Relevant bibliographies by topics / Physiological and structural Botany

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Physiological and structural Botany'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Physiological and structural Botany"

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Gao, Si Cong, Gang Chen, Zhong Liang Fu, and Peng Xiang Liu. "A Functional-Structural Model of Virtual Plant Based on the Labeling Algorithm and the Growth State Chain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 2075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.2075.

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According to the structural characteristics of the plant itself, this paper Improved plant topology parsing classic language L-system and defined the basic unit of a reasonable scale. We combined basic growth unit, which consists of the chain of growth state, and ecological model. Applying C++ language to define L-system rules, rules for parsing, character iteration, physiological and ecological model program; combining with OpenGL graphics library for rendering three-dimensional structure of plant expression. Using classical topology of Botany Roux as experimental model simulation. We compare the simulation results and conventional classical model. At least, we prove this model is applicable.
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Kaptsov, Valery A., Vitaly N. Deynego, and Igor V. Shipilov. "Hygienic problems of interaction of artificial lighting and intercellular water (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 3 (April 8, 2022): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-3-244-248.

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The role of water and aquaporin system in artificial lighting conditions and their importance for vision and the human body as a whole is considered. The review used the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, and RSCI. The functionally necessary level of water exchange in the human eye was shown to largely depend on the efficiency of aquaporins exposed to aggressive environment. Such effects include an excessive dose of blue light, electromagnetic radiation, and excessive concentration of mercury, copper ions, and zinc ions in the human body. In the conditions of chemical pollution, excessive blue light, the violated efficiency of aquaporins leads to swelling in the functional structures of the eye, changes in their optical characteristics. So far the conditions for the development of diseases of the visual analyzer are created. The optical system of the eye is very sensitive to the geometric dimensions of the cornea, iris, lens and Muller cells. Edema of these cells is the primary causes of optical distortions of images on the retina. The positive effect of humoral regulators of aquaporin activity (vasopressin, estrogens, component of the renin-angiotensin system) on the lens transparency was shown. Aquaporin-0 plays a key role in the development of the refractive index gradient in the mammalian eye lens to prevent spherical aberration. Aquaporin system permeates all cells of the functional structures of the body. A number of researchers suggest structural disorders of water dynamics between and within cells to be the basis of many diseases. More recent data have shown that aquaporin may also be associated with tumor, proliferation and migration of tumor cells, as well as angiogenesis in solid and hematological tumors. The discovery of aquaporins, which provide rapid transport of water through the biological membranes of all living organisms (animals, plants and microorganisms) has disproved the traditional concept and was an outstanding achievement of General biology, botany, physiology, medicine and ophthalmology. Changing the properties of intercellular water in artificial lighting (and other negative factors) is a new physiological and hygienic problem.
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Ferguson, I. K., and S. C. Tucker. "Advances in Legume Systematics. Part 6. Structural Botany." Brittonia 48, no. 2 (April 1996): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807825.

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Welle, Ben J. H. Ter, I. K. Ferguson, and S. C. Tucker. "Advances in Legume Systematics. Part 6. Structural Botany." Kew Bulletin 51, no. 2 (1996): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4119345.

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Kim, Eunchul. "Light quality as a driver in adapting photosynthetic acclimation to niche partitioning." Journal of Experimental Botany 74, no. 21 (November 21, 2023): 6413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erad409.

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This article comments on: Sands E, Davies S, Puxty RJ, Verge V, Bouget F-Y, Scanlan DJ, Carre IA. 2023. Genetic and physiological responses to light quality in a deep ocean ecotype of Ostreococcus, an ecologically important photosynthetic picoeukaryote. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 6773–6789.
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Evers, Jochem B., Veronique Letort, Michael Renton, and Mengzhen Kang. "Computational botany: advancing plant science through functional–structural plant modelling." Annals of Botany 121, no. 5 (April 18, 2018): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcy050.

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Halahan, Oksana. "THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WORKING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FROM BOTANIC IN THE KREMENETS REGIONAL HUMANITARIAN-PEDAGOGICAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER TARAS SHEVCHENKO FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS." Scientific bulletin of KRHPA, no. 10 (2018): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37835/2410-2075-2018-10-12.

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This article gives the analysis of five curriculums on Botany for the last ten years that have been carried out at Kremenets Regional Humanitarian Pedagogical Academy named after Taras Shevchenko (2008 – “Botany”, 2012 – “Anatomy and Plant Morphology”, “Plant Systematics” and “Mycology”, 2016 – “Botany”). The comparison of such structural elements of the curriculum as the content, the number of lecture and laboratory work hours, the number of independent and individual work hours and the kind of control is described. The distribution of hours by sections and topics is considered. The compulsory learning outcomes are formed into groups such as the requirements for students' knowledge and skills, as well as the purpose, tasks, methodological support and recommended literature for all curriculums. It is proposed to introduce separate educational disciplines such as "Mycology" and "Theology" in the curriculum of the students-future Biology teachers.
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Marder, Michael. "Saint Hildegard’s Vegetal Psycho-Physio-Theology." Religions 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9110353.

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Besides a series of psycho-physiological correspondences between parts of the soul and physical processes, one finds in Hildegard’s corpus an entire hagiography and a theography mapped onto parts of plants in a sort of spiritual botany. The analogies mixed together with the non-analogical emanations of viriditas are complex, insofar as they involve particular species of plants or plant organs, psychic faculties, and chief actors in the Judeo-Christian theological drama.
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Khan, Haider Iqbal, Md Ayub Hossain Khan, Totan Kumar Ghosh, and MA Baset Mia. "Evaluation of pant characteristics and physiological performance of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes under salt stress." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 48, no. 1-2 (February 27, 2023): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v48i1-2.64517.

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Mungbean is a delicious popular pulse crop whose yield is hampered by biotic and abiotic factors. Salinity is considered serious abiotic stress that hinders growth and yield drastically. To find out the response features of salinity tolerance in mungbean, a series of experiments were carried out in the Department of Crop Botany of BSMRAU. The experiment was performed in the greenhouse of the Crop Botany department using nutrient solution under hydroponics conditions. Initially, fifty-two mungbean genotypes were used in the experiment to screen out a susceptible and tolerant genotype. The results indicated that salinity affected the plants at various morphological characteristics namely plant height, and dry matter of root, stem, and fruit. The genotypes were placed in four groups based on their performance in salinity. A higher quantity of proline with a lower amount of Malon-dialdehyde was observed with the increase in salinity. Chlorophyll content increased initially and after that declined sharply. The susceptible genotype resulted in a sharp decline of chlorophyll and increased proline content which reflected the 1accumulation of root and shoot dry matter, and consequently, the total dry matter content compared to that of the tolerant genotype. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 48(1-2): 97-110, June-December 2022
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Stevenson, Dennis W., and Kenneth M. Cameron. "Structural Botany in Systematics: A Symposium in Memory of William C. Dickison." Botanical Review 68, no. 4 (October 2002): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0425:sbisas]2.0.co;2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physiological and structural Botany"

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Pérez-Llorca, Marina. "Structural and physiological mechanisms underlying abiotic stress tolerance in the Mediterranean shrub Cistus albudus L." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672951.

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Mediterranean species have to be in constant acclimation to seasonal environmental changes, including variations in water availability, air temperature and solar radiation. Due to global warming, these environmental changes are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity. Shrubs have a crucial role in plant communities such as avoiding soil erosion and, therefore, the study of shrub responses to abiotic stresses is essential to predict future changes in populations. Here, we evaluated the performance of the Mediterranean shrub, Cistus albidus, under several abiotic stresses in natural and controlled conditions. It was found that C. albidus plants have to face several combinations of abiotic stressors, with drought and cold being the main environmental cues that threaten their performance during winter. As a first line of defence, C. albidus diurnally changed the angle of their most apical leaves together with a decussate leaf disposition to avoid photoinhibition. Structural mechanisms were not always effective for the whole plant, and carotenoids had a primordial role during the day, dissipating excess energy as a second line of defence. They also had an important function under sustained winter stress, but α-tocopherol was the crucial antioxidant responding to stress, as a third line of defence. Jasmonates seemed to be involved in many abiotic stress responses, including cold stress and drought. High jasmonates contents, especially those of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine, were found in natural conditions during a particularly cold day and after a winter drought event in C. albidus seedlings. Furthermore, it is shown that α-tocopherol and jasmonates have an important role in drought tolerance and survival of seedlings in natural field conditions. Even though seedlings have evolved numerous mechanisms to tolerate stress, there was a 30% decrease in survival after summer drought. It is concluded, given the variability in stress responses and the number of mechanisms to withstand abiotic stress, that C. albidus is a highly tolerant and resilient plant to abiotic stress. However, there are still tipping points that could become more frequent in the wake of global change that could cause shifts in C. albidus populations.
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Palmer, Mark J. "Physiological studies on Galium aparine L." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357831.

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Reilly, P. "Physiological and cytological aspects of fungal growth." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332695.

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1. The septal structure of C. cinereus and N. crassa was examined via fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The septa of these organisms were shown to contain two plates of chitin, not one, as had been previously believed.2. The effect of the fluorochrome Calcofluor White on chitin synthesis in vivo and in vitro was investigated. Growth of C. cinereus in media seeded with the dye caused abnormal deposition of chitin at points of growth i.e. tips, septa, hook cells and clamps. However, high concentrations of the dye were required to have an effect on the chitin content and growth rate of the mycelium. X-ray crystallography showed that chitin synthesized in the presence of the fluorochrome was less crystalline than chitin synthesized when the dye was absent. It would appear, therefore, that Calcofluor binds to nascent chitin inhibiting its crystallization into microfibrils. It was concluded that chitin synthesis is a two-step process involving polymerization and subsequent crystallization.3. A range of fungi and growth forms were probed for the presence of actin using the actin-specific fluorochrome rhodamine phalloidin. Only U. phaseoli germlings and C. albicans yeast cells appeared to contain the protein. It is suggested that the failure to visualize actin in the other organisms examined is linked to their cell wall structure which prevented penetration of the rhodamine phalloidin to sites of actin localization.4. In the light of these results, mechanisms of hyphal growth are discussed and a model for the polarity of apical extension is presented.
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Iorczeski, Edson Jair. "Physiological studies of heat tolerance in wheat." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357765.

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Dorcinvil, Ronald. "Genetic and Physiological Relationships between Oat Grain Quality Components." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27184.

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The use of oats for human consumption is increasing every day due to the health benefits of oat products. With the objective to study relationships among factors affecting oat grain quality, two Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) mapping populations (`ND030299' x `ND991151' and `ND030299' x `Souris') have been used in this study. The two populations with their parents and three check cultivars were evaluated in a square lattice design in 2008 and 2009 at two North Dakota locations. Data were recorded on the following agronomic traits: grain yield, test weight, 1000 kernel weight, thin kernels, heading date, and plant height. Chemical and grain physical analysis were performed for ?-glucan, oil, and groat percentage. A total of 4975 SNP markers were assessed on the two populations using a 32-bead chip platform developed by Illumina. QTLs for agronomic and grain physical traits were mapped and characterized in the two populations using Windows QTL Cartographer. Grain yield was positively correlated with test weight, thin kernels, plant height, ?-glucan content, and associated negatively with 1000 kernel weight. Thirty linkage groups using 1168 polymorphic markers were formed for population 05021, whereas population 05026 comprised 33 linkage groups using 1024 polymorphic markers. The 30 linkage groups of population 05021 contained from 3 to 62 markers, and varied in size from 15.8 to 225.3 cM for a total map size of 2601.7 cM. The 33 linkage groups of population 05026 comprised from 2 to 42 markers, and varied in size from 2.3 to 143.2 cM for a total map size of 1174.2 cM. Nineteen genomic regions on 14 linkage groups were significantly associated with agronomic and grain chemical traits in the population 05021. Fourteen genomic regions on 12 linkage groups were identified for agronomic traits in the population 05026. The same genomic region on LG 05021-16 was associated with thin kernels, test weight, 1000 kernel weight, and oil content. LG 05026-19 loci, from position 23.7 to 47 cM, had strong effects on heading date, plant height, and grain yield. The QTLs consistently detected across environments and between the two populations could serve as starting points for marker-assisted selection.
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Henning, Jessica. "The physiological effects of Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae on Acacia longifolia." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26657.

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Jones, Valerie. "Physiological response of turf grasses to trampling pressure." Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328049.

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Some responses of turfgrasses to trampling stress were examined using simulated trampling methods in greenhouse and laboratory studies. Subsidiary experimental field studies indicated that the laboratory results were relevant to the natural situation. Shoot yield, 002 exchange and water relation parameters were measured, concentrating on the short term response to simulated trampling. A range of turf grass species and cultivars were included so comparison of wear tolerant and wear susceptible cultivar response was possible. An electrolyte release method was developed to ascertain plant injury following simulated trampling. Differences in injury index were related to levels of wear tolerance of the species and cultivars. Shoot yield was reduced with simulated trampling in all species and cultivars tested. Decrease in shoot yield correlated significantly with increasing intensity of trampling and increased injury index. Differences in amount of shoot decrease between species and cultivars related to ratings of wear tolerance in the literature. Net photosynthesis of Lolium perenne S23 decreased significantly with simulated trampling and a slight increase in respiration was recorded. Net photosynthesis correlated with injury level. Continuous monitoring over the initial few hours after treatment revealed a sharp decline in photosynthesis rates, followed by gradual recovery. Selected cultivars had a lower shoot water content two hours after treatment, the higher the intensity of simulated trampling the lower was the water content. SEM studies indicated disruption of epicuticular wax, therefore reducing cuticular resistance to water loss. Transpiration rates were reduced with simulated trampling and calculations showed a reduced hydraulic conductivity. These findings were related to relevant observations of response of plants to other stresses, particularly wind. A model is presented suggesting how observed and hypothetical responses, both short term and long term, may contribute to the survival or death of grass following trampling.
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Rojoa, N. Z. "Re-classification of the tribe Psoraleae using morphological and physiological characters." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26645.

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Matsoukas, Ioannis G. "Genetic and physiological analysis of juvenility in plants." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4539/.

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One of the distinguishable plant developmental events is the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase (RP) of development. This stage is preceded by the juvenile to adult transition within the vegetative phase. During the juvenile vegetative phase (JVP) plants are incompetent to initiate reproductive development and are effectively insensitive to photoperiod. With the change to the adult vegetative phase (AVP), plants attain competence to respond to floral inducers, which is required for the transition to the RP. This study exploits Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis as model systems to understand the genetic and environmental factors that regulate floral incompetence during the JVP. Determinants such as irradiance and [CO2] were found to be key modifiers of the JVP. A relationship between photosynthetic assimilate levels and vegetative phase transition was revealed by analysis of carbohydrates in plants at defined developmental stages. Experimental data suggest that carbohydrate levels may be required to reach a specific threshold before plants undergo the transition from a juvenile to an adult phase of vegetative growth. This may be necessary in order to sustain a steady supply of sugars for sufficient bulk flow from the leaves to the shoot apical meristem (SAM), via the phloem, to enable delivery of florigen, which thus renders the SAM competent to flower. Determination of the JVP in Arabidopsis mutants impaired in different genetic pathways has shown that multiple inputs influence the timing of the vegetative phase transition. Carbohydrates have been demonstrated to be involved possibly through their function as nutrients or signals or by their interaction with hormones. Physiological analysis of flowering time mutants has shown that a variety of signals act to promote and enable the juvenile to adult phase transition that involves both floral activators and repressors.
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Kenny, Lahcen. "Physiological studies on the propagation of Atriplex spp for saline conditions." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357358.

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Books on the topic "Physiological and structural Botany"

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International Meeting on Plant Mitochondria : Structural, Functional, and Physiological Aspects (2nd 1986 Aberystwyth, Wales). Plant mitochondria: Structural, functional, and physiological aspects. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Agbandje-McKenna, Mavis, and McKenna Robert. Structural virology. Cambridge: RSC Publishing, 2011.

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Catravas, John D. Vascular Endothelium: Physiological Basis of Clinical Problems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991.

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Wah, Chiu, Burnett Roger M, and Garcea Robert L, eds. Structural biology of viruses. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Larcher, W. Physiological plant ecology. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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1937-, Politzer Peter, and Martin F. J, eds. Chemical carcinogens: Activation mechanisms, structural and electronic factors, and reactivity. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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Lincoln, Phelps. Familiar lectures on botany, practical, elementary and physiological: With an appendix, containing descriptions of the plants of the United States and exotics ... 5th ed. Hartford: F.J. Huntington, 1985.

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Botany: Structural and Physiological. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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Henfrey, Arthur. Outlines of Structural and Physiological Botany. HardPress, 2020.

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Cox, Ross. Study of Structural, Morphological and Physiological Botany. Low Price Publications,India, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physiological and structural Botany"

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Tajidin, Nor Elliza, Munirah Mohamad, Azimah Hamidon, Hamizah Hassan, and Siti H. Ahmad. "Physiological disorders." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 214–22. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0011.

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Abstract Guavas are highly perishable fruits where the production and postharvest quality of guava are affected by micronutrient deficiencies that can lead to physiological disorders. Environmental variables such as temperature, light, aeration and nutritional imbalances can also result in a disturbance in the plant metabolic activities and cause physiological disorders. It is crucial to understand several technical terms which identify the physiological and nutritional disorder symptoms, especially on guava fruit; for example, bronzing, chlorosis, lesion, scorching and others. This chapter discusses primary physiological disorders, including chilling injury, external and internal browning, sunscald, bronzing, fruit drop and nutrient deficiency.
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Tajidin, Nor E., Mohamad Munirah, Nur I. A. Shukor, and Siti H. Ahmad. "Physiological disorders." In The papaya: botany, production and uses, 180–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241907.0180.

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Shivashankara, K. S., and G. A. Geetha. "Physiological disorders." In The pomegranate: botany, production and uses, 344–56. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789240764.0344.

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Ramesh, Shunmugiah Veluchamy, Kukkehalli Balachandra Hebbar, Ravi Bhat, Periasamy Subramanian, P. Abhin Sukumar, Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian, and Steve W. Adkins. "Physiological and Nutritional Disorders of Coconut." In Botany, Production and Uses, 83–98. GB: CABI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249736.0006.

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Pérez-López, Usue, Amaia Mena-Petite, and Alberto Muñoz-Ruedaa. "Interaction Between Salinity and Elevated CO2: A Physiological Approach." In Progress in Botany, 97–126. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22746-2_4.

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Grams, Thorsten E. E., and Christian P. Andersen. "Competition for Resources in Trees: Physiological Versus Morphological Plasticity." In Progress in Botany, 356–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36832-8_16.

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Ogle, Kiona, and Jarrett J. Barber. "Bayesian Data—Model Integration in Plant Physiological and Ecosystem Ecology." In Progress in Botany, 281–311. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72954-9_12.

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Horn, Renate, Rod Snowdon, and Barbara Kusterer. "Structural Genome Analysis Using Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques." In Progress in Botany, 55–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56276-1_2.

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Hartung, Wolfram, and Hartmut Gimmler. "A Stress Physiological Role for Abscisic Acid (ABA) in Lower Plants." In Progress in Botany, 157–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78568-9_9.

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Corpas, Francisco J. "Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) in Plants Under Physiological and Adverse Environmental Conditions: Current View." In Progress in Botany, 97–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/124_2016_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Physiological and structural Botany"

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Tahmassebi, Amirhessam, Behshad Mohebali, Philip Philip Solimine, Uwe Meyer-Baese, Katja Pinker, and Anke Meyer-Baese. "Model reduction of structural biological networks by cycle removal." In Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology XVI, edited by Brian M. Cullum, Eric S. McLamore, and Douglas Kiehl. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2519552.

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Appelle, A. "Integration of wearable and ambient sensors towards characterization of physical effort." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902455-39.

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Abstract. Human performance monitoring in complex operational environments calls for sensing solutions that measure human physiology as well as human interactions with their surroundings. Recent advances in multimodal sensing have led to the development of intelligent environments that analyze human activities with high granularity. One of the greatest challenges is to unify multiple discrete sensing systems through synchronization and integration of multimodal data streams. This paper describes an intelligent environment that consolidates wearable skin-strain sensors for physiological monitoring; geophones and microphones to record ambient vibrations and sounds; and video cameras to visually observe human activities. We show proof-of-concept functionality by using the system to differentiate walking effort in human subjects. First, the work shows the alignment of wearable and ambient sensor time-history records. Then, data features are extracted and correlated to walking speed using three sensor modalities. Finally, feature-level analysis is done to associate the data features with the perceived walking exertion for each subject.
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Lima, Frederico A., Christopher J. Milne, Mercedes Hannelore Rittmann-Frank, Renske M. van der Veen, Marco Reinhard, Thomas Penfold, Maurizio Benfatto, and Majed Chergui. "X-ray Absorption Studies of the Photo-induced Structural Changes of Myoglobin in Physiological." In International Conference on Ultrafast Structural Dynamics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/icusd.2012.iw2d.6.

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Çeliktaş, Veli, Sema Düzenli, and Hande Otu. "Physiological Effects of Five Herbicides on Wheat Cultivars." In The World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/awspt16.113.

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Sacks, Michael S. "Tissue-Level Structural Constitutive Models." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1925.

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Abstract A fundamental goal in constitutive modeling is the ability to predict the mechanical behavior of a material under a generalized loading state. To achieve this goal, rigorous experimentation involving all relevant deformations is necessary to obtain both the form and material constants of a strain-energy density function. For both natural biological tissues and tissue-derived soft biomaterials, there exist many physiological, surgical, and medical device applications where rigorous constitutive models are required. Although able to fit the biaxial data well, phenomenological models cannot be used to determine the underlying mechanisms of tissue mechanical behavior. In particular, the respective roles of the fibers and the matrix and how these may change with growth or chemical treatments are unknown. Structurally based constitutive models avoid ambiguities in material characterization and offer insights into the function, structure, and mechanics of tissue components. In the present work a structural constitutive model for the aortic valve is presented as an example of a structural approach. Ongoing issues in practically applying structural models to other tissues are also addressed.
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ZHAO, YAFEI, JIAMING CHEN, and NING XI. "IMPROVING HUMAN BALANCE WITH WEARABLE DEVICES." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/36967.

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This study investigates the use of an optical-based balance sensor and a musclemimetic wearable robot to evaluate and improve balance in elderly people with various health conditions. We analyzed data from 149 subjects to extract critical temporal and frequential features related to balance, such as center of pressure (CoP), center of gravity (CoG), and theta angles, to categorize them into five distinct levels (i.e., levels 0,1,2,3, and 4). A correlation analysis between balance sensor features and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscle maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) confirmed our hypothesis that subjects with stronger GL muscles maintained better balance. Hence, we developed a wearable muscle-mimetic robot to compensate for the weakened GL muscle. The GL muscle-mimetic ankle robot, which mimics muscle mechanical properties and uses human intrinsic physiological signals for control, simultaneously relaxes and contracts with the GL muscle to enhance postural stability and balance. Furthermore, testing the wearable robot with the balance sensor demonstrated promising results in enhancing balance, as evidenced by the decreased variance of CoP when the robot was worn. Our findings suggest that the optical-based balance sensor and muscle-mimetic wearable robot provide an effective approach for assessing and improving balance in elderly individuals, with potential implications for reducing fall risk and improving postural stability in aging populations.
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Xiao, Hongjian, Ling Li, and Danilo P. Mandic. "ClassA Entropy for the Analysis of Structural Complexity of Physiological Signals." In ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096270.

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PIERCE, TAYLOR, YUN-AN LIN, and KENNETH J. LOH. "WIRELESS GAIT AND RESPIRATION MONITORING USING NANOCOMPOSITE SENSORS." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/36963.

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The measurement of posture, loading conditions, and physiological parameters during physical activity is key in human performance monitoring and assessment. Of particular interest in this study is the monitoring of these parameters during high intensity activities associated with firefighting. The objective is to capture various walking cycles using nanocomposite pressure sensors built into the backpack-type harnesses of a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) unit. It was hypothesized that the sensor’s high stability, linearity, and sensitivity would allow this sensor to be used for human posture and activity monitoring. First, nanocomposite sensors were prepared by integrating piezoresistive graphene nanosheet thin films between elastomer layers. Two sensors were then integrated with the SCBA harnesses and mounted at symmetric locations to capture gait and respiration cycles. Second, a small, portable, wireless data acquisition unit was developed to non-intrusively monitor up to eight sensors and wirelessly transmit the data for external data storage and analysis. This sensing node included analog signal conditioning circuits alongside an ARM based microprocessor for analog to digital conversion, signal processing, and wireless transmission. Third, human participant tests were performed while wearing these harnesses. The participants performed various low intensity walking and respiratory cycles. The results confirmed that the wireless sensing unit was able to reliably acquire sensor measurements, while the sensing streams also exhibited unique features indicative of different activities and postures.
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Redžepović, Izudin, and Boris Furtula. "ASSESSING STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY OF COMPOUNDS WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE: COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SIMILARITY METRICS." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac,, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.446r.

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The idea of quantifying similarity between compounds may be traced back to the roots of contemporary chemoinformatics. At present, there is a number of coefficients that are used as similarity metrics. Many of them are defined as to measure coherence among two structural fingerprints, and usually yield similarity results between 0 and 1. However, there are indices that capture dissimilarity between molecular structures. This paper reports results on a comparative investigation of the several similarity coefficients on a set of compounds with the physiological responses. These molecules induce diverse body sensations that range from pleasant feelings up to euphoria and analgesia. Some of them are well-known drugs. In order to quantify molecular structure, Morgan circular fingerprints have been applied, which are frequently used in similarity calculations. This statistical analysis reveals which indices tend to produce higher structural similarity results and opposite.
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Fan, Rong, and Michael S. Sacks. "Implementation and Validation of Planar Soft Tissue Structural Constitutive Model." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14809.

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Constitutive modeling is of fundamental important for numerical simulation and analysis of soft biological tissues. The mechanical behaviors of soft tissues are usually highly nonlinear and anisotropic. The complex behavior is the results from the interaction of tissue microstructure. By incorporating information of fiber orientation and distribution at tissue microscopic scale, the structural model avoids ambiguities in material characterization. Moreover, structural models produce much more information than just simple stress-strain results, but can provide much insight into how soft tissues internally reorganize to external loads by adjusting their internal microstructure. Moreover, it is only through simulation of an entire organ system can such information be derived and provide insight into physiological function. However, accurate implementation and rigorous validation of these models remains very limited. In the present study we implemented a structural constitutive model into a commercial finite element package. The structural model was verified against experiential test data for native bovine pericardium and fetal membrane. In addition to prediction of the mechanical response, we demonstrate how a structural model can provide deeper insights into fiber reorientation and fiber recruitment.
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Reports on the topic "Physiological and structural Botany"

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Awenowicz, Patrick W. The Role of Dopamine in Normal Rodent Motor Cortex: Physiological Effects and Structural Correlates. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012099.

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Shahak, Yosepha, and Donald R. Ort. Physiological Bases for Impaired Photosynthetic Performance of Chilling-Sensitive Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575278.bard.

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Chilling-sensitivity is an important agricultural problem in both the U.S. and Israel. Most research attention has focused so far on herbaceous crop plants, even though the problem is also acute in the fruit tree industry. Under BARD funding we made substantial progress in identifying the mechanisms involved in the disruption of photosynthesis following a chill in mango. Our investigation with fruit trees has been substantially accelerated by drawing on our knowledge and experience with herbaceous crops. The four original research objectives, focused or discovering the underlying mechanisms of chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in fruit trees, and the main achievements are listed below. [1] Separating stomatal from non-stomatal components of chilling on photosynthesis in fruit trees. We found evidence that the dark chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in mango was E combination of both stomatal and mesophyll components. [2] Differentiating photo damage from light-induced photo protection of photosystem II (PSII). Dark chilling exacerbate high light photoinhibition, as a result of primary inhibition in the carbor reduction cycle. Nevertheless, in Israeli orchards we observed chronic photoinhibition of PSII photochemistry in the winter. This photo damage was reversible over a few days if sunlight was attenuated with filters or night temperature rose. Practical implications of this finding deserve further investment. Additional achievement was the development of a new biophysical tool to study macro-structural changes of LHCII particles in intact, attached leaves. [3] Determine the role of oxidative stress in the dark-chilling-induced inhibition, with emphasis on oxygen radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and redox-controlled carbon-cycle enzymes. We found an increase in lipid peroxidation following a dark chill, and partial protective effects or an antioxidant. However, the photoinhibition observed in mango orchards in Israel during the winter did not appear to be a general oxidative stress. [4] Investigate whether chilling interferes with the diurnal and circadian rhythm of gene expression of key photosynthetic proteins as has been shown for chilling-sensitive crop plants. The results indicated that most of the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis was due to reduced lea: internal CO2 concentrations during the subjective night, as a result of rhythmic stomatal closure Chilling-induced interference with circadian timing in mango, does not play the central role in chilling inhibition of photosynthesis that has previously been demonstrated in certain chilling sensitive herbaceous plants. Practical implications of the research achievements are feasible, but require few more years of research.
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Slaughter-Acey, Jaime, Kathryn Behrens, Amy M. Claussen, Timothy Usset, Carrie Neerland, Sameerah Bilal-Roby, Huda Bashir, et al. Social and Structural Determinants of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: An Evidence Map. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer264.

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Objective. The purpose was to review available evidence of risk factors associated with maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States during the prenatal and postpartum periods to inform a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: Identifying Risks and Interventions to Optimize Postpartum Health, held November 29–December 1, 2022. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, and the Social Sciences Citation Index through November 2022. Review methods. We searched for observational studies examining exposures related to social and structural determinants of health and at least one health or healthcare-related outcome for pregnant and birthing people. We extracted basic study information and grouped studies by social and structural determinants of health domains and maternal outcomes. We prioritized studies according to study design and rigor of analytic approaches to address selection bias based on the ROBINS-E. We summarize all included studies and provide additional descriptions of direction of association between potential risk exposures and outcomes. Results. We identified 8,378 unique references, with 118 included studies reporting social and structural determinants of health associated with maternal health outcomes. Studies covered risk factors broadly, including identity and discrimination, socioeconomic, violence, trauma, psychological stress, structural/institutional, rural/urban, environment, comorbidities, hospital, and healthcare use factors. However, the risk factors we identified represent only a subset of potential social and structural determinants of interest. We found an unexpectedly large volume of research on violence and trauma relative to other potential exposures of interest for pregnant people. Outcome domains included maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, cardio/metabolic disorders, weathering (the physiological effect of premature aging caused by chronic stressful experiences), depression, other mental health or substance use disorders, and cost/healthcare use outcomes. Depression/other mental health outcomes represented a large proportion of medical outcomes captured. Risk of bias was high, and rarely did studies report the excess risk attributable to a specific exposure. Conclusions. Identifying risk factors pregnant and birthing people face is vitally important. Limited depth and quality of available research within each social and structural determinant of health impeded our ability to outline specific pathways, including risk factor interdependence. While more recently published literature showed a trend toward increased rigor, future research can emphasize techniques that estimate the causal impacts of risk factors. Improved reporting in studies, along with organized and curated catalogues of maternal health exposures and their presumed mechanisms, would make it easier to examine exposures in the future. In the longer term, the field could be advanced by datasets designed to more fully capture the data required to robustly examine racism and other social and structural determinants of health, in combination with their intersections and feedback loops with other biologic/medical risk factors.
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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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Hochman, Ayala, Thomas Nash III, and Pamela Padgett. Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of the Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants, Ozone and Gas-phase Nitric Acid, on Plants and Lichens for their Use as Early Warning Biomonitors of these Air Pollutants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697115.bard.

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Introduction. Ozone and related oxidants are regarded as the most important phytotoxic air pollutant in many parts of the western world. A previously unrecognized component of smog, nitric acid, may have even greater deleterious effects on plants either by itself or by augmenting ozone injury. The effects of ozone on plants are well characterized with respect to structural and physiological changes, but very little is known about the biochemical changes in plants and lichens exposed to ozone and/or HNO3. Objectives.To compare and contrast the responses of crop plants and lichens to dry deposition of HNO3 and O3., separately, and combined in order to assess our working hypothesis that lichens respond to air pollution faster than plants. Lichens are most suitable for use as biomonitors because they offer a live-organism-based system that does not require maintenance and can be attached to any site, without the need for man-made technical support systems. Original Immediate aims To expose the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and the ozone sensitive red kidney bean (Phaseolusvulgaris) and the lichen Ramalinamenziesii to controlled HNO3 and O3 fumigations and combined and to follow the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes, with special reference to reactive oxygen species related parameters. Revised. Due to technical problems and time limitations we studied the lichen Ramalinamenziesii and two cultivar of tobacco: Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and a resistant cultivar, which were exposed to HNO3 and O3 alone (not combined). Methodology. Plants and lichens were exposed in fumigation experiments to HNO3 and O3, in constantly stirred tank reactors and the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes were analyzed. Results. Lichens. Exposure of Ramalinamenziesiito HNO3 resulted in cell membrane damage that was evident by 14 days and continues to worsen by 28 days. Chlorophyll, photosynthesis and respiration all declined significantly in HNO3 treatments, with the toxic effects increasing with dosage. In contrast, O3 fumigations of R. menziesii showed no significant negative effects with no differences in the above response variables between high, moderate and low levels of fumigations. There was a gradual decrease in catalase activity with increased levels of HNO3. The activity of glutathione reductase dropped to 20% in thalli exposed to low HNO3 but increased with its increase. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increase by 20% with low levels of the pollutants but decreased with its increase. Tobacco. After 3 weeks of exposure of the sensitive tobacco cultivar to ozone there were visible symptoms of toxicity, but no danmage was evident in the tolerant cultivar. Neither cultivar showed any visible symptoms after exposure to HNO3.In tobacco fumigated with O3, there was a significant decrease in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance at high levels of the pollutant, while changes in mesophyll conductance were not significant. However, under HNO3 fumigation there was a significant increase in mesophyll conductance at low and high HNO3 levels while changes in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance were not significant. We could not detect any activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the fumigated tobacco leaves. This is in spite of the fact that we were able to assay the enzymes in tobacco leaves grown in Israel. Conclusions. This project generated novel data, and potentially applicable to agriculture, on the differential response of lichens and tobacco to HNO3 and O3 pollutants. However, due to experimental problems and time limitation discussed in the body of the report, our data do not justify yet application for a full, 4-year grant. We hope that in the future we shall conduct more experiments related to our objectives, which will serve as a basis for a larger scale project to explore the possibility of using lichens and/or plants for biomonitoring of ozone and nitric acid air pollution.
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Abbott, Albert G., Doron Holland, Douglas Bielenberg, and Gregory Reighard. Structural and Functional Genomic Approaches for Marking and Identifying Genes that Control Chilling Requirement in Apricot and Peach Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591742.bard.

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Structural and functional genomic approaches for marking and identifying genes that control chilling requirement in apricot and peach trees. Specific aims: 1) Identify and characterize the genetic nature of chilling requirement for flowering and dormancy break of vegetative shoots in Prunusgermplasm through the utilization of existing apricot (NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (Clemson University) genetic mapping populations; 2) Use molecular genetic mapping techniques to identify markers flanking genomic regions controlling chilling; 3) Comparatively map the regions controlling chilling requirement in apricot and peach and locate important genomic regions influencing chilling requirement on the Prunus functional genomic database as an initial step for identification of candidate genes; 4) Develop from the functional genomics database a set of markers facilitating the development of cultivars with optimized chilling requirements for improved and sustained fruit production in warm-winter environments. Dormant apricot (prunus armeniaca L.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees require sustained exposure to low, near freezing, temperatures before vigorous floral and vegetative bud break is possible after the resumption of warm temperatures in the spring. The duration of chilling required (the chilling requirement, CR) is determined by the climatic adaptation of the particular cultivar, thus limiting its geographic distribution. This limitation is particularly evident when attempting to introduce superior cultivars to regions with very warm winter temperatures, such as Israel and the coastal southern United States. The physiological mechanism of CR is not understood and although breeding programs deliberately manipulate CR in apricot and peach crosses, robust closely associated markers to the trait are currently not available. We used segregating populations of apricot (100 Fl individuals, NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (378 F2 individuals, Clemson University) to discover several discreet genomic loci that regulate CR and blooming date. We used the extensive genomic/genetic resources available for Prunus to successfully combine our apricot and peach genetic data and identify five QTL with strong effects that are conserved between species as well as several QTL that are unique to each species. We have identified markers in the key major QTL regions for testing in breeding programs which we are carrying out currently; we have identified an initial set of candidate genes using the peach physical/transcriptome map and whole peach genome sequences and we are testing these currently to identify key target genes for manipulation in breeding programs. Our collaborative work to date has demonstrated the following: 1) CR in peach and apricot is predominantly controlled by a limited number ofQTL loci, seven detected in a peach F2 derived map comprising 65% of the character and 12 in an apricot Fl map comprising 71.6% and 55.6% of the trait in the Perfection and A. 1740 parental maps, respectively and that peach and apricot appear in our initial maps to share five genomic intervals containing potentially common QTL. 2) Application of common anchor markers of the Prunus/peach, physical/genetic map resources has allowed us not only to identify the shared intervals but also to have immediately available some putative candidate gene information from these intervals, the EVG region on LG1 in peach the TALY 1 region in apricot on LG2 in peach; and several others involved in vernalization pathways (LGI and LG7). 3) Mapped BACcontigs are easily defined from the complete physical map resources in peach through the common SSR markers that anchor our CR maps in the two species, 4) Sequences of BACs in these regions can be easily mined for additional polymorphic markers to use in MAS applications.
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Meidan, Rina, Jorge Flores, Keith Inskeep, and David Wolfenson. Controlling the bovine ovarian cycle by disrupting the endothelin system in corpora lutea and follicles with novel approaches: RNA interference (RNAi) and intra-luteal Atrigel implants. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695594.bard.

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In summary intensive studies carried out this year in both the US and Israel had established the methodology necessary for the achievement of the specific aims of the original proposal. Two complementary approaches to effectively neutralize the luteal ET- system were developed. In light of recent publications indicating that ET-2 might also have a physiological role in ovulation, the objectives of the original proposal have even more significant. Not only were the technologies to neutralize the luteal endothelin system developed in these studies, but additional important implications about the role of ET-1 were revealed. For example, direct early inhibitory effects of PGF2α were unmasked. It is possible that these early direct inhibitory effects could be related to functional aspects of luteal regression, while the effects observed after 12 hours of the PGF2α injection and that reversed by the ET receptor antagonist, could coincide with structural aspects of regression. Nevertheless, overall, the results clearly indicate that serum progesterone concentrations can effectively be elevated by the receptor antagonist which of great practical importance.
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Sisler, Edward C., Raphael Goren, and Akiva Apelbaum. Controlling Ethylene Responses in Horticultural Crops at the Receptor Level. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580668.bard.

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Ethylene is a plant hormone that controls many plant responses, such as growth, senescence, ripening, abscission and seed germination. Recently, 1-methy- cyclopropene (1-MCP), was shown to bind to ethylene receptor for a certain period of time and prevent ethylene action. The objectives of this research were to synthesize analogues of 1-MCP and test their potency to block the ethylene receptor and inhibit ethylene action. During the course of this project, procedures for synthesis and shipment of the cyclopropene compounds were developed as well assay procedures for each compound were worked out. Thirteen new compounds were synthesized. All of them are structural analogues of 1-MCP, with substitution in the 1-position and a side chain containing 2 to 10 carbons. After preliminary studies, nine promising compounds were selected for in-depth study. The potency of the compounds to inhibit ethylene action was tested on a wide scope of systems like: climacteric fruits (banana, avocado and tomato), the triple response (etiolated peas), and leaf abscission (citrus). As the putative inhibitors are suspected to compete for the site of binding and a competitive type of inhibition could be considered, a high concentration of ethylene (300 m1.L-1) was used to induce ripening and other physiological processes. The tests were conducted under extreme conditions which hasten ripening like treatment and storage at 22 to 25oC. There were fluctuations in the responses as related to the concentrations of the inhibitors. Some required much higher concentration to exert the same effect, while some, when applied at the same concentration, blocked the receptor for a longer period of time than the others. Some fruits and other plant organs responded differently to the same inhibitor, indicating differences in characteristics and availability of the ethylene receptors in the various tissues. The potency of the putative inhibitors was found to be greatly affected by their molecular structural and size. In addition, it was found that treatment with the inhibitor should be given before the onset of ethylene action In the case of fruit, treatment should be carried out before the pre-climacteric stage. Simultaneous treatment with ethylene and the inhibitors reduced the inhibitors' effect. The relationship between ethylene and the inhibitors is of a non-competitive nature. All the fruits treated with the putative inhibitors resumed normal ripening after recovery from the inhibition. This fact is of great importance when considering the inhibitors for practical use. The advantage of using inhibitors of ethylene action over inhibitors of ethylene production lies in the ability of the inhibitors of ethylene action to protect the tissue against both endogenous and exogenous ethylene, thus providing better overall protection. Our findings indicate that 1-MCP and its structural analogues are potent inhibitors of ethylene action capable of providing good protection against endogenous and exogenous ethylene. The fact that the compounds are in a gas phase and are non-phytotoxic, odorless and effective at minute concentrations, renders them promising candidates for commercial use. However, the development of water-soluble inhibitors will expand the potential use of the inhibitors in agriculture.
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