of fluxes at few km2. The obtained flux maps offer the advantage of relying on direct flux measurements at the landscape scale and may be used to informing large-scale inversions at broader scales.Results focused on the Parisian region provide valuable insights for flux measurements at the landscape scale and beyond, and contributing to emission monitoring strategies. These advancements contribute to understanding and addressing environmental challenges at the temporal and spatial scales where decisions are made
Chichery, Arnaud. "Analyse des spectres infrarouges haute résolution des formes isotopiques de l'ozone. Application aux études atmosphériques." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS019.
Guedje, François Kossi. "Détermination des propriétés microphysiques et optiques de l'atmosphère par traitement analytique de signaux Lidar." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0909.
Faivre, Michaël. "Etude par imagerie stéréoscopique et par interférométrie des structures dynamiques de la haute atmosphère." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2062.
Haj, kacem Mohamed Amine. "Contribution au développement d'une méthodologie de diagnostic des systèmes Cyber-Physique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT119.
Industrial systems cover many forms. Today, they are most often organized in networks. The new information and communication technologies provide a set of additional means to realize applications of major interest to strengthen the safe operation of these systems and the safety of people.Among these industrial systems, we can cite cyber-physical systems (CPS) characterized by a large number of variables, nonlinearities and uncertainties. Their decomposition into subsystems, making them more manageable and hierarchically organized, is fundamental. Each of the subsystems consists of different interconnected replaceable components that perform different functions.With this in mind, we propose a diagnostic approach based on four types of knowledge: functional, structural, topological and behavioral.This approach, which includes detection and localization, exploits the representation of different knowledge to detect and isolate the source of failure. In order to eliminate any ambiguity of location, the addition of a timed automat allows, thanks to a temporal analysis, to efficiently identify the defective component(s). The proposed multimodel approach is organized around three algorithms.Modeling and failure analysis is illustrated on a cyber-physical system: the "RobAIR" telepresence robot. The different knowledge models were established with an analysis approach as well as the construction of the diagnostician based on previously defined signaturesThe implementation of Matlab's Simulink / Stateflow isolation and detection algorithms made it possible to build the diagnoser according to the proposed methodology and thus validate our approach by simulating the operation with random injection of various failures.The proposed analysis method was applied to the RobaIR robot's start-up tests with particular attention to the displacement part. The testing of all the robot's functionalities is done by programming the Arduino board. For this application, the detection and isolation algorithms have been supplemented by obstacle detection and failure mode identification
Leclair, de Bellevue Jimmy. "Analyse et modélisation des échanges verticaux induits par les systèmes convectifs des latitudes tropicales : effets sur l'ozone troposphérique." La Réunion, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468500/fr/.
The objective was to perform our knowledge on the mechanisms 'exchanges, close to the zone S of major convection, more particularly in periphery of the tropical cyclones by exploring the bonds between tropical convection and tropospheric ozone. A climatological approach showed that the influence of the occurrence attends these systems convectifs on tropospheric ozone is double. The analysis of a case of transfer intense subsident on April 6th, 1995 in Reunion, then on the West of the system Marlène, allowed to characterize this exchange stratosphere-troposphere. The examination of the model idealized by tropical cyclone Hurricane brought dynamic complements and generalized this study of mechanisms. In a additional way in the case Marlène, three different synoptic situations or a strong interaction between convection, jet-front system and Rossby waves induce stratosphere-troposphere exchanges have been documented
Faduilhe, Denis. "Détermination des profils lidar de température et d'aérosols par rétrodiffusions élastique et Raman : application à l'étude climatologique de la zone sud subtropicale à partir des données de la Réunion, 21°S, 55°E." La Réunion, 2006. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/06_03-fadhuile.pdf.
Since 1994, Réunion lidar station has got technique to estimate atmospheric temperature profiles using an inversion code. An intercomparison analysis showed good performance of this code. In 1999, implementation of raman channel allowed us to estimate best values of higher tropospheric and the lower stratospheric temperature data. However, a correction is required to resolve good quality data during contamination of data due to dense media of particules. This observation is needed to take into account to identify small scales structure as gravity waves that energy changes according to the latitude and the season. The temperature climatology of the middle atmosphere over la Reunion and its comparison with different model climatologies highlighted some expected deviations due to the lack of reliability in daily measurements with a good resolution over the sub-tropical zone in the southern hemisphere
Ndjountche, Njiki Georges. "Contribution a la méthodologie de formulation des bétons de ciment poreux et drainants." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0039.
Porous road surfaces are of primary importance amongst the vanous alternative technologies for urban drainage. This thesis is a contribution towards the specification technics with regard to the composition of porous cernent concrete for use as an urban paving materiel. The usage of a composite binder "High Performance Ordinary Portland Cement Pozzolanna" and an appropriate additive shows that the rheologic , physical and chernical properties of the links which make up the cernent matrix of the concrete, like the choice of grain size spectrum, have an influence on the mechanical and drainage characteristics of the material and its durability. A knowledge of the properties of the cernent matrix allow better prediction of the ageing of porous cernent concrete structures
Ymele, Jean-Pierre. "Le statut de l'observateur en physique classique : études sur la constitution d'une pensée de l'observation et de l'objectivité." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070023.
The common conception of objectivity in relation to observation depends on a dual relationship between the subject and an object with intrinsic and independent properties. This Thesis sets out to investigate through some pages of the history of classical physics how the thought of observation and objectivity have been built, from Descartes dualistic conception according to which attention is focussed on an object, it moved continuously towards a dynamic of relations and interactions through which the object is constructed. From the body and the senses right down to practical and conceptual tools, the object is known through a mediation chain. From the evacuation of these mediations in the field of rational mechanics, we see how their thought is portrayed. The thought of instruments and these tools of knowledge thus become the first step towards objectivation. An analysis of the role of light in the area of knowledge reveals how light oscillates between thé statute of the object and that of the tool, both of them brighten one another mutually. The object becomes an objective which can be attained through a continuous thought of these mediations. The object is however not dissolve in this dialectics; it becomes a programmatic objective towards which attention is focussed, but in the shot of which the thought, through mediations an interactions, tries and will continue to try to neutralise the latter
Benec'h, Sébastien. "Modélisation des coefficients d'élargissement collisionnel des molécules du type toupie-symétrique impliquées dans la physico-chimie de l'atmosphère." Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ANGE0054.
Bouarar, Idir. "Impact de la mousson africaine sur la composition chimique de l'atmosphère en Afrique équatoriale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767800.
Gazeaux, Julien. "Méthodes probabilistes d'extraction de signaux cachés appliquées à des problèmes de sciences de l'atmosphère." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747464.
Larrechea, Michel. "Méthodologie de modélisation des connaissances dans le domaine du diagnostic technique." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10651.
Haeffelin, Martial. "Etude des performances de sondes radiométriques et des protocoles d'interprétation des données du bilan radiatif de la Terre." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10088.
Pariat, Etienne. "Injection de flux et d'hélicité magnétiques dans l'atmosphère solaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00108682.
Après avoir introduit cette problématique, à partir d'observations multi-longueurs d'onde (FGE, TRACE, SoHO, THEMIS), je montre pourquoi les tubes de flux magnétiques adoptent une forme ondulée au niveau de la photosphère et que des reconnexions magnétiques sont nécessaires à la progression des tubes de flux dans l'atmosphère solaire. Je présente ensuite les résultats d'une simulation numérique MHD 3D portant sur l'étude des conditions topologiques du déclenchement de la reconnexion magnétique. Enfin j'expose mes travaux analytiques sur la densité de flux d'hélicité magnétique, et leurs applications aux observations solaires.
Cette étude permet de faire le lien entre la génération de l'hélicité magnétique dans l'intérieur solaire, son injection et sa redistribution dans la couronne solaire et son éjection dans le milieu interplanétaire.
Dubuisson, Philippe. "Simulation du signal satellitaire en atmosphère nuageuse." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10071.
Martiny, Nadège. "Validation des corrections atmosphériques : application au capteur SeaWIFS en milieu côtier." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0071.
From space, the signal emitted by the ocean surface represents no more than 2% of the total signal measured by the satellites, which makes the water constituents concentrations difficult to derive. In order to interpret this signal (ocean colour activity), the first step to overcome is the atmospheric correction task. This work is properly performed when the signal measured on top of the atmosphere by the satellite sensors has been corrected for both the atmospheric effects as well as the coupling terms. Over coastal environments, the task is complicated by both the diversity of the aerosols and the turbidity of the waters. As a consequence, the atmospheric correction algorithms of the ocean colour sensors are not well adapted over such environments. This is illustrated by the frequency of failures such as derivations of negative water leaving reflectances at short wavelengths
Papazzoni, Mathieu. "Caractérisation des propriétés microphysiques et radiatives des nuages de glaces dans la Mousson d'Afrique de l'Ouest à partir de données aéroportées et satellite (AMMA)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0049.
To improve our knowledge of cloud processes is crucial to reduce errors due to the representation of clouds in current climate predictions and for numerical weather prediction. That is why the complex contribution of ice clouds to the water and radiative budgets needs to be clarified. In this framework this work strives to characterize ice cloud properties in the West-African monsoon system at different scales. In the first part a local study is carried out with data from the airborne cloud radar RASTA. Dynamical properties are obtained with a method specifically developed for this instrument. The contrast between land and ocean is also investigated with this data. The second part exploits a regional view of the phenomenon. Annual and monthly climatologies are developed with satellite data from CloudSat and CALIPSO in order to characterize the statistical properties of ice clouds and the dominant microphysical processes as a function of height. The characterization of the spatio-temporal variability of these ice cloud properties and of the frequency of occurrence of multilayer situations completes this work
Labit, Jean-Marc. "Modélisation multiphysique des transitoires d'insertion de réactivité et méthodologie de validation appliquée au réacteur CABRI." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI043.
Regarding their multiphysic nature, the modelling of RIA (Reactivity-Initiated Accident) raises some challenges, especially on the relevance of the models used in current calculation tools. These transients lead to an exponential power evolution that comes out of control if the reactor does not have natural feedback effects able to make the power decrease.CABRI is an experimental pulse reactor, funded by the french Institute for Radiological protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) and operated by CEA at the Cadarache nuclear center, France. Its aim is to study and thus to better understand effects of RIA on nuclear fuels. It offers the opportunity to validate tools involving multiphysic calculation schemes on reactivity insertions transients.First, the CABRI transients are studied on a theoretical point of view, by calculating characteristic times and energy deposit inside the core needed in order to observe different physical phenomena. This allows to build a QPIRT (Quantified Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table) of CABRI transients and, on this basis, a validation methodology. This methodology is progressive and sequential and enables validating separately phenomena modelling with CABRI experiments.Then, some specific neutronic, thermal-hydraulic and thermal-mechanic models for the modelling of CABRI transients are presented. They are implemented in CATHARE2, in a dedicated version for the modelling of RIA named PALANTIR. Results obtained with this modelling are presented in accordance with the validation matrix, and the sensitivity to the models is studied on some transients
Perat, Olivier. "Méthodologie de caractérisation de paramètres thermomécaniques de matériaux pour la microélectronique." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0009.
Optimisation of electronic circuits is mandatory to meet performance, reliability and cost requirements. Our investigation, performed in a Motorola, LAAS/CNRS, Région Midi-Pyrénées common laboratory, concerns the thermal fatigue induced failures of components. Our work deals with the development of a characterisation method of two thermomechanical parameters: the Young's modulus and the coefficient of thermal expansion. Starting from an analytical modelling of thermomechanical stresses, the method is based on the thermal deflection of bilayer cantilevers. Using a single experimental set-up, this method allows the determination of the two parameters as a function of temperature, with a fairly good resolution. Bilayer cantilevers, processed in a clean room, have led to the validation of the method and have provided interesting results concerning study of the thermal fatigue behaviour of heterogeneous assemblies
Lacome, Jean-Marc. "Contribution à l'étude de la modélisation physico-chimique de la basse atmosphère : cas de l'ozone et des hydrocarbures biogéniques." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30275.
Beth, Arnaud. "Modélisation semi-analytique des exosphères planétaires : analyse de l'influence des collisions et de la pression de radiation stellaire." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2589/.
The external part of the atmosphere, the exosphere, is not a well-known region. The densities are too low for many instruments compared with their detection capabilities, and the modeling of the particles dynamics can be complex. During my PhD thesis, I focused on two problems: the production of "satellite" particles from the scarce collisions in the lower exosphere and the influence of the radiation pressure on the exosphere structure. In the first part of my thesis, we modeled the influence of the scarce collisions near the exobase on the density profiles at higher altitudes for the Earth, Titan and Mars, through the production of "satellite" particles, which are neglected in the collisionless models. In a second part, I studied the effect of the radiation pressure on the structure of the exosphere with a semi-analytical approach. The radiation pressure changes the ballistic particle density profiles and implies strong asymmetries at high altitudes. It increases also the thermal escaping flux, which we determined analytically at the subsolar point. Finally, we studied its influence on the Three-Body problem and on the stability of the atmospheres, in particular for hot Jupiter exoplanets
Ramaroson, Richard Radiela Andrianaina. "Modélisation locale, à une et trois dimensions des processus photochimiques de l'atmosphère moyenne." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935265.
Quérel, Arnaud. "Lessivage de l'atmosphère par la pluie : approche microphysique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859330.
Burel, Nicolas. "Émersiologie et dynamique émotionnelle : une méthodologie d’analyse des comportements des enseignants d’éducation physique et sportive en classe." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB028.
Although teaching is mainly described as a cognitive activity based on rational choices, contemporary literature, mostly Anglo-Saxon, shows that emotions are at the heart of this profession (Hargreaves, 1998). While it is commonly accepted that the "good" teacher can trigger the interest, motivation, or self-confidence and enjoyment of the learner, talking about the emotions of the teacher himself is more exceptional. However, the spontaneous affective assessments made during the lesson facing the students seem likely to condition both its pedagogical attitude, and more broadly its well-being. In this Phd research work, we strive to better define this field of study through the review of different definitions and measures of emotion. From this initial bibliographic anchorage located both in the fields of the Psychology of Emotions and the Sciences of Education, the emotion of the teachers is empirically investigated on different scales through the questions of (i) its sedimentation in the experiment individual teachers, (ii) its effects on the pedagogical style of the teacher during the lesson, and (iii) the methodology of in situ capture of emotional dynamics through the investigation of its different components (Scherer, 2009)
Valla, Matthieu. "Etude d'un lidar doppler impulsionnel à laser Erbium fibré pour des mesures de champ de vent dans la couche limite de l'atmosphère." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0030.
A PhD work has been undertaken for the realization of an impulse coherent laser anemometer for the measurement of wind field solved in distance in the lower atmosphere. During its propagation, the pulse gradually probe the atmosphere in the ascending direction. It is thus possible to realize a distance resolved velocity measurement by cutting out the analysis of the signal retrodiffused in multiple temporal windows. The originality of this PhD work is the use of a 1. 55 µm erbium fiber amplifier in a nanosecond pulsed mode, which allows the realization of compact and reliable instruments, with ocular safety. The instrumental simulator calculates the carrier to noise ratio of a mono or bistatic lidar, using configurations of truncated Gaussian beams with or without atmospheric turbulence. In order to account for atmospheric turbulence, the simulator uses a screen phase propagation code. The exact calculation of the Cramér-Rao lower bound allows us to predict the performances of the digital processing associated with the instrument. This part contains a fine model of the spectrum of the lidar signal which highlights a form of "spectral leakage" related to the decorrelation of the signal due to the pulsed nature of the instrument. He availability of a laser able of 20 µJ pulses allowed the realization of a prototype which was able to make three simultaneous measurements at distances up to 130 meters, thus giving us the opportunity to validate by the experiment the spectrum model undertaken during this PhD work
Chaikh, Abdulhamid. "Méthodologie d'évaluation des impacts cliniques et dosimétriques d'un changement de procédure en radiothérapie : Aspect - Radio physique et médical." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704361.
Ungerer, Alexandre. "Méthodologie pour la parallélisation de programmes scientifiques : conception d'une carte à processeur parallèle." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10089.
Cantin, Audrey. "Comparaison de trois méthodes de traitement adaptatives en IMRT : le cas du cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30681/30681.pdf.
Lambert, Jean-Christopher. "Télédétection spatiale ultraviolette et visible de l'ozone et du dioxyde d'azote dans l'atmosphère globale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210883.
Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse portent d’une part sur la caractérisation du contenu en information géophysique accessible par ce type de sondage atmosphérique, et d’autre part sur la mise au point des méthodes et algorithmes d’inversion propres à la mission GOME.
Au cours des premiers chapitres, nous établissons les propriétés pluridimensionnelles de lissage et d’échantillonnage du champ atmosphérique associées à l’observation du rayonnement diffusé. Nous explorons ensuite les problèmes posés par le cycle diurne des oxydes d’azote, ainsi que l’effet des gradients atmosphériques interférant avec le chemin optique. Nous analysons enfin les capacités des réseaux de télédétection de l’Organisation Mondiale Météorologique (OMM) pour le diagnostic des algorithmes et données des systèmes satellitaires.
Deux chapitres sont ensuite consacrés à la mise au point des méthodes et algorithmes d’inversion DOAS pour le processeur GDP, qui traite de manière opérationnelle les données radiométriques acquises par GOME. Nous abordons successivement le problème de la dépendance en température des sections efficaces d’absorption, l’évaluation du facteur d’amplification géométrique du chemin optique, l’estimation de la colonne fantôme masquée par les nuages, les effets de l’anomalie magnétique sud-atlantique des ceintures de radiation, et l’incidence du dioxyde d’azote troposphérique. Suit un diagnostic systématique de la mise au point du processeur GDP sur base des données globales fournies par les réseaux de l’OMM, ainsi qu’une critique comparée des algorithmes TOMS de la NASA.
Le dernier chapitre décrit la construction de la première climatologie globale du dioxyde d’azote stratosphérique et de ses variations harmoniques. Développée pour nos études du facteur d’amplification géométrique, cette climatologie composite est issue de l’analyse conjointe des jeux de données complémentaires acquis par différents satellites, par des réseaux au sol et par des ballons stratosphériques.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ejjabraoui, Kamal. "Contribution à la conception de systèmes mécatroniques automobiles : méthodologie de pré-dimensionnement multi-niveau multi-physique de convertisseurs statiques." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112381.
Vidal, Sandrine. "Méthodologie d'interprétation des paramètres réservoir à partir des mesures du monitoring sismique, intégrant l'aspect géomécanique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066369.
D'Alexis, Christophe. "Mesures expérimentales dans les basses couches de l'atmosphère tropicale insulaire (Guadeloupe) : micro-météorologie et composition chimique des masses d'air nocturnes en zone de mangroves." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0438.
The presence of obstacles met in natural environment by the flow, influences the dispersion of air pollutants which it carries. This thesis, based on spatiotemporal micro-meteorological measurements in tropical region, aims at studying the dispersion of compounds emitted by the ecosystem mangrove according to the weather conditions. At a daily scale, the meteorological analysis reveals, besides the presence of Trade Winds, the existence of thermal flows of which nocturnal thermodynamic parameters have been defined. The field observation has shown that the weak intensity of the wind disadvantages the dispersion of compounds emitted during the night. At a finer scale, the existence of a spectral gap separating large scale phenomena of those related to turbulence has been demonstrated. These last ones were treated by spectral and statistical approaches to quantify the turbulent fluxes of momentum and sensible heat during the night, for an averaged duration of 13 minutes. The stratification of the surface layer has been considered and determined by Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The measurements acquired a night and the application of Kolmogorov theory allowed us to deduct the dissipation rate of energy and the size of the vortices at 5.5 meters in height. This work has also led us, by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, to identify, in mangrove, sulphurated volatil organic compounds, organohalogen, BTEX, ... Ali these results will later serve to feed dispersion models related to the studied ecosystem
Pechard-Presson, Béatrice. "Méthodologie pour l'étude par analyse d'images de la microstructure de matériaux composites biphasés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_PECHARD_PRESSON_B.pdf.
Oliveira, Erico Andrade Marques de. "Le rôle de la méthode dans la constitution de la physique cartésienne." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040110.
In our thesis, we try to demonstrate how the Cartesian physics, specially that of the Traité and of the Principes, is constituted from the mathesis. From this angle, we tried to see in the mathesis, on the one hand, a discipline that is able to substitute ambiguous representations, originated in the sensitive experience, through scientific codes, providing these codes a grammar - composed by laws which support the building of a net of empirical propositions. Thus, the mathesis enabled a “figuration” of nature, showing through experience the size of the compatibility between the real and the simulacrum of science. On the other hand, we tried to emphasize the normative role of the mathesis that constrains the sciences to display their results according to a common deductive order, which goes from the simplest results to the most obscure ones, demonstrating the conceptual dependence grade between them
Bubnova, Radmila. "Pouziti souradnice "hydrostaticky tlak" pro integraci elastického modelu dynamiky atmosféry v numerickém predpovednim systému ARPEGE/ALADIN=." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30067.
Marciniak, Marie-Hélène. "Etude numérique à mésoéchelle du cycle diurne d'une circulation atmosphérique côtière influencée par un relief complexe (expérience LASBEK)." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30112.
Musella, Riccardo. "Ab initio simulations of MgO and MgSiO3 for planetary modelling." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC052.
The interiors of exosolar planets represent a new fertile field at the interface of planetary science, high pressure physics and astronomy. The observations seem to indicate that rocky planets are the most numerous. Nevertheless, with the current technology, Earth-like planets are still hardly detectable and only new scientific programs could bring enough accuracy to obtain an unbiased sample of Earth-like objects. At present time, the characterized exoplanets more similar to the Earth are massive rocky planets, dubbed super-Earths. In this thesis, we have studied MgO, MgSiO3 and Fe compounds which are the main constituents of the deep interiors of massive rocky planets and possibly of cores of giant planets. The thermodynamic conditions inside these objects are very challenging to reproduce in laboratory; numerical simulations are sometimes the only available tool to explore the phase diagram of the minerais at such extreme conditions. We used ab initio molecular dynamics to provide data on MgO (up to pressure -10 TPa) and MgSiO3 (up to pressure -2 TPa) such as the equation of state, the melting line, the metallization etc. . . For Fe we used the orbital free molecular dynamics in order to extend the iron melting line up to -100 TPa. Our ab initio EOS tables obtained for MgO and MgSiO3 could be used to improve the models of massive exoplanets including aspects such as the influences of phase transitions, of time-evolution and a complete description of the thermal state. Also, the melting lines calculated for MgO, MgSiO3 and Fe may have a strong impact on these models. What language could be considered as their own? For them, when did French cease to be a foreign language ? More generally, what remains of an author who has chosen to express himself in another language?
Séjourné, Arnauld. "Conception d'un hypermédia et analyses de l'influence de l'organisation des contenus sur l'activité des élèves : Le cas de "Labdoc Son et Vibrations"." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000241.
Beaurepaire, Michel. "L'observation thermique de l'atmosphère en France et dans les pays proches aux dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles : L'invention du thermomètre. Le traitement des données anciennes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962194.
Vient, E. "Méthodologie de la calorimétrie et de la thermométrie des noyaux chauds formés lors de collisions nucléaires aux énergies de Fermi." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00141924.
Une méthode alternative de calorimétrie a été proposée et partiellement validée à l'aide du générateur d'événements HIPSE.
Kermarrec, Gilles. "Stratégies d'apprentisage et autorégulation en EPS [education physique et sportive] : une recherche descriptive en contexte scolaire." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20028.
@This study concerns components used to self-regulate in a learning context in physical education. Twenty-three students from third and fourth grades in french college were asked to describe their self-regulation process during a learning task. Datas (comportments and verbalisations) extracted from clarification interviews were classified with a content analysis method. A factorial analysis is used to confirm thematic categorization. Self-regulation in physical education can be described with six learning strategies, seven support strategies and four types of knowledgess about learning. Reciprocal relations between components of self-regulation were identified. Knowledges bring about using learning strategies and using learning strategies brings about using support strategies. High achieving in physical education can be significantly predicted with support strategies. Self-regulated students'models were identified : their using of self-regulation components depends on their academic school achievement. Discussing why students chose these components to take charge their own activity, an explorative study suggest that motivational (goals, perception of control) and cognitive (informations processing) factors could affect this process
Sridharan, Aravindan. "Laser-filament-induced condensation in sub-saturated environments." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30535/30535.pdf.
Laser filaments have unique advantages compared to other traditional methods when it comes to cloud seeding techniques. Till now, laser filament induced condensation has been observed in saturated or super-saturated conditions alone. Filament induced condensation in sub-saturated conditions remains mostly unexplored. We postulate that condensation is possible in sub-saturated conditions if femtosecond laser pulses of high repetition rate capable of generating a turbulence strong enough to contribute to the condensation process are used. To better understand condensation in sub-saturated conditions, an inverted cloud chamber is used. In our findings, we observe mist packets with and without a digital camera, as well as growth of water droplets under the filament, which in turn confirm our hypothesis.
Bergot, Thierry. "Modélisation du brouillard à l'aide d'un modèle 1D forcé par des champs mésoéchelle : application à la prévision." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30281.
Romero, Chacon Angel Enrique. "La mécanique d'Euler : prolégomènes à la pensée physique des milieux continus (principes et concepts physiques, et analytisation mathématique)." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070088.
Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) is regarded as one of the main developers of the Newtonian paradigm at de European continent, because the systematization of the foundations and main concepts of Newton's Mechanics following Newton's conceptions are attributed to him. We intend to show in this work that, on the contrary, an historical and epistemological analysis of Euler's work on Mechanics shows that Euler's conceptions about mechanics cannot be seen as just a continuation of the Newtonian tradition but, rather, as an alternative conceptual reorganization of the results obtained by Newton closely bound to the Leibnizian and Cartesian traditions. We follow Euler's research on the inner structure and development of Mechanics from his first works of 1736 as far as those of his mature years in 1750. In so doing, it is possible better to understand the historical evolution of his thought and, thus, better and more precisely compare his work with the contemporary works on the subject, specially D'alembert's. We show three dimensions of Euler's contribution to the science of mechanics: the nature an the roll of the epistemological assumptions underlaying his world's conception and their effects on his scientiflc work; the formulation and creation of his own physical concepts for the analysis of continuous mediums (as the strength and the internal pressure); the way he implements, by using the analysis, his conceptions of the relation of Physics and Mathematics. At the end of this work an idea stand out: Euler's Conception of space and bodies and the mathematical models he uses are quite adequate for the analysis of continuous mediums, as were developed afterwards in Physics
Chambon, Amalia. "Le Crédit Burnup des combustibles REP-MOx français : méthodologie et conservatismes associés à l'évaluation JEFF-3.1.1." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956580.
Caillard, Pierre. "Conception par optimisation d'une chaine de traction électrique et de son contrôle par modélisation multi-physique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0025/document.
The works of this thesis concern the optimal design methodology of an electric vehicl powertrain, in early development phase. The first part of this report introduces th environmental context of transportation in order to assess the problem of system design o an electric powertrain which includes a transmission, an induction machine, an inverter an a battery. The selected study case is a Renault Twizy. The second part deals with modelin choices and details the analytic models of the components. Then these models are pu together to get an estimate of the vehicle range, by calculating the components’ losses an the powertrain cost. The third part is devoted to methods and optimization strategies wit the objective to use the systemic model with driving cycles, electric machine control and th physics of each component, without increasing too much computing times. The final par presents results from optimal designs, by comparing several variables or objectives sets Results show how significant the systemic design is. Experiments on a test bench allow validating the hypothesis that have been made
Morville, Stéphane. "Analyse d'HAPs, Phénols et nitrophénols dans l'atmosphère : Evaluation de la contamination des deux phases atmosphériques (gaz et particules). Comparaison entre zones urbaines, péri-urbaine et rurale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13225.
Larcher, Gwénaëlle. "Profil spectral des raies d'absorption du dioxyde de carbone en vue d'application à l'étude de l'atmosphère de la Terre par télédétection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066029.
This work is devoted to the theoretical and experimental studies of the spectral shape of isolated absorption lines of carbon dioxide, a key species of the Earth's atmosphere. The objective of this PhD thesis is to test the different line-shape models that take into account various velocity effects affecting the spectral shape of CO2 absorption lines. The experimental part consists of measurements of spectroscopic parameters of pure CO2 using a tunable External Cavity Diode Laser setup. In the theoretical part, different spectral profiles were used to fit the measured spectra. The results show that the Voigt profile leads to important residuals and it is thus necessary to take into account both Dicke narrowing and the speed dependence of collisional parameters to adequately describe the experimental spectral profile. The HTP profile, developed recently, was also used to model the spectral profile of CO2 lines. This model has been validated by this study. Molecular dynamics simulations for pure CO2 and CO2 perturbed by N2 were also conducted to study more precisely the “non-Voigt” effects observed. The goal here was to determine the influence of several parameters on these effects. We compared the theoretical simulations with our measurements. For pure CO2, we could show that the intermolecular potential chosen to model the existing interactions had no influence on the evolution of these effects as a function of pressure. Furthermore, no rovibrational dependence could be found. The results for CO2 mixed in N2 showed a dependence of the evolution of these effects depending on the CO2/N2 mixing ratio
Houmba, Philippe. "Etude d'un matériau céramique industriel : transformations physiques et minéralogiques en fonction de la température et de l'atmosphère de cuisson." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13004.