Relevant bibliographies by topics / Physiological characteristics

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Physiological characteristics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Physiological characteristics"

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Tolunay, Melek Anday Rifat. "Psychological-physiological characteristics of vaginismus." SCIENTIFIC WORK 62, no. 01 (February 8, 2021): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/62/124-127.

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While vaginismus can occur in some women during the first sexual intercourse, and sometimes in women who have not had any problems during previous sexual intercourse, this diagnosis can occur over time, depending on a traumatic event or problem they are experiencing. Vaginismus is divided into primary and secondary according to the time of its formation. The following are the reasons for the formation of the secondary form: Problems between couples A traumatic birth experience Abortion Exposure to sexual assault Rough gynecological examination, etc. One of the points to note is that the diagnosis of vaginismus may include additional symptoms. These are: Apareunia, Dyspareunia and Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome (VVS, Vulvar Vestibulitis). Although the symptoms we have listed are very similar to vaginismus, they are completely different from each other. Key words: vaginismus, trauma, Attachment, types of vaginismus, couple relationships, Dyspareunia, Vulvar vestibulitis, Aparoni
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Mendoza, Maria E., Maria J. Monte, Maria A. Serrano, Marçal Pastor-Anglada, Bruno Stieger, Peter J. Meier, Manuel Medarde, and Jose J. G. Marin. "Physiological characteristics ofallo-cholic acid." Journal of Lipid Research 44, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.m200220-jlr200.

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Lee, Hyoung-Woo, and Hyun-Seung Rhyu. "Antiaging strategy considering physiological characteristics." Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 15, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.1938214.107.

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Bredin, S. S. D., and D. E. R. Warburton. "PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG CURLERS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (May 1999): S256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-01228.

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Kato, T., Y. Sugajima, S. Fukuzawa, and K. Kitagawa. "PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UNDERWATER WALKING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30, Supplement (May 1998): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-01679.

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Cock, James H., and Mabrouk A. El-Sharkawy. "Physiological Characteristics for Cassava Selection." Experimental Agriculture 24, no. 4 (October 1988): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700100183.

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SummaryBreeding for high and stable yields is a major objective for cassava breeding programmes. Owing to the simultaneous formation of steins and leaves (source) and storage roots (sink), competition for assimilates implies that there is an optimum leaf area index for yield. This has led to the use of the harvest index as a practical criterion for selection. The optimal harvest index and leaf area index are discussed for selection for stressful environments. A successful strategy for developing high yielding varieties for favourable conditions is presented. Recent information has shown that selection for a slightly larger than optimal leaf area index, and hence greater biomass, can lead to stable yield in both favourable and stressful environments. Moreover, yield levels can be increased by selecting for moderate harvest indices (e.g. 0.5-0.65) and increased biomass. Longer leaf life is an integral part of this selection strategy. These concepts are discussed in detail.James H. Cock y Mabrouk A. El-Sharkawy: Caracteristicas fisiológicas para la selección de la mandioca.
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Masabni, Joseph G., and Bernard H. Zandstra. "Physiological characteristics of linuron-resistantPortulaca oleracea." Weed Science 48, no. 4 (July 2000): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0420:pcolrp]2.0.co;2.

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Tumilty, Douglas. "Physiological Characteristics of Elite Soccer Players." Sports Medicine 16, no. 2 (August 1993): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199316020-00002.

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Giovannini, D., D. M. Glenn, and R. Scorza. "PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE GROWTH TYPES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 669b—669. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.669b.

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The objective was to study selected physiological characteristics of the canopy and examine changes in dry matter partitioning between the root and shoot in two genetically reduced size growth types (dwarf and pillar) relative to the standard growth type. The dwarf phenotype had reduced leaf/root ratio, less allocation of dry matter to woody tissue and more to leaf tissue, high net photosynthesis, and lower leaf respiration compared to the standard and pillar phenotypes. The dwarf and pillar types had greater resistance to water flow than the standard type. Genetic changes in growth habit significantly alter many physiological parameters of peach tree growth and structure.
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Bernardi, Marco, Filippo M. Quattrini, Angelo Rodio, Giuseppe Fontana, Andrea Madaffari, Marco Brugnoli, and Marco Marchetti. "Physiological characteristics of America's Cup sailors." Journal of Sports Sciences 25, no. 10 (August 2007): 1141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410701287172.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physiological characteristics"

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Embleton, Sally J. "Physiological and pathological human ocular perfusion characteristics." Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14558/.

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There were three principle aims to this thesis. Firstly, the acquisition protocols of clinical blood flow apparatus were investigated in order to optimise them for both cross-sectional and longitudinal application. Secondly, the effects of physiological factors including age and systematic circulation on ocular blood flow were investigated. Finally, the ocular perfusion characteristics of patients diagnosed with ocular diseases considered to be of a vascular origin were investigated. The principle findings of this work are:- 1) Optimisation of clinical investigations Photodiode sensitivity of the scanning laser Doppler flowmeter should be kept within a range of 70-150 DC when acquiring images of the retina and optic nerve head in order to optimise the reproducibility of capillary blood flow measures. Account of the physiological spatial variation in retinal blood flow measures can be made using standard analysis protocols of the scanning laser Doppler flowmeter combined with a local search strategy. Measurements of pulsatile ocular blood flow using the ocular blood flow analyser are reproducible, however this reproducibility can be improved when consecutive intraocular pressure pulses are used to calculate pulsatile ocular blood flow. Spectral analysis of the intraocular pressure pulse-wave is viable and identifies the first four harmonic components of the waveform. 2) Physiological variation in ocular perfusion Age results in a significant reduction in perfusion of the retinal microcirculation, which is not evident in larger vessel beds such as the choroid. Despite known asymmetry in the systemic vasculature, no evidence of interocular asymmetry in ocular perfusion is apparent. 3) Pathological variation in ocular perfusion In primary open angle glaucoma, perfusion is reduced in the retinal microcirculation of patients classified as having early to moderate visual field defects. However, ocular pulsatility defects are masked when patients and subjects are matched for systemic variables (pulse rate and mean arterial pressure); differentiation is facilitated by the application of waveform analysis to the continuos intraocular pressure curve even in the early stages of disease. Diabetic patients with adequate glycaemic control, exhibit maintenance of macular blood flow, macular topography and visual function following phacoemulsification.
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Linaker, Kelly, and n/a. "Physiological and Performance characteristics of Elite Mountain Bike Cyclists." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20080916.141457.

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Cross-country (XC) mountain bike (MTB) riding is a new cycling discipline and research examining the physiological demands of MTB racing is limited. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively measure physiological characteristics, to identify the performance demands of XC and time trial (TT) MTB racing and to simulate a field MTB race in the laboratory to measure the physiological responses associated with racing. Twelve male and four female elite MTB cyclists volunteered to take part in this study. Subjects completed maximal aerobic power and, anaerobic power and capacity tests. MTB race data was collected during TT and XC competitions with SRM MTB power cranks fitted to the subjects MTB. Five male MTB cyclists (V . O2max 72.0 +/- 4.6 ml/kg/min-1, maximum power output (MPO) 5.40 +/- 0.30 W/kg-1, maximum heart rate (HRmax) 189 +/- 7 bpm) performed two laps of a MTB course in the field using their race bikes with MTB SRM power cranks fitted. A laboratory MTB race simulation was performed using a wind braked ergometer. Cyclists attempted to match the average and peak power output (W/kg-1) achieved in the field trial in the laboratory. Power output (PO), heart rate (HR) and cadence (revolutions per minute, rpm) were measured during field and laboratory trials, while oxygen uptake (V . O2) was determined only during the laboratory simulation. Results showed TT MTB racing is significantly shorter in duration and distance than XC racing and significantly higher for power output and heart rate, with more time spent above anaerobic threshold (16.0 +/- 2.4 and 22.8 +/- 4.3% time) and MPO (38.4 +/- 5.2 and 26.5 +/- 9.4% time) than XC racing (p<0.05). Mean power output and heart rate between the field and laboratory trials were similar (4.18 +/- 0.55 and 4.17 +/- 0.15 W/kg-1 respectively, 175 +/- 9 and 170 +/- 8 bpm). Time spent below 2 W/kg-1 and above 6 W/kg-1 for the field and laboratory trials accounted for ~32% and ~30% of the total time, respectively. During field and laboratory trials, cyclists utilised 77.8 and 77.3% of MPO, 93 and 90% of HRmax, respectively. There was a significant difference between mean cadence in the field and laboratory trials (60.3 +/- 9.1 and 75.2 +/- 7.0 rpm, respectively, p<0.05). The cadence band of 60-69 rpm showed a significant difference between the time spent in that band from the field (14.6%) to the laboratory (4.6%). The time spent above a cadence of 80 rpm in the field was 29.8% compared to the laboratory at 62.0% of the time. Mean and peak V . O2 for the simulation was 57.5 +/- 3.3 and 69.3 +/- 4.4 ml/kg-1/min-1 respectively, with cyclists sustaining an average of ~80% V . O2max. In summary, MTB competition requires multiple short-high intensity efforts and places high demands on both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. The power output and heart rate responses to a MTB field race are similar when simulated in the laboratory, although in the laboratory higher cadences are selected for the higher power outputs than the field.
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Trepanier, Alex. "Physiological characteristics and performance of NHL entry draft players." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ43964.pdf.

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Trépanier, Alex. "Physiological characteristics and performance of NHL entry draft players." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20480.

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This study examined the relationship between the physical fitness of National Hockey League (NHL) entry draft players and performance in the NHL. Physiological profiles were compared by level (NHL vs non-NHL) and position (forwards vs defense). The fitness level was determined by an assessment of body composition, anaerobic fitness, strength, power, muscular endurance, flexibility, and aerobic fitness. Subjects were 422 male hockey players, consisting of NHL entry draft (n = 310), minor league professional (n = 59) and NHL professional (n = 53) players. Results revealed that when drafted, physiological profiles of players who reach the NHL were significantly different from non-NHL players. Players that eventually made the NHL tended to be heavier and had higher peak power (W), mean power (W), VO2max (L/min), grip strength and leg power. The fitness variables in the test battery had low predictive power to identify players who played in the NHL. Physiological profiles of forwards were significantly different from defense. Defense were taller, heavier, and fatter than forwards. Defense had higher peak power (W), grip strength and leg power compared to forwards. The forwards were higher in VO2max when expressed relative to body weight. NHL entry draft players were lower in upper body strength than minor league professionals and NHL players.
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Tennant, Brian Prichard. "Biosynthesis and physiological characteristics of endogenous ouabain-like substance." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272367.

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Leslie, Vikki. "Physiological and match performance characteristics of field hockey players." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9822.

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This thesis aimed to examine the physiological and match performance characteristics of field hockey players in relation to age, sex and playing standard. The relationship between the physiological and match performance characteristics of players was also investigated. In Chapter 4, the physiological characteristics of 159 elite male international U16, U18, U21 and senior (mean±S.E. age, 15±0.1; 16.9±0.2; 20.1±0.2 and 24.9±0.7 years respectively) players were profiled. Seventy-seven players completed a series of lab tests including: treadmill VO2peak, repeated 10 x 6 s cycle ergometer sprints, maximum blood lactate concentration and running economy during submaximal treadmill running. Eighty-two players completed a 15 m sprint and a multi-stage fitness test. Field test characteristics of successful (went on to compete at senior international level) and unsuccessful (did not compete beyond junior international level) players were compared. Directly determined VO2peak was not different when squads were compared (U16 vs. U18 vs. U21 vs. senior; 58.7±0.9 vs. 60.5±0.8 vs. 60.9±0.9 vs. 59.7±0.9; ml.kg-1.min-1; P>0.05). Successful U21 players were faster over 15 m than unsuccessful U21 players (successful U21 vs. unsuccessful U21; 2.37±0.02 vs. 2.44±0.02; s; P<0.05). These findings suggest that a high peak oxygen uptake of approximately 60 ml.kg-1.min-1 is a prerequisite for elite male hockey players from at least U16 level onwards. Sprint speed may be a key factor determining progression from junior to senior international level. Chapter 5 examined the match performance characteristics of male U16 (16.0±0.3 years, n=8), U18 (17.8±0.1 years, n=14) and senior (25.7±0.6 years, n=16) elite level players. Players wore a non-differential GPS device (SPI Elite, GPSports, Australia) during at least one full match. Duration, distance covered, mean speed and maximum speed were obtained for the total match and the 1st and 2nd halves. Match activities were analysed in absolute terms and also relative to an individual's maximal speed. Results showed players from all age groups covered similar total distances (5385.0±315.7; 6608.4±317.9; 6260.4±296.2, m, U16 vs. U18. vs. senior, P>0.05) at similar mean speeds (8.0±0.2 vs. 8.1±0.3 vs. 7.6±0.1, km.h-1, U16 vs. U18. vs. senior, P>0.05) and the majority of the movements completed by players could be categorised as low-moderate intensity (<14.5 km.h-1) during match play (87.6 %, 86.7 % and 87.8 % for U16, U18 and senior players respectively). All age groups demonstrated fatigue during the second half of a match, but senior players exhibited the highest decrement in high intensity activity (>14.5 km.h-1). Results from this study suggest that the activities associated with elite level hockey competition are predominantly low intensity. Similar demands are placed on elite players from U16 to senior level. Age-related differences in exercise metabolism are likely to account for differences in the fatigue profiles of high intensity activity over the course of a game. Using the same methodology as Chapter 5, Chapter 6 sought to profile the match performance characteristics of elite female U16 (16.2±0.1 years, n=7), U18 (17.6±0.2 years, n=5) and senior (24.5±0.8 years, n=15) players. Amongst female players there were no differences between age groups in the distance covered (4962.3±295.1 vs. 5202.5±155.5 vs. 5581.1±208.8 m, U16 vs. U18 vs. senior, P>0.05) the mean speed (23.3±0.6 vs. 23.5±0.7 vs. 24.3±0.3 km.h-1, U16 vs. U18 vs. senior, P>0.05) during a match. While senior females completed more high intensity movement (>14.5 km.h-1) than U16 players (5.0±0.8 vs. 7.5±0.6 %, P<0.05), there were no other differences in the match activity profiles between age groups (analysed in absolute and relative terms). Senior females demonstrated a reduction in the amount of high intensity activity during the second half of a match. These results suggest that, similar to elite male hockey, elite female competition predominantly involves activity that can be classified as low-moderate intensity. The decrement in high intensity activity during the second half of a match in senior players may be related to performing significantly more high intensity bouts over the course of a game than younger players. In Chapter 7, the relationship between the physiological and performance characteristics of 26 university level female players (20.8±0.5 years) was examined. The distance travelled during games in terms of low (0-6 km.h-1), moderate (6-14.5 km.h-1) and high intensity (>14.5 km.h-1) movements was examined. Players also completed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRT), the Interval Shuttle Run Test (ISRT), the Multi-Stage Fitness Test (MSFT) and a laboratory assessment of speed at 4 mmol.L-1 blood lactate concentration and a VO2max test. The total distance covered during a match was associated with VO2max, speed at 4 mmol.L-1, YYIRT, ISRT and MSFT performance (Pearson's correlation coefficients; 0.58; 0.67; 0.67; 0.61; 0.58, respectively, P<0.05 in all cases). Mean speed was also related to VO2max, speed at 4 mmol.L-1, YYIRT, ISRT and MSFT (Pearson's correlation coefficients: 0.58; 0.71; 0.61; 0.62; 0.54 respectively, P<0.05 in all cases). The amount of high intensity activity, which may be an indicator of the quality of match performance was most closely associated with VO2max, YYIRT and ISRT (Pearson's correlation coefficients: 0.60; 0.60; 0.54 respectively, P<0.01 in all cases). These results suggest that player performance during a match is related to their physiological characteristics. Such characteristics can be examined using both field and laboratory tests. Chapter 8 examined the physiological, skill and match performance characteristics of three different competitive levels of female field hockey players. The players were recruited from the 1st (n=13), 2nd (n=10) and 3rd (n=16) teams of Loughborough University Ladies Hockey Club. Players completed field based physiological assessments (YYIRT, ISRT, MSFT and 5,10, 20 and 30 m sprints) and a field based hockey specific dribbling test. Laboratory measures included treadmill VO2max and a submaximal speed lactate test. Results from comparisons between teams did not indicate any differences based on any physiological or match performance parameters (P>0.05 in all cases). Superior dribbling skill, as assessed during a hockey-specific skill test, discriminated 1st team from 2nd and 3rd team players (2.58±0.22 vs. 4.43±0.28 and 3.90±0.27 s, P<0.01, 1st vs. 2nd and 1st vs. 3rd). These results suggest that skill is crucial to determining success in competitive field hockey. Based on the investigations outlined above it appears a relatively high maximal oxygen uptake is a prerequisite for elite level players from junior to senior levels, although it probably does not distinguish between playing standards. In contrast both short distance speed and skill would seem to discriminate between different standards of field hockey performance. Therefore, in order to succeed at the elite level of field hockey players must possess a certain degree of speed, aerobic power and hockey specific dribbling ability. In terms of match play, it would appear that the demands placed on elite junior and senior players during match play are very similar and this observation may explain why a relatively high aerobic power is required even at junior level. Match performance (in particular with respect to high intensity activities) may be different between elite and sub-elite players and because there appears to be a strong link between physiological and match performance characteristics, laboratory and field based assessments may be used to provide an indication of a player's likely physical performance during a match.
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Eaton, Sharyn. "The technical and physiological characteristics of the vibromyographic signal." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/47621/.

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Skeletal muscle contractions emit a low frequency sound (<100Hz) that can be detected by vibromyography (VMG) or mechanomyography (MMG). The aim of this study was to determine the future application of the VMG signal as a clinical tool in reflecting the physiological state or function of muscle during rehabilifation and diagnosis. In order to achieve this aim, the following was investigated. A) The technical characteristics: Three different transducers (the capacitance and piezoelectric accelerometers and the contact sensor) and the transducer/ amplifier system. B) The repeatability of the VMG signal at different force levels. C) Physiological characteristics of the VMG signal comparing 'normal' and 'abnormal' muscle function. Past studies on VMG have revealed that these three areas have received little attention. The VMG signal was taken from the biceps brachii muscle at different contraction levels 10%, 50% and 80% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for within day (n=3) and between day (n=17) recordings. The signal from asymptomatic (n=29) and symptomatic (n=23) low back pain subjects was then compared. Recordings were taken from the erector spinae muscle at an incremental increase in voluntary contraction (10%-100%MVC). These recordings were repeated on the next day. Results from this study have revealed the following: A) Technical characteristics : the lower cut-off frequency is important and insufficient attention in past studies has been given to the transducer-amplifier system. Additionally, the capacitance accelerometer was the favoured transducer due to its greater sensitivity to low frequencies, simplicity of use and ease of stabilising and coupling techniques to the skin. B) Repeatability of the VMG signal: For successive recordings, compared with precision (%C.O.V and L.O.A) and reliability (I.C.C), correlation (r value) of the VMG signal appears a much stronger and a more consistent statistic in the time and frequency domains. C) Physiological Characteristics: Although having a high individual variation, the erector spinae demonstrated a strong curvilinear relationship with increasing submaximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) reflecting the recruitment and rate coding strategies for this muscle. The VMG RMS for symptomatic low back pain subjects was considerably less than asymptomatic subjects suggesting a deficiency in muscle function. In contrast, the PSD was less favourable in distinguishing between the two subject groups. Reasons for these findings are discussed. In future, the clinical application of the VMG RMS values may quantitatively assess paraspinal muscle force reflecting physiological changes in recruitment and rate coding strategies in 'normal' and 'abnormal' muscle function during rehabilitative care.
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Wynn, Persephone M. "Physiological and psychological characteristics of elite female adolescent athletes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34163.

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The elite female adolescent athletes in this study were late maturers and had a later onset of menarche than the non-elite female adolescent athletes. They had less adipose tissue and more muscle than the non-elite athletes, though they were similar in height and body mass. The elite athletes had higher VO2 peak (l.min-1) and lower maximum heart rates (beat.min-1) when analysed by age and maturation status. VO2 peak (ml.kg-1min-1) was higher in the elite athletes but there was no effect of age or maturation. The elite athletes were less economical than the non-elite athletes during submaximal running, yet had lower blood lactate concentrations (mmol.l-1), lower heart rates (beats.min-1), worked at a lower percentage of their maximum heart rates, reported lower rates of perceived exertion and had lower R values. During the 30 s cycle maximal sprint the groups were similar for peak power (W) but there were independent effects of age and maturation. The elite girls had higher mean power output (W and W.kg-1). Blood lactate concentrations were similar for both groups though there was an independent effect of age and maturation. The elite athletes had higher combined leg press, higher left leg press and higher arm press than the non-elite athletes. There was an independent effect of age and maturation power and strength. The elite athletes were more skilled at using psychological strategies in training and competition and perceived that the significant others around them were both task- and ego-oriented with regards to their sporting success.
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Danielsson, Sebastian. "Physiological characteristics of sodium lactate infusion during resistance exercise." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5782.

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Previous studies that utilized sodium lactate infusion did not use resistance exercise protocol or analyzed muscle biopsies, or performed sex specific analysis. Aim: We initiated a project where resistance exercise was performed with low and high levels of lactate, acquired by venous lactate infusion where the specific aim of this study was to investigate and chart the physiological characteristics of sodium lactate infusion during a bout of resistance exercise on whole group level and sexes separated Method: A randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over design was implemented where male (n = 8) and female (n = 8) subjects accustomed to resistance exercise visited the laboratory three times for preliminary testing and training familiarization. In the following two experimental trials subjects arrived in an overnight fasted state. A resting state muscle biopsy was extracted from m. vastus lateralis and repeated blood samples were initiated which followed by 20 minute of baseline infusion of either infusate in resting state at 0.05 mmol/kg/min infusion rate with additional bolus doses during subsequent exercise. Following a brief warm up, unilateral knee-extensions (6 x 8-10 reps at 75% of 1-RM) were performered with or without venous infusion of sodium lactate, with volume matched saline as control. Exercise load and volume were matched between trials. Four additional biopsies were extracted at post-exercise, recovery period, and 24-hour post-exercise. Results: Sodium lactate infusion vs saline infusion respectively during resistance exercise yielded significantly higher blood lactate with sodium lactate (6.78 ± 0.33 mmol/l vs 2.99 ± 0.17 mmol/l), plasma lactate (8.86 ± 0.39 mmol/l vs 4.39 ± 0.22 mmol/l), blood sodium (143 ± 0.4 mmol/l vs 142 ± 0.3 mmol/l), blood pH (7.42 ± 0.01 vs 7.34 ± 0.01), but lower blood potassium (3.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l vs 4.2 ±  0.1 mmol/l), all  immediately following exercise. Sodium lactate infusion elicited main effect of trials and muscle lactate increased from baseline (8.5 ± 0.9 mmol·kg-1 dw vs 7.0 ± 0.6 mmol·kg-1 dw) to post-exercise (31.5 ± 2.8 mmol·kg-1 dw vs 26.9 ± 3.2 mmol·kg-1 dw) with sodium lactate and saline infusion respectively. Blood glucose, hemoglobin and muscle pH was not affected by sodium lactate infusion. Conclusions: Utilization of the sodium lactate infusion method during a bout of resistance exercise may be used as tool to effectively increase blood/plasma lactate and, to lesser extent, muscle content of lactate. However, a concomitant slightly alkalizing effect of blood likely will occur.
Tidigare studier som använt natriumlaktat infusion använde inte styrketräningsprotokoll, eller analyserade muskelbiopsier eller utförde könsspecifika analyser. Syfte och frågeställningar: Vi initierade ett projekt där styrketräning utfördes med låga eller höga nivåer av laktat som erhölls genom venös natriumlaktat infusion med det specifika syftet att undersöka och kartlägga fysiologisk karakteristiska av naturiumlaktat infusion under styrketräningsövning på helgrupps- och könsseparerad nivå. Följande frågeställningar inrättades; hur påverkar natriumlaktat infusion under styrketräning helblod- och plasma laktat, glukos, natrium, kalium, plasma volym genom hemoglobin och hematokrit, blod pH, muskellaktat- och muskel pH samt om skillnader i respons finns efter att könsspecifika analyser utförts på dessa variabler. Metod: En randomiserad, placebokontrollerad cross-over design implementerades där styrketräningsvana män (n = 8) och kvinnor (n = 8) besökte laboratoriet tre gånger för preliminäraför tester och träningsfamiliarisering. I efterföljande två experimentella försök anlände försökspersonerna i ett över nattligt fastande tillstånd. En baslinje biopsi extraherades från m. vastus lateralis och repeterade blodprover initierades med efterföljande 20 minuter av baslinje infusion av endera infusat i vilotillstånd med 0.05 mmol/kg/min infusionshastighet med ytterligare bolusdoser under efterföljande träning. Efter en kort uppvärmning utfördes unilaterala knäextensioner (6 x 8-10 reps vid 75% av 1-RM) med eller utan venös infusion av natrium laktat, med volymmatchande saltlösning som kontroll. Träningsbelastning och volym matchades mellan försök. Ytterligare fyra biopsier extraherades vid efter-träning, återhämtningsperiod, och efter 24 timmar. Resultat: Natriumlaktat respektive saltlösnings infusion under styrketräning gav signifikant högre blodlaktat med natriumlaktat infusion (6.78 ± 0.33 mmol/l mot 2.99 ± 0.17 mmol/l), plasmalaktat (8.86 ± 0.39 mmol/l mot 4.39 ± 0.22 mmol/l), blodnatrium (143 ± 0.4 mmol/l mot 142 ± 0.3 mmol/l), blod pH (7.42 ± 0.01 mot 7.34 ± 0.01), men lägre blod kalium (3.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l mot 4.2 ± 0.1 mmol/l), alla direkt efter träning. Natriumlaktat infusion framkallade huvudeffekt av försök och muskellaktat ökade från baslinje (8.5 ± 0.9 mmol·kg-1 dw mot 7.0 ± 0.6 mmol·kg-1 dw) till efter-träning (31.5 ± 2.8 mmol·kg-1 dw mot 26.9 ± 3.2 mmol·kg-1 dw) med natriumlaktat respektive saltlösnings infusion. Blodglukos, hemoglobin och muskel pH påverkades inte av natriumlaktat infusion. Slutsats: Användande av natriumlaktat infusion som metod under styrketräning kan effektivt användas som verktyg för att höja blod/plasma laktat, och i mindre utsträckning, muskellaktat. Emellertid är samtidig alkalisering av blod en sannolik följd.
Potential sex differences in the molecular response to resistance exercise with lactate infusion
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Hugg, Peter J., and n/a. "The selection of Australian youth soccer players based on physical and physiological characteristics." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060726.172530.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a physiological profile of elite Australian Youth soccer players. Over three years, 150 players from the U'17, U'20 and U'23 national squads were tested for six measurements - height, weight, sum of eight skinfolds, vertical jump, maximum oxygen consumption and speed over twenty metres. Comparisons were made between those selected in the final team (classified as Successful) and those who failed to be selected (classified as Unsuccessful) to determine any significant differences between the two groups A physical and physiological profile was obtained for each player - expressed as a single value in both numerical and graphical formats. Players were ranked based on this score to determine significant differences between successful and unsuccessful players. Several significant differences (p<0.05) were found between Successful and Unsuccessful groups for a number of the variables primarily in the performance area rather than in the anthropometry parameters. For all squads, significant differences (P<0.05) were found between those who made the squad and those who did not when ranked based on their physical and physiological score. This study highlights the importance of the application of scientific testing to soccer Furthermore, it provides a system by which players' results can be analysed and ranked, and expressed in a format that provides the coach with immediate feedback as to an individual's specific strengths and weaknesses as a basis for training and team selection.
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Books on the topic "Physiological characteristics"

1

Barton, Larry, Dennis A. Bazylinski, and Xu Huifang. Nanomicrobiology: Physiological and environmental characteristics. New York: Springer, 2014.

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Reddix, Michael D. Mental chronometry during fixations in reading: Processing orthographic characteristics of the text. Champaign, Ill: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985.

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Lowham, H. W. Characteristics of fluvial systems in the plains and deserts of Wyoming. Cheyenne, Wyo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Mowery, Ann C. Techniques for determining segmental characteristics in a kinematic analysis of the golf drive. Eugene: Microform Publications, College of Human Development and Performance, University of Oregon, 1986.

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Nummela, Ari. A new laboratory test method for estimating anaerobic performance characteristics with special reference to sprint running. Jyväskylä [Finland]: University of Jyväskylä, 1996.

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Kallio, Richard Robert. Behavioural and physiological attributes of four overwintering insects occupying two hibernacula having different thermal characteristics. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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Carnelley, Trevor. Correlation between chemical characteristics and biological reactivity of particulate matter in ambient air. [Edmonton]: Alberta Environment, Environmental Sciences Division, 2001.

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Häkkinen, Keijo. Training and detraining adaptations in electromyographic, muscle fibre and force production characteristics of human leg extensor muscles with special reference to prolonged heavy resistance and explosive type strength training. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 1986.

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Han'gugin ŭi maŭm: Oraedoen misul esŏ ch'annŭn uri ŭi simnijŏk kijil. Sŏul-si: Sahoe P'yŏngnon, 2011.

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Han'gugin ŭi maŭm: Oraedoen misul esŏ ch'annŭn uri ŭi simnijŏk kijil. Sŏul-si: Sahoe P'yŏngnon, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physiological characteristics"

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Inoué, Shinya, and Kenneth R. Spring. "Physiological Characteristics of the Eye." In Video Microscopy, 163–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5859-0_4.

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Inoué, Shinya. "Physiological Characteristics of the Eye." In Video Microscopy, 71–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6925-8_4.

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Feng, T. P. "The Neural Determination of Skeletal Muscle Fibre Characteristics." In Advances in Physiological Research, 253–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9492-5_14.

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van den Pol, Anthony N. "Physiological Characteristics of Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons." In Hypocretins, 123–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25446-3_8.

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Siveke, Ida, Stephan D. Ewert, and Lutz Wiegrebe. "Perceptual and Physiological Characteristics of Binaural Sluggishness." In Hearing – From Sensory Processing to Perception, 467–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73009-5_50.

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Pieterse, M. C. "Ultrasonic Characteristics of Physiological Structures on Bovine Ovaries." In Diagnostic Ultrasound and Animal Reproduction, 37–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1249-1_4.

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Zavalishina, Svetlana. "Physiological Characteristics of Dairy-Plant Calves Receiving Katozal." In Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021), 485–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91405-9_53.

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Jarillo, Jose A., Juan Capel, and Anthony R. Cashmore. "Physiological and Molecular Characteristics of Plant Circadian Clocks." In Molecular Biology of Circadian Rhythms, 185–209. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471459186.ch8.

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Birch, J. R., R. C. Boraston, H. Metcalfe, M. E. Brown, C. R. Bebbington, and R. P. Field. "Selecting and designing cell lines for improved physiological characteristics." In Cell Culture Engineering IV, 11–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0257-5_3.

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Hüsemann, Wolfgang. "Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Photoautotrophic Plant Cell Cultures." In Plant Cell Biotechnology, 179–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73157-0_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Physiological characteristics"

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Emge, Ian, Leslie Scheurer, Ryan Grant, Narasimha Prasad, Lisa Kelly, Bradley R. Arnold, Fow-Sen Choa, Brett Setera, and Narsingh B. Singh. "Surface characteristics of polymer nanocomposites." In Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology XVIII, edited by Brian M. Cullum, Eric S. McLamore, and Douglas Kiehl. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2585834.

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Yu, Hongzhi, and Dandan Guo. "Study on Physiological Characteristics of Emotion." In 2015 Fifth International Conference on Instrumentation & Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2015.276.

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Singh, Narsingh Bahadur, Jayati Bhavsar, Pooja Gautam, Bradley Arnold, Lisa Kelly, Brian M. Cullum, Fow-Sen Choa, et al. "Design and characteristics of hydroxyapatites: effect of radiation." In Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology XV, edited by Brian M. Cullum, Eric S. McLamore, and Douglas Kiehl. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2301032.

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Partila, P., M. Voznak, T. Peterek, M. Penhaker, V. Novak, J. Tovarek, M. Mehic, and L. Vojtech. "Impact of human emotions on physiological characteristics." In SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, edited by Harold H. Szu and Liyi Dai. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2050679.

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Werner, Raphael, Susanne Fuchs, Jürgen Trouvain, and Bernd Möbius. "Inhalations in Speech: Acoustic and Physiological Characteristics." In Interspeech 2021. ISCA: ISCA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1262.

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Xiong, Huabin, Changqun Duan, Denggao Fu, Mingzhi Liang, Kai Yan, and Feng He. "Physiological response characteristics ofCamellia sinensisto As stress." In International conference on Human Health and Medical Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hhme131572.

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Klimenko, A. V., S. S. Pertsov, and I. Yu Yakovenko. "CORRELATES OF THE HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND INDIVIDUALTYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMANS." In MODERN PROBLEMS IN SYSTEMIC REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. NPG Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/5-2019-confnf-39.

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"Physiological Response of Salicylic Acid on Physiological Characteristics of Orychophragmus Violaceus Seeding under Salt Stress." In 2021 International Conference on Society Science. Scholar Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001933.

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Huang, W. L., T. T. Zhou, L. Xue, J. Li, and Z. Y. Lie. "Density effect on physiological characteristics in Michelia chapensis seedlings." In 2015 International Conference on Food Hygiene, Agriculture and Animal Science. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813100374_0034.

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Korobeinikova, I. I., and Y. A. Venerina. "SPECTRAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EEG WHILE PERFORMING TESTS WITH ATTENTION SWITCHING IN TERMS OF EXOGENOUS NOISE." In MODERN PROBLEMS IN SYSTEMIC REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. NPG Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/5-2019-confnf-43.

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Reports on the topic "Physiological characteristics"

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Walker, Thomas B., Lynette Lennemann, Camilla Mauzy, Julia N. McGregor, and Michael F. Zupan. Physiological and Psychological Characteristics of Successful Combat Controller Trainees. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada530307.

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Bishop, Keith N., J. R. McClung, Stephen J. Goldberg, and Mary S. Shall. Anatomical and Physiological Characteristics of the Ferret Lateral Rectus Muscle and Abducena Nucleus. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada462756.

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Ribeiro, Jorge, Miguel Camões, José Afonso, Hugo Sarmento, Ricardo Lima, and Filipe Manuel Clemente. Methodological characteristics, physiological and physical effects and future directions for concurrent training in soccer: A scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.11.0132.

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Ribeiro, Jorge, José Afonso, Miguel Camões, Hugo Sarmento, Mário Sá, Ricardo Lima, and Filipe Manuel Clemente. Methodological characteristics, physiological and physical effects and future directions for velocity-based training in soccer: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.6.0036.

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Liao, Jianhua, Jingting Liu, Baoqing Liu, Chunyan Meng, and Peiwen Yuan. Effect of OIP5-AS1 on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of cancer patients: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0118.

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Review question / Objective: According to recent studies, long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) i.e., OPA-interacting protein 5 antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) has an important role in various carcinomas. However, its role in the cancer is contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the link between OIP5-AS1 and cancer patients' clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis to better understand OIP5-AS1's role in cancer. Condition being studied: Reported studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are considerably involved in crucial physiological events in several carcinomas, it can inhibit or promote the occurrence and development of tumors by changing the sequence and spatial structure, modulating epigenetic, regulating the expression level and interacting with binding proteins. However, the mechanism of cancer regulation via lncRNAs was incompletely understood. Hence, clarifying the application value of lncRNAs in preclinical and clinical disease diagnosis and treatment was therefore the prime objective in the field of cancer research at the time.
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Grula, M. M., and H. H. Russell. Genetic, physiological and nutritional studies on und Clostridium strains isolated and screened for characteristics useful in enhanced oil recovery, with special reference to high salt tolerance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6978413.

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Fallik, Elazar, Robert Joly, Ilan Paran, and Matthew A. Jenks. Study of the Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Factors Associated with Postharvest Water Loss in Pepper Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593392.bard.

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The fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum) commonly wilts (or shrivels) during postharvest storage due to rapid water loss, a condition that greatly reduces its shelf life and market value. The fact that pepper fruit are hollow, and thus have limited water content, only exacerbates this problem in pepper. The collaborators on this project completed research whose findings provided new insight into the genetic, physiological, and biochemical basis for water loss from the fruits of pepper (Capsicum annuum and related Capsicum species). Well-defined genetic populations of pepper were used in this study, the first being a series of backcross F₁ and segregating F₂, F₃, and F₄ populations derived from two original parents selected for having dramatic differences in fruit water loss rate (very high and very low water loss). The secondly population utilized in these studies was a collection of 50 accessions representing world diversity in both species and cultivar types. We found that an unexpectedly large amount of variation was present in both fruit wax and cutin composition in these collections. In addition, our studies revealed significant correlations between the chemical composition of both the fruit cuticular waxes and cutin monomers with fruit water loss rate. Among the most significant were that high alkane content in fruit waxes conferred low fruit water loss rates and low permeability in fruit cuticles. In contrast, high amounts of terpenoids (plus steroidal compounds) were associated with very high fruit water loss and cuticle permeability. These results are consistent with our models that the simple straight chain alkanes pack closely together in the cuticle membrane and obstruct water diffusion, whereas lipids with more complex 3-dimensional structure (such as terpenoids) do not pack so closely, and thus increase the diffusion pathways. The backcross segregating populations were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with water loss (using DART markers, Diversity Arrays Technology LTD). These studies resulted in identification of two linked QTLs on pepper’s chromosome 10. Although the exact genetic or physiological basis for these QTLs function in water loss is unknown, the genotypic contribution in studies of near-isogenic lines selected from these backcross populations reveals a strong association between certain wax compounds, the free fatty acids and iso-alkanes. There was also a lesser association between the water loss QTLs with both fruit firmness and total soluble sugars. Results of these analyses have revealed especially strong genetic linkages between fruit water loss, cuticle composition, and two QTLs on chromosome 10. These findings lead us to further speculate that genes located at or near these QTLs have a strong influence on cuticle lipids that impact water loss rate (and possibly, whether directly or indirectly, other traits like fruit firmness and sugar content). The QTL markers identified in these studies will be valuable in the breeding programs of scientists seeking to select for low water loss, long lasting fruits, of pepper, and likely the fruits of related commodities. Further work with these newly developed genetic resources should ultimately lead to the discovery of the genes controlling these fruit characteristics, allowing for the use of transgenic breeding approaches toward the improvement of fruit postharvest shelf life.
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Juvik, John A., Avri Bar Zur, and Torbert R. Rocheford. Breeding for Quality in Vegetable Maize Using Linked Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568764.bard.

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Recently, the vegetable corn industry has shifted from the use of traditional cultivars with the sugary1 (su1) endosperm mutation to newer hybrids homozygous for the shrunken2 (sh2) or sugary enhancer1 (se1) genes. With greater kernel sucrose content, these hybrids are preferred by consumers and retain sugar for longer post harvest periods, providing the industry with more time to marker products with superior quality. Commercialization has been hindered, however, by reduced field emergence, and the establishment of stands with heterogeneous uniformity and maturities. This investigation was conducted to identify key biochemical and physiological characteristics in sh2 and se1 maize kernels associated with improved emergence, and stand establishment; and in immature ears at fresh harvest maturity, properties associated with eating quality. The location of genes or QTL controlling these kernel characteristics and other traits were then mapped to specific chromosomal regions by their linkage to molecular markers using two segregating F2:3 populations. This database was used to compare the efficiency of marker-assisted selection of key alleles with phenotypic selection for trait improvement. A model designed to uncover and quantify digenic interaction was applied to the datasets to evaluate the role of epistasis in the inheritance of quantitative traits.
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Osadchyi, Viacheslav, Hanna Varina, Evgeniy Prokofiev, Iryna Serdiuk, and Svetlana Shevchenko. Use of AR/VR Technologies in the Development of Future Specialists' Stress Resistance: Experience of STEAM-Laboratory and Laboratory of Psychophysiological Research Cooperation. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4455.

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The scientific article deals with the analysis of peculiarities of the use of innovative AR/VR technologies in the process of developing future special- ists’ stress resistance. Based on the analysis of the introduction of AR/VR tech- nologies in the context of the implementation of a competency-based approach to higher education; modern studies on the impact of augmented reality on the emotional states and physiological features of a person in a stressful situation, the experience of cooperation of students and teachers at the Laboratory of Psy- chophysiological Research and STEAM-Laboratory has been described. Within the framework of the corresponding concept of cooperation, an integrative ap- proach to the process of personality’s stress resistance development has been designed and implemented. It is based on the complex combination of tradition- al psycho-diagnostic and training technologies with innovative AR/VR technol- ogies. According to the results it has been revealed that the implementation of a psycho-correction program with elements of AR technologies has promoted an increase of the level of personality’s emotional stability and stress resistance. The level of future specialists’ situational and personal anxiety has decreased; the level of insecurity, inferiority, anxiety about work, sensitivity to failures has also decreased; the level of flexibility of thinking and behavior, ability to switch from one type of activity to another one has increased; general level of person- ality’s adaptive abilities has also increased. The perspectives of further research include the analysis of the impact of AR/VR technologies on the future profes- sionals’ psychological characteristics in order to optimize the process of im- plementing a learner-centered approach into the system of higher education.
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Wideman, Jr., Robert F., Nicholas B. Anthony, Avigdor Cahaner, Alan Shlosberg, Michel Bellaiche, and William B. Roush. Integrated Approach to Evaluating Inherited Predictors of Resistance to Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) in Fast Growing Broiler Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575287.bard.

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Background PHS (pulmonary hypertension syndrome, ascites syndrome) is a serious cause of loss in the broiler industry, and is a prime example of an undesirable side effect of successful genetic development that may be deleteriously manifested by factors in the environment of growing broilers. Basically, continuous and pinpointed selection for rapid growth in broilers has led to higher oxygen demand and consequently to more frequent manifestation of an inherent potential cardiopulmonary incapability to sufficiently oxygenate the arterial blood. The multifaceted causes and modifiers of PHS make research into finding solutions to the syndrome a complex and multi threaded challenge. This research used several directions to better understand the development of PHS and to probe possible means of achieving a goal of monitoring and increasing resistance to the syndrome. Research Objectives (1) To evaluate the growth dynamics of individuals within breeding stocks and their correlation with individual susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (2) To compile data on diagnostic indices found in this work to be predictive for PHS, during exposure to experimental protocols known to trigger PHS; (3) To conduct detailed physiological evaluations of cardiopulmonary function in broilers; (4) To compile data on growth dynamics and other diagnostic indices in existing lines selected for susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (5) To integrate growth dynamics and other diagnostic data within appropriate statistical procedures to provide geneticists with predictive indices that characterize resistance or susceptibility to PHS. Revisions In the first year, the US team acquired the costly Peckode weigh platform / individual bird I.D. system that was to provide the continuous (several times each day), automated weighing of birds, for a comprehensive monitoring of growth dynamics. However, data generated were found to be inaccurate and irreproducible, so making its use implausible. Henceforth, weighing was manual, this highly labor intensive work precluding some of the original objectives of using such a strategy of growth dynamics in selection procedures involving thousands of birds. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. Healthy broilers were found to have greater oscillations in growth velocity and acceleration than PHS susceptible birds. This proved the scientific validity of our original hypothesis that such differences occur. 2. Growth rate in the first week is higher in PHS-susceptible than in PHS-resistant chicks. Artificial neural network accurately distinguished differences between the two groups based on growth patterns in this period. 3. In the US, the unilateral pulmonary occlusion technique was used in collaboration with a major broiler breeding company to create a commercial broiler line that is highly resistant to PHS induced by fast growth and low ambient temperatures. 4. In Israel, lines were obtained by genetic selection on PHS mortality after cold exposure in a dam-line population comprising of 85 sire families. The wide range of PHS incidence per family (0-50%), high heritability (about 0.6), and the results in cold challenged progeny, suggested a highly effective and relatively easy means for selection for PHS resistance 5. The best minimally-invasive diagnostic indices for prediction of PHS resistance were found to be oximetry, hematocrit values, heart rate and electrocardiographic (ECG) lead II waves. Some differences in results were found between the US and Israeli teams, probably reflecting genetic differences in the broiler strains used in the two countries. For instance the US team found the S wave amplitude to predict PHS susceptibility well, whereas the Israeli team found the P wave amplitude to be a better valid predictor. 6. Comprehensive physiological studies further increased knowledge on the development of PHS cardiopulmonary characteristics of pre-ascitic birds, pulmonary arterial wedge pressures, hypotension/kidney response, pulmonary hemodynamic responses to vasoactive mediators were all examined in depth. Implications, scientific and agricultural Substantial progress has been made in understanding the genetic and environmental factors involved in PHS, and their interaction. The two teams each successfully developed different selection programs, by surgical means and by divergent selection under cold challenge. Monitoring of the progress and success of the programs was done be using the in-depth estimations that this research engendered on the reliability and value of non-invasive predictive parameters. These findings helped corroborate the validity of practical means to improve PHT resistance by research-based programs of selection.
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