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1
Horowitz, Melissa. "Physiological profile of Montreal fire fighters." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60074.
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The purpose was to compare the physical fitness level of male fire fighters to the average Canadian population of similar age and sex. Subjects were 1303 fire fighters between the ages of 19 and 58 years, categorized into the following four age groups: 19-29 years (n = 351), 30-39 years (n = 408), 40-49 years (n = 408) and 50-59 years (n = 136). Subjects participated in the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness including (1) pre-test screening; (2) anthropometric; (3) cardiovascular; (4) flexibility and; (5) muscular endurance measurements. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant differences between the body composition, flexibility, cardiovascular fitness and muscular endurance levels of fire fighters compared to the average Canadian of similar age. Fire fighters had significantly lower VO$ sb2$max values and significantly greater scores for sit-ups, push-ups and flexibility for all age categories, compared to their counterparts. The fire fighters' lower aerobic capacity was attributed to elevated body mass and possible long-term effects of exposure to carbon monoxide and vapours from combustible chemicals.
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Hasan, Ahmed Ali Ahmed. "A profile of handballers and physiological responses to exercise related to the game." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1998. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4955/.
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Viljoen, Janet Erica. "The effect of progressive resistance training on the blood lipid profile in post-menopausal women." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005191.
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The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of progressive resistance training on the blood lipid profile in post-menopausal women. Thirty-four female subjects aged 50 to 75 years were selected from the population of Grahamstown, South Africa. All participants were previously sedentary and possessed at least one lipid profile abnormality but were otherwise healthy. Pre-tests included a sub-maximal stress Electrocardiogram, measures of stature, mass, central and limb girths as well as an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a total blood lipid profile. Participants took part in a 24-week progressive resistance training programme, consisting of three supervised sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes and were not permitted to lose more than 10% of initial body mass during the 24-week study. All pre-test measures, excluding the stress ECG and the OGTT, were repeated every four weeks for the duration of the study. Results were that body mass, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio did not change. Girth measures at mid-humerus, chest, waist, hip, mid-quadricep and mid-gastrocnemius all decreased significantly (p=0.05). LDL-cholesterol increased significantly over the course of 24 weeks (3.61mmol.L-1 to 4.07mmol.L-1) as did total cholesterol (5.81mmol.L-1 to 6.24mmol.L-1). Triglyceride concentration remained unchanged and HDL-cholesterol decreased significantly between the pre-test measure (1.55mmol.L-1) and the measure after six months (1.42mmol.L-1). It can be concluded that the blood lipid profile in a sample of post-menopausal women was not positively affected by a progressive resistance training programme over a 24 week period.Maiden name: Kelly, Janet Erica
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Hagar, Kristy S. "Profile of the Youth Self-Report Among South Texas Adolescents and the Potential Relationship to Pesticide Exposure." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2215/.
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The potential for human exposure to pesticides exists particularly for agricultural workers (i.e. migrant workers) and individuals within close proximity to pesticide-sprayed crops (i.e. those living on or near agricultural farms). Children, through biology and behavior, may be more susceptible and vulnerable to exposure to pesticides than adults. The purpose of this study was to examine young populations particularly at-risk for occupational or accidental exposure to pesticides and determine associated behavioral, emotional, and physical symptoms. A total of 444 students from two South Texas school districts completed questionnaires assessing level of risk of exposure to pesticides and were categorized into at-risk and low risk categories. Physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms were obtained using the Youth Self-Report. Children who were at-risk demonstrated significantly higher scores on the Youth Self-Report (YSR) in the areas of anxious/depressed, attention problems, social problems, somatic complaints, thought problems, withdrawal, internalizing behaviors, and total problem behaviors than children who were at lower risk of pesticide exposure. Odds ratios were obtained and suggested that children in the at-risk category were more five times more likely to score in the clinically significant range on the Attention Problems subscale, and three times more likely to score in the clinically significant range on the Internalizing behavior composite. These findings suggest that children who may be at higher risk for pesticide exposure may also be at higher risk for physical, behavioral, and emotional problems compared to children who are at lower risk. This information is intended to benefit schools and health care professionals who work with rural or migrant populations involved in the agricultural trade. Future research will be needed to assess through biomarkers the degree of measurable pesticide exposure in comparison to parent reports, teacher reports, school achievement, neuropsychological testing, and medical records.
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Hugg, Peter J., and n/a. "The selection of Australian youth soccer players based on physical and physiological characteristics." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060726.172530.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a physiological profile of elite Australian Youth soccer
players. Over three years, 150 players from the U'17, U'20 and U'23 national squads were tested
for six measurements - height, weight, sum of eight skinfolds, vertical jump, maximum oxygen
consumption and speed over twenty metres. Comparisons were made between those selected
in the final team (classified as Successful) and those who failed to be selected (classified as
Unsuccessful) to determine any significant differences between the two groups A physical and
physiological profile was obtained for each player - expressed as a single value in both numerical
and graphical formats. Players were ranked based on this score to determine significant
differences between successful and unsuccessful players.
Several significant differences (p<0.05) were found between Successful and Unsuccessful
groups for a number of the variables primarily in the performance area rather than in the
anthropometry parameters. For all squads, significant differences (P<0.05) were found between
those who made the squad and those who did not when ranked based on their physical and
physiological score.
This study highlights the importance of the application of scientific testing to soccer Furthermore,
it provides a system by which players' results can be analysed and ranked, and expressed in a
format that provides the coach with immediate feedback as to an individual's specific strengths
and weaknesses as a basis for training and team selection.
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Ong, Yuen-yuen Eleanor, and 汪婉婉. "Effects of green tea on lipid profile in mice fed with hypercholesterolemic diet." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45011448.
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Ptak, April Louise. "VO2 response profile in heavy intensity cycling after heavy intensity arm or leg exercise." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5441/.
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The elevated CO2 levels, elevated temperature, and lower blood pH that may occur during exercise should enhance O2 delivery to the exercising muscles. It was hypothesized that performance of prior exercise (PE) would result in a faster VO2 response, as well as a reduced slow component contribution, in subsequent exercise bouts. Five women (21 ± 1 yr) and 10 men (23 ± 2 yr) performed nine 6-min bouts of heavy intensity cycle ergometer exercise (i.e., above the ventilatory threshold, individually determined by an incremental test). Three bouts were performed without prior heavy exercise (noPE), three were performed 6 min after a 6-min bout of heavy intensity arm cranking (PEA), and three were performed 6 min after a 6-min bout of heavy intensity cycle ergometer exercise (PEL). Breath-by-breath VO2 data from each of the three sets of three tests were combined and fitted to a two-component model, which ignores the cardiodynamic phase. The primary and slow component amplitudes were truncated to reflect actual increases in VO2 in each phase. The effects of PE on the time constant of the primary component were inconsistent. As hypothesized, the amplitude of the slow component was reduced by PE (noPE vs PEA vs. PEL: 25% > 16% < 14%; p < .05). It is concluded that heavy intensity PE affects characteristics of the VO2 profile in a subsequent bout of heavy intensity leg exercise.
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Thomas, Mark. "A physiological and biomechanical profile of the athletes competing in a World Cup cross-country ski relay event." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0024/MQ33458.pdf.
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Plamondon, Hélène. "Physiological role of bombesin-like peptides in the regulation of food intake: Ontogenic profile and mechanisms of action." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9579.
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This research aimed to characterize the physiological role of bombesin-like peptides (BN-LP) in the control of ingestion. The first experiment assessed the developmental profile of BN response in rats, and demonstrated that BN effectively suppressed feeding from postnatal day (PD) 1 through PD 15. Pretreatment with BN receptor antagonist blocked this suppression, suggesting that BN receptors are functional and may participate in feeding regulation from the first hours following birth. We then examined whether endogenous levels of BN-LP in the brain changed in a meal-dependent manner. Of the 15 distinct nuclei examined, meal-related alterations in BN-LP were observed at the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN), arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei and at the nucleus accumbens. These alterations appeared site and peptide specific since changes in CRF levels were restricted to the hypothalamic lateral and ventromedial nuclei and the central nucleus of the amygdala. To determine what these changes meant in terms of peptide utilization, we then monitored the in vivo release of BN-LP as compared to the preprandial and/or postprandial conditions, where the interstitial levels of BN-LP were relatively high. The next study examined whether sustained central exposure to a BN agonist affected spontaneous feeding, ingestive response to acute BN, or the density of BN receptors within the CNS. Feeding was suppressed over the initial 48 h of BN infusion, however, tolerance to this effect was apparent by 72 h and was associated with receptor down-regulation at the PVN and dentate gyrus. Acute BN administration suppressed feeding in both the chronic BN exposed and control groups indicating lack of tolerance to the acute fluctuations of BN. These findings imply the existence of different neural mechanism(s) mediating the acute versus long-term effects of BN. Finally, the potential interactions of BN with other satiety peptides were investigated. These studies revealed that BN partly mediates its satiety effects through interactions with CRF. The specificity of this interaction was supported by the lack of interaction between BN and/or CRF with oxytocin. This series of experiments provide novel data supporting the view that BN-LP play an important role in the regulation of food intake, and provide some new insights into their possible mechanism(s) of action.
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Bourque, Christine. "Evaluation of a functional oil composed of medium chain triacylglycerols, phytosterols and n-3 fatty acids on the cardiovascular risk profile of overweight women." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32765.
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We examined the effect of a functional oil (FctO), with potential weight-controlling and blood lipid-lowering attributes, vs beef tallow as control (C), on the cardiovascular risk profile of overweight women. The FctO comprised energy expenditure-enhancing medium chain triacylglycerols, cholesterol-lowering phytosterols and triacylglycerol-suppressing n-3 fatty acids. In a randomized, single-blind, crossover design, inpatient trial, 17 women consumed each oil as part of a controlled, supervised, energy-adjusted diet for 27 days. Body weight decreased similarly during both dietary periods. Plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels decreased by 4.8% and 10.4% following FctO, and were lower by 9.0% and 16.4% respectively, after FctO vs C. HDL cholesterol and circulating triacylglycerol levels were unaffected by treatment, though HDL:LDL and HDL:total cholesterol ratios increased by 19.5% and 9.4% on FctO. Plasma total homocysteine levels were higher on FctO vs C. Plasma glutathione increased with FctO supplementation.We conclude that consumption of FctO improves the overall cardiovascular risk profile of overweight women.
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Kose, Fatma Selin. "Physiological And Biochemical Screening Of Different Turkish Lentil Cultivars Under Salt Stress Conditions." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615009/index.pdf.
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Salinity is the 2nd major limiting abiotic factor on plant growth. As a result of this, soil salinity greatly reduce the yield of the crop production by dual action on plants which are ionic toxicity and water deficit. Therefore, improvement of stress tolerance is greatly concerned. This study was performed to screen and select a salt-resistant and a salt-sensitive cultivar among 6 Turkish lentil cultivars (Lens culinaris M.) which are Çagil, Ç
iftç
i, Kafkas, Malazgirt, Seyran and Ö
zbek according to the physiological and biochemical properties. 12 days old lentil seedlings which were exposed to salt stress (100 mM NaCl and 150 mM NaCl) for 5 days as well as control groups analyzed physiologically by root-shoot fresh weights, and lengths
and biochemically by ion leakage, MDA, H
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Mokhochane, Rethabile Dineo. "The profile of soccer injuries and their management amongst the premier soccer teams in Lesotho." Thesis, Sefako Makgatho Medical University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3116.
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Thesis (M.Sc.( Sports Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation)) --Sefako Makgatho Medical University, 2013.Introduction: Soccer predisposes its players to a number of injuries which could adversely affect the player’s career if relevant management is not instituted. The aim of the study was to develop a profile of soccer injuries amongst the premier soccer teams in Lesotho and determine a need for physiotherapy intervention. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive survey was used. Simple random selection was used to select a total of 201 soccer players from 12 premier teams participated in the study. Inferential statistics were performed using ANOVA, ANCOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests to determine the relationship of the players’ injuries, contributing factors and their management. Questionnaire’s validity and reliability were established by physiotherapist working with athletes. Results: The lower limb is the commonly affected body part with the ankle sustaining most injuries (36.4%). Common types of injuries were muscle strains (32.4%) and ligament sprains (23.0%). Mechanisms of injury during competitive games and training sessions include being tackled (25.2%); landing, tackling and overuse. Injuries sustained are treated sometimes by medical personnel (43.7%), traditional or home remedies (41.7%) and physiotherapist (29.6%). Ankle injuries are associated with self- treat (p= 0.020). There is a strong significant relationship between the mode of treatment (not physiotherapy) and common injuries that occurred amongst the players (p<0.05). The common mechanism of injury is also association with the common injuries that occurred (p<0.05). Conclusion and implications: Injuries occurring amongst soccer players in the Lesotho Premier Soccer League are sprains and strains and no consistent management is available for the injured players. The type and severity of common injuries indicate their impact on the soccer sporting activity. The injured player ceases activity immediately after injury. Soccer fraternity need to pay attention to provision of physiotherapy services and players have to be educated regarding appropriate injury prevention and management strategies.
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Nesbitt, Catherine. "Variations in maternal lickinggrooming influences both dam and offspring's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hormone profile." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111562.
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Pup directed maternal licking and grooming (LG) increases with corticosterone (CORT) supplimentation (Rees et al 2004). Increases in LG lead to an attenuation of the adult offspring's HPA response to stress (Liu et aI1997). Similarly, Neonatal increases in glucocorticoids lead, in adulthood, to the same attenuation of the HPA stress response (Catalani et aI1993). We hypothesize that dams exhibiting increased LG will have increased circulating CORT, and this increase will be reflected in their offspring. This thesis characterizes the HPA hormone profile adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), CORT & Corticosterone Binding Globulin (CBG) in High LG (H) and Low LG (L) litters, 5 days postpartum (P4). Furthermore pup plasma CORT levels are determined at (P) 3,4,6,10 & 14. Finally P10 Hand L LG ACTH, CORT & CBG will be assessed after stress. RESULTS: H compared to L LG dams have significantly increased plasma CORT (p=0.03). At P4, H LG offspring have significantly increased plasma CORT (p=0.03) and significantly decreased plasma ACTH (p=0.04) as compared to L LG offspring. Plasma CBG levels are significantly lower in H compared to L LG offspring (p=0.01) at the same age. Across the Stress Hyporesponsive Period (SHRP) H LG offspring had significantly increased plasma CORT (p= 0.00) compared to L LG offspring at P3. Challenged with a stressor at P10, H LG offspring have an exaggerated plasma CORT response (p=0.00). This data suggests increases in plasma CORT in the dams leads to increased CORT in the high offspring, contributing perhaps to a more mature stress response at P10.Key word abbreviation: (1) CORT - CORTicosterone, (2) ACTH - AdrenoCorticoTropin releasing Hormone, (3) CBG - Corticosteroid Binding Globulin, (4) SHRP - Stress Hypo-Responsive Period, (5) P - Post-natal day, (6) HPA - Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal, (7) LG - Licking/Grooming, (8) ADX/OVX - ADrenalectomized/OVarectomized.
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Pedini, Daniela Marie. "Use of repeated tests and rolling breath averages affects the precision of quantifying the VO2 response profile in moderate intensity cycling." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5351/.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether working in the field of deaf education, as opposed to general education, results in a higher level of technology integration. A secondary goal was to determine if deaf educators who are deaf integrate technology at a higher level than their hearing counterparts. The instrument chosen for this study was the LoTi Technology Use Profile, a tool used to explore the role of technology in the classroom. A total of 92 participates were included in the study of which 48 were regular educators and 44 were deaf educators. The participants were selected from a population pool whereby teachers were presumably pre-disposed to using technology based upon their attendance at a technology training session in the form of a conference or a class. Deaf educators as a whole did not perform as well as general educators on the LoTi scales. Given the fact that the technology-minded general educators who comprised the sample population of this study scored exceptionally high on the LoTi scales, further research is needed to ensure comparability between the two groups. The findings of the current study do suggest, though, that deaf educators who are deaf have the potential to integrate technology to a greater degree than deaf educators who are hearing. Thus, a primary recommendation is to conduct a national LoTi survey of typical, rather than technology-minded, deaf educators as a comparison to the 2004 national survey of typical general educators.
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Glavcic, Djordje, and Felix Hallström. "Träningsupplägg som leder till framgång inom 3x3 basket : En intervjustudie med landslagsledare i Sverige och ledande världsmästarnationen Serbien." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för fysiologi, nutrition och biomekanik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6640.
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Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa hur serbiska och svenska landslagstränare planerar en säsong i 3x3 basket. Förhoppningsvis kommer uppfattningen förbättras om vad som kan påverka och vilka delar som är viktiga i träningsuppläggen. Anledningen till att Serbien undersöks är på grund av att de är en världsledande nation inom 3x3 basket och att deras träningsupplägg kan vara en anledning till deras framgång. Studien strävar efter att svara på följande frågeställningar: ● Vad är orsaken till framgångarna för det serbiska 3x3 landslaget? ● Vad anser 3x3 landslagstränarna i Serbien och Sverige är viktiga delar i träningsupplägget under en säsong, med fokus på aeroba och anaeroba förmågor? ● Vilka orsaker upplever tränarna i Serbien och Sverige påverkar träningsupplägget? Metod: Syfte och frågeställningarna besvarades med hjälp av en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Den kvalitativa datainsamlingen har sammanställts och bearbetats genom meningskoncentreringsmodellen i programmet NVivo-version 12. Resultat: Studien påvisar att Serbien och Sverige har två olika tillvägagångsätt när det kommer till planeringen och utförandet av sina träningsupplägg. Analys av data ledde oss till en huvudorsak som visades påverka hur utformningen av ett träningsupplägg för de aeroba och anaeroba förmågorna kan komma att se ut. Huvudorsaken påvisar att träningsupplägget ser annorlunda ut eftersom serbiska herrlandslaget enbart spelar 3x3 basket. Utifrån huvudorsaken förekom också att träningsupplägget utformas beroende på tiden som tränarna har att spendera med laget och antal turneringar som spelas under en säsong. En annan orsak som påverkar träningsupplägget är tränarnas individuella erfarenheter och tillgångar. Slutsats: Studiens slutsats är att det svenska träningsupplägget kan förbättras och att Serbien ständigt försöker utveckla sitt redan framgångsrika träningsupplägg. Det svenska träningsupplägget för utveckling av aeroba och anaeroba förmågor behöver planeras och struktureras för att spelarna ska uppnå bättre form. Slutsatsen är att rekrytering av spelare som enbart ska spela 3x3 basket skulle bidra till bättre resultat för både de serbiska damerna och hela svenska landslaget. Utformandet av sportens kravprofil i Sverige skulle kunna leda till bättre planering av när och hur landslaget bör samlas och börja träna.Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott.
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Bye, Robin Trulssen Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The BUMP model of response planning: a neuroengineering account of speed-accuracy tradeoffs, velocity profiles, and physiological tremor in movement." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43542.
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Speed-accuracy tradeoffs, velocity profiles, and physiological tremor are fundamental characteristics of human movement. The principles underlying these phenomena have long attracted major interest and controversy. Each is well established experimentally but as yet they have no common theoretical basis. It is proposed that these three phenomena occur as the direct consequence of a movement response planning system that acts as an intermittent optimal controller operating at discrete intervals of ~100 ms. The BUMP model of response planning describes such a system. It forms the kernel of adaptive model theory which defines, in computational terms, a basic unit of motor production or BUMP. Each BUMP consists of three processes: (i) analysing sensory information, (ii) planning a desired optimal response, and (iii) executing that response. These processes operate in parallel across successive sequential BUMPs. The response planning process requires a discrete time interval in which to generate a minimum acceleration trajectory of variable duration, or horizon, to connect the actual response with the predicted future state of the target and compensate for executional error. BUMP model simulation studies show that intermittent adaptive optimal control employing two extremes of variable horizon predictive control reproduces almost exactly findings from several authoritative human experiments. On the one extreme, simulating spatially-constrained movements, a receding horizon strategy results in a logarithmic speed-accuracy tradeoff and accompanying asymmetrical velocity profiles. On the other extreme, simulating temporally-constrained movements, a fixed horizon strategy results in a linear speed-accuracy tradeoff and accompanying symmetrical velocity profiles. Furthermore, simulating ramp movements, a receding horizon strategy closely reproduces experimental observations of 10 Hz physiological tremor. A 100 ms planning interval yields waveforms and power spectra equivalent to those of joint-angle, angular velocity and electromyogram signals recorded for several speeds, directions, and skill levels of finger movement. While other models of response planning account for one or other set of experimentally observed features of speed-accuracy tradeoffs, velocity profiles, and physiological tremor, none accounts for all three. The BUMP model succeeds in explaining these disparate movement phenomena within a single framework, strengthening this approach as the foundation for a unified theory of motor control and planning.
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Abreu, Carlos Eduardo Aragón. "Physiological characteristics as analyzed by hormone profile, metabolic pathways and expression of specific induced genes of C3, C4 and CAM tropical crops propagated by Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIB)." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9264.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaPhysiology and biochemistry of in vitro plants can be complex and different when compared with conventional and well known plant ex vitro behavior. Metabolic reprogramming events that occur in a number of in vitro propagated plant species give rise to low ex vitro yields as a handicap for commercial application. Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIB) are a method to obtain plantlet morphology and physiology much alike that of in vivo grown plants. Three tropical crops were selected for their economic importance, but also because of their different photosynthetic characteristics, to compare C4 (sugarcane) and C3-CAM (pineapple) facultative photosynthetic pathways to the more common C3-type (plantain) photosynthesis. Experiments performed using plantain and sugarcane allowed to integrate the results obtained when monitoring the oxidative stress response in C3 and C4 metabolism. Pineapple plants propagated in TIB and evaluated during acclimatization under C3 and CAM inducing conditions were used to describe the facultative C3-CAM carbon metabolism and the influence of the environmental conditions on the switch from C3 to CAM. Studies based on the modulation of in vitro conditions which reproduce abiotic stress conditions can be used for understanding the influence of upcoming climate changes on the physiology of different species
FCT
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D'Entremont, Hélène. "Temperature effects on Biolog community level physiological profiles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62341.pdf.
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Correia, Barbara dos Santos. "Water stress and recovery in Eucalyptus: physiological profiles." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10165.
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Mestrado em Biologia AplicadaEm Portugal, cerca de 700,000 ha foram já plantados com clones de Eucalyptus globulus, selecionados pelas suas elevadas taxas de crescimento, alta produção de polpa e adaptabilidade ambiental. Contudo, a produtividade das plantações de E. globulus tem enfrentado sérias limitações, principalmente devido à fraca disponibilidade de água. A seca é um importante stress abiótico que afeta negativamente o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas, causando um conjunto de respostas fisiológicas, bioquímicas e moleculares. Embora esteja disponível um grande número de estudos que descreve as respostas das plantas ao stress hídrico, apenas alguns trabalhos se debruçam sobre os mecanismos que permitem a recuperação. Além disso, vários estudos descrevem também como diferentes genótipos podem diferir na capacidade de lidar com a seca. Considerando que manter a produção durante o stress hídrico não é o mais relevante, mas sim a capacidade de sobreviver e recuperar rapidamente após a re-hidratação, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os mecanismos envolvidos na recuperação, de modo a selecionar coleções clonais adequadas a plantações sustentáveis num clima mediterrânico. Com essa finalidade, dois clones de E. globulus (AL-18 e AL-126) foram submetidos a um período de três semanas em stress hídrico, seguido por uma semana de recuperação. Um perfil fisiológico foi obtido para cada genótipo, pela avaliação do crescimento, estado hídrico, peroxidação lipídica, respostas do aparelho fotossintético, trocas gasosas e concentração de ABA. Os principais resultados deste trabalho levam a concluir que: i) os genótipos escolhidos foram altamente tolerantes às condições testadas; ii) os clones selecionados apresentaram uma resposta similar na maioria dos parâmetros testados (exceto MDA, pigmentos, parâmetros fotossintéticos e ABA); iii) o clone AL-126 foi o mais resiliente à seca, mantendo taxas de crescimento mais elevadas em stress e após re-hidratação.
In Portugal, about 700,000 ha have been established with Eucalyptus globulus clones selected for their high growth rates, high pulp yield and environmental adaptability. However, productivity in E. globulus plantations has encountered serious limitations, mostly because of water availability. Drought is a major abiotic stress negatively affecting plant growth and development that causes an array of physiological, biochemical and molecular responses in plants. Apart from the great number of studies reporting on plant responses to drought stress and on the mechanisms to overcome stressful conditions, only a few reports providing evidence about the capacity of recovery and the underlying processes during recovery from drought are available. Moreover, ecophysiological studies have reported that different genotypes differ in their capacity to cope with drought. Considering that maintenance of production during drought is not the most important consideration, but rather the capacity to survive and recover rapidly after rewatering, the aim of this study was to understand the underlying mechanisms in recovery in order to select suitable clonal collections for sustainable plantations in a Mediterranean climate. For this propose, two E. globulus clones (AL-18 and AL-126) were subjected to a three-week water stress period, followed by one week recovery. A physiological profile was obtained for each genotype, assessing growth, water status, lipid peroxidation, photosynthetic responses, gas exchanges and ABA concentration. The main results of this work led us to conclude that: i) the chosen genotypes were highly tolerant to the conditions tested; ii) the selected clones presented a similar response in most of the tested parameters (except for MDA, pigments, fluorescence parameters and ABA); iii) clone AL-126 was the most resilient to drought, maintaining higher growth rates under stress and after rewatering.
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Yau, Chun-lim Anson, and 邱俊廉. "Heart rate responses and activity profiles during training and matchesin youth soccer athletes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014000.
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Foreman, III Richard A. "Enzymatic profiles of skeletal muscles from harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and fin whales (Balaenoptera physalis)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30808.
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The enzymatic organization of muscle tissue usually is examined in only a select few muscles of any one animal species. However, because the functional demands placed on individual muscles can vary so widely from muscle to muscle, it is inappropriate to generalize findings from one or two muscles to muscle tissue in general. The differences or similarities in metabolic machinery between skeletal muscles of a wide functional range provides crucial information with respect to a particular animals' whole body metabolism. Nowhere is this understanding more important than in the diving marine mammal which must operate as a closed system (with respect to oxygen supply) while submerged. The goals of this thesis are: 1) to provide a broad body of information on the metabolic organization of a large cross-section of marine mammal muscles, both functionally and with regard to location, 2) to assess the implications of the enzyme differences between muscles to the diving habit, and 3) to compare the metabolic organization of skeletal muscle among several species of marine mammal with different diving abilities and habits.
A series of 13 enzymes were measured in 21 skeletal muscles of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina. In addition, 23 enzyme activity ratios were calculated and analyzed for these muscles. A similar analysis of 22 muscles from fin whales, Balaenoptera physalis. was conducted --including 7 key enzymes and 15 activity ratios. Overall, both the maximum activities and the enzyme activity ratios are consistent with
the idea that marine mammal muscle is typical mammalian muscle, exhibiting few significant differences from terrestrial species with respect to catabolic enzymes. The only obvious exception to this in the species examined is observed with fin whale locomotory muscle which has extremely high activities of lactate dehydrogenase (over 2000 units/gm wet wt at 25°C) due to an apparent scaling phenomenon. Tight control of this high potential glycolytic flux is indicated by pyruvate kinase activities that scale downward.
Comparisons of enzyme relationships between muscles of harbor seals seem to indicate a very aerobically poised metabolic make-up. This is especially true with respiratory and locomotory muscles, which also show a high tendency to utilize fat. This pattern of enzyme activities and activity ratios in the locomotory muscles of harbor seal is evidence that muscle contractile activity while diving is powered primarily through oxidative pathways and largely based on fat as fuel. The majority of non-locomotory muscles appear to be more able to function anaerobically utilizing carbohydrate. This pattern may correlate with circulatory redistributions while diving that preferentially fuel the locomotory muscles with oxygen, leaving the inactive muscles significantly more hypoperfused and, therefore, candidates for energy saving O₂ sparing
(metabolic depression). Fin whales exhibit an opposite pattern, with enzyme profiles more typical of "white" muscle. Unlike harbor seals, the locomotory muscles of fin whales are consistently the least oxidatively poised of the muscles examined. This apparently more anaerobic nature of
fin whale muscle is possibly complicated by scaling adaptations, but appears to be a real phenomenon.
The examination of three to four skeletal muscles from each of three additional phocid seal species from Antarctica, leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx). crab-eater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus). and Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddelli) confirm that the harbor seal pattern of enzyme profiles is fairly consistent among phocid seals. By these criteria skeletal muscles of phocid seals (particularly the locomotory and respiratory muscles) appear to be designed for sustained aerobic metabolism during diving regardless of the habits or diving capabilities of the seal.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Lee, Andrew George. "The effect of endurance training, weight training and a combination of endurance and weight training on blood lipid profiles." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/546117.
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Seidel, Gregory Alan. "HETEROGENEITY OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILES IN OLDER ADULTS WITH VASCULAR DISEASE: A LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS APPROACH." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/308018.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Despite the common co-occurrence of the two main pathological processes in aging, vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD), they are often examined in isolation. Increasing evidence of a mutually enhancing relation between these processes is supported by common risk factors including hypertension and diabetes. Therefore, both processes must be considered in characterizing the cognitive performance of older adults, particularly given high rates of vascular disease. The heterogeneity of cognitive deficits has not been systematically examined in older adults with vascular disease. In a large sample of older adults (N = 359, Mage= 74.7) with increased vascular risk associated with cardiac disease, classes of participants were identified using latent class analysis (LCA) based on their performance across neuropsychological measures of executive functions and episodic memory. The cognitively-defined classes were compared on neuroimaging variables including white matter lesion (WML) and hippocampal volumes in 203 participants and on vascular risk quantified by Framingham score in 187 participants. LCA on the cognitive variables supported a three-class model, with Class 3 (intact; n = 178) showing relatively intact cognitive test scores compared to the other classes and Classes 1 (mildly impaired; n = 136) and 2 (dysexecutive; n = 42) demonstrating uniformly low scores, with Class 2 showing the lowest and most impaired scores on two executive measures (Trails B and Mental Control). Follow-up analyses found that differences between classes on WML and hippocampal volumes did not reach statistical significance, although a trend was observed in WML volumes (p = .12) with greater levels of this pathology in Class 2 (dysexecutive). Significant differences between the classes on vascular risk were revealed, with Class 2 showing significantly higher Framingham scores (p =.02). These findings suggest meaningful heterogeneity in the cognitive presentation of older adults with increased vascular risk, with deficits in executive functions associated with potentially modifiable vascular risk factors/cerebrovascular disease.
Temple University--Theses
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Chan, Yen-Ming 1980. "The effect of fatty acid composition of plant sterol esters on blood lipid profiles and plasma plant sterol levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97923.
Full textAbstract:
To evaluate the relative efficacy of plant sterols (PS) esterified with the fatty acids from fish oil (PS-FO), olive oil (PS-OO) and sunflower oil (PS-SO) on blood lipid and PS concentrations, 21 hyperlipidemic subjects were randomly assigned to each of five treatments for 28 days using a cross-over design. The results showed that: (1) in a comparison of olive oil (OO), fish oil (FO), PS-FO and PS-SO subgroup, PS-FO reduced triacylglycerols (TG) relative to PS-SO. Total cholesterol (T-C)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio was reduced with PS-FO compared with FO. Plasma PS levels were increased with PS-SO and PS-FO. (2) in a comparison of OO, PS-SO and PS-OO subgroup, PS-OO had a larger decrease in T-C than OO, while PS-SO and OO reduced T-C equally. Both PS-SO and PS-OO elevated plasma PS levels. Overall, PS-FO and PS-OO have a higher potential for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in hyperlipidemic subjects than PS-SO and OO supplementations.
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Santos, Eduarda M. "Follicle-stimulating hormone and its subunits in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) : biochemical characterisation, seasonal profiles and physiological functions." Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392031.
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Liu, Shuo. "Development and application of a physiological ventilation device test bench, capable of reproducing automatically respiratory profiles registered with ventilation polygraph." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS543.
Full textAbstract:
Le syndrome d’apnée obstructive du sommeil affecte 6% à 17% de la population adulte. Le traitement de référence est la ventilation nocturne par une pression positive continue (PPC) fixe ou autopilotée afin de maintenir les voies aériennes ouvertes. L’efficacité de traitement des PPC autopilotées dépend des algorithmes et technologies pour détecter et qualifier les événements respiratoiresDes bancs d’essai ont été créés pour évaluer les PPC autopilotées en conditions comparables, en simulant des scénarios respiratoires composés de chaînes répétitives d’événements respiratoires. Les profils respiratoires simulés par les bancs d’essai précédents sont standardisés et simplifiés par rapport au profil respiratoire du patient.Pour tendre vers des essais plus réalistes, un nouveau banc d’essai physiologique permettant de reproduire automatiquement les profiles respiratoires à partir des données polygraphiques a été créé pendant cette thèse. Il a été validé en évaluant la simulation de scénarios respiratoires de différents phénotypes issus de 12 patients.Via ce banc d’essai, la précision de l’index d’apnée-hypopnée (IAH) résiduel fourni par PPC a été évalué, en comparant les IAH déterminés par 4 dispositifs de PPC (AirSense 10, DreamStation Auto, S.Box et Prisma 20A) avec ceux de polygraphie. Les résultats ont permis de quantifier les différences d’IAH afin d’aider les médecin à en tenir compteObstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects 6% to 17% of adult population. The reference treatment is nocturnal ventilation via an either fixed or auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) to maintain upper airway (UA) open. Treatment efficiency of APAP depends greatly on algorithms and technologies used for detecting and characterizing disordered breathing events (linked to UA obstruction or central command).Bench tests have been developed to evaluate APAP devices under the same conditions, by simulating respiratory scenarios composed of a repetitive string of several disordered breathing events registered from apneic patients or artificially designed.Therefore, breathing profiles simulated on benches are standardized and simplified, in comparison with patients’. To improve this disadvantage, a new physiological bench, which enables reproducing automatically a specific patient breathing profile from its polygraph recordings, has been created. It has been validated by simulating various breathing profiles issuing from 12 patients of different pathological phenotypes.Through this new bench, the accuracy of residual apnea hypopnea indices (AHI) determined by 4 APAP devices (AirSense 10, DreamStation Auto, S.Box and Prisma 20A) has also been investigated in comparison with polygraph scorings. The results would help physicians in clinical practice thanks to the quantification of AHI discrepancies between manufacturers
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Jia, Xiaoming 1978. "Efficiency and mechanisms of different phytosterol analogs on lipid profiles and colonic mucosal cell proliferation in hamsters." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84098.
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The current study examined the impact of plant sterols, stanols, sterol esters, and stanol esters on (i) cholesterol-lowering efficiency, (ii) gene expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 sterol transporters in the liver and small intestine, and (iii) colon mucosal cell proliferation in hamsters. After 5 weeks on experimental diets, plasma total cholesterol levels were reduced ( P<0.05) by stanols, sterol esters and stanol esters compared to cholesterol-control diet. Different PS analogs did not alter ABCG5 and ABCG8 mRNA levels in small intestine and liver as compared to cholesterol control. In addition, colon mucosal cell proliferation was 21.4% lower (P<0.01) in group fed 0.7% stanol esters relative to cholesterol control. Results suggest that hypocholesterolemic effects of PS analogs are not associated with changes of liver and small intestine ABCG5 and ABCG8 sterol transporters. Data also indicated that plant stanol ester may possess anticarcinogenic properties.
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Jansen, Kirstin. "Stable Isotopes and Metabolite Profiles as Physiological Markers for the Drought Stress Sensitivity in Douglas-Fir Provenances (Pseudotsuga menziesii (MIRB.) FRANCO)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19617.
Full textAbstract:
In Mitteleuropa werden zukünftig häufigere Trocken- und Hitzeperioden mit wirtschaftlichen Einbußen in der Waldwirtschaft erwartet. Die Douglasie (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) wird als Alternative für die wirtschaftlich bedeutsame, jedoch trockenheitsempfindliche Fichte diskutiert (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.). Zwei Unterarten, die Küsten- (FDC) und die Inlandsdouglasie (FDI), sind im ausgedehnten natürlichen Verbreitungsgebiet in Nordamerika beheimatet, welches ein großes Potenzial für die Auswahl produktiver und trockenresistenter Herkünfte bietet. Unser Ziel war, die Trockenreaktion verschiedener Douglasienherkünfte unter Verknüpfung morphologischer und physiologischer Parameter und die der Trockenheitsresistenz bzw. -empfindlichkeit zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen zu erforschen. Ein Herkunftsversuch in Südwestdeutschland ermöglichte die Untersuchung 50-jähriger Douglasien verschiedener Herkünfte entlang eines Höhengradienten. Unter kontrollierten Bedingungen simulierten wir die Effekte einer Hitzewelle auf Jungbäume zweier Provenienzen. Wir analysierten die Kohlenstoff- und Sauerstoff-Stabilisotopenzusammensetzung, den Gaswechsel der Blätter, Veränderungen im Stoffwechsel und das Baumwachstum.
Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen bei FDC aus humiden Regionen hohe Wachstumseinbußen unter Trockenheit und moderat bis stark verringerte stomatäre Leitfähigkeit, unterstützt durch Photoprotektion. FDC aus Regionen mit starker Sommertrockenheit reagierten kaum mit Stomataschluss und Wachstumseinbußen auf Trockenheit, jedoch mit starker Osmoregulation und Monoterpen-Emissionen, welche zur Trockenresistenz beitragen könnten. FDI aus einer ariden Region zeigten hohe An, geringes Wachstum und stark antioxidative und photoprotektive Mechanismen.
Die Herkünfte unterscheiden sich stark in ihrer Trockenreaktion und ihren Schutzmechanismen. Der Anbau trockenresistenter Herkünfte wird an Standorten von Vorteil sein, für die eine Häufung von ariden Sommerperioden vorhergesagt wird.In Central Europe, more frequent periods of dry and hot weather are expected in the future with economic losses in the forestry sector. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is discussed as a timber species alternative to the economically important but drought-sensitive spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Two subspecies, the coastal (FDC) and the interior Douglas-fir (FDI), are native to an extensive natural range in North America, offering a great potential for the selection of productive and drought tolerant provenances. Our goal was to investigate the drought response of different Douglas-fir provenances on the morphological and physiological level, as well as the mechanisms underlying drought resistance or susceptibility. A provenance trial in southwestern Germany established in 1958 allowed the study of 50-year-old Douglas-fir trees of diverse provenances along a height gradient. Under controlled conditions, we simulated the effects of a heat wave on young trees of two provenances. We analyzed carbon and oxygen stable isotopic composition, leaf gas exchange, changes in metabolism and tree growth. FDC from humid regions responded to drought with strong growth decline and a medium to strong stomatal closure, supported by enhanced instantaneous photoprotection. FDC from regions with very dry summer conditions showed a small growth decline and anisohydric regulation of stomatal conductance under drought, supported by high levels of osmotic adjustment. High monoterpene emissions might contribute to the drought resistance. FDI from an arid region showed high assimilation rates, low growth potential and a high antioxidant, photoprotective, drought and heat protective potential. The provenances differ greatly in their dry reaction and their protective mechanisms. The cultivation of drought resistant crops will be beneficial at sites predicted to accumulate arid summer periods.
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Lau, Vivian Wai Yan 1977. "Effects of plant sterols on plasma lipid profiles, glycemic control of hypercholesterolemic individuals with and without type 2 diabetes." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80312.
Full textAbstract:
Plant sterols (PS) are effective in reducing plasma lipid concentrations, however, few studies have examined their cholesterol lowering effects in type 2 diabetics. The objective was to assess whether PS consumption alters blood lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. Fifteen control subjects (age = 55.1 +/- 8.5 yr and BMI = 26.9 +/- 3.0kg/m2) and fourteen diabetic subjects (age = 54.5 +/- 6.7 yr and BMI = 30.2 +/- 3.0kg/m2) participated in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled feeding trial. The Western diet included either 1.8g/d of PS or cornstarch placebo each provided over 21 d separated by a 28 d washout period. Subjects consumed only foods prepared in Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit of McGill University. Total cholesterol (TC) decreased (p < 0.05) from baseline with PS for control and diabetic subjects by 9.7% and 13.6%, respectively. TC decreased (P < 0.05) from baseline with placebo for control and diabetic subjects by 10.9% and 11.6%, respectively. Non high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) decreased (p < 0.05) from baseline with PS for diabetic subjects by 18.5%. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were reduced (p < 0.05) from baseline with PS for control and diabetic subjects by 14.9% and 29.8%, respectively. The reduction of LDL-C due to PS alone is greater with type 2 diabetics. There were no significant changes in HDL-C and TG across diets or treatments. It is thus concluded that PS consumption with diet enhances non-HDL-C and LDL-C reduction compared with diet alone in hypercholesterolemic individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Demonstration for the first time that PS alone are more efficacious in lowering LDL-C and non-HDL-C in diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetics confirm the beneficial effects of PS to help prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) for this high risk population.
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Scucchia, Federica. "Transcriptional profiles inferring thermal stress responses of the coral Oculina patagonica from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17967/.
Full textAbstract:
During the past several decades, corals worldwide have been dealing with a considerable increase in water temperature due to climate change, which is predicted to increase the frequency of coral bleaching and mass mortality events. Nevertheless, corals show differences in stress susceptibility and they are not all affected evenly. The symbiotic coral Oculina patagonica from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea can thrive in relatively unstable environments and is considered a stress-tolerant species. In this study, baseline expression and temporal dynamics of induction of a 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) after an acute heat stress were analyzed in O. patagonica to investigate the influence of its peculiar physiological traits on stress responsiveness. Furthermore, data collected were further discussed within a comparative analysis with similar findings reported in 5 temperate corals of the Mediterranean Sea (Franzellitti et al., 2018). Results show that O. patagonica hsp70 transcriptional response aligns with the formerly observed high resistance for elevated sea water temperatures of this species. The multispecies comparison shows that hsp70 expression varies in accordance with the stress sensitivity of coral populations inhabiting different thermal environments and possessing different trophic strategies and morphologies. This study also reports an analysis of the post heat-stress transcriptional regulation of transcripts related to energy metabolism (gadph), redox regulation (sod), and DNA damage (bcl-2 and bax), disclosing the time line of the events occurring in O. patagonica in response to an acute heat stress, which aligns with its quick recovery from bleaching. These molecular processes analysis is particularly demanding for corals inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea, in light of projected scenarios of anthropogenic global change.
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Abel, Stefan. "Fatty acids as cancer preventive tools in the dietary modulation of altered lipid profiles associated with hepatocarcinogenesis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This thesis consists of a brief description on cancer, carcinogenesis, the changes in the type and level of dietary fat available in our diets over time and association with the development of certain diseases. The main focus of this research was on omega 6 and omega 3 essential fatty acids (EFA) and their interaction with regards to carcinogenesis.
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Journoud, Mélanie. "The effect of plant sterols on lipid profiles and cholesterol kinetics of hypercholesterolemic individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic controls /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80296.
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The objective of this study was to compare the effect of phytosterols (PS) on lipid profiles and cholesterol kinetics of hypercholesterolemic individuals with or without type 2 diabetes. It was hypothesised that the response to PS would differ between both groups due to different lipid metabolism. During this randomised, double blind, crossover trial, participants consumed a controlled diet with placebo or PS for 21 days.Plasma total cholesterol (TC) decreased with placebo and PS (10.9% and 9.7% in non-diabetic versus 11.6% and 13.6% in diabetic participants, p < 0.05). Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) significantly decreased with PS in both groups. The reduction in LDL with PS was greater in diabetic compared to non-diabetic individuals (29.8% versus 14.9%, p < 0.05). Cholesterol absorption decreased on average (p = 0.06) by 26.5% with PS compared with placebo in the diabetic group only. Therefore, a controlled heart healthy diet reduced TC and LDL concentrations in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Adding PS as adjuncts to a hypocholesterolemic dietary treatment was associated with lower LDL concentrations and cholesterol absorption in hypercholesterolemic participants with type 2 diabetes.
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Rudkowska, Iwona. "Efficacy of plant sterols in novel matrices on blood lipids profiles : medium chain triglycerides and low-fat products consumed with or without a meal." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111899.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk can be lowered by introduction of plant sterols (PS) in the diet, since PS have been shown to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Given that the efficacy of PS as cholesterol-lowering agents depends on their appropriate solubilization, the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of PS in non-traditional matrices needs to be determined. The primary aim of this thesis was to examine the consumption of PS (a) in an oil rich in medium chain triglycerides (MCT) or (b) low-fat yogurt with or without a meal, on changes in lipid parameters. Additional objectives were: (1) to assess the effects of MCT with PS on body composition and energetics, (2) to compare the effects of PS in low-fat matrix consumed with or without a meal on cholesterol synthesis, (3) to evaluate the risks of PS in low-fat matrix on blood levels of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamin, and (4) to investigate the relationship between the response to PS, cholesterol kinetics and genotyping. For this purpose two randomized, controlled, crossover-feeding trials were conducted. First, 23 overweight, hyperlipidemic men consumed PS in MCT or olive oil control for six weeks each. In the second trial, 26 hyperlipidemic subjects consumed a placebo yogurt, a PS-enriched yogurt consumed with a meal, or afternoon PS-enriched yogurt as a snack for four weeks each. PS, mixed within a MCT matrix, lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C without changing the high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. However, no changes in body composition or energetics were observed. Secondly, a PS-enriched low-fat yogurt as snack lowered TC, along with a lowering trend in LDL-C, to greater extent compared to when consumed with a meal without any risk of deficiency in fat-soluble antioxidants. An increase in cholesterol biosynthesis was also observed in both PS phases compared to control phase. In addition, three non-responsive subjects to PS intervention who had higher cholesterol absorption rates were observed; however, no recognizable pattern of genetic polymorphisms was detected. Overall, these novel matrices for PS incorporation consumed with or between meals may be an effective way of decreasing the risk of CVD; however, some individuals respond better to PS intervention.
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Roynette, Catherine E. "Effects of a functional oil rich in medium chain triglycerides and phytosterols on plasma lipid profiles and body composition in hypercholesterolemic, overweight men." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84069.
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Localised accumulation of body fat significantly influences the development of obesity related co-morbidities and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) have been suggested to modulate body fat distribution. Phytosterols (PS) have demonstrated unequivocal cholesterol-lowering effects. A healthy dietary solution combining MCT and PS could thus become first-line obesity and CVD prevention. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of a functional oil (FctO) rich in MCT and PS on blood lipid levels and body adiposity, compared to olive oil. Twenty-three hypercholesterolemic, overweight men, were randomly assigned, in a single-blind crossover study, to consume a FctO, or olive oil, incorporated into a 40% fat diet for 6 wks. Blood lipid levels were measured and body composition was assessed. Total and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced in subjects consuming the FctO versus the control oil. No significant differences for weight or adiposity loss of subjects were observed between the two oils. Results support the cardio-protective role of this FctO.
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Jansen, Kirstin [Verfasser], Arthur [Gutachter] Gessler, Ralf [Gutachter] Kätzel, and Andreas [Gutachter] Rigling. "Stable Isotopes and Metabolite Profiles as Physiological Markers for the Drought Stress Sensitivity in Douglas-Fir Provenances (Pseudotsuga menziesii (MIRB.) FRANCO) / Kirstin Jansen ; Gutachter: Arthur Gessler, Ralf Kätzel, Andreas Rigling." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1184576890/34.
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Habig, Johannes Hendrikus. "Soilborne disease suppressiveness / conduciveness : analysis of microbial community dynamics / by Johannes Hendrikus Habig." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/415.
Full textAbstract:
Take-all is the name given to the disease caused by a soilborne fungus
Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) von Arx and Olivier var. tritici Walker (Ggt), an
ascomycete of the family Magnaportheaceae (Cook, 2003). This fungus is an
aggressive soil-borne pathogen causing root rot of wheat (primary host), barley and rye
crops (secondary host). The flowering, seedling, and vegetative growth stages can be
affected by the infection of the whole plant, leaves, roots, and stems. Infections of roots
result in losses in crop yield and quality primarily due to a lowering in nutrient uptake.
Take-all is most common in regions where wheat is cultivated without adequate crop
rotation. Crop rotation allows time between the planting dates of susceptible crops,
which causes a decrease in the inoculum potential of soilborne plant pathogens to
levels below an economic threshold by resident antagonistic soil microbial communities.
Soilborne disease suppressiveness is an inherent characteristic of the physical,
chemical, and/or biological structure of a particular soil which might be induced by
agricultural practices and activities such as the cultivation of crops, or the addition of
organisms or nutritional amendments, causing a change in the microfloral environment.
Disturbances of soil ecosystems that impact on the normal functioning of microbial
communities are potentially detrimental to soil formation, energy transfers, nutrient
cycling, and long-term stability. In this regard, an overview of soil properties and
processes indicated that the use of microbiological and biochemical soil properties,
such as microbial biomass, the analysis of microbial functional diversity and microbial
structural diversity by the quantification of community level physiological profiles and
signature lipid biomarkers are useful as indicators of soil ecological stress or restoration
properties because they are more responsive to small changes than physical and
chemical characteristics. In this study, the relationship between physico-chemical
characteristics, and different biological indicators of soil quality of agricultural soils
conducive, suppressive, and neutral with respect to take-all disease of wheat as caused
by the soilborne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), were investigated
using various techniques. The effect of crop rotation on the functional and structural
diversity of soils conducive to take-all disease was also investigated. Through the
integration of quantitative and qualitative biological data as well as the physico-chemical
characteristics of the various soils, the functional and structural diversity of microbial
IV
communities in the soils during different stadia of take-all disease of wheat were
characterised. All results were evaluated statistically and the predominant physical and
chemical characteristics that influenced the microbiological and biochemical properties
of the agricultural soils during different stadia of take-all disease of wheat were identified
using multivariate analyses. Although no significant difference @ > 0.05) could be
observed between the various soils using conventional microbiological enumeration
techniques, the incidence of Gliocladium spp. in suppressive soils was increased.
Significant differences @ < 0.05) were observed between agricultural soils during
different stadia of take-all disease of wheat. Although no clear distinction could be made
between soils suppressive and neutral to take-all disease of wheat, soils suppressive
and conducive to take-all disease of wheat differed substantially in their community level
physiological profiles (CLPPs). Soils suppressive / neutral to take-all disease were
characterised by enhanced utilisation of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and
carbohydrates, while conducive soils were characterised by enhanced utilisation of
carbohydrates. Shifts in the functional diversity of the associated microbial communities
were possibly caused by the presence of Ggt and associated antagonistic fungal and
bacterial populations in the various soils. It was evident that the relationships amongst
the functionality of the microbial communities within the various soils had undergone
changes through the different stages of development of take-all disease of wheat, thus
implying different substrate utilisation capabilities of present soil microbial communities.
Diversity indices were calculated as Shannon's diversity index (H') and substrate
equitability (J) and were overall within the higher diversity range of 3.6 and 0.8,
respectively, indicating the achievement of very high substrate diversity values in the
various soils. A substantial percentage of the carbon sources were utilised, which
contributed to the very high Shannon-Weaver substrate utilisation indices. Obtained
substrate evenness (equitability) (J) indices indicated an existing high functional
diversity. The functional diversity as observed during crop rotation, differed significantly
(p < 0.05) from each other, implying different substrate utilisation capabilities of present
soil microbial communities, which could possibly be ascribed to the excretion of root
exudates by sunflowers and soybeans. Using the Sorenson's index, a clear distinction
could be made between the degrees of substrate utilisation between microbial
populations in soils conducive, suppressive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat, as
well as during crop rotation. Furthermore, the various soils could also be differentiated
on the basis of the microbial community structure as determined by phospholipid fatty
acid (PLFA) analysis. Soil suppressive to take-all disease of wheat differed significantly
(p < 0.05) from soils conducive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat, implying a shift
in relationships amongst the structural diversity of microbial communities within the
various soils. A positive association was observed between the microbial phospholipid
fatty acid profiles, and dominant environmental variables of soils conducive,
suppressive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat. Soils conducive and neutral to
take-all disease of wheat were characterised by high concentrations of manganese, as
well as elevated concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids, terminally branched
saturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids which were indicative of Gram-negative
bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and micro eukaryotes (primarily fungi),
respectively. These soils were also characterised by low concentrations of
phosphorous, potassium, percentage organic carbon, and percentage organic nitrogen,
as well as low soil pH. Soil suppressive to take-all disease of wheat was characterised
by the elevated levels of estimated of biomass and elevated concentrations of normal
saturated fatty acids, which is ubiquitous to micro-organisms. The concentration of
normal saturated fatty acids in suppressive soils is indicative of a low structural
diversity. This soil was also characterised by high concentrations of phosphorous,
potassium, percentage organic carbon, and percentage organic nitrogen, as well as
elevated soil pH. The relationship between PLFAs and agricultural soils was
investigated using principal component analysis (PCA), redundancy analysis (RDA) and
discriminant analysis (DA). Soil suppressive to take-all disease of wheat differed
significantly (p < 0.05) from soils conducive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat,
implying a shift in relationships amongst the structural diversity of microbial communities
within the various soils. A positive association was observed between the microbial
phospholipid fatty acid profiles, and dominant environmental variables of soils
conducive, suppressive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat. Hierarchical cluster
analysis of the major phospholipid fatty acid groups indicated that the structural diversity
differed significantly between soils conducive, suppressive, and neutral to take-all
disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The results indicate
that the microbial community functionality as well as the microbial community structure
was significantly influenced by the presence of take-all disease of wheat caused by
Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and that the characterisation of microbial
functional and structural diversity by analysis of community level physiological profiles
and phospholipid fatty acid analysis, respectively, could be successfully used as an
assessment criteria for the evaluation of agricultural soils conducive, suppressive, and
neutral to take-all disease of wheat, as well as in crop rotation systems. This
methodology might be of significant value in assisting in the management and
evaluation of agricultural soils subject to the prevalence of other soilborne diseases.Thesis (M.Sc. (Microbiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Saath, Reni [UNESP]. "Qualidade do café natural e despolpado em diferentes condições de secagem e tempos de armazenamento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101675.
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Considerando que as etapas de processamento, secagem e armazenamento podem interferir na qualidade final do grão, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, verificar o efeito de diferentes métodos de secagem sobre as alterações sensoriais, físico-químicas, químicas e bioquímicas, ao longo do armazenamento, dos grãos de café natural e despolpado. Dessa forma, frutos de café (Coffea arabica L.) cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, provenientes da fazenda experimental da UFLA/Lavras-MG foram colhidos no estádio cereja, processados por via seca e via úmida. Cafés despolpados e cafés em sua forma natural passaram por um período de pré-secagem em terreiro, após este, divididos em parcelas distintas e submetidos ao processo de secagem até o café atingir o teor de água de 11% (b.u.), sendo então armazenados. Uma parcela de cada tipo de café permaneceu no terreiro para secagem completa ao sol e as demais foram conduzidas à secagem mecânica com ar aquecido a 40°C; 60°C e 60/40°C. Posteriormente, após o produto estar em equilíbrio com a temperatura ambiente, os cafés foram embalados em saco de juta com capacidade para 5 kg e conduzidos à armazenagem convencional. Em todas as etapas houve o monitoramento da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar. Para a caracterização dos efeitos da secagem e do armazenamento, foram retiradas amostras no início e ao longo do armazenamento, nos tempos 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses. Grãos foram submetidos à análise sensorial, determinação de resíduo mineral fixo, resíduo mineral fixo insolúvel em ácido clorídrico 10%, fibras (FB, FDN, FDA, lignina, celulose, hemicelulose), proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, condutividade elétrica, lixiviação de potássio,acidez graxa, carboidratos totais, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e não redutores , acidez, pH, polifenóis, atividade de enzimas antioxidantes (catalase, superóxido dismutase...
Whereas the stages of processing, drying and storage can affect the final quality of the grain, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drying methods on the sensory profile, chemical-physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics, during the storage of natural and pulped coffee. Thus the coffee fruits (Coffee arabica L.) IAC-99, from the experimental farm of UFLA/Lavras, Minas Gerais were harvested cherries, processed by dry and wet. The coffees underwent a pre-drying on yard, after this, divided into distinct portions and carried to the drying process until the coffee reaches the water content of 11% (wb), and then stored. A portion of each type of coffee remained on the yard for complete drying in the sun and the others were taken to mechanical drying with heated air 40°C, 60°C and 60/40°C. After the product is in equilibrium with the ambient temperature, the parcels were packed in jute bags capacity 5 kg and led to conventional storage. The temperature and relative humidity were monitored all stages long. To characterize the effects of drying and storage, samples were taken at the beginning and throughout the storage period (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). Grains were subjected to sensory analysis, determination of ash, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid 10%, fibers (CF, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose), crude protein, ether extract, electrical conductivity, leaching of potassium, fat acidity, carbohydrates totals, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing, acidity, pH, polyphenols, activity antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), protein electrophoresis, heat resistant (LEA protein) and enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and catalase), and characterization of fatty acids. The pulped coffee is more tolerant to drying than natural coffee, regardless of drying method with smaller... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Saath, Reni 1962. "Qualidade do café natural e despolpado em diferentes condições de secagem e tempos de armazenamento /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101675.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: Considerando que as etapas de processamento, secagem e armazenamento podem interferir na qualidade final do grão, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, verificar o efeito de diferentes métodos de secagem sobre as alterações sensoriais, físico-químicas, químicas e bioquímicas, ao longo do armazenamento, dos grãos de café natural e despolpado. Dessa forma, frutos de café (Coffea arabica L.) cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, provenientes da fazenda experimental da UFLA/Lavras-MG foram colhidos no estádio cereja, processados por via seca e via úmida. Cafés despolpados e cafés em sua forma natural passaram por um período de pré-secagem em terreiro, após este, divididos em parcelas distintas e submetidos ao processo de secagem até o café atingir o teor de água de 11% (b.u.), sendo então armazenados. Uma parcela de cada tipo de café permaneceu no terreiro para secagem completa ao sol e as demais foram conduzidas à secagem mecânica com ar aquecido a 40°C; 60°C e 60/40°C. Posteriormente, após o produto estar em equilíbrio com a temperatura ambiente, os cafés foram embalados em saco de juta com capacidade para 5 kg e conduzidos à armazenagem convencional. Em todas as etapas houve o monitoramento da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar. Para a caracterização dos efeitos da secagem e do armazenamento, foram retiradas amostras no início e ao longo do armazenamento, nos tempos 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses. Grãos foram submetidos à análise sensorial, determinação de resíduo mineral fixo, resíduo mineral fixo insolúvel em ácido clorídrico 10%, fibras (FB, FDN, FDA, lignina, celulose, hemicelulose), proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, condutividade elétrica, lixiviação de potássio,acidez graxa, carboidratos totais, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e não redutores , acidez, pH, polifenóis, atividade de enzimas antioxidantes (catalase, superóxido dismutase... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: Whereas the stages of processing, drying and storage can affect the final quality of the grain, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drying methods on the sensory profile, chemical-physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics, during the storage of natural and pulped coffee. Thus the coffee fruits (Coffee arabica L.) IAC-99, from the experimental farm of UFLA/Lavras, Minas Gerais were harvested cherries, processed by dry and wet. The coffees underwent a pre-drying on yard, after this, divided into distinct portions and carried to the drying process until the coffee reaches the water content of 11% (wb), and then stored. A portion of each type of coffee remained on the yard for complete drying in the sun and the others were taken to mechanical drying with heated air 40°C, 60°C and 60/40°C. After the product is in equilibrium with the ambient temperature, the parcels were packed in jute bags capacity 5 kg and led to conventional storage. The temperature and relative humidity were monitored all stages long. To characterize the effects of drying and storage, samples were taken at the beginning and throughout the storage period (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). Grains were subjected to sensory analysis, determination of ash, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid 10%, fibers (CF, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose), crude protein, ether extract, electrical conductivity, leaching of potassium, fat acidity, carbohydrates totals, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing, acidity, pH, polyphenols, activity antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), protein electrophoresis, heat resistant (LEA protein) and enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and catalase), and characterization of fatty acids. The pulped coffee is more tolerant to drying than natural coffee, regardless of drying method with smaller... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni
Coorientador: Fernando Broetto
Coorientador: Flávio Meira Borém
Banca: Gerson Silva Giomo
Banca: Rogério Lopes Vieites
Banca: Magali Leonel
Banca: Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa
Doutor
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Lalor, Briony Maree. "An assessment of the recovery of the microbial community in jarrah forest soils after bauxite mining and prescription burning." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0037.
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[Truncated abstract] Recovery of soil nutrients, microbial populations and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling processes are critical to the success of rehabilitation following major ecosystem disturbance. Bauxite mining represents a major ecosystem disturbance to the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest in the south-west of Western Australia. Mining has created a mosaic of mined areas in various stages of succession surrounded by non-mined forest areas. Initial site preparations within rehabilitation areas such as contour ripping alter soil structure (creation of mound and furrows) and over time also influence the distribution of vegetation and litter. Current performance criteria developed by industry, government and other stakeholders have determined that before post-bauxite mined areas of jarrah forest can be integrated back into normal forest management practises they should be functional and demonstrate resilience to normal forest disturbances such as fire. Furthermore, resilience should be of a manner comparable to non-mined analogue forest sites. Currently little is known of the resilience of microbial communities and C and N cycling in rehabilitation sites to normal forest disturbances such as prescription burning. As such, before rehabilitated jarrah forests can be successfully integrated into broad scale forest management regimes, a more thorough knowledge of the potential impacts of burning practises on the soil microbial community and C and N cycling processes in these systems is required. ... While there are similar rates of C and N cycling the underlying microbial community structure was distinctly different; implying a high degree of functional redundancy with respect to C and N cycling. Differences in the C and N cycling and structure of the microbial communities were likely to be due to differences in soil environmental conditions (i.e. soil alkalinity/acidity, soil moisture) and C substrate availability which influence the physiological status of the microbial community and in turn are related to successional age of the forests. Results also suggest that the measurement of CLPP can be a useful approach for assessment of changes in the functional ability of microbial communities. However, the interpretation of how well these rehabilitation forests have recovered heterotrophic abilities was greatly affected by the methodological approach used (e.g. MicroRespTM or Degens and Harris, 1997). Importantly, results from Chapter 4 and 5 suggested that the effects of a moderate prescription fire on C and N processes, CLPP and microbial community structure of 18 year old rehabilitation forests are likely to be short-lived (< 2 years). Furthermore, the effects of the moderate spring prescription fire were not large enough to decouple C and N cycling processes over the short-term (< 1 years) which suggests that by 18 years of age rehabilitation forests demonstrate comparable functional resilience to a moderate prescription burn.
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Lieshout, Kerry Ann van. "Physiological profile of elite junior badminton players in South Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1345.
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M.Phil.There is a lack of descriptive data on the physiological and physical profiles of elite junior badminton players in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to measure and describe the body composition, aerobic power, muscular characteristics, speed, flexibility and agility of the elite junior badminton players in South Africa. Eight male and seven female badminton players between the ages of 14 and 18 years who were selected for the junior national badminton squad of South Africa participated in this study. The players participated in the following field tests: multistage-shuttle run; vertical jump; lunge jump; sit-ups; push-ups; forwards and backwards speed at 2,4, and 6m and the SEMO agility test. Each subject was tested on the Cybex II Isokinetic Dynamometer to determine absolute and relative peak torque of the hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups, the functional and conventional hamstring:quadriceps ratios, as well as the arm power-endurance ratios. Flexibility was measured using the Leighton Flexometer. The following means (+ SD) were observed for the male players: height 180.4 (8.1)cm; mass 73.4 (9.7)kg; body fat 9.6 (1.6)%; somatotype 3.0:4.1:3.1 (1.0:1.1:1.0) and VO2max 50.7 (3.0) mlO2.kg-1.min-1. The female players had the following means (+ SD): height 161.2 (4.3)cm; mass 58.1 (7.9)kg; body fat 19.2 (4.5)%; somatotype 4.0:4.3:2.0 (1.0:1.1:0.7) and VO2max 42.0 (2.8) mlO2.kg-1.min-1. The physical fitness components of the players in this study that were found to be weaker than the norm, and would need to be improved greatly included their aerobic power, leg power and flexibility. Other fitness areas that were not necessarily found to be a weakness, but could be improved further to enhance their game, is their hamstring strength, eccentric leg strength, upper body and abdominal endurance, backward speed and agility.
Mr. A.J.J. Lombard
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Martinez, Lagunas Vanessa. "Investigations for the Development of a Physiological Profile in Women's Soccer." 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23465.
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The present PhD thesis is compilation of various investigations for the development of a physiological profile in women’s soccer. After an extensive literature review, several literature gaps in this area were identified including: physiological demands of a women’s soccer match including simultaneous measurements with portable metabolic equipment and GPS technology; physical performance analysis of women’s soccer competitive matches of different competition levels using GPS technology; and fitness testing and fitness profiles of female soccer players of different competitive levels by means of laboratory and field tests. The investigations that are part of this thesis targeted these gaps and provided for the first time novel and objective findings in these subjects. The popularity of women’s soccer as well as the number of female soccer players worldwide has increased exponentially in the last 30 years. Furthermore, there are now multiple women’s soccer international competitions and professional leagues around the globe and they will continue to increase in the next few years. Therefore, there is currently high demand for scientific research specific to the women’s game in these topics which may aid coaches, physical trainers, and other practitioners to develop more effective fitness assessments and training programs for their female players in order to improve their fitness status and overall match performance according to their competitive level and positional role.:DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION vi
ABSTRACT vii
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. WOMEN’S SOCCER BACKGROUND 1
1.2. PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS 3
1.3. PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF WOMEN’S SOCCER 4
2 DISSERTATION AIMS 6
3 STATE OF THE ART 8
3.1. PORTABLE METABOLIC, HEART RATE AND BLOOD LACTATE MEASUREMENTS 8
3.2. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) MEASUREMENTS 9
3.3. TEST PROTOCOLS 10
3.3.1. ANTHROPOMETRY ASSESSMENT 10
3.3.2. AEROBIC CAPACITY TESTS 11
3.3.3. SPEED, ANAEROBIC ABILITY AND EXPLOSIVE POWER TESTS 15
4 OWN AREAS OF RESEARCH 18
4.1. PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF A WOMEN’S FOOTBALL MATCH (ENGLISH SUMMARY FROM “PHYSIOLOGISCHE BEANSPRUCHUNG EINES FRAUENFUẞBALLSPIELS)” – (P-I) 18
4.2. GPS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S SOCCER COMPETITIVE MATCHES OF THE SECOND AND FOURTH GERMAN LEAGUES – (P-IV) 21
4.3. VALIDITY OF THE YO-YO INTERMITTENT RECOVERY TEST LEVEL 1 FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT OR INDIRECT ESTIMATION OF MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE AMONG FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS – (P-II) 25
4.4. FITNESS PROFILES OF GERMAN FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS (UNPUBLISHED RESULTS) 26
5 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 31
5.1. MAIN FINDINGS 31
5.2. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 33
5.3. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS 33
5.4. FUTURE DIRECTIONS 34
6 REFERENCES 36
EIGENSTÄNDIGKEITSERKLÄRUNG 39
AUTHOR’S RESUME 40
ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS 42
PUBLICATION 1 (P-I) 43
PUBLICATION 2 (P-II) 50
PUBLICATION 3 (P-III) 58
PUBLICATION 4 (P-IV) 74
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Hung, Wei-Ting, and 洪維廷. "Characterization of the expression profile and physiological roles of a cystine knot protein, DAN." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48964828360524232000.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
生命科學暨基因體科學研究所
96
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists are characterized by their direct suppression against BMP signaling during embryonic development and tissue differentiation. Though belonging to the BMP antagonists, the function of DAN (differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma) remains unclear. To generate a recombinant protein, the FLAG-tagged human DAN was constructed for mammalian cell expression. Under reducing conditions, FLAG-DAN migrated predominantly as a single band around 29 kDa. Treatment of FLAG-DAN with N-glycosidase F reduced the apparent molecular mass to 25 kDa, indicative of its N-glycosylated characteristic. After crosslinked by disuccinimidyl suberate, purified FLAG-DAN migrated approximately to 60 kDa, suggesting DAN is secreted as a noncovalent homodimer. We also demonstrated DAN is capable of attenuating BMP-2 and BMP-4 signaling using a luciferase reporter system driven by BMP-responsive elements. After screening 22 different rat tissues, we concluded that the expression of DAN gene is universal. Interestingly, the DAN expression was tightly regulated by gonadotropins as shown in a mouse ovarian array. We carried out the real-time PCR using the rat ovaries for confirmation and found the DAN transcripts were decreased sharply after treatment with PMSG for 48 h and after ovulation. Real-time PCR was also performed to elucidate the role of estrogen in relation to DAN transcripts and confirmed that estrogen indeed suppressed DAN expression. Granulosa cells were the major pool for DAN expression while other ovarian cell types also showed moderate DAN transcripts. Combining with the BMP-4 expression pattern in the ovary, these results indicate a possible role of DAN in the signaling communication between granulosa and theca cells. Future works on regulation of DAN in the follicular compartments will elucidate its physiological roles in regulation of BMP signaling in the ovarian development. Furthermore, comparing the cysteine numbers and genomic structure with all cystine knot proteins, DAN is evolutionarily close to glycoprotein hormone subunits than to other BMP antagonists. The result from the pull-down assay also claimed that DAN can interact with glycoprotein hormone subunits, especially with glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit 2 (GPHA-2) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-β). Therefore, the heterodimeric probability and function between DAN and glycoprotein hormone subunits deserve further investigation.
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Willinsky, Sarah. "Oral Physiological Factors Influencing the Texture Perception of Solid Foods." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/7747.
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This thesis investigates how individuals perceive and describe the texture of solid foods. To date, minimal research has been done to investigate individual texture perception and the influence of oral physiological parameters. The current study is a three phase project. First, using Temporal Dominance of Sensation (TDS), the dynamic process of panellists’ texture perception was investigated. The results showed two very distinct groups of panellists who differed based on their texture perception response. The second phase attempted to understand these groups by testing oral physiological parameters surrounding the individuals and their bolus. Few significant results were found between the two groups indicating. The final phase of this project supported the hypothesis that vocabulary use was not a factor in the division of the two groups. To conclude, saliva, both in regard to the amount and composition, seems to have a large influence on how individuals perceive the texture of solid food.New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) under contract C02X0807 (Food Structure Platform).
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Lin, Yen-Chun, and 林妍君. "The Influence of Beta-blocker on Exercise Physiological Profile in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with Chronotropic Incompetence." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48933047246595210752.
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碩士國立中興大學
運動與健康管理研究所
105
Background & Purpose : Chronotropic incompetence (CI) , broadly defined as the inability of the heart to increase its rate commensurate with increased activity or demand. It has been used to be an important predictor of autonomic nervous system. Traditionally, it has been using the predicted maximal heart rate formula (220-age) as an indicator for rehab exercise intensity prescription in clinical practice. However, it may not be suitable to apply in the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who accompanied with CI. Therefore, the current study was to investigate the influence of beta-blockers on exercise physiological profile of patients with AMI and CI. The current predict maximal heart rate formulas were also evaluated in the AMI patients with/without beta-blockers medication. Methods : One hundred and four AMI patients were recruited in this study. Patients were assigned to beta-blocker group (n=79) or non beta-blocker group (n=25) according their medical history. The exercise physiology profile was collected by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing, includes resting cardiac output, maximal cardiac output, resting stroke volume, maximal stroke volume, predict maximal heart rate, resting heart rate, maximal heart rate, maximal heart rate/ predict maximal heart rate, maximal oxygen uptake, metabolic equivalent, maximal workload. The maximal heart rate predictive formula was evaluated by comparing the effect of beta-blockers uses. Results：The beta- blockers group in AMI patients with CI showed the lower resting cardiac output (p=0.03), resting heart rate (p=0.04), maximal heart rate (p<0.001), maximal heart rate/predict maximal heart rate (p<0.001), maximal oxygen uptake (p=0.01) and metabolic equivalent (p=0.02) than the non beta-blocker group. Using the new predictive formula (164-0.72*age) to calculate the maximum heart rate, showed more closed to the actual maximum heart rate. The beta-blockers group demonstrated lower in actual maximum heart rate than non beta-blockers group (p<0.001). Conclusion : The current study demonstrated the influence of beta-blockers on exercise physiological profile in AMI patients with CI. The new forecast formula for maximal heart rate was closer to the actual maximum heart rate among these patients. The patients under beta-blockers medication showed a stronger CI effect. In the clinical practice, it is suggested to be carefully using maximal heart predictive formula for exercise prescription in particular for the CI patients under beta-blockers medication.
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Lao, Chia-Ling, and 老嘉玲. "The physiological response and protein expression profile of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under high temperature stress." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02782154722902203937.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
92
In Taiwan, high temperature causes the reduction of tiller number and spikelet sterility in rice plants thus affects the final yield and grain quality. Our objective is to determine the physiological response and protein expression profile of different rice cultivars under high temperature stress. Ours data showed that after 4hr of 45℃ heat treatment than recovered at 30/25℃ for 2 days caused rice seedlings decrease in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and a marketed increase in leakage, MDA content. The indica rice tends to be more thermotolerant than japonica rice according to the change of morphological symptoms and physiological assay. Among 22 rice cultivars, a high temperature sensitive cultivar（Tainung 67, TNG67）and high temperature tolerant cultivar（Taichung Sen 10, TCS10）were selected for further use in study of heat stress tolerance by SDS-PAGE and 2-D electrophoresis. The result showed that either japonica or indica rice, a 60kDa protein was induced in leaf but not in root tissue under high temperature treatment. The western blot analysis also showed high temperature tolerant cultivar（TCS10）expressed more LMW sHSPs under heat stress. With 2-D gel analysis, several proteins which up-regulated by high temperature in ether TCS10 or TNG67 were identified, including：sHSPs, SEC protein, wall-associated protein kinase, peroxin6 and ACC synthase. The function of these proteins may be correlated with thermotolerance by protein phosphorylation、HSP accumulation、protein membrane transport、ethylene biosynthesis. Interesting enough, one of the protein, mannose-binding rice lectin（MRC）is down-regulated by heat stress in TCS10 and expressed in low level in TNG67 either with or without high temperature treatment. After protein database search, this cultivar-specific expressed protein shows highly similarity to salT gene which is induced by salt. The function of this protein may correlate to thermotolerance of rice.
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Валюх, Руслан Віталійович, and Ruslan Vitaliiovych Valiukh. "Оптимізація фізіологічного профілю учнів старших класів на заняттях з фізичної культури засобами єдиноборств." Master's thesis, 2020. http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9971.
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Одним із вирішальних питань, що стоїть перед освітнім середовищем є формування ціннісного ставлення до власного здоров’я підростаючого покоління. На практиці важливого значення набуває профілатично-оздоровча спрямованість уроку фізичної культури у закладі освіти.
Метою роботи було науково обґрунтувати та реалізувати оптимізацію фізіологічного профілю учнів старших класів на заняттях з фізичної культури засобами єдиноборств в умовах закладу загальної середньої освіти.
Зважаючи на функціональні особливості організму старшокласників, обґрунтовано використання елементів оздоровчих єдиноборств спрямованих на оптимізацію фізіологічного профілю учнів на уроках фізичної культури. Доповнено дані попередніх досліджень про особливості підбору засобів, змісту програми та їх впливу на стан здоров’я у цілому.
По завершенню дослідження у процесі повторного обстеження морфо-функціонального стану дітей старшого шкільного віку встановлено, що серед представників, що апробували оздоровчі елементи єдиноборств на уроці фізичної культури відбувся вірогідний приріст показників організму.One of the most popular buildings of the sanctuary є the formation of a value-for-money position to the good health of a young generation. On the practical important meaning of the development of professional health improvement, directing to the lesson of physical culture at the school of education. Fundamental idea of the scientific development and implementation of optimization of the physiological profile of senior scientists in physical culture with the help of single combat in the minds. Affectionate on the functional peculiarities of the organisms of senior pupils, the victorious elements of health-related martial arts are directed to the optimization of the physiological profile of scientists at the lessons of physical culture. After the completion of the preliminaries in the process of refining the morpho-functional camp of the children of the senior school, it was established that among the representatives, they tested the health elements of single combats at the level of physical culture in the field of physical culture
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Schumacher, Evelyn. "The impact of ants on the aboveground and belowground ecological network - field studies in a grassland and experiments with microcosms." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-ADF4-8.
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Bahdur, Khatija. "Physiological profiles of South African soccer referees." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4852.
Full textAbstract:
M. Phil.Referees are important role-players in soccer matches. The physical fitness of referees may influence their optimal positioning throughout the game. Limited research has been conducted on soccer referees, with most of the previous research focusing on the primary referee. The research conducted has shown differences in demands and fitness levels of referees officiating in different leagues. To date no research has been conducted on African referees. The primary aim of this study was to investigate and compare the physiological profiles of South African soccer referees. The secondary aim of the study was to investigate and compare match demands placed on South African soccer referees.
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Cheng, Ronshan. "Growth, physiological characteristics and plasmid profiles of Bifidobacterium species." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27146.
Full textAbstract:
The fecal flora of healthy bottle or breast-fed infants was
examined for the presence of Bifidobacterium. Identification was
based on the presence of fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase,
which is found only in these bacteria. No bifidobacteria were
recovered from bottle-fed infants. However, bifidobacteria were
readily isolated from 15 day to 3 month old breast-fed infants.
Further characterization revealed B. breve and B. longum were the
dominant species in feces of breast-fed infants, but atypical strains
also were found.
A whey-based medium (7% sweet whey, 0.05% cysteine and
0.3% yeast extract, WCY-0.3) was developed to grow Bifidobacterium
species without use of anaerobic incubation conditions. Freshly
pasteurized WCY-0.3 was inoculated with 0.2% (10⁶ to 10⁷ CFU/ml)
of the following active cultures of bifidobacteria: B. bifidum 15696, B.
breve 15700, B. longum 15707, B. breve 15698, B. longum L10, B.
longum L12, and B. longum 3j. Following incubation for 12 hours,
most strains reached cell densities of 10⁹ to 5 x 10⁹ CFU/ml, except B. bifidum 15696 and B. longum 3j. Addition of Oxyrase to the WCY
(WC with any level of yeast extract) at 0.03 unit/ml (WCYO) reduced
the lag phase of all strains, allowing maximum populations to be
reached more quickly. A higher population density (2 to 7 times)
could be achieved in the WCOY-0.3 medium with strains 15696,
15700, 15707, and L10 by incorporating 1.9% sodium
glycerophosphate or trimagnesium phosphate with incubation for 12
hours at 37°C. Also, viability of these strains was retained
throughout a 24-hour incubation period, in contrast to rapid death of
cells grown without the neutralizing agents. Inoculation of WCY-0.3
or WCOY-0.3 medium with frozen concentrates (10⁷ to 10⁸ CFU/ml)
of bifidobacteria allowed equal growth of all species, except B.
bifidum 15696, which grew much better in WCOY-0.3 than in WCY-
0.3. Survival stability of whey-based medium-grown bifidobacteria
when resuspended in pasteurized skim milk and refrigerated at 4°C
was strain dependent and enhanced by the presence of 0.05%
cysteine; generally ATCC strains were more stable than strains
freshly isolated from baby feces. In this regard, B. breve 15700, B.
longum 15707, and B. breve 15698 did not lose viability in 11%
skim milk with 0.05% cysteine within 10 days of storage. Stability of
whey-based medium-grown bifidobacteria in WCY with 15% glycerol
during six months storage at -40°C was strain dependent.
Bifidobacterium bifidum 15696, B. breve 15700, B. longum 15707, B.
breve 15698, and B. longum L12 did not lose viability; however B.
bifidum L6 lost about 50% viability, while B. longum L10, B. breve
T10, and B. breve T2 lost about one log population density.
The plasmid profiles of 35 strains of bifidobacteria from human
sources were examined. Only one strain, B. breve 15698, harbored a
5.8Kb plasmid. A curing process using UV-light treatment to remove
the plasmid was carried out but characterictics of the cured strain
were identical to those of the parent strain, indicating the plasmid is
cryptic.Graduation date: 1991
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Patterson, Dean Kenneth. "Physiological and physical fitness profiles of elite South African surfers." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4402.
Full textAbstract:
The present study profiled the fitness characteristics of elite South African surfers. Sixty-one surfers volunteered to participate in the study. Each subject underwent a maximal tests in order to measure peak maximum oxygen uptake, anthropometery, co-ordination, agility, balance, Wingate test, and isokinetic strength assessments of the knee and shoulder in extension and flexion, including shoulder internal and external rotation. Lung function measurements were also measured to assess the lung capacity of the subjects. The cardiovascular demands of surfing was high showing a peak VO2 of 54.9 (+SD=9.73) ml.kg-1.min-t, and a peak VE of 98.3 (+SD=17.8) l.min-1. Actual lung function results obtained by the subjects were greater than predicted scores for age and weight. Anaerobic scores were excellent for surfers as compared to other sportpersons. Balance and agility scores were excellent. Good strength ratios and values were obtained through isokinetic testing, both for the shoulders and the knees. The subjects showed an above level of fitness in all the measurements as compared to other water-based athletes. As a result the research showed that surfing can be best enhanced through the principle of specificity, and that the subjects engaged in this sport can be regarded as elite athletes.Thesis (M.Sport Sc.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2000.