Academic literature on the topic 'Physiological field testing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Physiological field testing"
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Goosey-Tolfrey, Victoria L., and Christof A. Leicht. "Field-Based Physiological Testing of Wheelchair Athletes." Sports Medicine 43, no. 2 (December 14, 2012): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-012-0009-6.
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Church, Timothy S., Conrad P. Earnest, and Gina M. Morss. "Field Testing of Physiological Responses Associated with Nordic Walking." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 73, no. 3 (September 2002): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2002.10609023.
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Gibbons, T. P., S. E. Mulligan, R. L. Wilber, and J. T. Kearney. "PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN ELITE JUNIOR TRIATHLETES DURING FIELD TESTING 756." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 28, Supplement (May 1996): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199605001-00754.
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Costa, Guglielmo, Rita Biasi, Giannina Vizzotto, and George C. Martin. "Using Fruit-bearing Explants for Physiological Experiments." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 3 (May 1994): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.3.481.
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One- and three-node nectarine explants were compared with intact potted units of similar dimension. The explants and intact plants performed similarly as judged by rate of leaf photosynthesis, leaf and fruit respiration, and changes in fresh and dry weights. Water loss and transpiration were less in explants than intact plants after 24 h. Explants with fruit of nectarine, olive, and prune were used to evaluate uptake and distribution of 14C-labeled paclobutrazol (PBZ), daminozide, and sucrose in plant parts. These comparisons reveal that the explant system is useful for primary testing of hypotheses, screening of chemicals, and evaluating species response for later testing of selected parameters in the field. Three-node explants containing fruit are reliable for experiments lasting up to 4 days. Chemical names used: succinic acid 2,2 dimethylhydrazide [daminozide (SADH)]; β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol [paclobutrazol (PBZ)].
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Keogh, Justin W. L., Clare L. Weber, and Carl T. Dalton. "Evaluation of Anthropometric, Physiological, and Skill-Related Tests for Talent Identification in Female Field Hockey." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 28, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h03-029.
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The purpose of the present study was to develop an effective testing battery for female field hockey by using anthropometric, physiological, and skill-related tests to distinguish between regional representative (Rep, n = 35) and local club level (Club, n = 39) female field hockey players. Rep players were significantly leaner and recorded faster times for the 10-m and 40-m sprints as well as the Illinois Agility Run (with and without dribbling a hockey ball). Rep players also had greater aerobic and lower body muscular power and were more accurate in the shooting accuracy test, p < 0.05. No significant differences between groups were evident for height, body mass, speed decrement in 6 × 40-m repeated sprints, handgrip strength, or pushing speed. These results indicate that %BF, sprinting speed, agility, dribbling control, aerobic and muscular power, and shooting accuracy can distinguish between female field hockey players of varying standards. Therefore talent identification programs for female field hockey should include assessments of these physical parameters. Key words: fitness profile, field testing, women, team sport
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Ziv, Gal, and Ronnie Lidor. "Physical Characteristics, Physiological Attributes, and On-Field Performances of Soccer Goalkeepers." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 6, no. 4 (December 2011): 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.4.509.
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The soccer goalkeeper (GK) is required to perform strenuous actions during practice sessions and actual games. One of the objectives of those professionals who work with GKs is to obtain relevant information on physical characteristics and physiological attributes of GKs, and to use it effectively when planning training programs for them. This article has three purposes: (a) to review a series of studies (n = 23) on physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and on-field performances of soccer GKs; (b) to outline a number of methodological limitations and research concerns associated with these studies; and (c) to suggest several practical recommendations for soccer coaches who work with GKs. Four main fndings emerged from our review: (a) professional adult GKs usually are over 180 cm tall and have a body mass of over 77 kg; (b) studies on agility and speed produced mixed results, with some showing similar values between GKs and field players and others showing reduced performance in GKs; (c) GKs usually have higher vertical jump values when compared with players playing the various field positions; (d) GKs cover approximately 5.5 km during a game, mostly by walking and jogging. Four methodological limitations and research concerns associated with the reviewed studies were discussed, among them the lack of a longitudinal approach and the lack of on-field performance studies. Three practical recommendations are made for coaches, one of which is that coaches should adopt a careful approach when selecting testing protocols and devices for the assessment of GKs’ physiological attributes.
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Mulla, Zubin R., Kalaiselvan Govindaraj, Srinivasa Rao Polisetti, Elis George, and Nagraj Rao S. More. "Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction for Executives: Results from a Field Experiment." Business Perspectives and Research 5, no. 2 (April 19, 2017): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533717692906.
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Mindfulness-based meditation has been reported to produce positive effects on psychological and physiological well-being, and to reduce stress levels. The present study examined the effects of a 16-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on stress levels and self-compassion of 22 executives of a large public sector oil company located in the south of India. The study was a pre- and post-test experimental design in which participants were tested for physiological and psychological parameters, both before and after the intervention. Physiological assessment was carried out through the testing of blood cortisol and measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Participants also reported on variables such as self-compassion, and various stress indicators such as physical indicators, sleep indicators, behavioral indicators, emotional indicators, and personal habits. Results from the present study suggest that a 16-week MBSR intervention not only had a positive impact on various stress indicators (physical, sleep, behavioral, emotional, and personal habits) and self-compassion but also reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and blood cortisol levels. The findings suggest that MBSR can be a useful stress management intervention for addressing the issues of high stress for senior executives in Indian organizations.
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Peña, Juliet C., and Wen-Zhe Ho. "Monkey Models of Tuberculosis: Lessons Learned." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 3 (December 29, 2014): 852–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02850-14.
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The use of animal models has been invaluable for studying the pathogenesis ofMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection, as well as for testing the efficacy of vaccines and drug regimens for tuberculosis. Among the applied animal models, nonhuman primates, particularly macaques, share the greatest anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. As such, macaque models have been used for investigating tuberculosis pathogenesis and preclinical testing of drugs and vaccines. This review focuses on published major studies which illustrate how the rhesus and cynomolgus macaques have enriched and may continue to advance the field of global tuberculosis research.
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Sottas, Pierre-Edouard, Neil Robinson, Giuseppe Fischetto, Gabriel Dollé, Juan Manuel Alonso, and Martial Saugy. "Prevalence of Blood Doping in Samples Collected from Elite Track and Field Athletes." Clinical Chemistry 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.156067.
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BACKGROUND No reliable estimate of the prevalence of doping in elite sports has been published. Since 2001, the international governing body for athletics has implemented a blood-testing program to detect altered hematological profiles in the world's top-level athletes. METHODS A total of 7289 blood samples were collected from 2737 athletes out of and during international athletic competitions. Data were collected in parallel on each sample, including the age, sex, nationality, and birth date of the athlete; testing date; sport; venue; and instrument technology. Period prevalence of blood-doping in samples was estimated by comparing empirical cumulative distribution functions of the abnormal blood profile score computed for subpopulations with stratified reference cumulative distribution functions. RESULTS In addition to an expected difference between endurance and nonendurance athletes, we found nationality to be the major factor of heterogeneity. Estimates of the prevalence of blood doping ranged from 1% to 48% for subpopulations of samples and a mean of 14% for the entire study population. Extreme cases of secondary polycythemia highlighted the health risks associated with blood manipulations. CONCLUSIONS When applied at a population level, in this case the population of samples, hematological data can be used to estimate period prevalence of blood doping in elite sports. We found that the world's top-level athletes are not only heterogeneous in physiological and anthropometric factors but also in their doping behavior, with contrasting attitudes toward doping between countries. When applied at the individual level, the same biomarkers, as formalized in the Athlete Biological Passport paradigm, can be used in analysis of the observed different physiological characteristics and behavioral heterogeneities.
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Mayer, Andreas. "The Physiological Circus: Knowing, Representing, and Training Horses in Motion in Nineteenth-Century France." Representations 111, no. 1 (2010): 88–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2010.111.1.88.
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The late nineteenth-century debates about forms of dressage and the correct representations of horses, using the circus as the major arena for testing and observation, provided a fertile ground for the development of Etienne-Jules Marey's physiology of locomotion. Marey claimed to revolutionize the field of locomotion studies with mechanically produced representations, yet, as this essay shows, his mechanical reform of the study of bodies in motion was countered by the persistence of older forms of animal observation and superseded by new anthropologies and psychologies of seeing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physiological field testing"
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Rattray, Benjamin, and n/a. "The validation of physiological field testing in elite orienteers." University of Canberra. Sports Studies, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050629.113059.
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The complex physiology of orienteering performance is not well understood but recent
advances in technology allow for more in-depth investigation. The purpose of this
study was to develop and validate physiological field tests for elite orienteers in
Australia.
Seven male and three female elite orienteers volunteered to take part in the study.
Subjects completed an incremental fixed-distance (803m) trial in Australian forest
terrain, paced by a bicycle equipped with a speedometer. This was replicated in the
laboratory using a 4.5% grade for treadmill running. Subjects also completed four
(males) or three (females) laps of a 1340m terrain loop incorporating uphill, track and
downhill sections. Subjects then repeated this test in the laboratory, with treadmill grade
manipulated to replicate the gradient profile of each section. Heart rate (HR) and
oxygen uptake (VCh) were recorded continuously with telemetry during each stage/lap.
Blood [La] and RPE were recorded after each stage/lap.
In the incremental tests, no significant differences (p=0.05 level) were observed in HR,
VO2, blood [La] or RPE between the Field test, and its Laboratory replication over the
entire range of speeds tested. The actual speeds run during the Field tests were
significantly faster than the Laboratory test at the slowest speed (8 kmh- 1 ) attempted,
and slower at the fastest speed (18 km-h-1) attempted. In the time-trial tests, no
significant differences were observed in HR, VO2, blood [La] or RPE between the
Field test and its Laboratory replication. The running speeds in the Field tests were
significantly slower than the Laboratory tests. Running speed appeared inversely
related to the course profile and the terrain also affected the speeds that could be
achieved. Despite the changes in the course profile, the physiological responses to the
course were maintained within a narrow range at a high level (-95% of maximal heart
rate, 80-90% of VO2max, blood [La] -10 mM) for the duration of the 20-25 minute test.
The Field tests that were developed in this study for elite orienteers in Australian forest
terrain were successfully validated by replicating the protocols in a Laboratory setting.
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Wegner, Michael S. "The effects of a field learning trial and various methods of feedback in self-regulation of exercise intensity." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722231.
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This study was designed to assess the independent effect of a field learning trial, combined with various forms of exercise intensity feedback on the self-regulation of exercise intensity. Following a treadmill test, 42 males (21.8±2.7yrs) were randomly assigned to one of 3 exercise intensity feedback groups: heart rate (HR), heart rate + rating of perceived exertion (HR+RPE) or no systematic feedback (CONT). Half of the subjects in each group, were paced (P) to target heart rate (THR) during the first 800 meter field trial on day 1. Subjects in the non-paced (NP) groups completed the first trial at a self-selected pace. Following the first trial, subjects were instructed to exercise at their target intensity, and received the designated feedback after each of three 800m trials, on four days (D1-D4) within one week. Deviations (±bpm) from THR were recorded following each trial, and group means (S.D.) are presented below. Differences among groups were tested using a 3-way ANOVA (pacing x feedback x trials) with repeated measures across trials.GROUPDAY 1DAY 2DAY 3DAY 4P HR8.8(4.3)2.5(3.6)5.3(4.3)2.5(4.2)NP HR4.8(9.8)3.1(3.8)1.7(1.7)2.3(3.3)P HR+RPE6.1(6.6)1.3(6.4)2.8(5.8)2.1(3.4)NP HR+RPE9.0(9.0)6.9(6.6)4.3(8.0)3.6(5.7)PCONT5.7(5.9)2.9(12.3)5.4(8.8)2.4(13.5)NP CONT *21.67.316.38.416.010.914.17.5* NP CONT > all other groups on each day (p < 0.05)The pacing x feedback x trials interaction was not significant within any day. All groups increased accuracy from D1-D4, with most of the improvement being noted between D1 & D2 (p < 0.01). The addition of RPE (HR+RPE) feedback during the trials did not result in greater accuracy when compared to HR only feedback. Although both the P CONT & NP CONT groups improved across days, the P-CONT subjects were no less accurate than the groups using HR or HR+RPE feedback. Thus, a single 4-5 minute learning trial was as effective as the use of HR and perceptual feedback in the self-regulation of exercise training intensity in the field setting.School of Physical Education
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Horton, Micheal Milo. "Improving vertical jump: A program design." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2185.
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The purpose of this project is to review current literature on the mechanics and physiology of the vertical jump and to provide an understanding of the jump itself. The second purpose is to develop a step by step program to increase vertical jump from grade school through high school.
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Tan, Frankie Hun Yau. "Applied physiology and game analysis of elite women's water polo." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0106.
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[Truncated abstract] Broadly, research literature on the physiological aspects of water polo game play is limited, but particularly so in the women's game. Moreover, significant changes to game rules in recent years are likely to have had an impact on the game demands. Therefore, this research project sought to investigate the physiological characteristics of contemporary elite female water polo players and the demands of match play. Overall, the five studies comprising this thesis aimed to improve the practical knowledge of coaches and sport scientists concerning the training and monitoring of players. Study one (Chapter 3) compared two water polo-specific field tests of aerobic and/or match fitness (MSST, multistage shuttle swim test; and WIST, water polo intermittent shuttle test) with a traditional incremental swimming test to exhaustion (IST, 5 x 200 m). Prior to this study, the physiological responses to the MSST and WIST were not well understood. Additionally, the degree of association between these two tests was unknown. Therefore, 14 Australian National Women's Water Polo Squad players performed the MSST and WIST, and 13 players from a National Water Polo League club performed the MSST, WIST and IST, on separate occasions. Peak heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were obtained for all tests. Expired air was collected post test for the National League players. The results showed that the National Squad players performed significantly better in the MSST (636 ± 114 vs. 437 ± 118 m, p < 0.001) and WIST (270 ± 117 vs. 115 ± 57 m, p < 0.001) than the National League players. ... Absolute decrement yielded TE of 0.55 s (-0.42-0.81), CV of 26.0% (19.3-41.0) and ICC of -0.002 (-0.44-0.44). Relative (%) decrement yielded TE of 1.6% (1.2-2.3), CV of 27.2% (20.1-42.9) and ICC of -0.02 (-0.46-0.42). Results indicate that total time was a reliable measure, whilst decrement was not. Similar to land-based RSA tests, total time should be the criterion measure of performance in the RST. The RST can form part of a specific battery of field tests for water polo, and can also be used as a conditioning tool. The final study (Chapter 7) was a nutritional-intervention study. Based on the time-motion data from study three, a 59-min match simulation test (MST) was designed to mimic the activity profiles and physical demands of water polo match play. Using a randomized cross-over double-blind design, 12 Australian National Women's Water Polo Squad players ingested 0.3 g·kg-1 of NaHCO3 or placebo, 90 min before performing the MST, which included 56 x 10-m maximal-sprint swims as the performance measure. Although pre-exercise ingestion of NaHCO3 was effective in enhancing extracellular pH and bicarbonate levels, the percentage difference in mean sprint times between trials showed no substantial effects of NaHCO3 (0.4; ±0.9%, effect size = 0.09; ±0.23, p = 0.51). The results suggest that elite water polo players should not expect enhancement in intermittent-sprint performance from NaHCO3 supplementation. These findings are contrary to previous NaHCO3 studies on simulated team-sport performance, but this investigation is unique in that it examined highly-trained athletes performing sport-specific tasks. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis add to the existing literature on the applied physiology of women's water polo. It is hoped that the knowledge gained from these findings will lead to more appropriate conditioning, testing and selection outcomes.
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Murray, Tara J. "Effect of physiological and behavioural characteristics of parasitoids on host specificity testing outcomes and the biological control of Paropsis charybdis." Lincoln University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1558.
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An established host-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid system was used to investigate how the physiological and behavioural characteristics of parasitoids influence the outcomes of laboratory-based host specificity tests. The characteristics of the two pteromalid egg parasitoids, Enoggera nassaui (Girault) and Neopolycystus insectifurax Girault, were assessed and interpreted in regard to the particular host specificity testing methods used and the control of the eucalypt defoliating beetle Paropsis charybdis Stål (Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand. The physiology of N. insectifurax was examined to determine how to increase production of female parasitoids that were physiologically capable and motivated to parasitise P. charybdis eggs in laboratory trials. Neopolycystus insectifurax were found to be more synovigenic than E. nassaui. Provisioning them with honey and host stimuli for three days, and allowing females to parasitise hosts in isolation (i.e. in the absence of competition) was an effective means of achieving these goals. No-choice tests were conducted in Petri dish arenas with the four paropsine beetles established in New Zealand. All four were found to be within the physiological host ranges of E. nassaui and N. insectifurax, but their quality as hosts, as indicated by the percent parasitised and offspring sex ratios, varied. The results of paired choice tests between three of the four species agreed with those of no-choice tests in most instances. However, the host Trachymela catenata (Chapuis), which was parasitised at very low levels by E. nassaui in no-choice tests, was not accepted by that species in paired choice tests. A much stronger preference by N. insectifurax for P. charybdis over T. catenata was recorded in the paired choice test than expected considering the latter was parasitised at a high level in the no-choice test. The presence of the target host in paired choice tests reduced acceptance of lower ranked hosts. Both no-choice and choice tests failed to predict that eggs of the acacia feeding beetle Dicranosterna semipunctata (Chapuis) would not be within the ecological host range of E. nassaui and N. insectifurax. Behavioural observations were made of interspecific competition between E. nassaui and N. insectifurax for access to P. charybdis eggs. Two very different oviposition strategies were identified. Neopolycystus insectifurax were characterised by taking possession of, and aggressively guarding host eggs during and after oviposition. They also appeared to selectively oviposit into host eggs already parasitised by E. nassaui, but did not emerge from significantly more multi-parasitised hosts than E. nassaui. Enoggera nassaui did not engage in contests and fled when approached by N. insectifurax. Although often prohibited from ovipositing by N. insectifurax, E. nassaui were able to locate and begin ovipositing more quickly, and did not remain to guard eggs after oviposition. It is hypothesised that although N. insectifurax have a competitive advantage in a Petri dish arena, E. nassaui may be able to locate and parasitise more host eggs in the field in New Zealand, where competition for hosts in is relatively low. The biology of the newly established encyrtid Baeoanusia albifunicle Girault was assessed. It was confirmed to be a direct obligate hyperparasitoid able to exploit E. nassaui but not N. insectifurax. Field and database surveys found that all three parasitoids have become established in many climatically different parts of New Zealand. Physiological characteristics were identified that may allow B. albifunicle to reduced effective parasitism of P. charybdis by E. nassaui to below 10%. However, the fact that hyperparasitism still prevents P. charybdis larvae from emerging, and that B. albifunicle does not attack N. insectifurax, may preclude any significant impact on the biological control of P. charybdis. Overall, parasitoid ovigeny and behavioural interactions with other parasitoids were recognised as key characteristics having the potential to influence host acceptance in the laboratory and the successful biological control of P. charybdis in the field. It is recommended that such characteristics be considered in the design and implementation of host specificity tests and might best be assessed by conducting behavioural observations during parasitoid colony maintenance and the earliest stages of host specificity testing.
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Jensen, Meredith. "Characterization of Behavioral Profiles for Inbred P and NP and Congenic P.NP and NP.P Rats." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2924.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Alcoholism inheritance rates have been estimated as high as 60% in a human population. Many significant features of alcohol dependence have been replicated in rodent animal models of alcoholism, however not in totality. These animal models include inbred preferring (iP) and nonpreferring (iNP) rat types. Congenic rats have been engineered from the iP and iNP strains whereby a P congenic rat has in its genome a well-chosen chromosomal portion taken from an NP rat (P.NP) and, reciprocally, an NP congenic rat has acquired the analogous DNA from a P rat (NP.P). In this case, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) from chromosome 4 is the donor genetic material for the congenic rats. It is of great interest to further study this chromosome 4 QTL because it has been found to control a significant portion of ethanol consumption behavior in iP and iNP rats. This study aimed to behaviorally profile the iP, iNP and reciprocal congenic rats. As a result of the behavioral profiling of these genetically related groups, some conclusions could be made regarding which behaviors appear to be controlled by the chromosome 4 donor DNA.This study primarily utilized the Multivariate Concentric Square Field apparatus (MCSF) to characterize behavioral profiles for the inbred and congenic rats. The Open field (OF) and Elevated plus maze (EPM) supported this effort. The MCSF is valuable in that it allows for the animals to interact within an environment that has ethological value. The 12 different zones that make up the field are characterized by some functional quality in terms of type and duration of behavior performed, etc. The behavioral data is aggregated and finally represented in terms of five functional categories, the elements of the behavioral profile: general activity, exploratory activity, risk assessment, risk taking, and shelter seeking. The study hypotheses were shaped by prior research suggesting that iPs should display lower general activity and risk taking strategy than iNPs in the MCSF. Inbred Ps should be more active in the OF and spend more time in the center of the EPM. Generally, it is expected that the iP QTL confer behavioral phenotypes to the iNP strain that deviate toward a "P" behavioral phenotype and reciprocally, the iNP QTL confer behavioral phenotypes to the iP strain that deviate toward an "NP" behavioral phenotype. The results showed that iP rats performed more risk assessment and risk taking behavior and less shelter seeking and anxiety-like behavior than iNP rats. It followed that P.NP congenic rats significantly downgraded their risk assessment and risk taking behavior when compared to iP rats. This decrease can be attributed to the chromosome 4 QTL donated from the iNP breed. All together this study concludes that risk assessment and risk taking behavior in the iP rats is controlled by the same DNA region that, in part, determines voluntary intake of ethanol consumption. Further fine mapping of the QTL region should help in discovering if the same DNA sequences that influence ethanol intake also significantly influence risk behavior.
Books on the topic "Physiological field testing"
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Cook, Mary R. Effects of 60-Hz fields on human health parameters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, 1986.
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Cook, Mary R. Effects of 60-Hz fields on human health parameters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, 1986.
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Cook, Mary R. Effects of 60-Hz fields on human health parameters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, 1986.
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Cook, Mary R. Effects of 60-Hz fields on human health parameters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, 1986.
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Estimators of oxygen uptake from field testing. 1987.
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Estimators of oxygen uptake from field testing. 1989.
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Validation of the 12-minute swim as a field test of maximal aerobic power. 1991.
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Validation of the 12-minute swim as a field test of maximal aerobic power. 1991.
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Validation of the 12-minute swim as a field test of maximal aerobic power. 1989.
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Validation of the 12-minute swim as a field test of maximal aerobic power. 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Physiological field testing"
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Aktar, Tugba. "Recent Trends and Challenges in Sensory and Perception Science." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 166–87. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1924-0.ch009.
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Eating is a vital and essential part of life. The routine process is not straightforward but highly sophisticated in that it incorporates dynamic changes on the food structure that triggers different modalities of food sensation. Sensory studies are being expanded with contributions from physiology, psychology, dentistry, neuroscience, and food science. All these experts seek answers to catastrophic and complicated procedures created by the oral process. This chapter provides information about the past and present of sensory science in 5 main sections: Sensation and perception (to provide an insight to psychological and physiological approaches); psychophysical laws (to interpret the missing link between the stimulus and perception); sensory market success and consumer behavior (to highlight the necessity of sensory testing for the industry and consumer); sensory evaluation methods; and recent developments in the field.
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Klinger, Volkhard. "SMoBAICS." In Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement, 313–38. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch015.
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Simulation and modelling are powerful methods in computer aided therapy, rehabilitation monitoring, identification and control. The smart modular biosignal acquisition and identification system (SMoBAICS) provides methods and techniques to acquire electromyogram (EMG)- and electroneurogram (ENG)-based data for the evaluation and identification of biosignals. In this paper the author focuses on the development, integration and verification of platform technologies which support this entire data processing. Simulation and verification approaches are integrated to evaluate causal relationships between physiological and bioinformatical processes. Based on this we are stepping up of efforts to develop substitute methods and computer-aided simulation models with the objective of reducing animal testing. This work continues the former work about system identification and biosignal acquisition and verification systems presented in (Bohlmann et al., 2010), (Klinger and Klauke, 2013), (Klinger, 2014). This paper focuses on the next generation of an embedded data acquisition and identification system and its flexible platform architecture. Different application scenarios are shown to illustrate the system in different application fields. The author presents results of the enhanced closed-loop verification approach and of the signal quality using the Cuff-electrode-based ENG-data acquisition system.
Conference papers on the topic "Physiological field testing"
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Voigt, Elizabeth, Cara F. Buchanan, M. Nichole Rylander, and Pavlos Vlachos. "Blood Flow Characterization in a Perfused Collagen Vessel Bioreactor Using X-Ray Micro-PIV." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80700.
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Newly developed cancer therapies must pass through a series of increasingly complex testing regimens before obtaining FDA approval as valid treatments. The costs of these tests increase rapidly as the physiological accuracy of the platform increases, from initial proof-of-concept in static tissue cultures, to treatment of animal models, and ultimately to human clinical trials. Three-dimensional engineered blood-perfused tumor models are becoming increasingly important as intermediate platforms for the study and treatment of cancer, as they are superior to static two-dimensional cultures in their reproduction of relevant physiological conditions and are inexpensive in comparison to animal models. Because of this, the design of well-characterized adaptable in vitro vascular tumor models has become a central objective of the emerging field of tumor engineering. Characterization of the flow within three-dimensional tumor models is critical for quantifying fluid shear stress and determining its role in pivotal tumor development processes such as tumor cell angiogenesis and metastasis. Ultimately, this knowledge will provide new avenues for therapeutic modulation of the tumor microenvironment.
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Christ, Kevin V., and Kevin T. Turner. "Hydrodynamically-Confined Microflows for Cell Adhesion Strength Measurement." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13007.
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Cell adhesion plays a fundamental role in numerous physiological and pathological processes, and measurements of the adhesion strength are important in fields ranging from basic cell biology research to the development of implantable biomaterials. Our group and others have recently demonstrated that microfluidic devices offer advantages for characterizing the adhesion of cells to protein-coated surfaces [1,2]. Microfluidic devices offer many advantages over conventional assays, including the ability to apply high shear stresses in the laminar regime and the opportunity to directly observe cell behavior during testing. However, a key disadvantage is that such assays require cells to be cultured inside closed microchannels. Assays based on closed channels restrict the types of surfaces that can be examined and are not compatible with many standard techniques in cell biology research. Furthermore, while techniques for cell culture in microchannels have become common, maintaining the viability of certain types of cells in channels remains a challenge.
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Mantha, S., L. Mongeau, and T. Siegmund. "Dynamic Digital Image Correlation of a Dynamic Physical Model of the Vocal Folds." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81457.
Full textAbstract:
An experimental study of the vibratory deformation of the human vocal folds was conducted. Experiments were performed using model vocal folds [1, 2], Fig. 1, made of silicone rubber implemented into an air supply system, Fig. 2. The material used to cast the model is an isotropic homogeneous material, [3] with a tangent modulus E=5 kPa at ε = 0, i.e. elastic properties similar to those of the human vocal fold cover [4]. The advantages of the use of model larynx systems over the use of excised larynges include easy accessibility to fundamental studies of the vocal fold vibration without invasive testing. Acoustic analysis of voice or electroglottography provide certain insight into voice production processes but optical techniques for the study of vocal fold vibrations have drawn considerable attention. Videoendoscopy, stroboscopy, high-speed photography, and kymography have shown to provide a visual impression of vocal fold dynamics but are limited in providing insight into the fundamental deformation processes of the vocal folds. Quantitative measures of deformation have been conducted through micro-suture techniques but are invasive and allows for measurements of only view image points. Laser triangulation is non-invasive but is limited to only one local measurement point. Here, digital image correlation technique with the software VIC 3D [5] is applied. For the experimental set-up see Fig. 2. The analysis consists of (1) stereo correlation to obtain in-plane displacements and (2) stereo triangulation step to obtain out-of-plane deformation. For the stereo correlation images of the object at two different stages of deformation are compared. A point in the image of the undeformed object is matched with the corresponding point in the deformed stage. “Subsets” of digital images are traced via their gray value distribution from the undeformed reference image to the deformed image. The uniqueness of the matching is enabled by the creation of a speckle pattern on the object’s surface. Here, a white pigment is mixed into the silicone rubber and subsequently black enamel paint is sprayed onto the superior surface of the vocal folds. The stereo triangulation requires two images of the object at each stage of deformation. These are obtained in a single CCD frame by placing a beam splitter in the optical axis between camera and object. These images provide a “left” and “right” view of the model larynx. Thus, the deformed shape of the vocal folds can be obtained. The method allows for noninvasive measurement of the full-field displacement fields. Images of the superior surface of the model larynx are obtained by the use of a high speed digital camera with a frame rate of 3000 frames per second allowing for more than 30 image frames for each vibration cycle. For the 3D digital image correlation analysis two images of the object are obtained for each time instance as a beam splitter is placed in the optical axis between the camera and the model larynx. Phonation frequencies and onset pressure are given in Fig. 3, showing that the model larynx behavior is close to actual physiological data. Figs 4(a) and (b) provide superior views of the model larynx at maximum glottal opening and at glottal closure, respectively. As one example of measured strain fields, Figs 5(a) and (b) depict the distributions of the transverse strain component, on the glottal surface in a contour plot on the deformed superior surface. The knowledge of the distribution of this strain component is relevant to the assessment of the impact of vocal fold collision on potential tissue damage. In the position of maximum opening the vocal folds are deformed by a combination of a bulging-type deformation and the opening movement. At this time instance, the transverse strains at the medial surface are found to be negative, an indication of Poisson’s deformation. During the closing stage, vocal folds collide and simultaneously a mode 3 vibration pattern emerges. Closure of the glottal opening is not complete and two incomplete closure areas are formed during the closure stage. These open areas are located at the anterior and posterior ends of the model larynx, see Fig. 4(b). The finding of this type of incomplete closure is agreement with both actual glottal measurements [6] and 3D finite element simulations of [7]. Transverse strains during that stage are now positive and considerably larger that during the opening stage. Finally, Fig. 6 depicts the time evolution of the out of plane displacements along the medial surface for the closing phase and Fig. 7 depicts the maximum values of the longitudinal strain (at the coronal section of the medial surface) in dependence of the flow rate. These examples of measurements indicate that the DIC method is promising for studies of vocal fold dynamics.
Reports on the topic "Physiological field testing"
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Hawkins, Brian T., and Sonia Grego. A Better, Faster Road From Biological Data to Human Health: A Systems Biology Approach for Engineered Cell Cultures. RTI Press, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.rb.0015.1706.
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Traditionally, the interactions of drugs and toxicants with human tissue have been investigated in a reductionist way—for example, by focusing on specific molecular targets and using single-cell-type cultures before testing compounds in whole organisms. More recently, “systems biology” approaches attempt to enhance the predictive value of in vitro biological data by adopting a comprehensive description of biological systems and using computational tools that are sophisticated enough to handle the complexity of these systems. However, the utility of computational models resulting from these efforts completely relies on the quality of the data used to construct them. Here, we propose that recent advances in the development of bioengineered, three-dimensional, multicellular constructs provide in vitro data of sufficient complexity and physiological relevance to be used in predictive systems biology models of human responses. Such predictive models are essential to maximally leveraging these emerging bioengineering technologies to improve both therapeutic development and toxicity risk assessment. This brief outlines the opportunities presented by emerging technologies and approaches for the acceleration of drug development and toxicity testing, as well as the challenges lying ahead for the field.