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Books on the topic 'Physiological hypertrophy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

The effect of training volume on strength and hypertrophy of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. 1994.

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2

Zoccali, Carmine, Davide Bolignano, and Francesca Mallamaci. Left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0107_update_001.

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Alterations in left ventricular (LV) mass and geometry and LV dysfunction increase in prevalence from stage 2 to stage 5 in CKD. Nuclear magnetic resonance is the most accurate and precise technique for measuring LV mass and function in patients with heart disease. Quantitative echocardiography is still the most frequently used means of evaluating abnormalities in LV mass and function in CKD. Anatomically, myocardial hypertrophy can be classified as concentric or eccentric. In concentric hypertrophy, the muscular component of the LV (LV wall) predominates over the cavity component (LV volume). Due to the higher thickness and myocardial fibrosis in patients with concentric LVH, ventricular compliance is reduced and the end-diastolic volume is small and insufficient to maintain cardiac output under varying physiological demands (diastolic dysfunction). In those with eccentric hypertrophy, tensile stress elongates myocardiocytes and increases LV end-diastolic volume. The LV walls are relatively thinner and with reduced ability to contract (systolic dysfunction). LVH prevalence increases stepwisely as renal function deteriorates and 70–80% of patients with kidney failure present with established LVH which is of the concentric type in the majority. Volume overload and severe anaemia are, on the other hand, the major drivers of eccentric LVH. Even though LVH may regress after renal transplantation, the prevalence of LVH after transplantation remains close to that found in dialysis patients and a functioning renal graft should not be seen as a guarantee of LVH regression. The vast majority of studies on cardiomyopathy in CKD are observational in nature and the number of controlled clinical trials in these patients is very small. Beta-blockers (carvedilol) and angiotensin receptors blockers improve LV performance and reduce mortality in kidney failure patients with LV dysfunction. Although current guidelines recommend implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with ejection fraction less than 30%, mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure, and a life expectancy of more than 1 year, these devices are rarely offered to eligible CKD patients. Conversion to nocturnal dialysis and to frequent dialysis schedules produces a marked improvement in LVH in patients on dialysis. More frequent and/or longer dialysis are recommended in dialysis patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic LV disorders if the organizational and financial resources are available.

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3

Left ventricle size in weight lifters using anabolic steroids. 1988.

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4

Left ventricle size in weight lifters using anabolic steroids. 1986.

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5

Myocardial structure and function differences between steroid using and non-steroid using elite powerlifters and endurance athletes. 1989.

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6

Myocardial structure and function differences between steroid using and non-steroid using elite powerlifters and endurance athletes. 1992.

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7

The effects of age and exercise training on size and composition of rat left main coronary artery. 1988.

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8

The effects of age and exercise training on size and composition of rat left main coronary artery. 1988.

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9

The effect of habitual physical activity on left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness: In postmenopausal women as measured by M-mode echocardiography. 1987.

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10

The effect of habitual physical activity on left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness: In postmenopausal women as measured by M-mode echocardiography. 1987.

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11

The effect of habitual physical activity on left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in postmenopausal women as measured by M-mode echocardiography. 1987.

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12

The effects of habitual physical activity on left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in postmenopausal women as measured by M-mode echocardiography. 1987.

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13

D’Andrea, Antonello, André La Gerche, and Christine Selton-Suty. Systemic disease and other conditions: athlete’s heart. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0055.

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The term ‘athlete’s heart’ refers to the structural, functional, and electrical adaptations that occur as a result of habitual exercise training. It is characterized by an increase of the internal chamber dimensions and wall thickness of both atria and ventricles. The athlete’s right ventricle also undergoes structural, functional, and electrical remodelling as a result of intense exercise training. Some research suggests that the haemodynamic stress of intense exercise is greater for the right heart and, as a result, right heart remodelling is slightly more profound when compared with the left heart. Echocardiography is the primary tool for the assessment of morphological and functional features of athlete’s heart and facilitates differentiation between physiological and pathological LV hypertrophy. Doppler myocardial and strain imaging can give additional information to the standard indices of global systolic and diastolic function and in selected cases cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may help in the diagnosis of specific myocardial diseases among athletes such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

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14

Kjaer, Michael, and Abigail Mackey. Muscle. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0002.

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Skeletal muscle is not only essential for human movement and performance, but is unfortunately also a common site for acute injuries related to physical activity and sports. The influence of exercise on skeletal muscle represents a wide range all the way from (i) physiological adaptation with regard to metabolism, morphology, and contractile properties, through (ii) physiological development of muscle hypertrophy, to (iii) pathological/physiological responses to heavy unaccustomed exercise with associated delayed onset of muscle soreness, and ending with (iv) muscle injury caused by either strain or contusion (and seldom laceration) trauma. In the present chapter we will focus on the muscle responses to acute stimuli that cause muscle injury of minor or larger magnitude, and the ensuing recovery....

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15

Strauer, B. E. Heart in Hypertension. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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16

Effects of strength training on muscle mass and musculoskeletal injury in middle aged and older men. 1991.

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17

Effects of resistance training on changes in strength, muscularity and subcutaneous fat in young and middle-age women. 1990.

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18

Effects of resistance training on changes in strength, muscularity and subcutaneous fat in young and middle-age women. 1991.

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19

Effects of resistance training on changes in strength, muscularity and subcutaneous fat in young and middle-age women. 1991.

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