Academic literature on the topic 'Physiochemical investigation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Physiochemical investigation"
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Gupta, Dipak Kumar, Dal Bahadur Bhandari, Prabhat Kumar Chaudhary, and Amar Prasad Yadav. "Physiochemical and Microbiological Investigation of Surface and Ground Water Contaminants of Bhojpur Municipality." Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal 13, no. 1 (June 28, 2023): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dristikon.v13i1.56044.
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Water is an essential resource for life evolution. 75% of the whole earth is covered by water. The water sources that flow through the social periphery represent the development and awareness of that society. This paper focuses on investigating contaminants of different water sources within Bhojpur Municipality. The six different water samples, based on their different latitudes, were collected following all the guidelines. The physiochemical parameters and microbiological organisms like E. Coli were tested and analyzed. The results revealed that the physiochemical parameters were mostly found to be within the guideline and standardization of the World Health Organization (WHO), but in the Silichung water sample, the number of bacteria was found to be out of the WHO limit. Physiochemical parameters like total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), and chloride content were not found under the guideline of WHO. The dissolved oxygen (DO) content was found more in the water sample of Bahundhara, whereas Bhandari well sample had a low amount of DO among the other samples. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) level in Sera Khola sample was found more, while Silichung sample had a low amount of BOD, indicating Sera Khola water sample is a bit more polluted than others. On microbiological testing, the Silichung water sample was tested with Providencia spp, indicating not useful for drinking purposes. Thus, it reveals that the Silichung water should not take directly, which is rich in Providencia spp. Other physiochemical parameters of other samples were found to be within the range of WHO.
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Ismail, N. I. N., H. Awang, N. Z. Mohd Yunus, and S. Saleh. "Physiochemical characterization of lateritic bauxite mining soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 971, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/971/1/012029.
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Abstract Physiochemical characteristics play a significant role in evaluating the engineering behaviour of soil material and its suitability for foundation. Investigation upon the physical and chemical characteristics of lateritic bauxite soils were done on samples collected from three exmining bauxite sites (Bukit Goh, Semambu and Indera Mahkota) in Kuantan District, Pahang, Malaysia. The presence of chemical element was evaluated based on the elemental mineral composition content identified through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The results revealed that Semambu lateritic bauxite soil has the highest content of alumina (Al2O3), 25.54%. The alumina content enrichment is one of the effects from the laterization of bauxite process. In addition, the physical testing included are moisture content, specific gravity and Atterberg Limit. Further investigation on the physical properties of the soil has found that Semambu has the highest MC, 33.27%, but at the same time PI is less than 12%. This is as a key indicator that lateritic bauxite is prone to surface erosion and unsuitable for construction purposes in its natural condition. The risk of the surface erosion and settlement of the ground causes it requires stabilizer that can rapid the curing time. Additionally, the high moisture content is likely to have higher chance to experience liquefaction and causes foundation problem to future infrastructures that may be built in the studied area.
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S, Sreeremya, and Rajiv P. "PHYSIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PRETREATED BIOMEDICAL WASTES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.21027.
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Objectives: The main objective of the research is to pretreat the Category III biomedical waste using Bacillus flexus and to assess the physiochemical properties of pretreated biomedical waste.Methods: Major pretreatment methods such as physical (P), chemical (C), biological (using B. flexus) (B), physical and chemical, and physical, chemical, and biological method (PCB) were adopted for this investigation. The nutritional status was analyzed before and after the pretreatment. The physiochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, bulk density, cellulose content, and carbohydrate content were assessed.Results: There was a significant difference between before and after the pretreatments of physiochemical properties. By treating, the biomedical waste with B. flexus has produced a drastic change in the cellulose level. By the assessment of each parameter before and after the pretreatment, the percentage of cellulose levels was found to be 35-40 in PCB method.Conclusions: Hence, the study concludes that the pretreated biomedical waste contains suitable physiochemical properties, which may be used as a substrate for the production of vermicompost.
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Atom, Tijjani Inusa, Muhammad Hassan, and Mohammed Maina. "The Physiochemical Investigation of Groundwater around Jere, North-eastern Nigeria." International Journal of Applied Physics 7, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23500301/ijap-v7i3p113.
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Atom, Tijjani Inusa, Muhammad Hassan, and Mohammed Maina. "The Physiochemical Investigation of Groundwater around Jere, North-eastern Nigeria." International Journal of Applied Physics 7, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23500301/ijap-v7i3p113.
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Bridjesh, Pappula, Pitchaipillai Periyasamy, and Narayanan Kannaiyan Geetha. "Influence of Chemical Composite Additive on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine using Waste Plastic Oil as Fuel and Modified Piston Bowl." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 2806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340617.
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This experimental investigation is an endeavour to substitute diesel with WPO as fuel on a diesel engine. Enhancing the physiochemical properties of WPO or with hardware modifications on the engine, the performance of engine could not be improved up to the mark. The physiochemical properties of WPO are enhanced by the use of composite additive, which is a mixture of soy lecithin and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and to improve the in-cylinder air motion; subsequently to increase the swirl and turbulence, standard hemispherical combustion chamber is modified to toroidal spherical grooves combustion chamber. The results of combined effect of modifying the combustion chamber and addition of composite additive suggest that improvements in engine-out emissions can be obtained from current diesel engines by enhancing physiochemical properties of fuel and matching geometry of combustion chamber. Engine combustion and emission characteristics under various loads for various fuels under test are as well studied.
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Abrar, Shazia, Kazim Raza Naqvi, Sadia Javed, Shumaila Kiran, Imtiaz Qaiser, Tahsin Gulzar, and Qamar Abbas. "Investigation of the Physiochemical Properties of Beauty Soaps Available in Pakistan." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 57, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.110675.
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Anvari, Sanam, Hamidreza Hajfarajollah, Babak Mokhtarani, and Kambiz Akbari Noghabi. "Physiochemical and thermodynamic characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactant secreted by Bacillus tequilensis HK01." RSC Advances 5, no. 111 (2015): 91836–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17275f.
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Chaubey, Neelesh, and Priyanka S. Jain. "Preliminary Physiochemical and Phytochemical Profile of Leonotis nepetaefolia." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 07 (July 22, 2023): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i07.014.
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Herbal medicine has many active constituents for many diseases but the proper knowledge must be necessary for the preparationof herbal formulation otherwise active constituents will be damaged. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) is recognized to be native to tropical Africa and southern India. In South Africa and the West Indies it is known as klip dagga, lion’s ear, Christmas, and candlesticks. Roots of the plant have been used in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis, fever, and poisoning whereas seeds are recognized in treating burns, and the whole plant is used for menstrual pains. Present investigation includes examination of morphological and microscopic characters; ash value, extractive values and phytochemical evaluations of various root extract. The purpose of research work to generated information of the standardization parameters of selected plant which helps in herbal formulations, a profound knowledge of the important herbs found in India and widely used in Ayurvedic formulation is of utmost importance.
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Y., Olotu, Ibrahim R, Eboreimen L., Eriakha C.E, and Gimba I.N. "Investigation of Physiochemical Properties of Groundwater at Estako-West, Edo-North, Nigeria." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijee.c1826.051322.
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The physicochemical parameters of groundwater at Auchi and South-Ibie were investigated to determine underground water quality in this environment. Water sampled locations in Auchi were categorized as Iyekhei (Iyekhei), Auchi Poly Water (Auchi PW), Auchi Poly Hostel (Auchi PH), Double Delight Hostel (DDH); South-Ibie locations are Levis Gas Plant (LGP), Pastoral Centre (PC), Global Castle Hostel Sawmill Road (GCHS), Arsenal Hostel and, Lagos Street (AHLS). A total number of 80 water samples from eight locations were collected and analyzed using some statistical metrics to determine the relationship among measured parameters. The pH of water samples ranged from 1.4 at GCHS to 4.12 at AHLS. The result indicated that all the investigated water samples have low pH values with a high alkalinity level. Total dissolved solids (TDS) of 300mg/L, 400mg/L, and 500mg/L were obtained from the water samples at Iyekhei, Auchi PH, and DDH. These values are within the allowable World Health Organization (WHO) standard. However, the chloride level for all locations was very high except for Iyekhei, with a value of 115 mg/L, which is accepted within the WHO requirement of 250 mg/L. Conductivity values of four sampled water locations; namely, Auchi PH, DDH, PC, and GCHS, are within the allowable limit. High conductivity values of 304 sm/cm, 116.7sm/cm, and 845 sm/cm were obtained for LGP, Auchi PW, Iyekhei, respectively. All the water sampled locations' results indicated that none of the sampled water is within the WHO required standard of 20oC to 23oC. The statistical metrics showed a strong relationship between the conductivity and chloride concentration with R2=0.7174; this may be related to some dissolved conductive ions in the water sampleThe research study's output is imperative to understand the relationship between different groundwater parameters to develop and good groundwater quality.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physiochemical investigation"
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Saha, Binoy Chandra. "Host guest inclusion complexes and thermodynamic properties of some imperative molecules with the manifestation of diverse interections by physiochemical investigation." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2020. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/3966.
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Ordou, Niloofar. "Investigation of Physiochemical Properties of Size-resolved Biomass Burning/Local Wildfire Aerosols." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/410471.
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Overall, particulate matter (PM) and household air pollution are at the root of 2.9 million deaths annually. One of the sources of particulate matter is biomass burning (BB) smoke. These particles can be formed by natural fires, prescribe agriculture fires, and as a result of burning fuel for cooking and heating houses. BB smoke particles can have various health effect and environmental impacts depending on a number of factors. Altering ozone refraction, they can act as cloud condensation nuclei. Health risks associated with these particle have been studied for long. Pulmonary, heart, carcinogen (especially due to compounds like Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH).
First and foremost, the nature of the fuel has a direct impact on the composition of the particulate matter and gaseous particles formed as the combustion products. Woody, Grass, or leafy fuels have been found to be composed of different compounds with different mass fractions. For example, cellulose content in wood is higher than other types of biomass fuel. As a results, it is logical to seek similar compound ending up in the particulate matter. The scale and intensity of the fire is the other influential factor. Although the effect of natural wildfire (bushfire) smoke particles would not be as direct and immediate as those evolving from the fuel burnt in household uses, long term effect of exposure to these particles spreading within the atmosphere month and even years after the fire has happened should not be overlooked. Besides, in very close vicinities to the fires, in fresh smoke less than minutes old, there always exist high number of finer particles which are health-wise of more concern compared to larger particle (as these finer particles penetrate into lower parts of the respiratory system through diffusion). Weather conditions, like elevation, wind speed, humidity, and sunlight are also influential factors in the formation of these particles. The other crucial factor is the phase of burning, i.e. Ignition, flaming, mixed state, and smouldering. Numerous studies have investigated the effect of these conditions on the size distribution, number concentration and physiochemical properties of smoke particles.
PM properties of BB smoke have been investigated all around the globe for different biomass types and different burning conditions. Black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) content of the PM are the most documented investigated items as they contributes to the high mass percentage of the PM. Other ubiquitous PM components include anhydrosugars, alcohols, PAHs, acids, water soluble ions, and trace elements. Gaseous particles resulted from BB carry with them sulphur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile and semi volatile organic compounds. Each of these compounds and materials are known to have serious health and climate impacts.
Numerous studies have used different devices and technologies to investigate the effect of fuel type and amount, and phase of burning and operational mode on different properties of fresh and aged smokes in case of small scale controlled or laboratory burns, massive natural wildfires, or air-forced cook stove gasifiers.
In Australia, despite contributing to more than 7% of biomass burning emissions annually, there are quite a few exhaustive studies on the properties of bushfire particles. The importance of research redoubles considering the mega-fires taking place in Australia 2019-2020 which ravaged an estimate of 19 million hectares. This study is aimed to make a contribution in filling this gap and finding novel ideas in order to investigate different factors influencing Australian local vegetation fires which could potentially effect the environment and human health. Three journal articles are published based on this study, parts of which are used in different sections throughout this report. Citations are made in the beginning of the main relevant chapters. Abstract summaries are presented briefly here: First paper: Under controlled laboratory settings and small scale fires of vegetation collected from Toohey forest, it was found that leaves classification burn with flaming dominant phases producing intense black smoke which is consisted of larger particles as opposed to more smouldering-dominant burning of the branch and grass classifications releasing white smoke emissions which contain finer particles. Elemental analysis detected nine main elements in all three classifications and in three size fractions of smoke particulate matter samples (from 14.1μm to below 2.5μm). Potassium, a biomarker, was the most prevalent element among the samples followed by sulphur. Less abundant elements were found to be Na, Al, Mg, Zn, Si, Ca, and Fe.
Second paper: Particle size distribution in biomass smoke was observed for different burning phases, including flaming and smouldering, during the combustion of nine common South Queensland Australian vegetation representatives. Smoke particles generated during smouldering phase of combustions were found to be coarser as compared to flaming aerosols for all hard species. In contrast, for leafy species this trend was inversed. In addition, the combustion process was investigated over the entire duration of burning by acquiring every second data for all nine species. Particles were separately characterised in two categories: fine particles (diameter below 200nm), and course particles with the diameter larger than 200nm. It was found that fine particles contribute to more than 90 percent of the total fresh smoke particles for all investigated species.
Third paper: smoke samples were collected during prescribed fire burns conducted between May 2018 and August 2019across different regions in Toohey forest, Queensland, Australia. Particle size/mass distribution as well as size-segregated elemental content were measured and the results were compared against the values obtained from the combustion of similar vegetation mixture under controlled laboratory settings. It was found that the concentration levels of coarse particles (sizes above 1 μm) were higher during field burn events, whereas the contributions of PM1 (smaller than 1 μm) was higher in case of laboratory burns. Following elemental analysis of different size classes of smoke particles (<0.96μm, 0.96-2.5μm, and >2.5μm) confirmed the presence of eight elements in both laboratory and field cases (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Al, Fe, S), however, levels of Ca, Mg, Al, and S were noticeably higher in prescribed fire results. Observed discrepancies between field and laboratory data could be attributed to the effect of top soil and duff layers present in prescribed fires/natural wildfires and absence thereof in the laboratory burns, which reveals the influential role of the aforementioned layers on the overall air quality status across bushfires-affected areas.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Niven, Robert A. J. "Physiochemical investigation of CO₂ accelerated concrete curing as a greenhouse gas mitigation technology." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99193.
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There is an emerging demand for natural and engineered CO2 sinks to combat the effects of global warming. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) processes are expected to play a predominant role within a broad portfolio of technical innovations to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A range of CCS methods will be required to provide GHG control technologies for the broad scope of industrial sectors. Within this class of technologies carbon dioxide accelerated concrete curing has the global potential to permanently and safely sequester up to 550 Mt CO2/yr while producing non-reinforced concrete products with improved physical properties and in less time than traditionally cured products. Previous research has exhibited shallow CO 2 penetration depth and modest CO2 uptake in grout and concrete samples despite using severe process conditions such as high pressures, temperatures and long experimental durations. Chemical and microstructural changes during carbonation were investigated to clarify the previously unexplained limitations in CO2 uptake and provide solutions to enhance CO2 storage. Loss of exposed particle surface area was identified as the most significant factor limiting complete carbonation of cement grout samples. The findings were applied to design a bench scale, flow-through carbonation curing reactor that sequestered CO2 at an average of 8.3 wt % of the cured cement with complete depth of penetration. The sequestration results were achieved with ambient temperature (20°C), 40% relative humidity, atmospheric pressure (1 atm), as-captured flue gas CO2 partial pressure (0.20) and low flow (1 Lpm) in less than 60 minutes.
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Kumar, Dipika. "An investigation into the effect of physiochemical synthesis parameters on the synthesis of alkaline-free ZSM-5 and Silicalite-1." Thesis, Brunel University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316517.
Full textBooks on the topic "Physiochemical investigation"
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Leksophee, Thongdee. Investigation into the modification of the physiochemical properties of wool/mohair fabrics. Manchester: UMIST, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Physiochemical investigation"
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Kumavat, Hemraj R., and Rohan V. Kumavat. "Experimental Investigation of Physiochemical Properties of Cement Mortar Incorporating Clay Brick Waste Powder: Recyclable Sustainable Material." In Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 1–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7525-9_65-1.
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Kumavat, Hemraj R., and Rohan V. Kumavat. "Experimental Investigation of Physiochemical Properties of Cement Mortar Incorporating Clay Brick Waste Powder: Recyclable Sustainable Material." In Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 1449–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4230-2_65.
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Zakaria, Hadef, and Kamli Kenza. "Adhesion Phenomenon of Liquid Metals." In Liquid Metals. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97419.
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In this chapter, we study an interfacial phenomenon between liquid metals and ceramic substrates. Therefore, investigation of these phenomena is of great importance not only in technological applications but also in fundamental understanding of physical behavior of the adhesion between two different materials as far as their electrical structures and physiochemical properties are concerned. Moreover, adhesion energy is interpreted thermodynamically by the interfacial interactions and the nature of bonding between liquid metal and ceramic material. The adhesion energy in metal/ceramic systems is determined by using an electro-acoustical model based on the propagation of the acoustic wave in the interface and strongly depends on the electric properties of combination.
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Perumal, Dharshini, Nur Farahah Mohd Khairuddin, Jie Hui Wong, and Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah. "Plant Extract-Based Silver Nanoparticles and Their Bioactiviy Investigations." In Diversity and Applications of New Age Nanoparticles, 88–111. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7358-0.ch004.
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Green synthesised nanoparticles are a new source of inspiration for clinical research, as this method uses natural materials, such as plant-derived materials, for synthesis. Green nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts is simple, inexpensive, chemicals, resulting in biologically active shape- and size-dependent products with no contaminants or byproducts. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unique physiochemical properties and promising biological applications. To assess AgNPs' functionality, they must be characterized. Natural compounds found in plant extracts reduce and stabilise AgNPs. Green synthesis is more environmentally friendly than conventional methods, but many questions remain. To understand the plant-mediated process, many studies are needed. This proposed book chapter examines the synthesis, characterization, and bio activities of green-synthesised AgNPs. The goal is to provide an overview of green AgNP synthesis and their bioactivity assessment.
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Santhakumar, Abishek B., and Indu Singh. "Antioxidants as Functional Foods in Metabolic Syndrome." In Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 374–87. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7039-4.ch016.
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In the recent years, there has been a great deal of attention in investigating the disease preventive properties of functional foods. Particularly, impact of the antioxidant property of functional foods in reducing the risk or progression of chronic diseases has gained considerable interest amongst researchers and practitioners. Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species are generated in the body by exposure to a number of physiochemical or pathological mechanisms. It is imperative to preserve a balance between the levels of free radicals and antioxidants for routine physiological function, a disparity of which would accelerate oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress and associated consequences in metabolic disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes has warranted the need for exogenous antioxidant concentrates derived from natural foods to alleviate the adverse effects. This chapter provides an overview on the efficacy of functional foods in reducing free radical-mediated damage in metabolic syndrome.
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Santhakumar, Abishek B., and Indu Singh. "Antioxidants as Functional Foods in Metabolic Syndrome." In Examining the Development, Regulation, and Consumption of Functional Foods, 149–65. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0607-2.ch007.
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In the recent years, there has been a great deal of attention in investigating the disease preventive properties of functional foods. Particularly, impact of the antioxidant property of functional foods in reducing the risk or progression of chronic diseases has gained considerable interest amongst researchers and practitioners. Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species are generated in the body by exposure to a number of physiochemical or pathological mechanisms. It is imperative to preserve a balance between the levels of free radicals and antioxidants for routine physiological function, a disparity of which would accelerate oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress and associated consequences in metabolic disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes has warranted the need for exogenous antioxidant concentrates derived from natural foods to alleviate the adverse effects. This chapter provides an overview on the efficacy of functional foods in reducing free radical-mediated damage in metabolic syndrome.
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Williams, Karl, Ala Khodier, and Peter Bentley. "PAHs, PCBs and Environmental Contamination in Char Products." In Biochar - Productive Technologies, Properties and Applications. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106424.
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Biochar can have unique benefits to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Investigations of biochar effectiveness within these environments often come from homogenous feedstocks, such as plant biomass, which have simple thermochemical processing methods and produce physically and chemically stable biochar. Current methods to increase biochar production include the addition of oil-derived products such as plastics, which produces a more heterogenous feedstock. This feedstock is similar to materials from waste recycling streams. The adoption of more heterogenous feedstocks produces additional challenges to biochar production and use. This can result in pollution contained within the feedstock being transferred to the biochar or the creation of pollutants during the processing. With the current climate emergency, it is essential to eliminate environmental contamination arising from biochar production. It is critical to understand the physiochemical composition of biochar, where detailed analysis of contaminants is often overlooked. Contamination is common from heterogenous feedstocks but on commercial scales, even homogeneous biochar will contain organic pollutants. This chapter investigates biochar produced from various waste feedstocks and the challenges faced in thermochemical processing. Using Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) as an example of a heterogeneous feedstock, the levels of contamination are explored. Potential solutions are reviewed while assessing the environmental and economic benefits of using biochar from mixed sources.
Conference papers on the topic "Physiochemical investigation"
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Hoffmann, Anna, and David Borrok. "EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE BRINE-SHALE INTERACTIONS." In Joint 55th Annual North-Central / 55th Annual South-Central Section Meeting - 2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021nc-362764.
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Jomeh, Sina, and Mina Hoorfar. "Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Geometric and Physiochemical Parameters on Biomolecule Capture Efficiency." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30531.
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This paper presents and compares three different designs including open channel, circular pillar and screen-plate microreactors for capturing and detection of biomolecules in a buffer liquid. In general, these capturing/detection devices consist of a flow cell containing one or several reactive surfaces loaded with ligand molecules. The critical issue in the design of an efficient device is the proximity of the biomolecules to the ligands in the capturing stage since the latter is immobilized on the reactive surface and the former is freely moving in the flow. The flow pattern and the geometry of the device are the key factors in this regard. The presented designs are numerically modeled and compared in terms of capture efficiency. Immersed biomolecules are assumed to behave like a continuum medium. The Navier-Stokes and advection-diffusion equations are solved in two dimensions and the concentration profile is found after a certain sampling period. The chemical reaction between the ligand and the biomolecule is included in the model through solving the first order kinetic equation at the boundaries. The average surface concentrations of the adsorbed molecules are plotted and compared for all the geometries to determine the most efficient one. Considering the performance, ease of fabrication, and detection, the screen plates are found to be the best option for the purpose of biomolecule removal. The effects of the change in the geometric parameters (e.g., the flow path width in the microchannels) and physicochemical parameters (e.g., the diffusion constant, ligand surface density, and forward and backward reaction rates) involved in the problem on the adsorbed concentration are thoroughly inspected and the corresponding results are plotted.
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Aldoss, Taha. "Latent Solar Thermal Storage Systems: Packed Beds With Spherical Phase Change Capsules of Different Physiochemical Properties." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18142.
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A latent thermal storage system LTSS of spherical PCM capsules packed bed is considered in this investigation. Such a LTSS is considered to be one of the most practical systems for the purpose. It is compact, easy to construct and maintain, with very good storage characteristics. Physiochemical properties of PCM and the capsules size are the two most effective properties of the storage system. Number of researchers investigated the performance of such systems under different designs and operating conditions. In this work a LTSS system is constructed with PCM capsules of different sizes and of different PCM properties. The capsules are packed with different capsules sizes and varying PCM properties along the bed to match the temperature profile best. The performance of the LTSS as described is investigated numerically and presented in terms of the bed temperature profiles function of location and charging time. The effectiveness of the storage system is presented in terms of time evolution of the liquid fraction of the PCM and in terms of the percentage of the energy storage in the PCM. The first represent the degree of utilization of the PCM and the later shows the effectiveness of the heat transfer and storage process of the LTSS for different system designs. The results as above are compared with the reference cases of uniform arrangements with uniform and constant PCM properties along the bed.
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Bari, S., and Idris Saad. "Experimental Investigation of Adding Vanes Into the Air Intake Runner of a Diesel Engine Run on Biodiesel to Improve the Air-Fuel Mixing." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51900.
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Diesel engine can be run with renewable biodiesel which has the potential to supplement the receding supply of crude oil. Use of biodiesel in diesel engines can also reduce harmful emissions of CO, unburned HC and particulates. As biodiesel possess similar physiochemical properties to diesel, most diesel engines can be run with biodiesel with minimum modifications. However, the viscosity and calorific values of biodiesel are higher and lower, respectively than diesel which will affect the performance of diesel engine run with biodiesel. Use of 100% biodiesel in diesel engines shows inferior performance of having lower power and torque. Guide vanes into the intake runner to improve the in-cylinder airflow characteristic to break down higher viscous biodiesel is the aim of this research. This is expected to improve the air-fuel mixing resulting better combustion. The experimental results of biodiesel run in a diesel-gen set showed that break specific fuel consumption reduced in between 0.90 and 1.77% with vane numbers of 3 to 5. In regards to emissions, CO reduced in the range 0.05 and 8.78%, CO2 reduced in the range of 0.82 and 1.75%, and HC in the range of 1.19 and 7.49% with vane numbers of 3 to 5. Interestingly, most improvements were found with the vane numbers of 4.
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Swearingen, Jerry, and Yani Araujo De Itriago. "Advanced Analytical Tools for Fingerprinting, Production Allocation, & Improved/Enhanced Oil Recovery Monitoring." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210060-ms.
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Abstract Demands are being placed on service companies to provide non-evasive analytical solutions that measure the contribution of individual hydrocarbon streams in a commingled system. This often involves being able to differentiate fluids which have similar compositions. An advanced analytical workflow has been developed which includes chromatographic techniques along with a suite of stable isotope ratio analyses that look at unique Natural Tracers/Markers in individual hydrocarbon or brine streams. This paper will look at how the Natural Tracer methodology can be applied to fingerprinting, production allocation and IOR/EOR projects. A variety of laboratory-based techniques were used to evaluate end member fluids, commingled fluids, and various synthetic blends. Gaseous streams were analyzed using compound specific stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry systems (CS-IRMS) looking at carbon and hydrogen isotopes of the carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, etc. present. Aqueous streams were analyzed using a combination of conventional physiochemical (complete water) and water oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope analysis. Liquid hydrocarbon systems were assessed using conventional high-resolution gas chromatography and 2-dimentional gas chromatography (GCxGC). Analysis of the data includes simple plots to visualize differences between fluid sources and a linear regression analysis to look at the mixing relationships between synthetic blends and commingled field samples. The advanced analytical workflow allowed for the allocation determination of hydrocarbon systems with both similar and contrasting compositions. The GCxGC method, for hydrocarbon liquids, allows for a higher resolution separation where a single peak using conventional gas chromatography can be composed of multiple types of compounds. In this instance the conventional GC and GCxGC yielded comparable allocation results. For gas phase allocation, using carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ2H) of methane and ethane yielded linear mixing relationships in the two-production systems that were analyzed. Allocation values were successfully calculated for these binary systems with an outlying datapoint resulting in the client initiating an investigation to confirm flow meter readings. For an IOR/EOR application, the δ13C of methane show sufficient contrast between injected and produced gases that were sampled from a variety of wells. In this instance the gas molar compositions were similar so the only means to identify injection gas breakthrough in producing wells was by the CS-IRMS analysis technique. Complete physiochemical and water isotope ratio (δ18O and δ2H) analysis also show contrasting signatures between injection and produced water. An advanced analytic workflow was developed to incorporate commercially available, non-evasive techniques to production allocation and IOR/EOR projects. For production allocation, this technique will not replace traditional metering but can be used as a tool to identify problems with the metering/monitoring systems in the field.
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Sui, P. C., N. Djilali, and Qianpu Wang. "A Pore Scale Model for the Transport Phenomena in the Catalyst Layer of a PEM Fuel Cell." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52152.
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In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the catalyst layer is a porous medium made of carbon-supported catalysts and solid electrolyte, and has a thickness in the order of 10 μm. Within this layer, complex transport phenomena take place: transport of charged species (H+, electrons and ionic radicals), non-charged species (gaseous H2O, O2, H2, N2 and liquid water) and heat transfer occur in their own pathways. Furthermore, phase change of water and physiochemical/electrochemical reactions also take place on phase boundaries. These transport process take place in an intertwined network of materials having characteristic length scale ranging from nano-meters to micro-meters. The objective of the present study is two-fold, i.e., to develop a rigorous theoretical framework based on which the transport in the micro-structural level can be modelled, and to construct a pore scale model that resolves the geometry of the phases (carbon, ionomer and gas pores) for which direct numerical simulation can be performed. The theoretical framework is developed by employing the volume-averaging techniques for multi-phase porous media. The complete set of the conservation equations for all species in all phases are derived and every interfacial transport is accounted. The problem of model closure on the terms in the transport equations is addressed by the pore-scale model reported in the present study. A 3-D pore-scale model is constructed by a solid model that consists of packing spherical carbon particles and simulated ionomer coating on these carbon aggregates. The index system of the pore-scale model allows easy identification of volumetric pathway, interfaces and triple phase boundaries. The transport of charged and non-charged species is simulated by solving the equations based on first principle in the entire representative element volume (REV) domain. The computational domain contains typically several million cells and a parallelized, iterative solver, GMRES, is employed to solve the coupled transport with complex geometries. Computational results based on the pore-scale model show that the effective transport properties of the species are strongly affected by the micro-structure, e.g. morphology and phase-connectivity. Further simulations and investigation on the coupling effects of the transport are underway. Combination of the proposed theoretical framework and pore-scale model will lay a foundation for the construction of multi-scale modelling of the PEMFC catalyst layer. On the one hand, the pore-scale model helps close the macroscopic volume-averaged equations in the framework. On the other hand, the pore-scale model provides a platform to include microscopic or atomistic simulations.
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Al-Shamary, Noora. "Assessment of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants along the Qatari Coast." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0036.
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Qatar sits in the middle of the world’s most important hydrocarbon producing areas where significant regional refining activity and shipping traffic take place. In addition to significant local coastline, development prominently along the eastern coast, has taken place over recent decades. Protecting Qatar’s marine ecosystems from the adverse effects of environmental contaminants is a core component of the Environmental Development pillar within the National Vision 2030. However, a limited number of studies have investigated contaminant concentrations in the coastal environment of Qatar. The accumulation of contaminants in aquatic environments can affect coastal and marine ecosystems, and cause adverse effect on marine organisms and human health. This study aims to determine contamination in Qatar’s coastal environment by measuring organic and inorganic contaminants, along with physiochemical parameters, at four sites located on the contrasting east and west coast of the country. The Pearl Oyster Pinctada radiata, which is considered an iconic organism in Qatar, was used to determine a baseline of contaminants in an aquatic organism. Surface seawater, surface sediment and oysters were collected four times over two years in different seasons from the four sites. In-situ parameters (temperature, pH, and salinity), and abiotic parameters (TOC and grain sizes) were measured for seawater and sediment. Organic (TPHs, PAHs) and inorganic contaminants (trace metals including: Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn, T-Hg) were measured in all samples. Overall, Al Wakra (higher in boat traffic and fueling activities) on the east coast reported the highest levels of contaminants. High PAHs were observed in oyster tissues, while high Pb was noted in seawater and high Zn was observed in sediment and oyster. Benzo (a) pyrene was the highest compound detected in oyster. However, high TPHs were also noted in oyster tissues from Simaisma. At Al Khor, also on the east coast, high level of TPHs were recorded in seawater, while high PAHs and TOC observed in surface sediment, which had a relatively higher clay and silt content than other sites. Umm Bab (with a desalination plant near the coast), the sole sample site on the west coast, showed the highest level of TOC in seawater and sediment, highest Ni in seawater and highest total mercury in oyster. Our results, in general, report lower levels in seawater and sediment compared to other studies in the region and more widely; however, in oysters most of the contaminants are higher when compared to international guideline values. These higher levels indicate the potential for these filter-feeding organisms to absorb contaminants into their tissues from the environment that surrounds them. Additionally, bioaccumulation can occur. This study provides background information for further investigation to understand the presence and distribution of organic and inorganic contaminants in Qatar’s rapidly changing coastal environment. It indicates the usefulness of applying a holistic view to environmental monitoring including the use of biomonitoring.
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Thakur, S., T. Andritsch, P. L. Lewin, A. V. Shaw, and O. Cwikowski. "Investigating the Physiochemical Effects of Aging Silicone Oil Using Sonication as a means of Mimicking Electrical Aging." In 2020 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp49254.2020.9437562.
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Salverson, Lynsey A. M., Nader Saniei, Mel Mendelson, and Michelle Lum. "An Engineering Approach Investigating the Uptake and Phytotoxicity of One Type of Engineered Nanoparticle (CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots) by Solanum Lycopersicum." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14032.
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The novel and extraordinary physiochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is certain, yet, at the same time, their unique characteristics raise growing concerns regarding potentially adverse effects on biological and ecological systems. It is becoming increasingly evident, that before the full potential of nanotechnology can be realized, standardized characterization of ENPs behavior, fate, and their effects in the ecosystem are essential, to ensure the safe manufacturing and use of ENP products. Otherwise, the promise of such extraordinary advancements may find itself limited to applications such as electronics, and sporting equipments, industries in which it currently resides. The current toxicity profile of engineered nanomaterials is not only preliminary, but highly variable amongst researchers. Emphasizing the great need to develop a highly organized, efficient, and precise approach to assess the hazardous potential ENPs may pose, and address the safety concerns surrounding and limiting nanotechnology. In response to such concerns, the present study took an engineering approach, in an otherwise traditionally viewed discipline, to assess the potential impact of engineered nanoparticles on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings, by implementing a full factorial design of experiment (FDOE) in an effort to identify what factors, and their interactions, have a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on root and shoot elongation, and if any observed effects are a result of particle uptake, evaluated via fluorescence microscopy imaging. Therefore, the goal of our study was to design and implement an efficient, effective, and precise method to assess the effect of one type of ENP, water-soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, using Solanum lycopersicum as our model organism, one of 10 species recommended by the Unites States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for use in phytotoxicity studies, via a methodology we believe novel to nanotechnology. By implementing factorial experimental design methodologies, not only are we efficiently identifying the factors that affect phytotoxicity, we are providing, for the first time to our knowledge, the first scientific data to report the significant interaction effects between the factors responsible for ENP toxicity. Water soluble (MUA) CdSe/ZnS quantum dots used in our study had a negative influence on root and shoot lengths of tomato seeds exposed for 3 and 6 days. The observed influence depended on (MUA) CdSe/ZnS concentration and QD exposure time. The importance of the factor effects were examined via analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-tests, confidence intervals, and normal plot statistical analyses. The findings concluded that factors B, C, and the BC-interaction (CdSe/ZnS: Exposure time, concentration, and exposure time–concentration interaction) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings. Thus, factors A, AB, AC, and ABC (CdSe/ZnS QD: Size, size–concentration, size-exposure time, and size-concentration-exposure time interactions) were not found to have a significant effect on root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings, and ultimately eliminated from our model. After analyzing the interaction plots, it became evident that low percentages of root reduction are obtained at low concentration levels for short lengths of time; thus, to obtain the least amount of phytotoxic effects one would set factors B (concentration) and C (exposure time) to their low levels, 125 mg/L for 3 days, respectively. Alternatively, high percentages of root reduction are obtained at high concentration levels for long lengths of time; thus, to obtain the greatest phytotoxic effect one would set factors B and C to their high levels, 1000 mg/L for 6 days, respectively. This indicates that as exposure time increases, root reduction increases; thus, phytotoxicity increases. Since our study attempted to realize which factors minimize phytotoxicity effects of one type of ENP, these findings suggest that to minimize phytotoxicity effects (i.e. maximize root length or minimize percent of root reduction) of (MUA) CdSe/ZnS QDs on tomato seeds, set factors B and C (QD concentration and exposure time) to their low levels; that is, expose tomato seeds to 125 mg/L of QD solution for a maximum of 3 days. These settings will yield the least amount of root reduction (5.15%) and; thus, phytotoxicity effects will be minimized. With regard to tomato roots ability to uptake MUA QDs, our results contribute to the literature by reporting uptake possible. Although we did see particles inside the root, it was sporadic and difficult to quantify. As to whether it was intracellular (within the cell) or intercellular (in the spaces between the cells, i.e., outside the cells) we could not conclude with certainty, although we suspect the QDs were intercellular. Thus, we highly recommend future experiments involving cross sections and more in-depth microscopy imaging. Additionally, although the results of our experiment failed to support that particle size (t = 2.13; d.f. = 1; p = 0.065) or the particle size-exposure time interaction (t = 2.17; d.f. = 1; p = 0.062) had a significant effect on root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings, due to the small p-value associated with both test statistics, it is our belief that particle size and the particle size-exposure time interaction may, in fact, be a real effect; thus, further investigation is recommended.
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Morgenstern, Rico, Soujatya Mukherjee, Aron Behr, and Mohsen Rafiee. "Numerical Analysis of Condensate Blockage and its Mitigation by a Wettability Altering Nanofluid Treatment." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212609-ms.
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Abstract During field development planning, the condensate blockage phenomena often receives minor attention leading to overestimation of the gas well deliverability. This study addresses the numerical analysis of both the risk potential of condensate blockage and the complex physiochemical processes of nanofluid treatment for two very different gas condensate fields. Producing gas condensate reservoirs below the dew point results in condensate dropout and liquid holdup, which usually impairs the gas flow significantly. Wintershall Dea is currently investigating the feasibility of a nanofluid huff’n’puff treatment which aims to alter the wettability in the near-wellbore area, so that both water and condensate are repelled by the rock surface. For accurate representation of condensate blockage, Generalized Pseudo Pressure (GPP) along with local grid refinements (LGRs) were incorporated in the compositional model as well as high-velocity effects and a detailed post hydraulic fracture environment. The limitations of commercial simulation software in representing the nanofluid treatment in the dynamic reservoir model were overcome by combining the implementation of new hydrocarbon components, the surfactant model, tracers, chemical reactions, and special-purpose Python scripts. The buildup and spatial distribution of the condensate in and around the well and the fracture was analyzed. The two key parameters influencing the severeness of condensate blockage comprise the composition of the reservoir fluid and the effective permeability of the gas phase, which are particularly influenced by multiphase flow behavior, formation and/or fracture damage, high-velocity flow effects, and subsurface equipment like gravel packs. In both reservoirs studied, wells were identified that will most likely experience significant productivity impairments due to condensate blockage, some already a few months after the start of production and some in the next few years. The transport of the active nanofluid chemical was implemented by two different approaches: for one it was carried by a solvent system, and for the other it was dispersed as droplets in gas. Both approaches mainly differ in the depth of penetration and the propagation of the nanofluid as well as in the operational effort and the longevity of the wettability alteration. The nanofluid treatment cases demonstrated promising preliminary results with an increase in gas productivity index up to 30%. The removal of condensate blockage using a novel wettability altering nanofluid formulation was initially conceptualized and subsequently analyzed for vertical wells and hydraulic fractures using numerical simulation. For the first time, a comparison between the injection of the active nanofluid within either a gas or solvent carrier was evaluated. The risk of condensate blockage and a potential treatment were analyzed for real case scenarios including promising business viability.