Journal articles: 'Physiology of landscape'

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Noble, Denis, Julie Chan, Penny Hansen, Walter Boron, and Peter Wagner. "The Landscape of Physiology." Physiology 31, no. 1 (January 2016): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00052.2015.

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Celestian, Sarah, and Chris Martin. "Effects of Parking Lot Location on Size and Physiology of Four Southwestern U.S. Landscape Trees." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 31, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2005.024.

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This study evaluated effects of two parking lot landscape locations on size and physiology of four regionally common landscape tree species. Tree size measurements were made during August 2001 and 2002 and tree gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were measured during April and August 2002. Trees were mostly smaller and leaf gas exchange fluxes were lower for Australian bottle tree (Brachychiton populenus Schott & Endl.), Arizona ash (Fraxinus velutina Torr.), and Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.) located within narrow landscaped medians surrounded by asphalt compared with similarly aged trees in large landscaped areas along the parking lot perimeters. In contrast, parking lot location had no statistical effect on size of Argentine mesquite (Prosopis alba Griebach) except for diameter at breast height, which was significantly less for trees in the landscaped medians in 2002. Leaf chlorophyll concentrations of all trees located in landscaped medians were lower than those of trees within surrounding landscaped perimeter areas except for Australian bottle tree, which had higher significantly leaf chlorophyll concentration during April when located in landscaped medians. Based on these results, Argentine mesquite appears to be the best of these four tree species for use in commercial parking lot landscapes because its growth and physiological function were least affected by parking lot location.

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Ellis, Rebecca D., Todd J. McWhorter, and Martine Maron. "Integrating landscape ecology and conservation physiology." Landscape Ecology 27, no. 1 (November 8, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9671-6.

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Koller, Jeffrey R., Deanna H. Gates, Daniel P. Ferris, and C. David Remy. "Confidence in the curve: Establishing instantaneous cost mapping techniques using bilateral ankle exoskeletons." Journal of Applied Physiology 122, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00710.2016.

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Lower extremity robotic prostheses and exoskeletons can require tuning a large number of control parameters on a subject-specific basis to reduce users’ metabolic power during locomotion. We refer to the functional relationship between control parameter configurations and users’ metabolic power as the metabolic cost landscape. Standard practice for estimating a metabolic cost landscape, and thus identifying optimal parameter configurations, is to vary control parameters while measuring steady-state metabolic power during walking. This approach is time consuming, tedious, and inefficient. We have developed an instantaneous cost mapping analysis that allows for an estimate of the metabolic cost landscape without the explicit need for steady-state measurements. Here we present novel methods to quantify the confidence in an estimated metabolic cost landscape, allowing for an objective subject-specific comparison of protocols regardless of which metabolic analysis is used. We validated these techniques by estimating metabolic cost landscapes for healthy subjects walking with bilateral robotic ankle exoskeletons using a standard practice protocol and two innovative protocols that use an instantaneous cost mapping analysis. All cost landscapes were a function of the devices’ actuation timing. Results showed that for this device a protocol using an instantaneous cost mapping analysis could accurately identify optimal parameter configurations in 20 min, where the standard practice protocol required 42 min. Additionally, using an instantaneous cost mapping analysis with the standard practice’s parameter exploration significantly improved fit confidence. These methods could greatly improve real-time optimization of robotic assistive devices or studies focused on biomechanical manipulations of locomotion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We are presenting novel subject-specific metabolic cost landscape confidence analyses. These confidence analyses can greatly improve experimental design, intersubject analysis, and the comparison of landscape mapping protocols. We validated these methods by mapping subject-specific metabolic cost landscapes using bilateral ankle exoskeletons and are presenting the first full study using instantaneous cost mapping techniques to optimally tune an assistive robotic device.

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Porter, W. P. "Physiology on a Landscape Scale: Plant-Animal Interactions." Integrative and Comparative Biology 42, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.3.431.

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Cregg, Bert M., and Robert Schutzki. "Weed Control and Organic Mulches Affect Physiology and Growth of Landscape Shrubs." HortScience 44, no. 5 (August 2009): 1419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1419.

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Landscape mulches are widely promoted to improve soil moisture retention, suppress weeds, and improve the growth of landscape plants. The objective of this project was to determine the effect of common landscape mulches (pine bark, hardwood fines, cypress mulch, color-enhanced ground pallets) on soil moisture, soil pH, weed control, and physiology and growth of landscape shrubs. Two additional treatments were not mulched: no mulch + no weed control and no mulch + weed control. Growth was measured on eight taxa (Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’, Spiraea ×bumalda ‘Goldflame’, Weigela florida ‘Java red’, Taxus ×media ‘Runyan’, Thuja occidentalis ‘Golden Globe’, Hydrangea paniculata ‘Tardiva’, Viburnum dentatum ‘Synnestvedt’, Viburnum trilobum ‘Compactum’). Leaf gas exchange [net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance (g s)] were measured on Hydrangea paniculata, V. dentatum, and V. trilobum only. All mulches increased soil moisture compared with no mulch + weed control. There was no difference in soil pH or foliar nitrogen among treatments. All mulches, except cypress mulch, increased plant growth of most shrub taxa compared with no mulch without weed control. Mulches increased g S relative to no mulch without weed control. Photosynthetic rates of plants mulched with cypress mulch were less than the other mulches and not different from no mulch. Overall, the result suggests that, except for cypress mulch, the organic mulches tested are equally effective in improving growth of landscape plants. Reduced photosynthetic efficiency and growth of shrubs with cypress mulch suggest potential allelopathic effects.

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Martinson, Richard, John Lambrinos, and Ricardo Mata-González. "Water Stress Patterns of Xerophytic Plants in an Urban Landscape." HortScience 54, no. 5 (May 2019): 818–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13498-18.

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Efficient water use in urban landscapes is a common objective throughout the western United States. Vegetative species promoted for their drought tolerance characteristics are often included in landscapes designed for resource conservation. However, water requirements of most common landscape species have not been quantified. This is especially true for xerophytic species. This lack of landscape plant water requirement data is a significant constraint on the design of efficient irrigation systems and management practices affecting urban landscape water use. Current irrigation practices often fail to consider the unique physiology of xerophytic species, and irrigation scheduling models may not be appropriate for xeric landscapes using xerophytic vegetation as the primary method of reducing water use. This work describes the seasonal patterns of growth and xylem water status for four regionally native xeric shrub species planted in an unirrigated urban landscape in the semi-arid environment of central Oregon. The four species (Artemisia tridentata, Holodiscus microphyllus, Ericameria nauseosa, and Ribes cereum) exhibited substantial growth over the course of 18 months without irrigation in a heavily modified urban soil profile. Water potential of the four species was strongly correlated with surface (10 cm) soil moisture (r ≥ 0.90), less so with reference monthly evapotranspiration (r ≤ 0.55), and only weakly with water vapor deficit (r ≤ 0.22). In A. tridentata and H. microphyllus, xylem water potential became more negative during the growing season and tracked the seasonal decline in soil moisture. In contrast, the xylem water potential of E. nauseosa and R. cereum tracked soil moisture early in the season but became less responsive to soil moisture in the driest months, suggesting different drought adaptation strategies in these species. Three of the four species showed no visual signs of drought stress and maintained acceptable aesthetics even as soil moisture decreased to less than 10%. However, R. cereum exhibited a drought dormancy strategy that made it less aesthetically desirable. These results suggest that extreme xerophytic shrubs provide an opportunity for significant reductions in water use in urban landscapes.

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Gargaro, Marco, Giulia Scalisi, Giorgia Manni, Giada Mondanelli, Ursula Grohmann, and Francesca Fallarino. "The Landscape of AhR Regulators and Coregulators to Fine-Tune AhR Functions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020757.

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The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates numerous cellular responses. Originally investigated in toxicology because of its ability to bind environmental contaminants, AhR has attracted enormous attention in the field of immunology in the last 20 years. In addition, the discovery of endogenous and plant-derived ligands points to AhR also having a crucial role in normal cell physiology. Thus, AhR is emerging as a promiscuous receptor that can mediate either toxic or physiologic effects upon sensing multiple exogenous and endogenous molecules. Within this scenario, several factors appear to contribute to the outcome of gene transcriptional regulation by AhR, including the nature of the ligand as such and its further metabolism by AhR-induced enzymes, the local tissue microenvironment, and the presence of coregulators or specific transcription factors in the cell. Here, we review the current knowledge on the array of transcription factors and coregulators that, by interacting with AhR, tune its transcriptional activity in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands.

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Lin, Aijing, Kang K. L. Liu, Ronny P. Bartsch, and Plamen Ch Ivanov. "Delay-correlation landscape reveals characteristic time delays of brain rhythms and heart interactions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2067 (May 13, 2016): 20150182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0182.

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Within the framework of ‘Network Physiology’, we ask a fundamental question of how modulations in cardiac dynamics emerge from networked brain–heart interactions. We propose a generalized time-delay approach to identify and quantify dynamical interactions between physiologically relevant brain rhythms and the heart rate. We perform empirical analysis of synchronized continuous EEG and ECG recordings from 34 healthy subjects during night-time sleep. For each pair of brain rhythm and heart interaction, we construct a delay-correlation landscape (DCL) that characterizes how individual brain rhythms are coupled to the heart rate, and how modulations in brain and cardiac dynamics are coordinated in time. We uncover characteristic time delays and an ensemble of specific profiles for the probability distribution of time delays that underly brain–heart interactions. These profiles are consistently observed in all subjects, indicating a universal pattern. Tracking the evolution of DCL across different sleep stages, we find that the ensemble of time-delay profiles changes from one physiologic state to another, indicating a strong association with physiologic state and function. The reported observations provide new insights on neurophysiological regulation of cardiac dynamics, with potential for broad clinical applications. The presented approach allows one to simultaneously capture key elements of dynamic interactions, including characteristic time delays and their time evolution, and can be applied to a range of coupled dynamical systems.

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Poll, Brian G., Lihe Chen, Chung-Lin Chou, Viswanathan Raghuram, and Mark A. Knepper. "Landscape of GPCR expression along the mouse nephron." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 321, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): F50—F68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00077.2021.

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Kidney transport and other renal functions are regulated by multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed along the renal tubule. The rapid, recent appearance of comprehensive unbiased gene expression data in the various renal tubule segments, chiefly RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data, has provided a means of identifying patterns of GPCR expression along the renal tubule. To allow for comprehensive mapping, we first curated a comprehensive list of GPCRs in the genomes of mice, rats, and humans ( https://hpcwebapps.cit.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/GPCRs/ ) using multiple online data sources. We used this list to mine segment-specific and cell type-specific expression data from RNA-sequencing studies in microdissected mouse tubule segments to identify GPCRs that are selectively expressed in discrete tubule segments. Comparisons of these mapped mouse GPCRs with other omics datasets as well as functional data from isolated perfused tubule and micropuncture studies confirmed patterns of expression for well-known receptors and identified poorly studied GPCRs that are likely to play roles in the regulation of renal tubule function. Thus, we provide data resources for GPCR expression across the renal tubule, highlighting both well-known GPCRs and understudied receptors to provide guidance for future studies.

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Gandhi, Shrey, Anika Witten, Federica De Majo, Martijn Gilbers, Jos Maessen, Ulrich Schotten, Leon J. de Windt, and Monika Stoll. "Evolutionarily conserved transcriptional landscape of the heart defining the chamber specific physiology." Genomics 113, no. 6 (November 2021): 3782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.002.

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Anbarasan, Thineskrishna, and Jean-Christophe Bourdon. "The Emerging Landscape of p53 Isoforms in Physiology, Cancer and Degenerative Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 6257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246257.

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p53, first described four decades ago, is now established as a master regulator of cellular stress response, the “guardian of the genome”. p53 contributes to biological robustness by behaving in a cellular-context dependent manner, influenced by several factors (e.g., cell type, active signalling pathways, the type, extent and intensity of cellular damage, cell cycle stage, nutrient availability, immune function). The p53 isoforms regulate gene transcription and protein expression in response to the stimuli so that the cell response is precisely tuned to the cell signals and cell context. Twelve isoforms of p53 have been described in humans. In this review, we explore the interactions between p53 isoforms and other proteins contributing to their established cellular functions, which can be both tumour-suppressive and oncogenic in nature. Evidence of p53 isoform in human cancers is largely based on RT-qPCR expression studies, usually investigating a particular type of isoform. Beyond p53 isoform functions in cancer, it is implicated in neurodegeneration, embryological development, progeroid phenotype, inflammatory pathology, infections and tissue regeneration, which are described in this review.

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Luczak, Elizabeth D., Kristen K. B. Barthel, Brian L. Stauffer, John P. Konhilas, Tom H. Cheung, and Leslie A. Leinwand. "Remodeling the cardiac transcriptional landscape with diet." Physiological Genomics 43, no. 12 (June 2011): 772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00237.2010.

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The perception that soy food products and dietary supplements will have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health has led to a massive consumer market. However, we have previously noted that diet profoundly affects disease progression in a genetic model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In this model, a soy-based diet negatively impacts cardiac function in male mice. Given the frequent connection between functional changes and transcriptional changes, we investigated the effect of diet (soy- vs. milk-based) on cardiac gene expression and how it is affected by the additional factors of sex and disease. We found that gene expression in the heart is altered more by diet than by sex or an inherited disease. We also found that the healthy male heart may be sensitized to dietary perturbations of gene expression in that it displays a gene expression profile more similar to diseased male and female hearts than to healthy female hearts. These observations may in part account for documented divergence in HCM phenotypes between males and females and between diets.

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Antunes, Fernando. "Modeling of cellular hydrogen peroxide landscape." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 165 (March 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.284.

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Rambla, José L., Yury M. Tikunov, Antonio J. Monforte, Arnaud G. Bovy, and Antonio Granell. "The expanded tomato fruit volatile landscape." Journal of Experimental Botany 65, no. 16 (August 2013): 4613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru128.

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Tang, Laura H. "Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Landscape and Horizon." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 144, no. 7 (April 16, 2020): 816–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0654-ra.

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Context.— Since the initial description of pancreatic endocrine physiology and the recognition of islet cell tumors in the 1800s, there have been noteworthy advances in the pathobiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs), and definition of the important distinction between well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PanNEC). The evolving knowledge has resulted in a continuous update in terminology, classification, and grading system for this group of neoplasms. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors associated with hereditary conditions have been linked to unique molecular and genetic events, and sporadic PanNETs have specific gene signatures. Based on accumulative experience and knowledge, therapeutic strategies have been defined for this group of neoplasms. Objective.— To review the evolution and description of the pathologic-genomic evolution of PanNENs, and to facilitate accurate pathologic interpretation for the corresponding clinical management. Data Sources.— Literature review of published studies and author's own work. Conclusions.— Evolving experience and knowledge have established subtypes of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, based on their genotype and phenotype. Accurate pathologic interpretation of the specific neoplasm has significant implications for therapy and prognosis.

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Jiang, Shuai, Si-Jin Cheng, Li-Chen Ren, Qian Wang, Yu-Jian Kang, Yang Ding, Mei Hou, et al. "An expanded landscape of human long noncoding RNA." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 7842–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz621.

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Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of multiple essential biological processes involved in physiology and pathology. By analyzing the largest compendium of 14,166 samples from normal and tumor tissues, we significantly expand the landscape of human long noncoding RNA with a high-quality atlas: RefLnc (Reference catalog of LncRNA). Powered by comprehensive annotation across multiple sources, RefLnc helps to pinpoint 275 novel intergenic lncRNAs correlated with sex, age or race as well as 369 novel ones associated with patient survival, clinical stage, tumor metastasis or recurrence. Integrated in a user-friendly online portal, the expanded catalog of human lncRNAs provides a valuable resource for investigating lncRNA function in both human biology and cancer development.

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Cannell, Melvin G. R. "Tree crop physiology." Forest Ecology and Management 26, no. 2 (January 1989): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90044-3.

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Newton, A. C. "Forest tree physiology." Forest Ecology and Management 46, no. 1-2 (December 1991): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90250-y.

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Suades, Rosa, and Francesco Cosentino. "The environment, epigenetic landscape and cardiovascular risk." Cardiovascular Research 115, no. 13 (June 23, 2019): e147-e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvz150.

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Franklin, Steven E., Michael B. Lavigne, Michael A. Wulder, and Gordon B. Stenhouse. "Change detection and landscape structure mapping using remote sensing." Forestry Chronicle 78, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc78618-5.

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Satellite remote sensing has long held promise as a powerful method of detecting forest canopy changes and mapping landscape structure over vast, often multi-jurisdictional forest areas. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) spectral response, for example, can be related accurately to changes in physiology and cover at a range of small to intermediate mapping scales. These data have been available continuously for almost 20 years; many areas have earlier satellite image archives stretching back to the 1970s. When considering spatially-explicit changes to landscapescaused by natural and human disturbancesover this time period, digital, synoptic, and repeatable satellite remotely-sensed data are emerging as the observational media of choice that forest managers must possess and use wisely. In this paper, successful use of satellite remote sensing in two of Canadas Model Forests is described. First, in the Fundy Model Forest in southeastern New Brunswick, a 15-year TM image sequence was used to detect area changes associated with different harvesting and silvicultural practices. Second, in the Foothills Model Forest in west-central Alberta, grizzly bear habitat maps have been created from multi-scene TM land cover mosaics. These map products constitute critical information on landscape change and configuration required to answer key management questions. The paper concludes with a prognosis for the future role of satellite remote sensing in sustainable forest management as data quality continues to improve (i.e., increasing spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric resolutions), and methods are brought into the purview of forest managers and practitioners. Key words: remote sensing, landscape change, forest fragmentation, human disturbance, management information needs, habitat

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Small, Brian C., and Elliott C. Kittel. "Researching the Physiology and Culture ofScaphirhynchusSturgeon." Fisheries 38, no. 5 (May 22, 2013): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2013.787611.

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Hipp, Andrew L., Paul S. Manos, Marlene Hahn, Michael Avishai, Cathérine Bodénès, Jeannine Cavender‐Bares, Andrew A. Crowl, et al. "Genomic landscape of the global oak phylogeny." New Phytologist 226, no. 4 (October 14, 2019): 1198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16162.

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Dimauro, Ivan, and Daniela Caporossi. "Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape?" Free Radical Biology and Medicine 198 (March 2023): S11—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.047.

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Chopra, Deepak. "Metabolism, Microbiota-Host Interactions, Aging and Stress Response: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of the Physiological Fitness Landscape." Journal of Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine 7, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/acim-7562/100211.

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Using methods first developed in the physical sciences and adapting them to medicine and physiology, as is proposed here regarding the Physiological Fitness Landscape, can be a powerful tool in the management of disease and in the maintenance of long health span.

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Smythe, Paisleigh, and Holly N. Wilkinson. "The Skin Microbiome: Current Landscape and Future Opportunities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043950.

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Our skin is the largest organ of the body, serving as an important barrier against the harsh extrinsic environment. Alongside preventing desiccation, chemical damage and hypothermia, this barrier protects the body from invading pathogens through a sophisticated innate immune response and co-adapted consortium of commensal microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiota. These microorganisms inhabit distinct biogeographical regions dictated by skin physiology. Thus, it follows that perturbations to normal skin homeostasis, as occurs with ageing, diabetes and skin disease, can cause microbial dysbiosis and increase infection risk. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts in skin microbiome research, highlighting pertinent links between skin ageing, the microbiome and cutaneous repair. Moreover, we address gaps in current knowledge and highlight key areas requiring further exploration. Future advances in this field could revolutionise the way we treat microbial dysbiosis associated with skin ageing and other pathologies.

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Williams, W. F., Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe, and Marilyn Renfree. "Reproductive Physiology of Marsupials." Journal of Wildlife Management 53, no. 2 (April 1989): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801160.

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Bouma, Berto J., and Barbara J. M. Mulder. "Changing Landscape of Congenital Heart Disease." Circulation Research 120, no. 6 (March 17, 2017): 908–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.116.309302.

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Koch, A., and A. Schwab. "Cutaneous pH landscape as a facilitator of melanoma initiation and progression." Acta Physiologica 225, no. 1 (June 17, 2018): e13105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apha.13105.

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Struk, Sylwia, Anse Jacobs, Elena Sánchez Martín-Fontecha, Kris Gevaert, Pilar Cubas, and Sofie Goormachtig. "Exploring the protein-protein interaction landscape in plants." Plant, Cell & Environment 42, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 387–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13433.

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Lozoya, Oswaldo, and Janine Santos. "The Crosstalk Between Mitochondria and the Epigenetic Landscape." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 112 (November 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.116.

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Mlynarek, Julia J., Daniel G. Bert, G. Haydeé Peralta-Vázquez, Joanna A. James, and Mark R. Forbes. "Relationships between gregarine infection in damselflies, wetland type, and landscape characteristics." Canadian Entomologist 143, no. 5 (September 2011): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n11-028.

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AbstractAlthough human-modified landscapes are characterized by the loss of natural habitats, new habitats also can be created and exploited by many species. The importance of landscape change to invertebrate associations (particularly host-parasite associations) is understudied. Our objective was to determine whether prevalence and intensity of gregarine parasitism in the damselfly Ischnura verticalis (Say) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) differed between 17 artificial and 7 natural wetlands in landscapes that varied in amount of forest and wetland cover and road density determined at spatial extents of 500m and 1km from each wetland. Wetlands were located in and around Ottawa, Ontario, and Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. Wetland type did not account for significant variation in principal components based on forest and wetland cover and road density at either spatial extent. Gregarine prevalence was higher in damselflies collected from natural wetlands than in those collected from artificial wetlands and was positively associated with increasing forest cover. In contrast, gregarine intensity was inversely related to road density. Our results suggest that parasitism of damselflies by gregarines is associated with wetland type and landscape characteristics, although the mechanisms producing such relationships are unknown.

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Antonov, I. A. "New Data on Landscape Distribution of Ants of the Genus Myrmica Latr. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Baikal Region." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology 33 (2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2020.33.62.

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Ants of the genus Myrmica Latr. are one of the abundant insects in many ecosystems of the Baikal region. Information on their landscape distribution is of great theoretical and practical value because Myrmica ants have important functions in the terrestrial ecosystems. The ants had been collected in the Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia from 2002 to 2011. The method of route survey with a strip width of 2 m was used. Garmin GPS 12 was used to register the geographical coordinates of the locations of the ants' nests. The collected ant specimens were fixed and stored in 1.5 ml Eppendorf microtubes filled with 95% ethanol. In total 151 nest samples were investigated. All material used in this study is stored in the entomological collection of the Core Facilities Center “Bioresource Center” at the Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS (Irkutsk, Russia). The analysis was carried out by means of GIS technology. The published map "Landscapes of the south of East Siberia" was the basis for this analysis. The V.B. Sochava’s methodical developments in the field of landscape studies were used. The main mapping units were geomes. Determination of the landscape distribution of ants was conducted by SQL-queries using a vector landscape layer and a point vector layer of the locations of the nests of ants. 14 species were identified during data processing. It has been found that the nests of ants were located within 15 geomes. M. angulinodis and M. ruginodis are the most common ants of the genus Myrmica in the Baikal region. The most of M. angulinodis nests (32.5%) were recorded in mountain taiga larch forests of limited development and the most of M. ruginodis nests (48.6%) are in the foothill subtaiga pine forests. The largest species number was recorded in the foothill subtaiga pine forests (six species) and the mountain west-transbaikalia geosystems of daurian type (five species). A more detailed picture of the landscape distribution of Myrmica ants was obtained in comparison with previous works. The obtained data on the landscape distribution of ants were in good agreement with field and literary data.

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Hou, Jing, Guihong Tan, Gerald R. Fink, Brenda J. Andrews, and Charles Boone. "Complex modifier landscape underlying genetic background effects." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 11 (February 25, 2019): 5045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820915116.

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The phenotypic consequence of a given mutation can be influenced by the genetic background. For example, conditional gene essentiality occurs when the loss of function of a gene causes lethality in one genetic background but not another. Between two individual Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, S288c and Σ1278b, ∼1% of yeast genes were previously identified as “conditional essential.” Here, in addition to confirming that some conditional essential genes are modified by a nonchromosomal element, we show that most cases involve a complex set of genomic modifiers. From tetrad analysis of S288C/Σ1278b hybrid strains and whole-genome sequencing of viable hybrid spore progeny, we identified complex sets of multiple genomic regions underlying conditional essentiality. For a smaller subset of genes, including CYS3 and CYS4, each of which encodes components of the cysteine biosynthesis pathway, we observed a segregation pattern consistent with a single modifier associated with conditional essentiality. In natural yeast isolates, we found that the CYS3/CYS4 conditional essentiality can be caused by variation in two independent modifiers, MET1 and OPT1, each with roles associated with cellular cysteine physiology. Interestingly, the OPT1 allelic variation appears to have arisen independently from separate lineages, with rare allele frequencies below 0.5%. Thus, while conditional gene essentiality is usually driven by genetic interactions associated with complex modifier architectures, our analysis also highlights the role of functionally related, genetically independent, and rare variants.

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Anderson, Rick, and T. Scott Plutchak. "The Changing Landscape of Academic Publishing." Circulation 133, no. 22 (May 31, 2016): 2212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.116.023073.

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Hojo, Hironori, and Shinsuke Ohba. "Gene regulatory landscape in osteoblast differentiation." Bone 137 (August 2020): 115458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2020.115458.

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Boyd, C. A. R. "Amine uptake and peptide hormone secretion: APUD cells in a new landscape." Journal of Physiology 531, no. 3 (March 2001): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0581h.x.

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Ryder, Sean P. "Protein-mRNA interactome capture: cartography of the mRNP landscape." F1000Research 5 (November 3, 2016): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9404.1.

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RNA-binding proteins play a variety of roles in cellular physiology. Some regulate mRNA processing, mRNA abundance, and translation efficiency. Some fight off invader RNA through small RNA-driven silencing pathways. Others sense foreign sequences in the form of double-stranded RNA and activate the innate immune response. Yet others, for example cytoplasmic aconitase, act as bi-functional proteins, processing metabolites in one conformation and regulating metabolic gene expression in another. Not all are involved in gene regulation. Some play structural roles, for example, connecting the translational machinery to the endoplasmic reticulum outer membrane. Despite their pervasive role and relative importance, it has remained difficult to identify new RNA-binding proteins in a systematic, unbiased way. A recent body of literature from several independent labs has defined robust, easily adaptable protocols for mRNA interactome discovery. In this review, I summarize the methods and review some of the intriguing findings from their application to a wide variety of biological systems.

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Johnson, Mark I. "The Landscape of Chronic Pain: Broader Perspectives." Medicina 55, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050182.

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Chronic pain is a global health concern. This special issue on matters related to chronic pain aims to draw on research and scholarly discourse from an eclectic mix of areas and perspectives. The purpose of this non-systematic topical review is to précis an assortment of contemporary topics related to chronic pain and its management to nurture debate about research, practice and health care policy. The review discusses the phenomenon of pain, the struggle that patients have trying to legitimize their pain to others, the utility of the acute–chronic dichotomy, and the burden of chronic pain on society. The review describes the introduction of chronic primary pain in the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Disease, 11th Revision and discusses the importance of biopsychosocial approaches to manage pain, the consequences of overprescribing and shifts in service delivery in primary care settings. The second half of the review explores pain perception as a multisensory perceptual inference discussing how contexts, predictions and expectations contribute to the malleability of somatosensations including pain, and how this knowledge can inform the development of therapies and strategies to alleviate pain. Finally, the review explores chronic pain through an evolutionary lens by comparing modern urban lifestyles with genetic heritage that encodes physiology adapted to live in the Paleolithic era. I speculate that modern urban lifestyles may be painogenic in nature, worsening chronic pain in individuals and burdening society at the population level.

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Das, Andrew B., Annika R. Seddon, Karina M. O'Connor, and Mark B. Hampton. "Regulation of the epigenetic landscape by immune cell oxidants." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 170 (July 2021): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.453.

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HALL, VALERIE A. "Recent landscape history from a Co. Down lake deposit." New Phytologist 115, no. 2 (June 1990): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00464.x.

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Thomas, Douglas D., Julie L. Heinecke, Lisa A. Ridnour, Robert Y. Cheng, Aparna H. Kesarwala, Christopher H. Switzer, Daniel W. McVicar, et al. "Signaling and stress: The redox landscape in NOS2 biology." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 87 (October 2015): 204–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.002.

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Start, Denon, Shannon McCauley, and Benjamin Gilbert. "Physiology underlies the assembly of ecological communities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 23 (May 21, 2018): 6016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802091115.

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Trait-based community ecology promises an understanding of the factors that determine species abundances and distributions across habitats. However, ecologists are often faced with large suites of potentially important traits, making generalizations across ecosystems and species difficult or even impossible. Here, we hypothesize that key traits structuring ecological communities may be causally dependent on common physiological mechanisms and that elucidating these mechanisms can help us understand the distributions of traits and species across habitats. We test this hypothesis by investigating putatively causal relationships between physiological and behavioral traits at the species and community levels in larvae of 17 species of dragonfly that co-occur at the landscape scale but segregate among lakes. We use tools borrowed from phenotypic selection analyses to show that physiological traits underlie activity rate, which has opposing effects on foraging and predator avoidance behaviors. The effect of activity on these behaviors ultimately shapes species distributions and community composition in habitats with either large-bodied fish or invertebrates as top predators. Remarkably, despite the inherent complexity of ecological communities, the expression of just two biomolecules accounts for a high proportion of the variation in behavioral traits and hence, dragonfly community composition between habitats. We suggest that causal relationships among traits can drive species distributions and community assembly.

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LE MAITRE, D. C. "Predicting Invasive Species Impacts on Hydrological Processes: The Consequences of Plant Physiology for Landscape Processes1." Weed Technology 18, sp1 (December 2004): 1408–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0890-037x(2004)018[1408:pisioh]2.0.co;2.

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Ali, Ahmad, Ugo Chianese, Chiara Papulino, Antonella Toraldo, Mawada Elmagboul Abdalla Abakar, Eugenia Passaro, Rosario Cennamo, Nunzio Del Gaudio, Lucia Altucci, and Rosaria Benedetti. "Metabolic Pathways as a Novel Landscape in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma." Cancers 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 3799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14153799.

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Metabolism plays a fundamental role in both human physiology and pathology, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other tumors. Anabolic and catabolic processes do not only have energetic implications but are tightly associated with other cellular activities, such as DNA duplication, redox reactions, and cell homeostasis. PDAC displays a marked metabolic phenotype and the observed reduction in tumor growth induced by calorie restriction with in vivo models supports the crucial role of metabolism in this cancer type. The aggressiveness of PDAC might, therefore, be reduced by interventions on bioenergetic circuits. In this review, we describe the main metabolic mechanisms involved in PDAC growth and the biological features that may favor its onset and progression within an immunometabolic context. We also discuss the need to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice in order to offer alternative therapeutic approaches for PDAC patients in the more immediate future.

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Li, Xing, Almudena Martinez-Fernandez, Katherine A. Hartjes, Jean-Pierre A. Kocher, Timothy M. Olson, Andre Terzic, and Timothy J. Nelson. "Transcriptional atlas of cardiogenesis maps congenital heart disease interactome." Physiological Genomics 46, no. 13 (July 1, 2014): 482–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00015.2014.

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Mammalian heart development is built on highly conserved molecular mechanisms with polygenetic perturbations resulting in a spectrum of congenital heart diseases (CHD). However, knowledge of cardiogenic ontogeny that regulates proper cardiogenesis remains largely based on candidate-gene approaches. Mapping the dynamic transcriptional landscape of cardiogenesis from a genomic perspective is essential to integrate the knowledge of heart development into translational applications that accelerate disease discovery efforts toward mechanistic-based treatment strategies. Herein, we designed a time-course transcriptome analysis to investigate the genome-wide dynamic expression landscape of innate murine cardiogenesis ranging from embryonic stem cells to adult cardiac structures. This comprehensive analysis generated temporal and spatial expression profiles, revealed stage-specific gene functions, and mapped the dynamic transcriptome of cardiogenesis to curated pathways. Reconciling known genetic underpinnings of CHD, we deconstructed a disease-centric dynamic interactome encoded within this cardiogenic atlas to identify stage-specific developmental disturbances clustered on regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), BMP signaling, NF-AT signaling, TGFb-dependent EMT, and Notch signaling. Collectively, this cardiogenic transcriptional landscape defines the time-dependent expression of cardiac ontogeny and prioritizes regulatory networks at the interface between health and disease.

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Chen, Ke, Amitesh Anand, Connor Olson, Troy E. Sandberg, Ye Gao, Nathan Mih, and Bernhard O. Palsson. "Bacterial fitness landscapes stratify based on proteome allocation associated with discrete aero-types." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): e1008596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008596.

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The fitness landscape is a concept commonly used to describe evolution towards optimal phenotypes. It can be reduced to mechanistic detail using genome-scale models (GEMs) from systems biology. We use recently developed GEMs of Metabolism and protein Expression (ME-models) to study the distribution of Escherichia coli phenotypes on the rate-yield plane. We found that the measured phenotypes distribute non-uniformly to form a highly stratified fitness landscape. Systems analysis of the ME-model simulations suggest that this stratification results from discrete ATP generation strategies. Accordingly, we define “aero-types”, a phenotypic trait that characterizes how a balanced proteome can achieve a given growth rate by modulating 1) the relative utilization of oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and fermentation pathways; and 2) the differential employment of electron-transport-chain enzymes. This global, quantitative, and mechanistic systems biology interpretation of fitness landscape formed upon proteome allocation offers a fundamental understanding of bacterial physiology and evolution dynamics.

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Gomes Sobrinho, Themístocles Raphael, Kerly Araújo Jardim, and Valdenira Ferreira dos Santos. "O Geossistema como Proposta Metodológica Aplicada a Planície Costeira do Amapá: Cabo Norte, Brasil / The geosystem as a methodological proposal applied to the coastal plain of Amapá: Cabo Norte, Brazil." Caderno de Geografia 29, no. 57 (April 25, 2019): 526–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2019v29n57p526-546.

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O Geossistema, como método de análise integrado dos sistemas ambientais, surgiu como ferramenta capaz de suprir, em parte, a necessidade humana de compreender e descrever os processos naturais responsáveis pela organização elementar existente em cada paisagem. O estudo em Geossistema, aplicado ao ambiente litorâneo, pode apresentar um nível de análise de maior complexidade, se comparado ao continente, em função da origem dos elementos e processos dinâmicos existentes em suas paisagens peculiares. Este nível de complexidade é percebido ao longo da Planície Costeira do Amapá (PCA), onde a fisiologia da paisagem deriva principalmente de uma dinâmica geológica, geomorfológica e climática de longo e curto período. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal a compartimentação da Região Natural do Cabo Norte, em paisagens síntese, através do método geossistêmico proposto por Bertrand (1968). Os resultados alcançados identificaram três Geossistemas (Ambiente de Sedimentação Paleofluvial e Lacustre, Ambiente de Sedimentação Estuarina, Ambiente de Sedimentação Costeiro e Marinho) que posteriormente foram submetidos ao Índice Qualitativo de Sensibilidade Ambiental adaptado de BRASIL (2004). Como produto foram gerados os mapas de compartimentação da paisagem (Geossistemas) e sensibilidade ao impacto de derramamento de óleo na Região Natural do Cabo Norte. Palavras-chave: Geossistema, paisagem, planície, sensibilidade, Cabo Norte. Abstract The geosystem, as a method of integrated environmental systems analysis, emerged as a tool capable of supplying, in part, the human need to understand and describe natural processes responsible for the elementary organisation exists in each landscape. The study on geosystem, applied to the coastal environment, can present a more sophisticated analysis level, compared to the mainland, according to the origin of the elements and dynamic processes in their peculiar landscapes. This level of complexity is realised along the coastal plain of Amapá (PCA), where the landscape mainly derived from the physiology of a geological, geomorphological and climatic dynamics of long and short period. The present work had as main objective the compartmentalisation of the natural region of the North Cape, in landscapes synthesis, through the geosistemic method proposed by Bertrand (1968). The results identified three geosystems (Paleofluvial and Lacustrine Sedimentation environment, Estuarine Sedimentation environment, Coastal Sedimentation and marine environment) which subsequently underwent a qualitative Index of Environmental sensitivity adapted from BRASIL (2004). As product subdivision maps were generated from the landscape (geosystem) and sensitivity to the impact of the oil spill in the region of North Cape. Keywords: geosystem, landscape, plains, sensitivity, North Cape.

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Goli, Rahul, Jian Li, Jeff Brandimarto, Lisa D. Levine, Valerie Riis, Quentin McAfee, Steven DePalma, et al. "Genetic and Phenotypic Landscape of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy." Circulation 143, no. 19 (May 11, 2021): 1852–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.052395.

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Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) occurs in ≈1:2000 deliveries in the United States and worldwide. The genetic underpinnings of PPCM remain poorly defined. Approximately 10% of women with PPCM harbor truncating variants in TTN (TTNtvs). Whether mutations in other genes can predispose to PPCM is not known. It is also not known if the presence of TTNtvs predicts clinical presentation or outcomes. Nor is it known if the prevalence of TTNtvs differs in women with PPCM and preeclampsia, the strongest risk factor for PPCM. Methods: Women with PPCM were retrospectively identified from several US and international academic centers, and clinical information and DNA samples were acquired. Next-generation sequencing was performed on 67 genes, including TTN , and evaluated for burden of truncating and missense variants. The impact of TTNtvs on the severity of clinical presentation, and on clinical outcomes, was evaluated. Results: Four hundred sixty-nine women met inclusion criteria. Of the women with PPCM, 10.4% bore TTNtvs (odds ratio=9.4 compared with 1.2% in the reference population; Bonferroni-corrected P [ P *]=1.2×10 –46 ). We additionally identified overrepresentation of truncating variants in FLNC (odds ratio=24.8, P *=7.0×10 –8 ), DSP (odds ratio=14.9, P *=1.0×10 –8 ), and BAG3 (odds ratio=53.1, P *=0.02), genes not previously associated with PPCM. This profile is highly similar to that found in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Women with TTNtvs had lower left ventricular ejection fraction on presentation than did women without TTNtvs (23.5% versus 29%, P =2.5×10 –4 ), but did not differ significantly in timing of presentation after delivery, in prevalence of preeclampsia, or in rates of clinical recovery. Conclusions: This study provides the first extensive genetic and phenotypic landscape of PPCM and demonstrates that predisposition to heart failure is an important risk factor for PPCM. The work reveals a degree of genetic similarity between PPCM and dilated cardiomyopathy, suggesting that gene-specific therapeutic approaches being developed for dilated cardiomyopathy may also apply to PPCM, and that approaches to genetic testing in PPCM should mirror those taken in dilated cardiomyopathy. Last, the clarification of genotype/phenotype associations has important implications for genetic counseling.

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Smith, Stuart W., Sarah J. Woodin, Robin J. Pakeman, David Johnson, and René van der Wal. "Root traits predict decomposition across a landscape-scale grazing experiment." New Phytologist 203, no. 3 (May 20, 2014): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12845.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Physiology of landscape'

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