Journal articles: 'Physiological drive'

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Leonard, Janet L., and Ken Lukowiak. "The Behavior of Aplysia Californica Cooper (Gastropoda; Opisthobranchia): I. Ethogram." Behaviour 98, no. 1-4 (1986): 320–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853986x01035.

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AbstractAplysia californica has been extremely popular with neurophysiologists interested in understanding the neural basis of behavior. The major drawback to neuroethological work on this species has been the lack of information on its behavior. We present the first ethogram of this species and a model of the physiological organization of drives (motivational systems) in Aplysia. The ethogram of A. californica contains 45 action patterns, most of which involve relatively subtle movements or postures of the head. Some of these action patterns have been studied physiologically and we summarize that information. The action patterns are superimposable and an individual may perform several action paterns simultaneously. A. californica has five distinct "drives" or motivational systems: feeding, escape, reproduction as a male, reproduction as a female and spawning. The sequence of events involved in escape behavior in response to attack by Navanax (a natural predator) or other mechanical stimuli to the rear is described. Each "drive" activates a particular sequence of action patterns, and certain "drives" are superimposable. Aplysia can copulate as a female while copulating as a male, feeding, or laying eggs. On the other hand, escape is incompatible with female sexual behavior. The available physiological evidence suggests that neuropeptides may play an important role in the organization of drives and their interactions. We present a model which combines the available physiological and behavioral data with the classical ethological drive hypothesis to produce a testable model of the physiological organization of motivation in Aplysia.

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Hood, Sharon M. "Physiological responses to fire that drive tree mortality." Plant, Cell & Environment 44, no. 3 (January 19, 2021): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13994.

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Toparlak, Ö. Duhan, Jacopo Zasso, Simone Bridi, Mauro Dalla Serra, Paolo Macchi, Luciano Conti, Marie-Laure Baudet, and Sheref S. Mansy. "Artificial cells drive neural differentiation." Science Advances 6, no. 38 (September 2020): eabb4920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb4920.

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We report the construction of artificial cells that chemically communicate with mammalian cells under physiological conditions. The artificial cells respond to the presence of a small molecule in the environment by synthesizing and releasing a potent protein signal, brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Genetically controlled artificial cells communicate with engineered human embryonic kidney cells and murine neural stem cells. The data suggest that artificial cells are a versatile chassis for the in situ synthesis and on-demand release of chemical signals that elicit desired phenotypic changes of eukaryotic cells, including neuronal differentiation. In the future, artificial cells could be engineered to go beyond the capabilities of typical smart drug delivery vehicles by synthesizing and delivering specific therapeutic molecules tailored to distinct physiological conditions.

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Radhakrishnan, Vishnu, Natasha Merat, Tyron Louw, Michael G. Lenné, Richard Romano, Evangelos Paschalidis, Foroogh Hajiseyedjavadi, Chongfeng Wei, and Erwin R. Boer. "Measuring Drivers’ Physiological Response to Different Vehicle Controllers in Highly Automated Driving (HAD): Opportunities for Establishing Real-Time Values of Driver Discomfort." Information 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11080390.

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This study investigated how driver discomfort was influenced by different types of automated vehicle (AV) controllers, compared to manual driving, and whether this response changed in different road environments, using heart-rate variability (HRV) and electrodermal activity (EDA). A total of 24 drivers were subjected to manual driving and four AV controllers: two modelled to depict “human-like” driving behaviour, one conventional lane-keeping assist controller, and a replay of their own manual drive. Each drive lasted for ~15 min and consisted of rural and urban environments, which differed in terms of average speed, road geometry and road-based furniture. Drivers showed higher skin conductance response (SCR) and lower HRV during manual driving, compared to the automated drives. There were no significant differences in discomfort between the AV controllers. SCRs and subjective discomfort ratings showed significantly higher discomfort in the faster rural environments, when compared to the urban environments. Our results suggest that SCR values are more sensitive than HRV-based measures to continuously evolving situations that induce discomfort. Further research may be warranted in investigating the value of this metric in assessing real-time driver discomfort levels, which may help improve acceptance of AV controllers.

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Heinke, Paula, Fabian Rost, Julian Rode, Thilo Welsch, Kanar Alkass, Joshua Feddema, Mehran Salehpour, et al. "Diploid hepatocytes drive physiological liver renewal in adult humans." Journal of Hepatology 73 (August 2020): S247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(20)30998-3.

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Faw, Bill. "Non-Drive-Reductive Hedonism and the Physiological Psychology of Inspiration." Philosophy in the Contemporary World 15, no. 2 (2008): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pcw200815223.

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Creemers, Noortje, and Jos J. de Koning. "The physiological mechanism behind the talk test." Kinesiology 49, no. 1 (2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.49.1.15.

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The Talk Test (TT) is a very simple marker of exercise intensity, which has been shown to be a useful surrogate of the ventilatory (VT) and respiratory compensation (RCT) thresholds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a potential mechanism behind the TT. Healthy, college-aged subjects (n=20) performed a maximal and two sub-maximal cycle ergometer tests. The two submaximal tests were performed: with the Talk Test (EXP) and without speaking (the control trial – CON). Oxygen uptake (VO2), CO2 output (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), breathing frequency (BF), end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2) and TT times were recorded. VO2, VCO2 and VE were reduced during the TT and increased immediately after it. BF was reduced during the TT. PETCO2 values (a surrogate of PaCO2) were highest during the TT and lowest before the TT. The time to complete the TT increased across progressive stages. This study supports the hypothesis that talking causes CO2 retention, which may cause ventilatory drive to increase. Since the ventilatory drive is already high above the VT, the apparent CO2 retention associated with speech may cause talking to become uncomfortable

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Reher, Stephanie, Hajatiana Rabarison, B. Karina Montero, James M. Turner, and Kathrin H. Dausmann. "Disparate roost sites drive intraspecific physiological variation in a Malagasy bat." Oecologia 198, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-05088-2.

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AbstractMany species are widely distributed and individual populations can experience vastly different environmental conditions over seasonal and geographic scales. With such a broad ecological reality, datasets with limited spatial and temporal resolution may not accurately represent a species and could lead to poorly informed management decisions. Because physiological flexibility can help species tolerate environmental variation, we studied the physiological responses of two separate populations of Macronycteris commersoni, a bat widespread across Madagascar, in contrasting seasons. The populations roost under the following dissimilar conditions: either a hot, well-buffered cave or within open foliage, unprotected from the local weather. We found that flexible torpor patterns, used in response to prevailing ambient temperature and relative humidity, were central to keeping energy budgets balanced in both populations. While bats’ metabolic rate during torpor and rest did not differ between roosts, adjusting torpor frequency, duration and timing helped bats maintain body condition. Interestingly, the exposed forest roost induced extensive use of torpor, which exceeded the torpor frequency of overwintering bats that stayed in the cave for months and consequently minimised daytime resting energy expenditure in the forest. Our current understanding of intraspecific physiological variation is limited and physiological traits are often considered to be fixed. The results of our study therefore highlight the need for examining species at broad environmental scales to avoid underestimating a species’ full capacity for withstanding environmental variation, especially in the face of ongoing, disruptive human interference in natural habitats.

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Largent-Milnes, Tally M., Deborah M. Hegarty, Sue A. Aicher, and Michael C. Andresen. "Physiological temperatures drive glutamate release onto trigeminal superficial dorsal horn neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 11 (June 1, 2014): 2222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00912.2013.

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Trigeminal sensory afferent fibers terminating in nucleus caudalis (Vc) relay sensory information from craniofacial regions to the brain and are known to express transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. TRP channels are activated by H+, thermal, and chemical stimuli. The present study investigated the relationships among the spontaneous release of glutamate, temperature, and TRPV1 localization at synapses in the Vc. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were recorded from Vc neurons ( n = 151) in horizontal brain-stem slices obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurons had basal sEPSC rates that fell into two distinct frequency categories: High (≥10 Hz) or Low (<10 Hz) at 35°C. Of all recorded neurons, those with High basal release rates (67%) at near-physiological temperatures greatly reduced their sEPSC rate when cooled to 30°C without amplitude changes. Such responses persisted during blockade of action potentials indicating that the High rate of glutamate release arises from presynaptic thermal mechanisms. Neurons with Low basal frequencies (33%) showed minor thermal changes in sEPSC rate that were abolished after addition of TTX, suggesting these responses were indirect and required local circuits. Activation of TRPV1 with capsaicin (100 nM) increased miniature EPSC (mEPSC) frequency in 70% of neurons, but half of these neurons had Low basal mEPSC rates and no temperature sensitivity. Our evidence indicates that normal temperatures (35–37°C) drive spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity within superficial Vc by a mechanism independent of presynaptic action potentials. Thus thermally sensitive inputs on superficial Vc neurons may tonically activate these neurons without afferent stimulation.

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Funk, Jennifer L., and Kathryn L. Amatangelo. "Physiological mechanisms drive differing foliar calcium content in ferns and angiosperms." Oecologia 173, no. 1 (February 16, 2013): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2591-1.

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Laine, Christopher M., Francesco Negro, and Dario Farina. "Neural correlates of task-related changes in physiological tremor." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00041.2013.

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Appropriate control of muscle contraction requires integration of command signals with sensory feedback. Sensorimotor integration is often studied under conditions in which muscle force is controlled with visual feedback. While it is known that alteration of visual feedback can influence task performance, the underlying changes in neural drive to the muscles are not well understood. In this study, we characterize the frequency content of force fluctuations and neural drive when production of muscle force is target guided versus self guided. In the self-guided condition, subjects performed isometric contractions of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle while slowly and randomly varying their force level. Subjects received visual feedback of their own force in order to keep contractions between 6% and 10% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). In the target-guided condition, subjects used a display of their previously generated force as a target to track over time. During target tracking, force tremor increased significantly in the 3–5 and 7–9 Hz ranges, compared with self-guided contractions. The underlying changes in neural drive were assessed by coherence analysis of FDI motor unit activity. During target-guided force production, pairs of simultaneously recorded motor units showed less coherent activity in the 3–5 Hz frequency range but greater coherence in the 7–9 Hz range than in the self-guided contractions. These results show that the frequency content of common synaptic input to motoneurons is altered when force production is visually guided. We propose that a change in stretch-reflex gain could provide a potential mechanism for the observed changes in force tremor and motor unit coherence.

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Sprunger, Macy L., and Meredith E. Jackrel. "Prion-Like Proteins in Phase Separation and Their Link to Disease." Biomolecules 11, no. 7 (July 11, 2021): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11071014.

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Aberrant protein folding underpins many neurodegenerative diseases as well as certain myopathies and cancers. Protein misfolding can be driven by the presence of distinctive prion and prion-like regions within certain proteins. These prion and prion-like regions have also been found to drive liquid-liquid phase separation. Liquid-liquid phase separation is thought to be an important physiological process, but one that is prone to malfunction. Thus, aberrant liquid-to-solid phase transitions may drive protein aggregation and fibrillization, which could give rise to pathological inclusions. Here, we review prions and prion-like proteins, their roles in phase separation and disease, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to counter aberrant phase transitions.

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Vernooij, Carlijn A., Raymond F. Reynolds, and Martin Lakie. "A dominant role for mechanical resonance in physiological finger tremor revealed by selective minimization of voluntary drive and movement." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 9 (May 1, 2013): 2317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00926.2012.

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There is a debate in the literature about whether the low- and high-frequency peaks of physiological finger tremor are caused by resonance or central drive. One way to address this issue is to examine the consequences of eliminating, as far as possible, the resonant properties or the voluntary drive. To study the effect of minimizing resonance, finger tremor was recorded under isometric conditions and compared with normal isotonic tremor. To minimize central drive, finger tremor was generated artificially by broad-band electrical stimulation. When resonance was minimized, tremor size declined almost monotonically with increasing frequency. There was no consistent large peak at a frequency characteristic of tremor. Although there was sometimes a peak around the tremor frequency during some isometric conditions, it was extremely small and variable; therefore, any contribution of central drive was minimal. In contrast, there was always a prominent peak in the isotonic frequency spectra. Resonance was, therefore, necessary to produce the characteristic tremor peaks. When central drive was minimized by replacing voluntary muscle activation with artificial stimulation, a realistic tremor spectrum was observed. Central drive is, therefore, not required to generate a characteristic physiological tremor spectrum. In addition, regardless of the nature of the driving input (voluntary or artificial), increasing the size of the input considerably reduced isotonic tremor frequency. We attribute the frequency reduction to a movement-related thixotropic change in muscle stiffness. From these results we conclude that physiological finger tremor across a large range of frequencies is produced by natural broad-band forcing of a nonlinear resonant system, and that synchronous central input is not required.

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Franks, Nicholas P., and William Wisden. "The inescapable drive to sleep: Overlapping mechanisms of sleep and sedation." Science 374, no. 6567 (October 29, 2021): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi8372.

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Common human experience is that a long period without sleep is unsustainable, and it is also detrimental to health and behavior. The powerful and primal urge to sleep after sleep deprivation is intense and seems inescapable. The longer we stay awake, the more we feel the need to sleep, and however much we resist, we will inevitably succumb. Although it is obvious what benefits derive from other common and strong physiological drives, such as hunger, sex, and thirst, it is less obvious what drives us to sleep and what benefits accrue. Understanding the biochemical or circuit basis for the sleep drive could enable the benefits of sleep to be artificially stimulated with a new generation of sedative drugs.

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Mathias, R. T., J. L. Rae, and G. J. Baldo. "Physiological properties of the normal lens." Physiological Reviews 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 21–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1997.77.1.21.

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The lens is an avascular organ suspended between the aqueous and vitreous humors of the eye. The cellular structure is symmetric about an axis passing through its anterior and posterior poles but asymmetric about a plane passing through its equator. Because of its asymmetric structure, the lens has historically been assumed to perform transport between the aqueous and vitreous humors. Indeed, when anterior and posterior surfaces were isolated in an Ussing chamber, a translens current was measured. However, in the eye, the two surfaces are not isolated. The vibrating probe technique showed the current densities at the surface of a free-standing lens were surprisingly large, about an order of magnitude greater than measured in an Ussing chamber, and were not directed across the lens. Rather, they were inward in the region of either anterior or posterior pole and outward at the equator. This circulating current is the most dramatic physiological property of a normal lens. We believe it is essential to maintain clarity; hence, this review focuses on factors likely to drive and direct it. We review properties and spatial distribution of lens Na+/K+ pumps, ion channels, and gap junctions. Based on these data, we propose a model in which the difference in electromotive potential of surface versus interior cell membranes drives the current, whereas the distribution of gap junctions directs the current in the observed pattern. Although this model is clearly too simple, it appears to quantitatively predict observed currents. However, the model also predicts fluid will move in the same pattern as ionic current. We therefore speculate that the physiological role of the current is to create an internal circulatory system for the avascular lens.

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Kapelner, Rachel A., and Allie C. Obermeyer. "Ionic polypeptide tags for protein phase separation." Chemical Science 10, no. 9 (2019): 2700–2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc04253e.

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Poirel, Christopher L., Richard R. Rodrigues, Katherine C. Chen, John J. Tyson, and T. M. Murali. "Top-Down Network Analysis to Drive Bottom-Up Modeling of Physiological Processes." Journal of Computational Biology 20, no. 5 (May 2013): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2012.0274.

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An, Dong, Jin Zeng, Zachary A. McDargh, Ben O'Shaughnessy, and Rui Su. "Simulations on physiological timescales show SNAREs drive membrane fusion by entropic forces." Biophysical Journal 122, no. 3 (February 2023): 499a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.2661.

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Glaister, Mark. "Multiple-Sprint Work: Methodological, Physiological, and Experimental Issues." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.1.107.

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Tests of repeated-sprint ability provide a simple way to evaluate the basic physical characteristics of speed and endurance necessary to excel in various multiple-sprint sports. Furthermore, such tests help overcome the complications associated with field-based evaluations of this type of exercise. Nevertheless, despite over 40 y of research, many issues regarding our understanding of multiple-sprint work remain unresolved. This commentary aims to raise awareness of issues relating to methodology, physiological responses, and the effectiveness of various ergogenic and training strategies; to promote a greater understanding; and to drive future research.

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Koenig, A., T. Rehg, and R. Rasshofer. "Statistical sensor fusion of ECG data using automotive-grade sensors." Advances in Radio Science 13 (November 3, 2015): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-197-2015.

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Abstract. Driver states such as fatigue, stress, aggression, distraction or even medical emergencies continue to be yield to severe mistakes in driving and promote accidents. A pathway towards improving driver state assessment can be found in psycho-physiological measures to directly quantify the driver's state from physiological recordings. Although heart rate is a well-established physiological variable that reflects cognitive stress, obtaining heart rate contactless and reliably is a challenging task in an automotive environment. Our aim was to investigate, how sensory fusion of two automotive grade sensors would influence the accuracy of automatic classification of cognitive stress levels. We induced cognitive stress in subjects and estimated levels from their heart rate signals, acquired from automotive ready ECG sensors. Using signal quality indices and Kalman filters, we were able to decrease Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of heart rate recordings by 10 beats per minute. We then trained a neural network to classify the cognitive workload state of subjects from heart rate and compared classification performance for ground truth, the individual sensors and the fused heart rate signal. We obtained an increase of 5 % higher correct classification by fusing signals as compared to individual sensors, staying only 4 % below the maximally possible classification accuracy from ground truth. These results are a first step towards real world applications of psycho-physiological measurements in vehicle settings. Future implementations of driver state modeling will be able to draw from a larger pool of data sources, such as additional physiological values or vehicle related data, which can be expected to drive classification to significantly higher values.

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Suter, Beat. "Useful Flies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040871.

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Bishop, T., and M. D. Brand. "Processes contributing to metabolic depression in hepatopancreas cells from the snail Helix aspersa." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 23 (December 1, 2000): 3603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.23.3603.

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Cells isolated from the hepatopancreas of the land snail Helix aspersa strongly depress respiration both immediately in response to lowered P(O2) (oxygen conformation) and, in the longer term, during aestivation. These phenomena were analysed by dividing cellular respiration into non-mitochondrial and mitochondrial respiration using the mitochondrial poisons myxothiazol, antimycin and azide. Non-mitochondrial respiration accounted for a surprisingly large proportion, 65+/−5 %, of cellular respiration in control cells at 70 % air saturation. Non-mitochondrial respiration decreased substantially as oxygen tension was lowered, but mitochondrial respiration did not, and the oxygen-conforming behaviour of the cells was due entirely to the oxygen-dependence of non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Non-mitochondrial respiration was still responsible for 45+/−2 % of cellular respiration at physiological oxygen tension. Mitochondrial respiration was further subdivided into respiration used to drive ATP turnover and respiration used to drive futile proton cycling across the mitochondrial inner membrane using the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin. At physiological oxygen tensions, 34+/−5 % of cellular respiration was used to drive ATP turnover and 22+/−4 % was used to drive proton cycling, echoing the metabolic inefficiency previously observed in liver cells from mammals, reptiles and amphibians. The respiration rate of hepatopancreas cells from aestivating snails was only 37 % of the control value. This was caused by proportional decreases in non-mitochondrial and mitochondrial respiration and in respiration to drive ATP turnover and to drive proton cycling. Thus, the fraction of cellular respiration devoted to different processes remained constant and the cellular energy balance was preserved in the hypometabolic state.

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Rendleman, Annie Jean, Janine A. Rodriguez, Alec Ohanian, and Douglas A. Pace. "More than morphology: Differences in food ration drive physiological plasticity in echinoid larvae." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 501 (April 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.12.018.

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Lovass, Melanie K., Dustin J. Marshall, and Giulia Ghedini. "Conspecific chemical cues drive density-dependent metabolic suppression independently of resource intake." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 17 (July 24, 2020): jeb224824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.224824.

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ABSTRACTWithin species, individuals of the same size can vary substantially in their metabolic rate. One source of variation in metabolism is conspecific density – individuals in denser populations may have lower metabolism than those in sparser populations. However, the mechanisms through which conspecifics drive metabolic suppression remain unclear. Although food competition is a potential driver, other density-mediated factors could act independently or in combination to drive metabolic suppression, but these drivers have rarely been investigated. We used sessile marine invertebrates to test how food availability interacts with oxygen availability, water flow and chemical cues to affect metabolism. We show that conspecific chemical cues induce metabolic suppression independently of food and this metabolic reduction is associated with the downregulation of physiological processes rather than feeding activity. Conspecific cues should be considered when predicting metabolic variation and competitive outcomes as they are an important, but underexplored, source of variation in metabolic traits.

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Lee, Michael L., Mark E. Howard, William J. Horrey, Yulan Liang, Clare Anderson, Michael S. Shreeve, Conor S. O’Brien, and Charles A. Czeisler. "High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510383112.

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Night-shift workers are at high risk of drowsiness-related motor vehicle crashes as a result of circadian disruption and sleep restriction. However, the impact of actual night-shift work on measures of drowsiness and driving performance while operating a real motor vehicle remains unknown. Sixteen night-shift workers completed two 2-h daytime driving sessions on a closed driving track at the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety: (i) a postsleep baseline driving session after an average of 7.6 ± 2.4 h sleep the previous night with no night-shift work, and (ii) a postnight-shift driving session following night-shift work. Physiological measures of drowsiness were collected, including infrared reflectance oculography, electroencephalography, and electrooculography. Driving performance measures included lane excursions, near-crash events, and drives terminated because of failure to maintain control of the vehicle. Eleven near-crashes occurred in 6 of 16 postnight-shift drives (37.5%), and 7 of 16 postnight-shift drives (43.8%) were terminated early for safety reasons, compared with zero near-crashes or early drive terminations during 16 postsleep drives (Fishers exact:P= 0.0088 andP= 0.0034, respectively). Participants had a significantly higher rate of lane excursions, average Johns Drowsiness Scale, blink duration, and number of slow eye movements during postnight-shift drives compared with postsleep drives (3.09/min vs. 1.49/min; 1.71 vs. 0.97; 125 ms vs. 100 ms; 35.8 vs. 19.1; respectively,P< 0.05 for all). Night-shift work increases driver drowsiness, degrading driving performance and increasing the risk of near-crash drive events. With more than 9.5 million Americans working overnight or rotating shifts and one-third of United States commutes exceeding 30 min, these results have implications for traffic and occupational safety.

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Walsted, Emil S., Azmy Faisal, Caroline J. Jolley, Laura L. Swanton, Matthew J. Pavitt, Yuan-Ming Luo, Vibeke Backer, Michael I. Polkey, and James H. Hull. "Increased respiratory neural drive and work of breathing in exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00691.2017.

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Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO), a phenomenon in which the larynx closes inappropriately during physical activity, is a prevalent cause of exertional dyspnea in young individuals. The physiological ventilatory impact of EILO and its relationship to dyspnea are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate exercise-related changes in laryngeal aperture on ventilation, pulmonary mechanics, and respiratory neural drive. We prospectively evaluated 12 subjects (6 with EILO and 6 healthy age- and gender-matched controls). Subjects underwent baseline spirometry and a symptom-limited incremental exercise test with simultaneous and synchronized recording of endoscopic video and gastric, esophageal, and transdiaphragmatic pressures, diaphragm electromyography, and respiratory airflow. The EILO and control groups had similar peak work rates and minute ventilation (V̇e) (work rate: 227 ± 35 vs. 237 ± 35 W; V̇e: 103 ± 20 vs. 98 ± 23 l/min; P > 0.05). At submaximal work rates (140–240 W), subjects with EILO demonstrated increased work of breathing ( P < 0.05) and respiratory neural drive ( P < 0.05), developing in close temporal association with onset of endoscopic evidence of laryngeal closure ( P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, a ventilatory increase ( P < 0.05), driven by augmented tidal volume ( P < 0.05), was seen in subjects with EILO before the onset of laryngeal closure; there were however no differences in dyspnea intensity between groups. Using simultaneous measurements of respiratory mechanics and diaphragm electromyography with endoscopic video, we demonstrate, for the first time, increased work of breathing and respiratory neural drive in association with the development of EILO. Future detailed investigations are now needed to understand the role of upper airway closure in causing exertional dyspnea and exercise limitation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction is a prevalent cause of exertional dyspnea in young individuals; yet, how laryngeal closure affects breathing is unknown. In this study we synchronized endoscopic video with respiratory physiological measurements, thus providing the first detailed commensurate assessment of respiratory mechanics and neural drive in relation to laryngeal closure. Laryngeal closure was associated with increased work of breathing and respiratory neural drive preceded by an augmented tidal volume and a rise in minute ventilation.

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Wu, Tong, Nikolas Martelaro, Simon Stent, Jorge Ortiz, and Wendy Ju. "Learning When Agents Can Talk to Drivers Using the INAGT Dataset and Multisensor Fusion." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478125.

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This paper examines sensor fusion techniques for modeling opportunities for proactive speech-based in-car interfaces. We leverage the Is Now a Good Time (INAGT) dataset, which consists of automotive, physiological, and visual data collected from drivers who self-annotated responses to the question "Is now a good time?," indicating the opportunity to receive non-driving information during a 50-minute drive. We augment this original driver-annotated data with third-party annotations of perceived safety, in order to explore potential driver overconfidence. We show that fusing automotive, physiological, and visual data allows us to predict driver labels of availability, achieving an 0.874 F1-score by extracting statistically relevant features and training with our proposed deep neural network, PazNet. Using the same data and network, we achieve an 0.891 F1-score for predicting third-party labeled safe moments. We train these models to avoid false positives---determinations that it is a good time to interrupt when it is not---since false positives may cause driver distraction or service deactivation by the driver. Our analyses show that conservative models still leave many moments for interaction and show that most inopportune moments are short. This work lays a foundation for using sensor fusion models to predict when proactive speech systems should engage with drivers.

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Baum, Eric B. "Did courtship drive the evolution of mind?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 1996): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00042035.

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AbstractThe driving force in the evolution of language and the human mind was the advantage gained in courtship by efficient communicators. Ontogeny recapitulating phylogeny may offer an alternative to Donald's picture of the relative origins of language and mimesis. Very recent evidence is pertinent to dating the origin of language.

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Mikulincer, Mario, and Phillip R. Shaver. "Commentary on “Is There a Drive to Love?”." Neuropsychoanalysis 10, no. 2 (January 2008): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2008.10773581.

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Wilson, Nathan J., Hoe C. Lee, Sharmila Vaz, Priscilla Vindin, and Reinie Cordier. "Scoping Review of the Driving Behaviour of and Driver Training Programs for People on the Autism Spectrum." Behavioural Neurology 2018 (August 28, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6842306.

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Gaining a driver’s licence represents increased independence and can lead to improved quality of life for individuals and their families. Learning to drive a motor vehicle and maintaining safe on-road skills are often more difficult for people on the autism spectrum. Many countries currently have no autism-specific licencing requirements for learner drivers, and there is a general lack of ASD-specific support and training packages for individuals, their families, and driving instructors. This review synthesises the peer-reviewed literature about the driving characteristics of drivers on the spectrum and driver training available for the cohort. The evidence in this review showed that individuals on the autism spectrum drive differently from their neurotypical counterparts. There are shortcomings in tactical skills of drivers on the autism spectrum, but the extent to which this affects their own safety or the safety of other road users is unclear. Tactical skills can be improved through training programs. There are few autism spectrum-specific learner training programs available. Development of an effective training program will benefit individuals on the spectrum to learn to drive, be independent, and be safe on the road.

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Skinner, Christopher B., Christopher J. Poulsen, Robin Chadwick, Noah S. Diffenbaugh, and Richard P. Fiorella. "The Role of Plant CO2 Physiological Forcing in Shaping Future Daily-Scale Precipitation." Journal of Climate 30, no. 7 (April 2017): 2319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0603.1.

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Continued anthropogenic CO2 emissions are expected to drive widespread changes in precipitation characteristics. Nonetheless, projections of precipitation change vary considerably at the regional scale between climate models. Here, it is shown that the response of plant physiology to elevated CO2, or CO2 physiological forcing drives widespread hydrologic changes distinct from those associated with CO2 radiative forcing and has a role in shaping regional-scale differences in projected daily-scale precipitation changes. In a suite of simulations with the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), reduced stomatal conductance from projected physiological forcing drives large decreases in transpiration and changes the distribution of daily-scale precipitation within and adjacent to regions of dense vegetation and climatologically high transpiration. When atmospheric conditions are marginally favorable for precipitation, reduced transpiration dries the boundary layer and increases the likelihood of dry day occurrence. In CCSM4, the annual number of dry days increases by upward of 15 days yr−1 over tropical land and the continental midlatitudes. Decreases in transpiration from physiological forcing also increase the number of heavy precipitation events by up to 8 days yr−1 in many tropical forest regions. Despite reductions in the land surface contribution to atmospheric moisture, diminished surface latent heat fluxes warm the forest boundary layer and increase moisture convergence from nearby oceans, enhancing instability. The results suggest that consideration of the radiative impacts of CO2 alone cannot account for projected regional-scale differences in daily precipitation changes, and that CO2 physiological forcing may contribute to differences in projected precipitation characteristics among climate models.

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Catania, A. Charles. "Brain and behavior: Which way does the shaping go?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 5 (October 2008): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08005062.

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AbstractEvolutionary contingencies select organisms based on what they can do; brains and other evolved structures serve their behavior. Arguments that brains drive language structure get the direction wrong; with functional issues unacknowledged, interactions between central structures and periphery are overlooked. Evidence supports a peripherally driven central organization. If language modules develop like other brain compartments, then environmental consistencies can engender both structural and functional language units (e.g., the different phonemic, semantic, and grammatical structures of different languages).

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Schaeffer, Michele R., Cassandra T. Mendonca, Marc C. Levangie, Ross E. Andersen, Tanja Taivassalo, and Dennis Jensen. "Physiological mechanisms of sex differences in exertional dyspnoea: role of neural respiratory motor drive." Experimental Physiology 99, no. 2 (December 6, 2013): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2013.074880.

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Middelboe, Mathias, Karin Holmfeldt, Lasse Riemann, Ole Nybroe, and Jakob Haaber. "Bacteriophages drive strain diversification in a marineFlavobacterium: implications for phage resistance and physiological properties." Environmental Microbiology 11, no. 8 (August 2009): 1971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01920.x.

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Vernooij, Carlijn Andrea, Martin Lakie, and Raymond Francis Reynolds. "The complete frequency spectrum of physiological tremor can be recreated by broadband mechanical or electrical drive." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 2 (January 15, 2015): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00519.2014.

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Two frequency peaks of variable preponderance have been reported for human physiological finger tremor. The high-frequency peak (20–25 Hz, seen only in postural tremor) is generally attributed to mechanical resonance, whereas the lower frequency peak (8–12 Hz, seen in both postural and kinetic tremor) is usually attributed to synchronous central or reflexive neural drive. In this study, we determine whether mechanical resonance could generate both peaks. In relaxed subjects, an artificial finger tremor was evoked by random mechanical perturbations of the middle finger or random electrical muscular stimulation of the finger extensor muscle. The high and the low frequencies observed in physiological tremor could both be created by either type of artificial input at appropriate input intensity. Resonance, inferred from cross-spectral gain and phase, occurred at both frequencies. To determine any neural contribution, we compared truly passive subjects with those who exhibited some electromyographic (EMG) activity in the finger extensor; artificially created tremor spectra were almost identical between groups. We also applied electrical stimuli to two clinically deafferented subjects lacking stretch reflexes. They exhibited the same artificial tremor spectrum as control subjects. These results suggest that both typical physiological finger tremor frequencies can be reproduced by random artificial input; neither requires synchronized neural input. We therefore suggest that mechanical resonance could generate both dominant frequency peaks characteristic of physiological finger tremor. The inverse relationship between the input intensity and the resulting tremor frequency can be explained by a movement-dependent reduction in muscle stiffness, a conjecture we support using a simple computational model.

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Brown, Jason W., and Maria Pachalska. "AGENCY AND FREEDOM." Acta Neuropsychologica 20, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9443.

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This paper takes up the problem of agency in relation to freedom. The account is based on the notion that action and perception develop in parallel out of instinctual drive, with thought and imagery pointing to accentuations at pre-perceptual phases, and feeling referring to preliminary segments in action. Objects develop out of drive categories; actions out of drive energy. The inseparability of feeling and concept gives intent and emotion, which innervate concepts. Intent is feeling that gives impetus to decision. The self is deposited early in the process, ideas and feelings midway, acts and objects at the endpoint. The sequence from drive to object constitutes a mental state. The passage from self to act or object is an act of self-realization. Succession in a mental state is simultaneous until actualizing, at which point, though still epochal, the succession takes on temporal order in the present. The precedence of the self in the succession and the affective impulse that action imparts to concepts, gives the feeling of agency, purpose and self-determination.

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Prasher, Sanjay, Megan J. Thompson, Julian C. Evans, Michael El-Nachef, Frances Bonier, and Julie Morand-Ferron. "Innovative consumers: ecological, behavioral, and physiological predictors of responses to novel food." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (May 9, 2019): 1216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz067.

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AbstractConsumer innovation, that is, the acquisition and consumption of novel food types, has received little attention, despite its predominance among animal innovations and its potential implications for the ecology and evolution of species in a changing world. Results of the few studies that have investigated individual responses to novel foods suggest that various ecological, behavioral, and physiological variables may affect individual propensity for consumer innovation, but further work is needed to clarify these relationships. We investigated whether urbanization, social rank, exploratory personality, and baseline levels of corticosterone predict food neophobia and consumer innovation responses of wild-caught black-capped chickadees (N = 170) from 14 sites along an urbanization gradient. Our analyses do not support a link between food neophobia or consumer innovation and urbanization, dominance, or exploratory personality. However, birds with higher levels of baseline corticosterone were quicker to contact novel food types, and more likely to consume novel foods than individuals with lower levels of the hormone. This finding suggests that physiological states that promote foraging behavior might drive individual responses to novel food. Additionally, we found that chickadees tested later in autumn were less neophobic than those tested earlier in the season, perhaps reflecting seasonal changes in food availability. Together, the ability of baseline corticosterone and date of capture to predict responses to novel food suggest that necessity may drive consumer innovation in chickadees.

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Soeria Santoso, Dewi Irawati, and Hafizh Ahmad Boenyamin. "The benefits and physiological changes of high intensity interval training." Universa Medicina 38, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2019.v38.209-216.

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Physical inactivity have been linked with many major non-communicable diseases and as many as 27.5% of adults globally are considered inactive. Physical activity has been proven to be beneficial in the prevention of many chronic diseases and may reduce the risk of premature death. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been gaining popularity as a time-efficient alternative for regular exercise training. Current studies show that HIIT is more efficient in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing blood pressure than moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). The advantage of HIIT in fat loss compared to MICT is still unclear, but HIIT might be more efficient in the obese population. The effect of HIIT on increasing aerobic fitness could be caused by increase in stroke volume due to the increase in cardiac contractility, capillary density and mitochondrial adaptation. Fat loss during HIIT could be caused by increased fat oxidation and elevated hormones that drive lipolysis and reduce appetite. While vigorous physical activity may transiently increase the risk of cardiac events. The effect of HIIT on increasing aerobic fitness could be caused by increase in stroke volume due to the increase in cardiac contractility, increased of capillary density and mitochondrial adaptation. While fat loss during HIIT could be caused by an increased fat oxidation, elevated hormones that drives lipolysis and reduces appetite. While vigorous physical activity may transiently increase the risk of cardiac event. High intensity interval training is generally safe even in the elderly population and in people with coronary heart disease.

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Beulahbel Bency, P. B. "Achievement Motivation and Achievement of Higher Secondary Students of Kanyakumari District." Shanlax International Journal of Education 7, no. 4 (September 1, 2019): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v7i4.633.

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Motivation is imperative because it affects our lives every day. Motivation is the innate drive for all of our activities. All of our behaviors, actions, hope, and beliefs are altered by our inner drive to flourish. Our motives for achievement can range from living needs to satisfying creative needs or realizing success in competitive endeavors. These basic physiological motivational drives alter our natural behavior in different environments. Motivation refers to the dynamics of our practice, which involves our needs, desires, and ambitions in life. It can be well-defined as the driving force trailing all the actions of an individual. The influence of an individual’s needs and enjoy both have a substantial impact on the direction of their behavior. It is placed on your feelings and achievement-related goals. There are different forms of motivation, including external, intrinsic, physiological, and achievement motivation. There are also more adverse forms of motivation. Attainment motivation is based on reaching success and achieving all of our desire in life. It has been imagined in many diverse ways. It can be forwarded as the need for progress or the attainment of quality. Individuals will fill their needs through different means and are driven to succeed for varying reasons, both internal and external. Achievement motives include the need for success and the fear of failure. These are the more predominant reasons that direct our behavior towards positive and negative consequences. The goals of the study were to find the levels, to find the significant association of achievement motivation and achievement based on locality, type of management, type of family and monthly income and to see the correlation between Achievement Motivation and Achievement. Survey Method was used for the present study. 300 higher secondary students were accepted by casual sampling technique from the more senior secondary schools of Kanyakumari district. Percentage Analysis, Mean, Standard Deviation, Chi-square, and Correlation were the statistical techniques used. SPSS analyst zed data and the results arrived. Based on the findings, suggestive measures for improvement were provided.

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Aru, Jaan, Francesca Siclari, William A. Phillips, and Johan F. Storm. "Apical drive—A cellular mechanism of dreaming?" Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 119 (December 2020): 440–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.018.

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Kidder, Koby, Zhen Bian, Lei Shi, and Yuan Liu. "Absence of SIRPα signaling drives TLR9-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like disease independent of IFN-γ in mice." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 145.5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.145.5.

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Abstract The non-physiological phenomenon whereby macrophages phagocytose healthy host cells is a hallmark of severe inflammatory disorders such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The mechanisms underlying the nascence of hemophagocytic macrophages, however, remain largely unknown. Under healthy conditions, macrophages are non-hemophagocytic and therefore do not eat healthy host cells, owing to the inhibitory myeloid receptor SIRPα. However, we previously showed that, unless inflammatory stimulation via TLR agonists or certain pro-inflammatory cytokines is also provided, the mere absence of SIRPα does not drive macrophages to become hemophagocytic. Here we show that hemophagocytic macrophages may arise under inflammatory conditions given an absence of SIRPα signaling and thereby lead to a severe inflammatory state reminiscent of HLH. SIRPα-knockout (Sirpα−/−) mice injected with the TLR9 agonist CpG rapidly developed characteristics of HLH, e.g., hemophagocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercytokinemia, with much greater severity than wild-type mice. Interestingly, IFNγ, a putative driver of HLH, was dispensable in the immunopathology of TLR9-driven HLH in Sirpα−/− mice, as IFNγ neutralization did not ameliorate any symptoms of HLH. As with CpG, other TLR agonists (Poly I:C, LPS, Zymosan) or cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-17A) induced hemophagocytic macrophages that incurred severe HLH in Sirpα−/− mice. Together, these findings implicate that a pre-disposing loss of SIRPα signaling under inflammatory conditions may give rise to hemophagocytic macrophages that drive an HLH-like disease independent of IFNγ.

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Lafferty, Kevin D., and Erin A. Mordecai. "The rise and fall of infectious disease in a warmer world." F1000Research 5 (August 19, 2016): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8766.1.

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Now-outdated estimates proposed that climate change should have increased the number of people at risk of malaria, yet malaria and several other infectious diseases have declined. Although some diseases have increased as the climate has warmed, evidence for widespread climate-driven disease expansion has not materialized, despite increased research attention. Biological responses to warming depend on the non-linear relationships between physiological performance and temperature, called the thermal response curve. This leads performance to rise and fall with temperature. Under climate change, host species and their associated parasites face extinction if they cannot either thermoregulate or adapt by shifting phenology or geographic range. Climate change might also affect disease transmission through increases or decreases in host susceptibility and infective stage (and vector) production, longevity, and pathology. Many other factors drive disease transmission, especially economics, and some change in time along with temperature, making it hard to distinguish whether temperature drives disease or just correlates with disease drivers. Although it is difficult to predict how climate change will affect infectious disease, an ecological approach can help meet the challenge.

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Dissel, Stephane, Markus K. Klose, Bruno van Swinderen, Lijuan Cao, Melanie Ford, Erica M. Periandri, Joseph D. Jones, Zhaoyi Li, and Paul J. Shaw. "Sleep-promoting neurons remodel their response properties to calibrate sleep drive with environmental demands." PLOS Biology 20, no. 9 (September 29, 2022): e3001797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001797.

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Falling asleep at the wrong time can place an individual at risk of immediate physical harm. However, not sleeping degrades cognition and adaptive behavior. To understand how animals match sleep need with environmental demands, we used live-brain imaging to examine the physiological response properties of the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) following interventions that modify sleep (sleep deprivation, starvation, time-restricted feeding, memory consolidation) in Drosophila. We report that dFB neurons change their physiological response-properties to dopamine (DA) and allatostatin-A (AstA) in response to different types of waking. That is, dFB neurons are not simply passive components of a hard-wired circuit. Rather, the dFB neurons intrinsically regulate their response to the activity from upstream circuits. Finally, we show that the dFB appears to contain a memory trace of prior exposure to metabolic challenges induced by starvation or time-restricted feeding. Together, these data highlight that the sleep homeostat is plastic and suggests an underlying mechanism.

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Hug, François, Clément Goupille, Daniel Baum, Brent J. Raiteri, Paul W. Hodges, and Kylie Tucker. "Nature of the coupling between neural drive and force-generating capacity in the human quadriceps muscle." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1819 (November 22, 2015): 20151908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1908.

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The force produced by a muscle depends on both the neural drive it receives and several biomechanical factors. When multiple muscles act on a single joint, the nature of the relationship between the neural drive and force-generating capacity of the synergistic muscles is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the ratio of neural drive and the ratio of muscle force-generating capacity between two synergist muscles (vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM)) in humans. Twenty-one participants performed isometric knee extensions at 20 and 50% of maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). Myoelectric activity (surface electromyography (EMG)) provided an index of neural drive. Physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was estimated from measurements of muscle volume (magnetic resonance imaging) and muscle fascicle length (three-dimensional ultrasound imaging) to represent the muscles' force-generating capacities. Neither PCSA nor neural drive was balanced between VL and VM. There was a large ( r = 0.68) and moderate ( r = 0.43) correlation between the ratio of VL/VM EMG amplitude and the ratio of VL/VM PCSA at 20 and 50% of MVC, respectively. This study provides evidence that neural drive is biased by muscle force-generating capacity, the greater the force-generating capacity of VL compared with VM, the stronger bias of drive to the VL.

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Boers, J., T. W. Ford, G. Holstege, and P. A. Kirkwood. "Functional Heterogeneity Among Neurons in the Nucleus Retroambiguus With Lumbosacral Projections in Female Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 4 (October 2005): 2617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00370.2005.

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Nucleus retroambiguus (NRA), in the caudal medulla, projects to all spinal levels. One physiological role is abdominal pressure control, evidenced by projections to intercostal and abdominal motoneurons from expiratory bulbospinal neurons (EBSNs) within NRA. The roles of NRA projections to the lumbosacral cord are less certain, although those to limb motoneurons may relate to mating behavior and those to Onuf's nucleus (ON) to maintaining continence. To clarify this we physiologically characterized NRA projections to the lumbosacral cord. Extracellular recordings were made in NRA under anesthesia and paralysis in estrus cats. Administered CO2 gave a strong respiratory drive. Antidromic unit responses were recorded to stimulation of the contralateral ventrolateral funiculus of L6, L7, or sacral segments and to microstimulation in the region of semimembranosus motor nucleus or ON. All units were found at sites showing expiratory discharges. Units that showed collisions between antidromic and spontaneous spikes (all in late expiration) were identified as EBSNs. These were common from the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) of L6 (42.5%) or L7 (32.9%), but rare from the sacral VLF or the motor nuclei. Antidromic latencies revealed a subthreshold respiratory drive in some non-EBSNs. This group had lower conduction velocities than the EBSNs. The remainder, with a negligible respiratory drive, had even lower conduction velocities. A new population of NRA neurons has thus been defined. They are not active even with a strong respiratory drive, but may provide most of the synaptic input from NRA to lower lumbar and sacral segments and could subserve functions related to mating behavior.

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Davoli, Luca, Marco Martalò, Antonio Cilfone, Laura Belli, Gianluigi Ferrari, Roberta Presta, Roberto Montanari, et al. "On Driver Behavior Recognition for Increased Safety: A Roadmap." Safety 6, no. 4 (December 12, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety6040055.

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Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADASs) are used for increasing safety in the automotive domain, yet current ADASs notably operate without taking into account drivers’ states, e.g., whether she/he is emotionally apt to drive. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art of emotional and cognitive analysis for ADAS: we consider psychological models, the sensors needed for capturing physiological signals, and the typical algorithms used for human emotion classification. Our investigation highlights a lack of advanced Driver Monitoring Systems (DMSs) for ADASs, which could increase driving quality and security for both drivers and passengers. We then provide our view on a novel perception architecture for driver monitoring, built around the concept of Driver Complex State (DCS). DCS relies on multiple non-obtrusive sensors and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for uncovering the driver state and uses it to implement innovative Human–Machine Interface (HMI) functionalities. This concept will be implemented and validated in the recently EU-funded NextPerception project, which is briefly introduced.

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Lin, Jzau Sgeng, and Sun Ming Huang. "An FPGA-Based Brain-Computer Interface for Wireless Electric Wheelchairs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1616.

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A wireless EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) and an FPGA-based system to control electric wheelchairs through a Bluetooth interface was proposed in this paper for paralyzed patients. Paralytic patients can not move freely and only use wheelchairs in their daily life. Especially, people getting motor neuron disease (MND) can only use their eyes and brain to exercise their willpower. Therefore, real-time EEG and winking signals can help these patients effectively. However, current BCI systems are usually complex and have to send the brain waves to a personal computer or a single-chip microcontroller to process the EEG signals. In this paper, a simple BCI system with two channels and an FPGA-based circuit for controlling DC motor can help paralytic patients easily to drive the electric wheelchair. The proposed BCI system consists of a wireless physiological with two-channel acquisition module and an FPGA-based signal processing unit. Here, the physiological signal acquisition module and signal processing unit were designed for extracting EEG and winking signals from brain waves which can directly transformed into control signals to drive the electric wheelchairs. The advantages of the proposed BCI system are low power consumption and compact size so that the system can be suitable for the paralytic patients. The experimental results showed feasible action for the proposed BCI system and drive circuit with a practical operating in electric wheelchair applications.

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Van Diest, Ilse, Thomas Janssens, Katleen Bogaerts, Stien Fannes, Paul W. Davenport, and Omer Van Den Bergh. "Affective modulation of inspiratory motor drive." Psychophysiology 46, no. 1 (January 2009): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00715.x.

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Murphy, P. B., A. Kumar, C. Reilly, C. Jolley, S. Walterspacher, F. Fedele, N. S. Hopkinson, et al. "Neural respiratory drive as a physiological biomarker to monitor change during acute exacerbations of COPD." Thorax 66, no. 7 (May 19, 2011): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2010.151332.

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klein Selle, Nathalie, Bruno Verschuere, Merel Kindt, Ewout Meijer, and Gershon Ben-Shakhar. "Orienting versus inhibition in the Concealed Information Test: Different cognitive processes drive different physiological measures." Psychophysiology 53, no. 4 (November 30, 2015): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12583.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Physiological drive'

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