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1
Foroutan-Pour, Kayhan. "Aspects of barley post-anthesis nitrogen physiology." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22730.
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The protein concentration of cereal grains is low and the production of cereal crops with increased grain protein concentrations is desirable. This work investigates the physiological aspects of protein accumulation potential in barley grain. A recently developed perfusion system was used in four experiments conducted in 1993 and 1994. In the field experiment, plants were allowed to take up urea at 15 or 30 mM N, or ethephon at 15 $ mu$ M. Abscisic acid and 2,4-D decreased total seed weight spike$ sp{-1}$. Gibberellic acid and 2,4-D increased seed protein concentration and content, while ABA decreased both of these. Kinetin and abscisic acid treatments resulted in the highest and lowest levels, respectively for flag leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and intercellular CO$ sb2$ concentration. Both protein content spike$ sp{-1}$ and seed protein concentration were elevated in plants fertilized with 10.7 mM N via the soil and plants perfused with 30 mM N via the peduncle. Plants receiving treatments of 10.7 mM N from the soil and mixture of 30 mM N and GA$ sb3$ or 2,4-D through the peduncle had increased protein content seed$ sp{-1}$, and the highest seed weight spike$ sp{-1}$, respectively. Peduncle perfusion with 30 mM N increased spike protein concentration and content and grain protein concentration without affecting seed weight spike$ sp{-1}$. Grain protein concentration was increased by peduncle perfusion with ethephon. The perfusion technique worked well under field conditions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Tam, Robert C. "Aspects of the physiology of erythropoietin secretion." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278491.
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HOIT, JEANNETTE DEE. "AGE AND SPEECH BREATHING (KINEMATICS, PHYSIOLOGY, RESPIRATORY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183956.
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The present investigation was designed to elucidate the potential influence of age on speech breathing. Toward this end, 30 men representing three widely different age groups (25, 50, and 75 years) were studied. These individuals were carefully selected to meet stringent criteria, the most important of which related to health and physical characteristics. Speech breathing was studied via anteroposterior diameter changes of the rib cage and abdomen. Recordings were made during extemporaneous speaking and reading and during the performance of various chest wall maneuvers used in the measurement of the speech breathing data. In addition to speech breathing, selected measures of general respiratory function were obtained. These included measures of subdivisions of the lung volume and measures of resting tidal breathing. Results indicated that these 30 subjects were representative of other subjects studied with respect to measures of general respiratory function. Subdivisions of the lung volume were found to differ with age in the manner predicted by previous investigations. Age-related differences were most marked for measures of vital capacity and residual volume. By contrast, there were no age-related differences for measures of resting tidal breathing. Several speech breathing measures were found to differ with age. Age-related differences were usually between the 25- and 75-year-old subject groups and less commonly between the 25- and 50-year-old subject groups. For extemporaneous speaking, differences were found for lung volume excursion, rib cage volume initiation (referenced to the rib cage volume associated with the relaxed configuration of the chest wall), number of syllables per breath group, and lung volume expended per syllable (in percent vital capacity). For reading, differences were found for lung volume expended per syllable (in percent vital capacity). Age-related similarities and differences in general respiratory function and speech breathing are discussed in relation to possible underlying mechanisms. In addition, implications are drawn regarding evaluation and management of individuals with speech breathing disorders.
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Eriksen, Craig Alexander. "Duodenal pH : new aspects of physiology and pathophysiology." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27222.
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The pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer is believed to centre around the presence of gastric acid, yet the exact role that acid plays is poorly understood. Previous investigations of the duodenal pH have been restricted by methodological and technical difficulties, and have, for the most part, only monitored the pH in the short-term. A new reliable system for long-term (twenty-four hour), ambulatory, simultaneous measurement of intra-luminal antral and duodenal bulb pH has been developed. The system comprises two glass pH electrodes, a small portable recording unit and a computer-based system for data storage and analyses. Validation of this pH monitoring system was first performed, and the 24-hour ambulatory profiles of antral and duodenal pH of normal healthy subjects were subsequently recorded. Periods of cephalic stimulation and ingestion of a solid meal were included during the study period. Having established the normal profiles, the investigation was repeated in patients with active duodenal ulcer, off-treatment. The gastric pH profile was similar of both study groups. There were no significant differences between the fasting duodenal bulb pH and the total 24-hour duodenal acid exposure of the ulcer patients and healthy subjects. Acid peak analysis demonstrated that the duodenal ulcer patients exhibited a defect in the propulsive duodenal bulb motility. Gastric stimulation caused a similar pattern of duodenal acidification in the two groups. These results suggest that gastric acid is not of primary pathophysiological importance in duodenal ulcer disease. The effects of cephalic stimulation and a meal on plasma gastrin, secretin and somatostatin and duodenal pH were examined in healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients. The results showed: vagally-released gastrin is not a significant contributor to stimulation of gastric acid secretion in either health or duodenal ulcer disease; duodenal ulcer patients have excessive basal and post-stimulation plasma gastrin levels but a subset of ulcer patients exists, the "Hypergastrinaemic" patients, who exhibit exaggerated gastrin responses, vagal hyperactivity, a defective somatostatin-induced inhibition of gastrin release and a defect in the "switch-off" mechanism of gastric acid secretion. In addition, the physiological role of secretin in inhibiting gastrin release in Man is questionable. This study reveals new aspects in the physiology and pathophysiology of the duodenal bulb pH.
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Levitt, Randy J. "Aspects of insulin-like growth factor physiology in cancer." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111826.
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The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway consists of two ligands (IGF-I and IGF-II), two receptors (IGF-IR and IGF-IIR) and six IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-I through -6). There is considerable evidence from both laboratory and population studies that IGF physiology is relevant to neoplastic growth. For example, it has been shown that IGF-I and/or IGF-II act as mitogens and anti-apoptotic agents for both normal and malignant cells by binding to the IGF-IR and activating downstream signalling pathways. Consistent with this data, IGF-IR inhibition by a variety of strategies inhibits cancer cell proliferation and/or induces apoptosis both in vitro and in animal models of neoplasia. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between serum IGF-I levels and risk of subsequent cancer. Classically, the IGFBPs were considered to be growth inhibitors, as they had a well-defined role in sequestering the mitogens IGF-I and IGF-II, therefore preventing binding and subsequent activation of mitogenic and anti-apoptotic pathways downstream of the IGF-IR. However, increasing evidence indicates that under certain conditions, IGFBPs can act as growth stimulators, and both IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms have been proposed.Although the roles of the IGFs, IGF-IR and IGFBPs in cancer have been studied extensively, this thesis describes several new links between IGF physiology and neoplasia. In the first section, we demonstrate that IGF-I can attenuate growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by a class of drugs called COX-2 inhibitors in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells. This effect could be attributed to opposite influences of IGF-IR signalling and COX-2 inhibitors on activation of Akt, with IGF-IR signalling increasing activity and COX-2 inhibitors decreasing activity. In the second section, we demonstrate that in 184htert cells, an immortal but untransformed breast epithelial cell line, COX-2 inhibitors can induce IGFBP-3 expression. We go on to show that IGFBP-3 can inhibit growth of this cell line in an IGF-dependent manner, and speculate that this action of COX-2 inhibitors may be relevant to data linking use of this class of drugs to decreased breast cancer risk. In the third section, we demonstrate that the expression of IGFBP-2 in U251 glioma cells is inhibited by the induction of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Furthermore, IGFBP-2 does not effect the growth of this cell line, indicating that published associations between tumor IGFBP-2 expression and grade of glioma may be a result of IGFBP-2 acting as a marker for loss of function of PTEN. In the fourth and final section, we demonstrate that in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, over-expression of IGFBP-2 can enhance growth, indicating that the effect of IGFBP-2 on growth of neoplastic cells is tissue specific. Furthermore, antisense strategies targeting IGFBP-2 mRNA (antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA) can inhibit growth of IGFBP-2-expressing breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Taken together, these results extend the existing body of evidence demonstrating that IGF physiology contributes to neoplastic growth, and suggest that strategies to inhibit IGF-IR signalling and/or IGFBP-2 expression may have therapeutic value for some types of cancers.
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Browne, Patience. "Some aspects of the reproductive physiology of otariid pinnipeds /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2004.Degree granted in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
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Mayes, Caroline Ruth. "Aspects of neuroendocrine physiology in normal and mutant rodents." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276879.
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Davis, K. J. "Aspects of growth and physiology of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233349.
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Smith, J. P. "Some aspects of the modelling of growth." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372781.
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Pullicino, Edgar Anthony. "Aspects of energy metabolism in hospitalised patients." Thesis, Open University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294104.
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Sahlin, Sven. "Aspects on the lacrimal drainage function /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3825-3/.
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Edlund, Måns. "Aspects on menstrual physiology, pathology and medical treatment of menorrhagia /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-669-3/.
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Simpson, Christine Lynn. "Dietary compensation by Locusta migratoria : aspects of physiology and behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279900.
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Rawlings, Anthony Vincent. "Aspects of the physiology of apoliprotein E and its sialoforms." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253317.
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Jäger, Wanje. "Physiological aspects of cochlear excitation and neurotransmitter release /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3294-8/.
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Clement, Ian David. "Some aspects of the control of ventilation in man." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316881.
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Wichmann, Felix A. "Some aspects of modelling human spatial vision : contrast discrimination." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302262.
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Bosagh, Zadeh Ali Reza. "Some aspects of the metabolic response to surgical trauma." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299907.
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Bacon, R. J. "Aspects of articular cartilage behaviour under simulated physiological loading." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356771.
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Mainwaring, Gary. "Aspects of fish haematology." Thesis, Swansea University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627994.
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Abdin, Omar A. K. "Aspects of the physiology and agronomy of competition in crop plants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq29866.pdf.
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Pheiffer, Marius. "An evaluation of aspects in the applied physiology of brass players." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8151.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-81).
The study is based on the research of Arnold Jacobs, one of the most influential teachers and performers in the brass community. The first chapter gives a background and rationale to the study and a biography of Jacobs. The second chapter introduces the reader to concepts in anatomy and the physiology of brass players. The knowledge of anatomy is necessary to counter the misinformation circulating in the brass and musical community. One such topic is the notion of diaphragmatic support, one of the most misunderstood topics in brass playing. This dissertation tries to provide the correct anatomical information to the reader in order for him/her to make correct decisions with regard to efficient performance practice.
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Svensson, Stefan. "Structural and mechanistic aspects of alcohol dehydrogenase function /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3865-2/.
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Franey, C. "Clinical and methodological aspects of melatonin production in affective disorder." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380827.
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Liang, Jieming, and 梁捷明. "Physiology of acupuncture: a study of mechanosensitive ion channels." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45451709.
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Elton, Caroline Sarah. "Psychological aspects of pregnancy amongst women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265018.
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This study investigated emotional adjustment and regimen adherence of pregnant women \\ith insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (lDDM). 40 pregnant women with IDDM (P/D group), 35 pregnant non-diabetic women (PIN-D group) and 25 non-pregnant women who had IDDM (NP/ D group) were interviewed in their homes. Both of the diabetic groups self-monitored their regimen adherence in the week following the interview. All PID and PIN-D interviews took place in the second trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy was associated with significant shifts in blood glucose testing behaviour but only minor shifts in dietary behaviour. The two diabetic groups also differed in the factors that predicted blood glucose testing. Health beliefs and attitudes to the disease did not alter dramatically during pregnancy. The 2 pregnant groups did not differ in terms of physical symptoms of pregnancy or in rates of hospitalization. The PID group did not report higher levels of health anxieties and they were optimistic about the prognosis for the pregnancy. No group differences were found in psychological attachment to the foetus. Within both pregnant groups attachment to the foetus was found to be unrelated to feelings about the state of pregnancy. The three groups did not differ in current levels of depressed mood but the N-P/D group had experienced a significantly higher rate of previous emotional problems. The generally favourable psychological adjustment of the PIO women was attributed to changes in the medical management of diabetic pregnancy and the improved prognosis for both mother and baby. The suggestion is also made that that the PIO women may have differed in their tolerance of physical symptoms of pregnancy. The limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Neuger, Lucyna. "Aspects on lipoprotein lipase and atherosclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-564.
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Davenport, Michelle. "Aspects of the physiology and pathophysiology of the hormone Beta-cell tropin." Thesis, University of Buckingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601357.
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Beta-cell tropin (BCT) is a pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptide which is released from the pituitary neurointennediate lobe (NIL) of rodents and other mammals. It has been shown to act as a potent insulin secretogogue, has lipogenic properties both in vivo and in vitro, and its sequence has been characterised as ACTH22•39• BCT levels have been found to be elevated in various obese/diabetic animal models, and human type II diabetes. This suggests that the peptide may have a role in the development and maintenance of the obese and diabetic states. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to characterise the mechanism of action of BCT on lipogenesis in white and brown adipose tissue, and to determine whether the hormone has a role in the pathological changes which occur during the development of dietary induced or genetic obesity. or the physiological adaptations in adipose tissue metabolism which are associated with pregnancy and lactation.
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Best, M. A. "Some aspects of the ecology and physiology of feeding in marine bryozoa." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354539.
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Bath, Philip Michael William. "Human monocyte behaviour and interactions with endothelium : aspects of physiology and pathology." Thesis, University of London, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.729315.
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Acton, Joseph. "Aspects of cyclic nucleotide metabolism in taurine-deficient rat retinas." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59813.
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The effects of taurine deficiency on aspects of retinal cGMP metabolism were examined. Rats were made taurine deficient by the administration of 1% GES. The activities of the key enzymes of cGMP metabolism, phosphodiesterase and guanylate cyclase, were indirectly determined by the response of retinas to light and to low calcium. Dark-adapted retinas of rats treated with GES for 4 and 8 weeks exhibited significantly smaller decreases in cGMP in response to light exposure as compared to control retinas. Retinas from 4 and 8 week GES-treated rats also exhibited smaller increases in cGMP when they were exposed to 0.1nM calcium. In addition, dark-adapted retinas of 8 week GES-treated rats had 36% less cGMP than dark-adapted control retinas. Since a light-induced decrease of cGMP is of central importance in phototransduction, these results support the hypothesis that abnormalities in the retinal cGMP metabolism of taurine-deficient rats may account for the electro-retinographic deficits observed in these animals.
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Robinson, Tristan Mark. "Aspects of creatine and arginine supplementation on metabolism in humans." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36681/.
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This thesis investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the guanidino compounds creatine (Cr) and arginine on metabolism in humans. Experiments studied the influence of exercise and Cr + carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion upon muscle glycogen and Cr accumulation, the effects of arginine ingestion upon the fate of ingested CHO, the influence of Cr + CHO supplementation upon muscle glycogen accumulation and endurance exercise performance, and the effects of Cr supplementation upon various indices of health. Biochemical analysis was performed on venous blood samples and on muscle biopsy samples from vastus lateralis obtained from subjects during the experiments. Blood samples were analysed for glucose, insulin and lactate concentrations and muscle samples for adenosine triphosphate, Cr, phosphocreatine and glycogen concentrations. Exhaustive exercise, performed prior to Cr + CHO supplementation, augmented muscle Cr accumulation, but Cr accumulation was diminished in non-exercised muscle. This was possibly due to a blunted CHO-stimulated insulin response after exercise, which would diminish insulin-mediated Cr transport. Creatine + CHO supplementation augmented glycogen resynthesis in exercised muscle to a greater extent than CHO supplementation alone. A tendency for greater glycogen synthesis was observed following Cr + CHO supplementation without prior exercise, and was paralleled by a tendency for subsequent submaximal exercise to be prolonged. Ingestion of 10 g arginine with a CHO drink was found not to have any influence upon the fate of the ingested glucose. This was probably due to the resulting plasma arginine concentration being insufficient to influence CHO disposal. Finally, acute (5 day) and prolonged (8 week) Cr supplementation produced no adverse effect upon health, as indicated by markers of haematological, hepatological, muscle and renal function.
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Sahai, Vineet Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The physiology and psychophysics of vibrotactile sensation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medical Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27323.
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Response characteristics and tactile coding capacities of single neurons of the dorsal column nuclei (DCN), and the dorsal horn, in particular, neurons of the spinocervical tract (SCT), were investigated in anaesthetized cats. Purely dynamically-sensitive tactile neurons of the DCN could be divided into two classes, one associated with hair follicle afferent (HFA) input, the other with Pacinian corpuscle (PC) input. The HFA-related class was most sensitive to low-frequency (<50 Hz) vibration, had phaselocked responses to vibration frequencies up to ~75 Hz and had a graded response output as a function of vibrotactile intensity changes. PC-related neurons had broader vibrotactile sensitivity, extending to ~300 Hz with tightest phaselocking between 50 and 200 Hz. The SCT neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn had tactile receptive fields on the hairy skin of the hindlimb and a very limited capacity to signal, in a graded way, the intensity parameter of the vibrotactile stimulus. Furthermore, because of their inability to respond on a cycle-by-cycle pattern at vibration frequencies above 5-10 Hz, these neurons were unable to provide any useful signal of vibration frequency beyond ~5-10 Hz, in contrast to DCN neurons. In the parallel human psychophysical study, the capacity for vibrotactile frequency detection and discrimination was examined in five subjects in glabrous and hairy skin. The vibrotactile detection threshold values obtained at four standard frequencies of 20, 50, 100 and 200 Hz were markedly higher on the hairy skin than on the glabrous skin. The discrimination task was examined by means of a two-alternative, forced-choice psychophysical procedure. Measures of the discriminable frequency increment (?????) and the Weber Fraction (????? / ??), revealed similar capacities for frequency discrimination at the two different skin sites at the standard frequencies of 20, 100 and 200 Hz, but an equivocal difference at 50 Hz. Cutaneous local anaesthesia in the dorsal forearm produced a marked impairment in vibrotactile detection and discrimination at the low frequencies of 20 and 50 Hz but little effect at higher frequencies, confirming that vibrotactile detection and discrimination in hairy skin depend upon superficial receptors at low vibrotactile frequencies, but depend on deep, probably Pacinian corpuscle receptors for high frequencies.
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Young, Deborah Dione. "Aspects of condition in captive and free-ranging dolphins." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006117.
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Aspects of morphological and physiological condition of captive and net-caught dolphins were studied with respect to age, diet, reproduction and seasonal changes in environmental factors. These investigations aimed to provide base-line data on marine mammal physiological and morphological condition indices and to expand the knowledge of condition assessment of small cetaceans. By examining the interactive nature of animal condition and growth, diet and the environment, the study investigated the potential usefulness of animal condition indices to assess and monitor habitat quality. Base-line values for haematological and blood chemistry parameters were established for five captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), using monthly blood samples, collected between 1992 and 1995, and corresponding measures of body weight and blubber thickness; feeding, dietary energy intake, water temperature and behavioural and medical records. Curves of best fit were used to interpret trends between leukocytic, haematological and blood chemistry parameters and morphology, diet and water temperature. WBC's and WBC differential cell types were related more distinctly to clinical changes in health, than to condition. RBC, HB and PCV were useful as short-term indicators of nutritional condition, with enhanced haematological status associated with greater food intake and improved diet quality. Weight was a more effective long-term indicator of nutritional status. The importance of blubber thickness measurements as a morphological index of condition was reinforced, with relationships between blubber thickness and haematology highlighting interactions between morphological and physiological condition. The complex interactions between haematology, diet, temperature and weight emphasised the need to account for all influential factors when considering haematological condition. The blood chemistry parameters of serum creatinine, BUN, BUN:creatinine and serum albumin provided the best indication of nutritional condition and diet quality in captive dolphins. Creatinine and BUN:creatinine also reflected changes in morphological condition. Reduced ALP was associated with nutritional stress but was more effectively used as an indication of metabolism and growth activity. LDH and CPK were highly variable and fluctuated with changing activity levels, limiting their use as condition indices. Serum sodium was an important indication of diet quality and hydration status. Many of these parameters effectively illustrated that physiological condition is compromised outside of the thermoneutral zone of the species. Bottlenose and common (Delphinus delphis) dolphins, incidentally caught in shark nets, were used to investigate the condition of free-ranging dolphins. Blood samples, taken as soon as possible after capture from drowned animals, were used to analyse physiological parameters. Dissections provided morphological data. Age and dietary status were assessed using growth layer groups in teeth and stomach content analyses, respectively. Morphological measures of net-caught dolphins reflected important interactions with diet, water temperature and reproductive status. Weight, girth and blubber thickness were valuable indicators of condition, although blubber thickness and proportional blubber weight were the best indicators of nutritional status. Condition of net-caught dolphins was difficult to assess in terms of leukocytic and haematological parameters. Stress- and post-mortem-associated changes, and variable data, reduced the usefulness of some parameters. WBC counts reflected on immunological status and served to emphasise changes in health, which may lead to deterioration in condition. WBC's showed potential as indicators of habitat quality, in terms of parasite load and/or pollution. Interactions between RBC, HB, PCV, MCV and dietary, morphological and environmental factors proved valuable in the short-term. Several haematological parameters were related to morphological condition, with weight, girth and blubber thickness, showing potential as non-invasive predictors of haematological status. Relationships between haematology and water temperature implied that dolphins have physiological and environmental "zones of comfort", within which condition is optimised. LDH and CPK were elevated by capture stress and post-mortem changes. Serum sodium and plasma glucose were good indicators of short-term nutritional status, but were altered by stress, which reduced their usefulness as condition indicators. BUN, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides appeared to be little affected by these changes and are potentially valuable indicators of condition in net-caught and/or free-ranging dolphins, particularly with respect to nutritional condition, and associated changes in morphology. Although data were limited, these parameters show the greatest potential as physiological indicators of animal condition and environmental health. The limitations of this study are recognised, however, results highlight the feasibility of using net-caught specimens to monitor the condition of free-ranging marine mammals, and the marine habitat as a whole. Relationships established in this study will be used to elucidate further on the interactive nature of marine mammal condition and aid in the development of a non-invasive condition assessment technique.
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Sun, Bing, and 孫冰. "Vestibular influence on central cardiovascular regulation in the rat: functional and anatomical aspects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244774.
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Cummin, Andrew R. C. "Some aspects of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in man." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235853.
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Garratt, Patrick Ashworth. "Comparative aspects of the reproductive biology of seabreams (Pisces: Sparidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005088.
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Sexuality in seabreams (Sparidae) is considered to be more complex than in any other family of fishes. Early work indicated five reproductive styles within the family: protandry, protogyny, simultaneous hermaphroditism, rudimentary hermaphroditism and gonochorism. More recently two reproductive styles have been suggested: sex change (protandry and protogyny) and secondary gonochorism (rudimentary hermaphrodites). The need for detailed descriptions of sex differentiation, gonad development and spawning behaviour in this family has been identified by a number of workers in this field. The aims of the present study were: i) to provide accurate, detailed descriptions and comparisons of gonadal development in representatives of each reproductive style, ii) to investigate their spawning strategies, and iii) to relate these findings to current theories on hermaphroditism and sex change in fishes. Four species were investigated. Slinger, Chrysoblephus puniceus, the only known protogynous hermaphrodite in Natal. Santer, Cheimerius nufar, described in the literature as a rudimentary hermaphrodite. Riverbream, Acanthopagrus berda suspected to be a protandrous hermaphrodite. Natal stump nose, Rhabdosargus sarba, reported elsewhere as a protandrous hermaphrodite. Detailed histological analysis showed that morphological and cytological development of all gonads proceeded initially in a female direction, irrespective of reproductive style, but that differentiating gonads of protandrous and protogynous hermaphrodites could easily be distinguished from one another. Early gonadal development was similar in R. sarba and A. berda with gonadal primordia differentiating into distinctly bisexual organs. In C. puniceus and C. nufar gonadal primordia differentiated into ovaries with reduced, inert male elements in the tunica albuginea. Sex differentiation occurred relatively late (100-150mm fork length) in all the species investigated. Few cells conforming to primordial germ cells (PGC's) described in other teleosts were identified. These cells only became evident after the appearance of gonial cells and their identity is questioned. Gonial cells appeared to develop within less-electron-dense cysts of cells. Gonial cells in presumptive male and female elements could not be distinguished from one another morphologically, suggesting the bipotentiality of these cells. All R. sarba and A. berda gonads pass through a predominantly male phase and all fish function first as males, indicating protandrous sex change in both species. All C. puniceus and C. nufar gonads develop initially into ovaries. Sex change thus occurs in both species and protogyny in C. puniceus is confirmed. In C. nufar, sex change may occur before or after sexual maturity and its reproductive style remains uncertain. Investigations into the spawning habits of A. berda have shown that this species spawns inside the Kosi estuary at night. Eggs are released during peak ebb tides. Spawning occurs in large aggregations and several to many males compete to spawn with individual females. This spawning strategy does not conform to predictions made from the size advantage model for protandrous species. Chrysoblephus puniceus appears to have preferential spawning sites on down-current outer reef margins. Spawning was not observed in this species, but changes in behaviour, social structure and colour during the spawning season suggest that it may have a mating system similar to several protogynous labrids and scarids, in which territories are temporary. Cheimerius nufar has a similar mating system. Temporary territories are established by large males during the spawning season, which extends from August to November. Mating is by pair-spawning and dominant territorial males obtain a disproportionate number of matings. 'Streaking' appears to represent an alternative mating strategy for males until they attain a sufficient size to establish and defend territories. The mating pattern of C. nufar suggests that it is either a gonochorist which does not conform to current theoretical predictions; or that it is a protogynous hermaphrodite incorrectly diagnosed as a rudimentary hermaphrodite; or that protogyny in the Sparidae is an ancestral condition and C. nufar is in the process of evolutionary change from a protogynous to a gonochoristic form (or visa versa).
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Aizman, Oleg. "Novel aspects of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-311-2.
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Funge-Smith, Simon J. "Ionic aspects of the physiology and biology of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) 1879." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306860.
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The giant Malaysian freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii spends its juvenile and adult life primarily in freshwater. The larval stages of this species require brackishwater for their survival and development. Adult females of Macrobrachium rosenbergii migrate into brackishwater to spawn, and some populations of this prawn live entirely in brackishwater. Other Macrobrachium species have larval stages that require brackishwater for development. Some Macrobrachium species do not require brackishwater for larval survival and have abbreviated larval development. The ,ionic requirements for successful larval development and metamorphosis were studied using a formulated artificial seawater. It was found that trace element impurities, either in the salts used in the artificial seawater, or contained within the artemia fed to the larvae, were sufficient to allow normal larval development. The omission of bromide from the artificial seawater was found to cause total mortality to early stage larvae. Further work attempted to discover the minimum threshold concentration of bromide required by the larvae. The manner by which Macrobrachium rosenbergii adults regulate the ionic composition of their haemolymph when exposed to freshwater and brackishwater of varying salinity was investigated. The effect of the moult cycle on divalent cation regulation is studied. It was found that in varying salinity adult Macrobrachium showed a strong regulation of its haemolymph osmotic pressure, Na, Cl, Mg, Ca, K and Sr concentrations. The haemolymph Ca and Br concentration increased with increasing salinity, while the haernolymph Cu concentration decreased. The high concentration of bromide and strontium in the haemolymph of prawns held in freshwater was regarded as an indication that they might be essential to the adult prawn. The implication of their roles was in the process of cuticle hardening. A close relationship between haemolymph strontium and magnesium concentrations was revealed, although the significance of this is uncertain. The effect of the moult cycle on haemolymph divalent cation regulation revealed that Ca and Cu decreased after the ecdysis. Haemolymph magnesium concentrations were elevated during pre- and postmoult. Strontium increased markedly prior to ecdysis, this was further evidence as to a potential role in the calcification process. The haemolymph bromide concentration was reduced during pre- and postmoult. This was attributed to, either its incorporation into the cuticle, or increased ionic fluxes during the pre- and postmoult period. The calcification of the larval stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was investigated. The larvae are calcified in a similar manner to the postlarvae. Concentrations of strontium and bromine in the postlarvae decrease when they are transferred to freshwater. Analysis of larval exuviae revealed high concentrations of bromine (=1000ppm) confirming its role in the sclerotisation of the larval cuticle. A close relationship was found between the strontium and magnesium concentrations of the larvae and postlarvae held in seawater, confirming this discovery in the adult haemolymph. Such a relationship was not found between these ions and calcium. Salinity did not affect the function of Macrobrachium rosenbergii haemocyanin significantly. This was attributed to the relatively stable internal ionic environment that this prawn is able to maintain over a wide range of salinities. Temperature had a pronounced effect on the haemocyanin oxygen affinity. The oxygen transporting characteristics of Macrobrachium rosenbergii haemocyanin were similar to those found for marine and brackish water crustaceans. The P02 of Macrobrachium rosenbergii haemolymph was found to be substantially lower than the P02's recorded for marine and brackish water species. This was attributed to a reduced perfusion of the gills by haemolymph. The reason for this was supposed to be a means by which this prawn reduces its permeability, and hence loss of ions, when in freshwater.
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Mead, Paul Arthur. "Aspects of cell membrane physiology in essential hypertension and type 1 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391400.
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Kafi, Mohammad. "Effects of salinity on aspects of the physiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318541.
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Coccarelli, Alberto. "Understanding aspects of cardiovascular physiology and disease via a multi-physics modelling methodology." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111464/.
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The overall aim of this study is to develop and analyse the performance of a multiscale framework involving arterial wall dynamics and blood flow in realistic vascular architectures that can facilitate the understanding of the onset and progression of vascular disease. This comprehensive modelling framework will also allow the virtual testing and ultimately inform the design of novel pharmacological probes. To achieve this aim, we need to deliver an arterial model able to account for i) the wall contractility triggered by biochemical processes at the cellular level ii) the interaction between the flow and vessel deformation, and iii) the transport phenomena along the arterial systemic circulation. For each problem component, a solution procedure has been proposed and validated against benchmark theoretical results and experimental measurements. First we characterised the structural behaviour of the arterial media layer and its response to the active contractile activity modulated by the smooth muscle Ca2+ dynamics. In this study, we modelled the activation, modulation and inhibition of the smooth muscle contraction by pharmacological interventions. Subsequently we have focused on the fluid structure interaction between wall mechanics and hemodynamics. This work required coupling a traditional incompressible arterial fluid model to a solid boundary, which represents the elastic arterial wall. The methodology proposed has been validated against a set of classical benchmark cases and exhibits improved numerical efficiency and significant memory savings. The third component of the work focuses on modelling transport and diffusion phenomena along the arterial branching network and within surrounding tissues. For the purpose of this study, a network of vessels was embedded within a solid tissue model of the human body. This model was able to predict how a property (in this application energy,but equivalently drug concentrations) is transported and diffused from the blood vessels to the tissues.
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Larson, Jason L. "Aspects of the Overwinter Ecology and Physiology of Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) Hatchlings." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1089240198.
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El-Dwairi, Qasim. "Functional aspects of nitric oxide synthases in skeletal muscle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0023/NQ50292.pdf.
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Douglass, Matthew D. "Age and muscle function : impact of aerobic exercise." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1391476.
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The purpose of this investigation was to comprehensively examine the influence of progressive aerobic exercise training on whole muscle size and function in older women (65-80 yr). Three sedentary, healthy, females (66±1 yrs, 167±2 cm, 70±7 kg) performed 12 weeks of supervised progressive cycle training (42 training sessions 3-4 sessions/week up to 80% HRR). Subjects were tested before and after training for maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max), quadriceps cross sectional area (CSA), whole muscle specific tension, concentric 1-RM, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and concentric peak power (wafts). On average, the three subjects improved VO2max (34%), quadriceps CSA (10%), MVC (37%), whole muscle specific tension (25%), and concentric peak power (19%). These positive changes indicate that aerobic exercise may positively influence muscle size and function in the elderly.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Walsh, Rachel J. "Chemical and biochemical aspects of drug-induced liver injury." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/1487/.
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Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major obstacle for the development of new medicines. They are also a leading cause of patient morbidity and mortality. Although ADRs affect many different organs and bodily systems, drug induced liver injury has lead to the withdrawal of several drugs at the post licensing stage, and is a key cause of drug attrition. Many of the drugs that cause liver injury are thought to do so through metabolism to a reactive metabolite, exposure to which can cause modification of cellular proteins, leading to loss of function, and can result in a loss of cellular homoeostasis. It is therefore important to understand the chemistry and the downstream biochemical events associated with bioactivation. Information on the chemistry of metabolism coupled with mechanistic biomarkers reflective of certain pathways of hepatic injury would enable both researchers and physicians to predict and diagnose DILI, leading to the improvement of safe drug design. This thesis focuses firstly on the use of in vitro models and mass spectrometry to provide integrated data on the metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics, using thiophene containing molecules as a paradigm. The thiophene ring has the potential to be bioactivated via S-oxidation and epoxidation pathways, and several thiophene containing drugs have been associated with drug induced liver injury. The investigations described intended firstly to elucidate the chemistry of methapyrilene bioactivation using mass spectrometry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange. The following two chapters aimed to establish a link between bioactivation and toxicity of thiophenes and to evaluate two in vitro models as tool for predicting DILI. The final experimental chapter aims to investigate the potential of ophthalmic acid (OA) to act as a serum biomarker reflective of depletion of hepatic levels of the protective tripeptide, glutathione (GSH). Disturbance of GSH levels through quenching of reactive metabolites can lead to disturbance of its anabolism and catabolism pathways. Indeed, serum OA levels, a GSH analog, have been shown to rise following hepatic GSH depletion. This work utilises GSH adduct formation as a marker of bioactivation of thiophenes in several different in vitro models. Rat liver microsomal incubations were analysed using hydrogen deuterium exchange and LC-MS to define the reactive metabolite of methapyrilene as an S-oxide of the thiophene ring. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes or single P450 expressing THLE cell cultures were exposed to either methapyrilene, tienilic acid, ticlopidine or 2-phenylthiophene and subsequent LC-MS analysis confirmed GSH adduct formation for all compounds in the isolated rat hepatocyte model, but only for 2-phenylthiophene in the THLE cell model. Cytotoxicity was also investigated in both models, and all compounds were found to cause a greater degree of toxicity in the isolated rat hepatocyte molecule than in the THLE model. By exposing rodents to depletors of hepatic GSH, such as acetaminophen and diethylmaleate, and monitoring the resultant serum OA levels, it has been determined that OA is not a reliable mechanistic marker of hepatic GSH depletion. Kinetic studies of OA in rat serum have revealed that OA is subject to a similar metabolic and elimination pathway as GSH. The overall scope of this work reveals the usefulness of LC-MS/MS to determine S-oxide and epoxide adducts in in vitro studies. The freshly isolated rat hepatocyte model was a useful tool for providing integrated metabolic and toxicological data of thiophene containing molecules and has the potential to be expanded to include data on covalent binding and levels of DILI biomarkers. The single CYP expressing THLE cell model was not as useful in this case, but has been used in other studies to explore the role of discrete P450 enzymes in toxicity and metabolism. Whilst it is unfortunate that serum OA did not reflect hepatic OA in such a way that it could be easily exploited as a biomarker, this does help us to understand that the plethora of potential biomarkers uncovered by proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic studies need to be investigated in depth in order to understand their applications across different species and systems.
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Dumskyj, Martin John. "Aspects of the control of the retinal and choroidal circulations in normal and diabetic human subjects." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326746.
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Le, Gal Patricia Margaret. "Cognitive aspects of emotional expression processing." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1772.
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This thesis investigates the hypothesis that emotions play an influential role in cognition. Interference between facial emotional expression processing and selected tasks is measured using a variety of experimental methods. Prior to the main experimental chapters, the collection and assessment (Chapter 2, Exp. 1) of stimulus materials is described. Experiments 2-11 then concentrate on the likelihood of interference with other types of information from the face. Findings using a Garner design suggest that, although identity processing may be independent of expression variation, expression processing may be influenced by variation in identity (Exps. 2-4). Continued use of this design with sex (Exps. 6-7) and gaze direction (Exps. 9-10) information appears to support the (mutual) independence of these facial dimensions from expression. This is, however, in contrast to studies that indicate the modification of masculinity judgements by expression (Exp. 5), and the interaction of gaze direction and expression when participants rate how interesting they find a face (Exp. 8). Further to this, a search task (Exp. 11) shows that slower responses to an angry (cf. happy) face looking at us, may be due to the presence of an aversive mouth. Experiments 12-15 test for interference in the field of time perception: complex interactions between expression and encoder and decoder sex are indicated. Finally, Experiments 16-17 find that exposure to a sequence in which the majority of faces are angry depresses probability learning, and that prior exposure to varying quantities of angry and happy faces affects our later memory for them. Overall, there is evidence that exposure to emotional expressions may affect other (selected)c ognitive processesd ependingu pon which expressionsa re used and which experimental methods are chosen. It is suggested that future investigations would benefit from techniques that describe the temporal profile of an emotional response.
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Gómez, Cabrera María del Carmen. "Some aspects of the physiology and ecology of the Acropora longicyathus multi-cladal symbiosis /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18706.pdf.
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Maimaniee, T. A. "Impact of varied diets on some aspects of behaviour and physiology in laboratory mice." Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637981.
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The impact of dietary fats was assessed in Swiss mice of differing ages (juvenile and adult) and sexes for two periods (3 and 6 weeks). Mice were fed four specially-formulated pelleted diets containing respectively 8% saturated vegetable fat, 8% soya oil, 8% olive oil and 2% soya oil (with identities hidden from the experimenter) or a local commercial chow. Subjects were individually housed in traditional cages or in metabolism cages to assess daily food consumption and body weight changes over the experimental period. Traditionally-caged mice were also assessed under red lighting for behaviour in a modified 'open field' (a 30 x 20 cm box with a black floor). Videotaped records were analysed using 'The Observer' system quantifying transitions between inner and outer areas, rearing, freezing, grooming and defaecation as well as location in the two equal-sized zones. Measures were factor analysed to facilitate interpretation. Other subjects were used to assess core body temperatures as well as a range of blood (cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose) and plasma (high density lipoprotein cholesterol) measures. Animals in metabolism cages were used to determine daily production of dried faecal material and urine in response to the diets. Clearly, these non-isocaloric diets differed in palatabilities, producing complex effects on growth as well as physiological and behavioural measures. Many indices were influenced by age, sex, duration of dietary exposure and the type of caging used. Interactions between factors were common. Defaecation does not seem to provide a useful index of 'emotionality' in this type of study. Investigations lacking a wide range of indices are unlikely to provide unequivocal support for postulated links between dietary lipids and behaviour. The thesis broadly supports the contention that dietary fats subtly influence mood in mice and differentially influence blood cholesterol values and other factors relevant to coronary heart disease risk in humans.