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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physical risk'
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1
Rusnak, I. T. "Cardiovascular risk factors. Physical activity." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19579.
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Lin, Shu-chiang 1967. "Physical risk analysis of ship grounding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50520.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-85).
The first part of this thesis presents an analysis on the factors contributing to groundings when ships transit in and out of ports. The study has been part of a three-year project on "Ship Transit Risk". By verifying the grounding location database generated during the first two years of the project against the United States Coast Guard's grounding accident data, an updated database was established in this research. Within the frame of this new database, two factors were analyzed-tide and time of day. The results suggest that tide forecast error (predicted tide water level minus observed tide water level) had no significant effect as a risk factor, and that night navigation was far more risky than day navigation. The second part of this thesis presents a complementary point of view for risk analysis human factors. Many papers indicate that human beings are the most significant factors contributing to groundings. Nevertheless, few or no historical data sets recorded the information required for human factors analysis. Hence this part focuses mostly on literature review, introduces briefly the concept of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, and some maritime regulations and final rules of OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). OSHA contributes to much research in human factors, yet few maritime related papers pay attention to it. Thus, we suggest that for further research on human factors, the collaboration of OSHA and maritime related research organizations such as USCG is necessary. The cooperative research would greatly contribute to the success of a risk model for groundings that may be also applied to other accident analysis. In addition, the exploration of a risk model for groundings may have a positive effect on the ISM code and OSHA's final rules in the future.
by Shu-chiang Lin.
S.M.
3
Peters, Tricia. "Physical activity and breast cancer risk." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608507.
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Lovasi, Gina Schellenbaum. "Neighborhood walkability, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10859.
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Llewellyn, David J. "The psychology of physical risk taking behaviour." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21203.
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This study investigates the psychology of risk taking, and in particular the personality profiles associated with different physical risk taking behaviours. It was hypothesised that there may be three fundamental approaches to risk: 'Risk avoiders' avoid activities they perceive to contain risk, 'risk reducers' participate in high risk activities in spite of the risks involved, and 'risk optimisers' who are motivated by the exposure to risk. An appropriate measure of subjective risk assessments was not identified in the existing literature, and the 27-item Physical Risk Assessment Inventory (PRAI) psychometric measure was therefore developed. After initial piloting the PRAI was administered to 407 subjects. Subsequent analyses revealed that two oblique factors accounted for much of the variance in physical risk assessments, and these were initially identified as "Sports" and "Health" factors. A wide ranging test battery (including the EPQ-R and selected scales of the ZKPQ) was th en administered to 113 subjects, and further analyses suggested that high risk sports and health risk behaviours were associated with independent psychological profiles. Health risk behaviours were associated with an "Antisocial" factor that was identified by high social and physical risk propensity, Sensation Seeking and Psychoticism. The participation in high risk sports loaded on a second "Venturesomeness" factor that was associated with high confidence, physical risk propensity, Sensation Seeking, peer behaviours and being male. A third "Physical Risk Assessment" factor was associated with high physical risk assessments, being female, and low Addiction scores. Multiple regression analyses suggested that 38% of health risk behaviours, and 60% of sports risk behaviours could be predicted by the variables included in this study. Convergent qualitative data provides additional support for the validity of thes fore appears to be limited to the role of Sensation Seeking and physical risk optimisation.
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Menezes, Ravi. "Physical activity and risk of renal cell carcinoma." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ53351.pdf.
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Jebsen, Johan Jarl, and Vassilis Constantine Papakonstantinou. "Evaluation of the physical risk of ship grounding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10312.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 236-239).
by Johan Jarl Jebsen and Vassilis Constantine Papakonstantinou.
M.S.
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Podewils, Laura Jean. "Physical activity and dementia risk a prospective study /." Available to US Hopkins community, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3080747.
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Hall, Courtney D. "Fall Risk." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/560.
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Annerbäck, Eva-Maria. "Child Physical Abuse : Characteristics, Prevalence, Health and Risk‐taking." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-67222.
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The home is supposed to provide support and safety for children but can also be the place where children suffer abuse and other adverse treatment by their parents. Violence against children in homes has been banned in Sweden for more than 30 years but it is still a considerable problem in the society and a threat to public health. The overall aim of this thesis was to create comprehensive knowledge of the phenomenon Child Physical Abuse (CPA) in Sweden after the ban on corporal punishment. The focus has been on examining the characteristics of cases reported to the police as well as self-reported CPA, prevalence of CPA and finally associations between CPA and health-problems/risk-taking behaviors among adolescents. Two samples are used in this thesis. The first comprises cases reported to the police during 11 years (n=142) in a Swedish police-district and the second is a population-based youth survey of the total number of pupils in three different school grades (13, 15 and 17 years old) in Södermanland County, Sweden. Cases of severe abuse constituted 14 % of the total number of cases reported to the police. The main difference between the group of severe cases and the remaining was the higher occurrence of convictions in court in the severe cases and the pattern of reporting to the police. The severe cases were reported by agencies to a greater degree than minor cases. Cases of severe abuse were characterized by an accumulation of risk factors in different areas as perpetrator factors, stress- and strain factors, factors of insufficient social network and finally child-related factors. In the cross-sectional study a prevalence of 15 % was found for self-reported CPA (n=8 494). There were associations between risk factors in different areas and abuse and there was a dos-response relationship between risks and reported abuse. It was shown that children who reported parental intimate-partner violence were at considerably higher risk for CPA than other children and that only 7 % of the children exposed to violence had disclosed this to authorities. The study of associations between health and risk-taking behaviors, were performed among the 15 and 17 years old pupils (n=5 933). Associations with health-problems and risk-taking behaviors were shown and the associations became stronger when the pupils reported repeated abuse. Finally there was a cumulative effect of multiple abuse in the form of being exposed to child physical abuse plus other types of abuse (parental intimate partner violence, bullying and being forced to engage in sexual acts) and the associations increased with the number of concurrent abuse.
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De, Marco Matteo. "Cognitive and physical stimulation, genetic risk and cognitive decline." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3379/.
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Toukola, T. (Tomi). "Physical exercise and sudden cardiac death:characteristics and risk factors." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526220413.
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Abstract Physical activity with regular physical exercise (PE) has long been advocated because it lowers morbidity and mortality. However, there have been concerns about a transiently increased risk of adverse cardiac events such as sudden cardiac death (SCD) during PE. Our aim was to identify risk factors related to SCD during PE and clarify the effect of PE on cardiovascular well-being in the general population. In study I we found out that male gender as well as coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial scarring as autopsy-findings were clearly more common among exercise-related SCD. Typical northern activities in skiing and snow shoveling were among the three most common types of PE alongside cycling. In study II we analyzed the previously recorded electrocardiograms (ECG) of victims of SCD. Fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) in anterior leads was a common finding among subjects who died during exercise, especially among subjects with a prior diagnosis of CAD. In study III, we collected retrospectively out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) data in Northern Ostrobothnia between the years 2007 and 2012. The subjects who suffered SCA in relation to PE were younger and previously healthier, and they had more often a shockable rhythm as the initial rhythm. There was a markedly better prognosis for hospital discharge when SCA occurred during PE. In study IV, we noticed a decrease in cardiac mortality in subjects who were physically active or became active during follow-up in a population of 1,746 stable CAD patients. A similar effect could be seen affecting SCD mortality. No increase in cardiac mortality could be seen among those with the highest levels of habitual PE. In conclusion, ischemic heart disease and male gender, especially when fQRS is present in anterior leads, are characteristics related to exercise-related SCD. On the other hand, when SCA takes place during PE, the prognosis is markedly better compared to SCA occurring at rest. An active lifestyle is also linked to decreased cardiac mortalityTiivistelmä Säännöllinen aktiivinen elämäntapa on yhteydessä pienempään fyysisten ja psyykkisten sairauksien riskiin. Tutkimuksissa on kuitenkin havaittu raskaampaan liikuntaan liittyvä väliaikaisesti lisääntynyt akuutin sydäntapahtuman, kuten äkkikuoleman, riski. Väitöskirjatutkimuksessa tutkitaan rasitukseen liittyvän sydänperäisen äkkikuoleman erityispiirteitä ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden merkitystä hyvinvoinnille. Ensimmäisessä osajulkaisussa havaittiin, että rasitukseen liittyvissä kuolemissa oli ruumiinavauslöydöksenä merkittävästi enemmän sepelvaltimotautia, sydänlihaksen arpeutumista ja sydänlihaksen liikakasvua verrattuna äkkikuolemiin levossa. Miessukupuoli oli selkeästi yliedustettuna rasituspopulaatiossa, sillä peräti 94 % oli miehiä. Yleisimmät rasitusmuodot olivat hiihto, pyöräily ja lumenluonti. Toisessa osatutkimuksessa tutkittiin edeltävien EKG-muutosten yhteyttä rasitusperäisiin äkkikuolemiin. Havaitsimme, että QRS-kompleksin pirstoutuminen etuseinäkytkennöissä oli selkeästi yleisempi löydös rasitusryhmässä. Tämä löydös oli erityisen merkittävä sepelvaltimotautipotilailla. Kolmas julkaisu sisältää tiedot sairaalan ulkopuolisista sydänpysähdyksistä Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla vuosina 2007–2012. Tässä aineistossa havaitsimme, että rasitukseen liittyvän sydänpysähdyksen alkurytmi oli useammin defibrilloitava, potilaat olivat nuorempia ja terveempiä, ja maallikkoelvytys aloitettiin useammin. Rasituksessa elottomaksi menneillä oli suhteellisen hyvä selviämisennuste. Neljännessä tutkimuksessa havaitsimme selkeästi paremman ennusteen niillä stabiilia sepelvaltimotautia sairastaneilla, jotka olivat liikunnallisesti aktiivisia. Sydänperäinen kuolleisuus oli pienempi myös niillä potilailla, jotka onnistuivat lisäämään liikunnallista aktiivisuuttaan. Samankaltainen tulos todettiin sydänperäisten äkkikuolemien osalta. Sepelvaltimotauti ja miessukupuoli ovat hyvin yleisiä löydöksiä, kun sydänperäinen äkkikuolema tapahtuu rasituksessa. Myös QRS-kompleksin pirstoutuminen etuseinäkytkennöissä liittyi rasitusperäisiin kuolemiin. Toisaalta potilaan ennuste selvitä on selkeästi parempi sydänpysähdyksen tapahtuessa rasituksessa. Osoitimme myös, että liikunnallinen aktiivisuus ja sen pienikin lisäys parantavat sepelvaltimotautipotilaiden ennustetta
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Barkhagen, Mathias. "Risk-Neutral and Physical Estimation of Equity Market Volatility." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Produktionsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94360.
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The overall purpose of the PhD project is to develop a framework for making optimal decisions on the equity derivatives markets. Making optimal decisions refers e.g. to how to optimally hedge an options portfolio or how to make optimal investments on the equity derivatives markets. The framework for making optimal decisions will be based on stochastic programming (SP) models, which means that it is necessary to generate high-quality scenarios of market prices at some future date as input to the models. This leads to a situation where the traditional methods, described in the literature, for modeling market prices do not provide scenarios of sufficiently high quality as input to the SP model. Thus, the main focus of this thesis is to develop methods that improve the estimation of option implied surfaces from a cross-section of observed option prices compared to the traditional methods described in the literature. The estimation is complicated by the fact that observed option prices contain a lot of noise and possibly also arbitrage. This means that in order to be able to estimate option implied surfaces which are free of arbitrage and of high quality, the noise in the input data has to be adequately handled by the estimation method. The first two papers of this thesis develop a non-parametric optimization based framework for the estimation of high-quality arbitrage-free option implied surfaces. The first paper covers the estimation of the risk-neutral density (RND) surface and the second paper the local volatility surface. Both methods provide smooth and realistic surfaces for market data. Estimation of the RND is a convex optimization problem, but the result is sensitive to the parameter choice. When the local volatility is estimated the parameter choice is much easier but the optimization problem is non-convex, even though the algorithm does not seem to get stuck in local optima. The SP models used to make optimal decisions on the equity derivatives markets also need generated scenarios for the underlying stock prices or index levels as input. The third paper of this thesis deals with the estimation and evaluation of existing equity market models. The third paper gives preliminary results which show that, out of the compared models, a GARCH(1,1) model with Poisson jumps provides a better fit compared to more complex models with stochastic volatility for the Swedish OMXS30 index.Det övergripande syftet med doktorandprojektet är att utveckla ett ramverk för att fatta optimala beslut på aktiederivatmarknaderna. Att fatta optimala beslut syftar till exempel på hur man optimalt ska hedga en optionsportfölj, eller hur man ska göra optimala investeringar på aktiederivatmarknaderna. Ramverket för att fatta optimala beslut kommer att baseras på stokastisk programmerings-modeller (SP-modeller), vilket betyder att det är nödvändigt att generera högkvalitativa scenarier för marknadspriser för en framtida tidpunkt som indata till SP-modellen. Detta leder till en situation där de traditionella metoderna, som finns beskrivna i litteraturen, för att modellera marknadspriser inte ger scenarier av tillräckligt hög kvalitet för att fungera som indata till SP-modellen. Följaktligen är huvudfokus för denna avhandling att utveckla metoder som, jämfört med de traditionella metoderna som finns beskrivna i litteraturen, förbättrar estimeringen av ytor som impliceras av en given mängd observerade optionspriser. Estimeringen kompliceras av att observerade optionspriser innehåller mycket brus och möjligen också arbitrage. Det betyder att för att kunna estimera optionsimplicerade ytor som är arbitragefria och av hög kvalitet, så behöver estimeringsmetoden hantera bruset i indata på ett adekvat sätt. De första två artiklarna i avhandlingen utvecklar ett icke-parametriskt optimeringsbaserat ramverk för estimering av högkvalitativa och arbitragefria options-implicerade ytor. Den första artikeln behandlar estimeringen av den risk-neutrala täthetsytan (RND-ytan) och den andra artikeln estimeringen av den lokala volatilitetsytan. Båda metoderna ger upphov till jämna och realistiska ytor för marknadsdata. Estimeringen av RND-ytan är ett konvext optimeringsproblem men resultatet är känsligt för valet av parametrar. När den lokala volatilitetsytan estimeras är parametervalet mycket enklare men optimeringsproblemet är icke-konvext, även om algoritmen inte verkar fastna i lokala optima. SP-modellerna som används för att fatta optimala beslut på aktiederivatmarknaderna behöver också indata i form av genererade scenarier för de underliggande aktiepriserna eller indexnivåerna. Den tredje artikeln i avhandlingen behandlar estimering och evaluering av existerande modeller för aktiemarknaden. Den tredje artikeln tillhandahåller preliminära resultat som visar att, av de jämförda modellerna, ger en GARCH(1,1)-modell med Poissonhopp en bättre beskrivning av dynamiken för det svenska aktieindexet OMXS30 jämfört med mer komplicerade modeller som innehåller stokastisk volatilitet.
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Klamm, Emily L. "Impact of a physical activity program on at-risk female adolescents' enjoyment of physical activity." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371847.
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As obesity and related diseases become increasingly prevalent, there is a great need for programs for at-risk female adolescents that will encourage physical activity and other healthy behaviors. Enjoyment is one factor that has been associated with exercise participation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a physical activity program on at-risk female adolescents' enjoyment of physical activity. Participants (n= 50) from a residential treatment facility participated in a non-competitive, non-threatening physical activity program for ten weeks. Fifteen of the participants comprised a control group and did not participate in the structured program. Participants completed the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) at the beginning and end of the program. In addition, their exercise heart rates were obtained at each session. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the PACES scores. Results indicated a significant group by time interaction between the three cottages (p= .002). Further analysis revealed PACES scores increased for one treatment cottage, but decreased for the other treatment cottage and the control group. The mean percent of time participants spent in their target heart rate zone (>140 bpm) was 53.5%.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Graves, Gregory Howard. "Analytical foundations of physical security system assessment." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4166.
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Physical security systems are intended to prevent or mitigate potentially catastrophic
loss of property or life. Decisions regarding the selection of one system or
configuration of resources over another may be viewed as design decisions within a
risk theoretic setting. The problem of revealing a clear preference among design alternatives,
using only a partial or inexact delineation of event probabilities, is examined.
In this dissertation, an analytical framework for the assessment of the risk associated
with a physical security system is presented. Linear programming is used
to determine bounds on the expected utility of an alternative, and conditions for
the separation of preferences among alternatives are shown. If distinguishable preferences
do not exist, techniques to determine what information may help to separate
preferences are presented. The linear programming approach leads to identification
of vulnerabilities in a security system through an examination of the solution to the
dual problem.
Security of a hypothetical military forward operating base is considered as an
illustrative example. For two alternative security schemes, the uncertainty inherent in
the scenario is represented using probability assessments consisting of bounds on event
probabilities and exact probability assignments. Application of the framework reveals
no separation of preferences between the alternatives. Examination of the primal and dual solutions to the linear programming problems, however, reveals insights into
information which, if obtained, could lead to a separation of preferences as well as
information on vulnerabilities in one of the alternative security postures.
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Srivastava, Anil. "The relationship of physical activity to risk of testicular cancer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ40724.pdf.
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De, Lorenzo Ferruccio Francesco. "Cardiovascular risk factors and physical reconditioning in cold adapted humans." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400471.
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Hemmingsson, Erik. "Physical activity in severely obese adults : behaviour and risk outcomes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404298.
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Lund, Adam John Svenn. "Physical activity, chronic inflammation and risk factors for cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519920.
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The purpose of this thesis was to examine the interaction between cardiovascular risk factors (particularly novel inflammatory measures) and short-term changes in physical activity. This is important as it is necessary to establish whether the changes that occur to these markers over the longer-term might be a consequence of short-term changes in physical activity. Chapter 4 investigated the challenges in handling the large volume of minute-by-minute data obtained from the use of a novel device for estimating physical activity energy expenditure from synchronous heart rate and accelerometer data. This chapter describes the development of specific software to enable efficient data-processing and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of this new method of physical activity measurement. Chapter 5 sought to understand the reproducibility of various measures that were central to progress in this field in order to justify their inclusion in future intervention-based studies. This work showed that the inflammatory markers C-Reactive Protein and interleukin-6 and the lipid markers total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides were all reproducible measures. The measurement of physical activity energy expenditure, when demarked into common categories, was also mostly reproducible. The circulating marker oxidised-low-density lipoprotein, an in-house adhesion assay and in-house mononuclear cell cytokine secretion assay were determined to be not reproducible and were not used further in this thesis. In Chapter 6 a group of highly active middle-aged men undertook one week of detraining where all structured exercise was removed but activities of daily living were allowed. It was shown that this short-term period of detraining did not elicit any changes in any of the inflammatory, lipid or glucose/insulin markers measured including a commercial, externally-validated whole-blood cytokine secretion assay. In Chapter 7 a sedentary group of middle-aged men performed daily brisk walking for 30 minutes over one week. This period of training did not elicit any change in any of the inflammatory, lipid or glucose/insulin markers measured; including no changes in glucose measures with an oral glucose tolerance test either one day after the last training session or three days later. The differences between the highly-active (Chapter 6) and sedentary (Chapter 7) participants in inflammatory markers were large with substantially higher concentrations for C-Reactive Protein and interleukin-6 in the sedentary middle-aged men. Because these do not change in response to relatively short-term detraining (Chapter 6) or training (Chapter 7) it appears that these differences represent long-term changes and adaptations. Therefore, in addition to being reproducible, fasting inflammatory and lipid markers are very stable with no changes after positive or negative short-term alterations in physical activity level. One immediate implication of this stability is improved ease of follow-up measures after interventions (e.g., training studies) since differences appear to reflect chronic changes in response to the regular training/detraining undertaken and not to recent exercise per se. In the future it will be important to establish better demarcations of acceptable physical activity behaviour. It will also be important to establish whether recently-trained individuals also exhibit stability in their inflammatory markers after a short-period of detraining and whether sedentary individuals are ever capable of achieving the blood profiles of their highly-active counterparts.
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Endrighi, R. "Physical activity, adiposity, stress-induced inflammation, and cardiovascular disease risk." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348212/.
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Physical inactivity and adiposity are independent risk factors for several chronic conditions including coronary heart disease. Activity and adiposity also modulate psychophysiological responses to psychosocial stress. Since heightened cardiovascular and inflammatory responses to mental stress predict cardiovascular risk, these two factors may influence cardiovascular risk through modulation of autonomic reactivity to stress. However, experimental evidence to support this hypothesis is scarce. The aim of this project is to investigate the associations between physical activity, adiposity, mental stress and mood and physiological reactivity using naturalistic and controlled laboratory methods. Study one examined the association between self-reported physical activity participation, diurnal cortisol rhythm and mood symptoms in everyday life. Study two used an experimental design to examine the effect of physical activity on mood symptoms and on cardiovascular and inflammatory responses to acute mental stress. Exercise withdrawal was used as a model of physical inactivity to induce mood disturbances in healthy, active participants. Several stress-induced markers relevant in cardiovascular disease were examined including pro-inflammatory factors and cortisol. Study three examined the effect of adiposity on physiological responses to acute mental stress and mood. Weight loss was experimentally induced through caloric restriction in overweight or obese women. Responses to acute stress were compared before and after weight loss. Cardiovascular and inflammatory responses to acute stress were evaluated to establish whether adiposity is associated with a heightened or blunted response. The combination of studies presented in this thesis provides insight into the complex relationships that links behavioural factors such as physical activity with mood and stress. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in the association between adiposity, physical activity and cardiovascular risk is invaluable in informing preventive strategies and health related programmes.
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Miranda, Luísa Maria da Cruz Soares. ""Associations between cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity and autonomic function"." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56801.
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Wyatt, Hannah. "Physical development contributions to biomechanical injury risk in female gymnasts." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7851.
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Ongoing chronic back pain and chronic spinal injury prevalence in the gymnastics population is a major concern for the health and wellbeing of female gymnasts. To inform biomechanical screening approaches, the aim of the research is to develop understanding of the contribution of physical development to biomechanical indicators of chronic spinal injury risk in female artistic gymnasts. Chronological ageing, maturation and growth of competitive female artistic gymnasts between the ages of nine and 15 years were evaluated at three time points across a 12 month period. CODA motion analysis and Kistler force plate data informed the quantification of biomechanical risk indicators. Posture, general stability, centre of pressure range and lumbo-pelvic stability were determined through the performance of handstand and forward walkover skills and informed the respective risk indicators. Calculated through an image-based approach, anthropometric growth was established to have the greatest influence on biomechanical risk indicators of the physical development mechanisms. Within the gymnastics cohort, two forms of proportional growth were evidenced. Longitudinal empirical data revealed gymnasts with increased bicristal breadth growth in relation to biacromial breadth to have significantly greater biomechanical risk for posture and lumbo-pelvic stability in the handstand (p<0.05). Gymnasts who had increased growth rates of biacromial breadth in relation to bicristal breadth had significantly greater biomechanical risk for general stability in the handstand and forward walkover skills (p<0.05). Novel empirical quantification for the large influences of physical development mechanisms on biomechanical risk (maximum r2 = 0.82) underpinned the importance of proportional growth consideration in injury screening practice. Evaluation of the transverse torso moment of inertia at a discrete time point provided preliminary support for cross-sectional use of the inertial measure to forecast longitudinal growth trends. Identification of prominent biomechanical risk indicators for individual gymnasts using discrete data may provide direction of injury prevention focus for practitioners.
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Spielholz, Peregrin. "A comparison of upper extremity physical risk factor measurement methods /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8468.
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Elcock, Maryellen. "Life style risk factors for physical and emotional premenstrual symptoms /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Miranda, Luísa Maria da Cruz Soares. ""Associations between cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity and autonomic function"." Tese, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56801.
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Gallas, Jonathan. "Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in Recreational Distance Runners." Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/59.
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Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in Recreational Distance Runners By Jonathan E. Gallas Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine differences between runners with and without low back pain and a control group of non-runners in demographic, physical/running, and LBP variables. Subjects. This study included 102 subjects in three groups. Subjects, 18 to 55 years old, were from a running store, sports club, and physical therapy clinics in Rockford, IL. Methods. A pilot study of ten runners with LBP was conducted prior to data collection to assess testers’ reliability. One hundred and twelve runners, with or without LBP, who run 20-30km/wk for at least one year were recruited. Runners with LBP are defined as one with a current episode of LBP for 2 weeks but less than 6 months. Subjects completed the informed consent form and demographic and training variable questionnaire prior to data collection. This study utilized demographic and physical/running variable data. Additional data was obtained on lumbar flexion/extension AROM, Biering-Sorensen test, passive lumbar extension test, right and left side bridge, and the Beighton Scale. An ANOVA test was performed to assess for group differences. T-tests, Mann Whitney U, and Chi square tests were conducted to determine differences among running groups. Results. Significant differences were found in the side bridge test between the control group and both running groups, Biering-Sorensen test between the control and runners without LBP, and BMI between the control and runners with LBP. Group differences were found between runners with and without LBP in days/wk, rest days/wk, years run, and marathons run. Group difference were also found in km/wk of running and age among running groups. Discussion. Further research is needed in runners with LBP to determine why they were able to run more miles, take less rest days, run more marathons, and more years. Future studies should address the characteristics of runners that allowed them to demonstrate greater trunk muscle endurance and core muscle stability and be prospective and longitudinal in nature. Key Words. low back pain, recreational distance runner.
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Lundgren, Emil. "A new model for Pellet Cladding Interaction risk assessment." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263048.
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Meyer, Anne-Marie Evenson Kelly Renee. "Sedentary behavior and physical activity risk factors associated with modern lifestyles /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1389.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Public Health Epidemiology." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.
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Jette, Shannon. "Governing risk, exercising caution : western medical knowledge, physical activity and pregnancy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14840.
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In contemporary Western society, the messages regarding exercise during pregnancy are conflicting and confusing. Long-standing cautions about the dangers of over-exertion intermingle with entreaties to engage in moderate physical activity in order to have a healthier baby with a reduced risk of developing various chronic diseases. These medical messages then co-mingle with advice from family and friends as well as with images of the fit, pregnant 'yummy mummy' circulating in popular culture. The
purpose of this dissertation is to trace history, untangle meanings and demonstrate shifting 'truth' claims about the active pregnant body, also considering how the various messages in circulation might be experienced as simultaneously empowering and
oppressive by their intended audience, the pregnant woman. With these goals in mind, I draw upon the Foucauldian tools of archaeological and genealogical analysis to examine how knowledge regarding exercise during pregnancy has been produced over the past century, and how the messages put forth by the medical profession (and circulating within consumer culture) have functioned to regulate the activities of pregnant women. I also enlist the analytical tool of 'governmentality' (Foucault, 2003; O'Malley, 2008) to examine the place of exercise
during pregnancy within the larger governmental apparatus of Western society over the past century. This approach provides a key insight as to why the ideas and messages about physical activity and pregnancy are so confusing: since the late nineteenth century, exercise during pregnancy has been framed as both a problem and a solution to the larger biopolitical aims of governance, aims which themselves have changed from a concern with the collective strength of the nation-state to a (neo-liberal) concern with the cost of unhealthy bodies. By situating maternal exercise within the larger governmental complex and closely examining the 'rules of formation' that allow particular statements (at certain times) to be accepted as 'truth' or 'knowledge' as well as showing how these 'truths' turn into a form of practicing power, my project illustrates the contingency of ideas regarding maternal exercise and troubles taken-for-granted ways of thinking about the active, pregnant body.
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Whitehouse, Kerry. "Risk-taking and professional development : physical education teachers' narratives of experience." Thesis, University of Worcester, 2018. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/7067/.
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This study adopted an interpretive qualitative approach, using narrative inquiry to understand the experiences of early career physical education (PE) teachers who took ‘risks’ during their training year, and who had been teaching in schools. Narrative interviews were conducted with nine PE teachers who had engaged with a Risk-Taking Professional Development Programme (PDP) during their training year and who had been teaching for between two months and five years. Interviews explored the meanings, definitions and influences that participants ascribed to risk taking from their memories of the training year and once they began teaching in schools. The focus of the study emerged because in my role as a PE teacher trainer, I designed the Risk-Taking PDP to challenge trainee PE teachers to reflect critically upon their teaching and pupil learning and, move beyond their comfortable practices. Inspiration was taken from the Office for Standards in Education outstanding descriptor at that time, to ‘Take risks when trying to make teaching interesting, be able to deal with the unexpected and grab the moment’ (Ofsted, 2008, p. 1). The Risk-Taking PDP became a core component of the PE Teacher Training course in one UK Higher Education Institution (HEI) and was delivered to over 100 PE trainee teachers. An interpretive analysis located overlapping and interlocking themes which closely represented illuminative epiphanies (Denzin, 2001). Findings revealed that risk-taking became a central component of teachers’ practice during the training year. It encouraged critical reflection and developed trainee confidence. Epiphanic moments experienced by participants highlighted that adaptation, negotiation and resilience formed over time as crucial aspects of risk-taking. Once qualified and teaching in schools, key influences affected PE teachers’ willingness to take risks. These included; performativity measures, time, pupil behaviour and the influence of the subject community. Risk-taking was found to support personal and professional growth and, when influences in schools were positive, engagement with innovation and creativity continued. This led to further growth and learning for both teachers and pupils. This study provides new knowledge to inform the continuation of the Risk-Taking PDP and offers new insights for PE Initial Teacher Education and Training (ITET) practices. Furthermore, this study reaffirms the views of Clandinin and Connelly (2000) who argue for narrative being a three-dimensional space where temporality, sociality and place (context) influence thinking and learning and also, those of Dewey (1938) where experience and learning is transactional and always in relation to others and the social context. This study proposes a fourth dimension to risk-taking, a visional dimension where teachers visualise an ‘ideal’ situation and, is represented through the abstract conceptualisation of risk-taking holding a four-dimensional metaphorical space. This is represented through a geometrical shape, the Tesseract. This study suggests that the Tesseract Model should be utilised in schools to support early career teacher professional development, build resilience and encourage collaborative engagement in subject communities. Likewise, insights from a methodological approach, of narrative inquiry, that has seen a limited application in the context of PE provides a different and invaluable viewpoint in positioning the researchers’ and participants’ stories centrally.
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Hall, Courtney D. "Physical Functioning, Fall Risk and Mobility in Individuals with Vision Loss." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2708.
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Crossen-Sills, Jacqueline. "Using the OASIS to predict risk of falls in older adults." Diss., NSUWorks, 2005. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/51.
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Carlson, Kaitlyn Amie. "Examining perceptions and experiences of physical activity, body image and physical self-concept in at-risk adolescent girls." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59431.
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Body image dissatisfaction is highly prevalent among at-risk adolescent girls (i.e., those exposed to sexual exploitation, poor family support); yet, there are no specific considerations relating to body image, self-concept and physical activity (PA) for this sub-population. PA participation in adolescent girls is vital for overall health and wellbeing, and contributes to a positive body image and physical self-concept. This study examined the feasibility and potential effectiveness of an integrated PA and psychosocial program aimed at improving the body image and physical self-concept of at-risk adolescent girls. A pre-experimental, mix-methods design was utilised to collect data from at-risk adolescent girls (N=24) between the ages of 11-17 years, via survey research (n=22) and semi-structured interviews (n=16). PA perception and enjoyment were measured using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, and perceptions of physical self-concept and body image were measured using the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. In addition, PA behaviours, experiences and preferences, as well as perceptions and awareness around body image and the sociocultural environment, were explored through the semi-structured interviews. Paired t-tests indicated significant changes, from baseline to post-intervention, in components of physical self-concept, specifically coordination (p=0.05), PA (p=0.01), strength (p=0.03), and endurance (p=0.01). Using thematic analysis, three themes emerged from the interview data, including: 1) Physical activity in the eyes of adolescent girls with results indicating that adolescent girls have an understanding of PA, different types of PA, and the associated enablers and barriers to participation for girls of this age; 2) Friendships and small group participation were highlighted as important for PA participation, specifically engaging in PA with peers, in a girls-only setting, increased enjoyment and was important for promoting support; and 3) Being healthy to be happy described health according to adolescent girls, which involved awareness of body image and the sociocultural environment. When designing programs for this population, input regarding activity choice, and the involvement of a supportive adult are key. An integrated PA and psychosocial intervention shows promise as a strategy for reaching and engaging at-risk adolescent girls, particularly when it is delivered in the supportive, small group environment.Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Boxtel, Martinus Petrus Johannes van van. "Physical health, vascular risk factors, and age-related cognitive decline studies into physical determinants of normal cognitive aging /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Neuropsych Publishers ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5812.
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Murtagh, Elaine M. "The effects of walking for exercise on cardiovascular disease risk." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288823.
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Hurtig, Wennlöf Anita. "Cardiovascular risk factors in children /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-179-2/.
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Tucker, Jared Michael. "Physical activity levels and cardiovascular disease risk among U.S. adults comparison between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010.
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Ansara, Donna Lynn. "Women's physical health after childbirth, do violence and depression histories represent risk factors for more postpartum physical health symptoms?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63067.pdf.
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Nunez, Miranda Carols Andres. "The “fat but fit” hypothesis and cancer risk." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20482.
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Modifiable lifestyles factors such as obesity and physical activity play a clear independent role in the aetiology of cancer, based on mounting epidemiological evidence. However, cancer research has lagged behind other major chronic conditions as disease risk modification between body fatness and physical activity has been noted in the context of mortality and cardiometabolic outcomes. In those studies, increased risk usually conferred by a high body fatness may be attenuated or even eliminated by high levels of physical activity or fitness. This phenomenon described as “fat but fit” hypothesis has barely been evaluated in the cancer field. Given the negative impact of obesity on the burden of cancer, the examination of a possible interaction between body fatness and physical activity is of public health significance to understand cancer risk. Therefore, this thesis examined the independent and interactive (“fat but fit”) effects of body mass and physical activity or fitness on the risk of different types of cancer in multiple epidemiological studies. The interrelation between body mass and physical activity or fitness was methodologically assessed by appraising the interaction term between these two lifestyle factors in epidemiological studies used in this thesis. There was variability in the results of the independent effects of obesity and physical activity across the studies of this thesis. Overall, obesity had a positive association with new cases of colorectal cancer, in particular colon cancer and any cancer combined among both sexes, prostate cancer in men and breast or uterine cancer in women. Conversely, physical activity or fitness had an inverse association with all-cancer sites combined or colon cancer amongst men and women; breast, uterine or lung cancer in females and with the incidence and mortality of respiratory and thoracic cancers in males. When evaluating the “fat but fit” hypothesis, there was no evidence of interaction between body mass and different levels of physical activity or fitness on many cancer outcomes. Thus, “fat but fit” might not be relevant to cancer risk. Obesity-related cancer risks appear not to be offset or eliminated by high levels of physical activity or fitness. Therefore, both a healthy body weight in addition to recommended levels of physical activity need to be promoted to impact the risk of cancer.
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Gubler, Coral Michelle. "Examining the Relationship of Physical Activity with Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222008-100646/.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for 37.1 percent of all deaths in the United States. Physical activity is inversely related to both CV event risk and to many of the individual CVD risk factors. The inverse relationship between physical activity and CVD risk is well established. However, much dispute remains about the optimal physical activity intensity and duration related to health benefits and to lower CVD risk. The ability to objectively measure intensity and duration may clarify the inverse relationship between physical activity and CVD. The purpose of this collection of studies was to explore the association of physical activity with CVD and attempt to identify some specifics of this complex relationship. Results: In healthy sedentary individuals aged 31 to 66, 2 different activity accumulation programs were effective in increasing physical activity and resulted in improved fitness and blood glucose. However, the improvement in activity was not of sufficient intensity to provide changes in multiple heart disease risk factors or inflammation. In a cross-section sample of males and females aged 18 to 65, both active and sedentary, the relationship between physical activity and CVD risk varied by age group. The inverse relationship between physical activity and CVD risk was confirmed. However, reaching higher intensity levels for 1 minute periods at least 5 minutes a day appears to be better related to lower risk of CVD than longer durations of moderate or vigorous activity per day, particularly in younger individuals. In a sample of stroke survivors aged 50 to 72, 3 out of 6 of the modifiable risk factors for CVD were present. In these stroke survivors, physical activity intensity and duration were well below current recommendations and insufficient for CVD risk reduction. Conclusions: Accumulating activity can be effective in meeting physical activity recommendations however both duration and intensity requirements must be achieved. Combinations of higher intensities for shorter durations may also be effective in CVD risk reduction.
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Gonzalez, Belsie R. "Physical Teen Dating Violence and Risk Behaviors among Black and Latino Teens." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/5.
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Victims of teen dating violence (TDV) in the United States engage in risk behaviors that increase their vulnerability to ill health. Although teen dating violence affects millions of adolescents of diverse ethnic backgrounds, there is a higher prevalence of TDV among Blacks and Latinos. In order to develop effective interventions for diverse populations, it is critical to understand the risk behaviors associated with different victims of TDV. The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether there is a difference between the risk behaviors (alcohol abuse, illegal drug use and perilous sexual intercourse) engaged in by Black, Latino and White adolescent victims of TDV. The national 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was the source of data. This thesis hypothesizes that there are different risk behaviors related to each ethnic group, and aims to provide information to support the development of culturally competent TDV interventions.
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Hansch, Gerhard [Verfasser]. "Automating Security Risk and Requirements Management for Cyber-Physical Systems / Gerhard Hansch." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223171639/34.
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Semper, Kelly. "Risk, colon cancer & physical activity : a qualitative exploration in older adults." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53362/.
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Rationale and Objectives There is convincing evidence that physical activity (PA) reduces risk of colon cancer (CC) and may improve survival after cancer, although few older adults achieve recommended PA guidelines. Numerous barriers to participation exist, though few studies focus on socio-cultural influences. This study explores barriers specific to individuals at elevated risk of CC following screening colonoscopy, as well as how health professionals or a ‘diagnosis’ may provide additional motivation to change. Methods Interviews were conducted with colonic polyp patients and CC survivors over 60 years old, selectively sampled from a feasibility study for a randomised controlled PA intervention. Narrative accounts enabled discussion of influences on health behaviour throughout participants’ lifetimes, the impact of their recent ‘diagnosis’, and attitudes towards PA. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with health professionals to triangulate data collection. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and a constructivist grounded theory approach to data analysis was followed. Findings Despite not meeting current PA guidelines, participants perceived a lifetime of ‘natural’ PA. CC survivors were more inclined to initiate PA engagement to improve their health; conversely, elevated risk individuals were often not aware of their change in health status, leading them to conclude that no lifestyle change was necessary. Professionals confirmed that no PA guidance is currently offered to screening patients, but believed that there may be scope to implement health promotion advice. Barriers towards this however, are complex and numerous. Conclusions The ‘meaning of PA’ is situated and understandings may differ. Despite reporting perceptions of high PA, this study sample did not seem to understand what constitutes sufficient PA to elicit a positive health response. Risk status awareness and the benefits of PA is lacking in elevated risk individuals. For the screening setting to be utilised, questions around ‘why’, ‘when’ ‘who’ and ‘how’ health promotion should be delivered, need to be addressed.
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Johnson, Virginia Faye. "Domestic violence and physical child abuse: Do social workers see the risk?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2097.
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The purpose of the study was to look at whether domestic violence is being viewed as a risk factor in homes where there is also physical child abuse. Historically a misconception has existed that child abuse occurs in a vacuum of sorts, isolated from other family problems.
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Fitton, James Michael. "A national coastal erosion risk assessment for Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7110/.
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The geography of Scotland, with a highly undulating hinterland, long and indented coastline, together with a large number of islands, means that much social and economic activity is largely located at the coast. The importance of the coast is further highlighted by the large number of ecosystem services derived from the coast. The threat posed by climate change, particularly current and future sea level rise, is of considerable concern and the associated coastal erosion and coastal flooding has the potential to have a substantial effect on the socioeconomic activity of the whole country. Currently, the knowledge base of coastal erosion is poor, which serves to hinder the current and future management of the coast. This research reported here aimed to establish four key aspects of coastal erosion within Scotland: the physical susceptibility of the coast to erosion; the assets exposed to coastal erosion; the vulnerability of communities to coastal erosion; and the coastal erosion risk to those communities. Coastal erosion susceptibility was modelled here within a GIS, using data for ground elevation, rockhead elevation, wave exposure and proximity to the open coast. Combining these data produced the Underlying Physical Susceptibility Model (UPSM), in the form of a 50 m2 raster of national coverage. The Coastal Erosion Susceptibility Model (CESM) was produced with the addition of sediment supply and coastal defence data, which then moderates the outputs of the UPSM. Asset data for dwellings, key assets, transport infrastructure, historic assets, and natural assets were used along with the UPSM and CESM to assess their degree of exposure to coastal erosion. A Coastal Erosion Vulnerability Model (CEVM) was produced using Experian Mosaic Scotland (a geodemographic classification which identifies 44 different social groups within Scotland) to classify populations based upon 11 vulnerability variables. Dwellings were assigned a CESM and CEVM score in order to establish their coastal erosion risk. This research demonstrated that the issue of coastal erosion will impact on a relatively low number of properties compared to those impacted by flooding (both coastal and fluvial) as many dwellings are already protected by coastal defences. There is therefore, a considerable future liability, and great pressure for coastal defences to be maintained and upgraded in their current form. The use of the CEVM is a novel inclusion within a coastal erosion assessment for Scotland. Use of the CEVM established that coastal erosion risk is not distributed equally amongst the Scottish coastal population and highlighted that risk can be reduced by either reducing exposure or reducing vulnerability. Thus far in Scotland, reducing exposure has been the primary management approach, which has a number of implications with regards social justice. This research identified the existing data gaps that should be addressed by future research in order to further improve coastal management in Scotland. Future research should focus on assessing historical coastal change rates on a national scale, improve modelling of national scale wave exposure, enhance the information held about current coastal defences and, determine the direct and indirect economic cost associated with the loss of different asset types. It is also necessary to clarify the social justice implications of using adaptation approaches to manage coastal erosion as well as establishing a method to communicate the susceptibility, exposure, vulnerability and risk aspects whilst minimising the potential negative impacts (e.g. property blight) of releasing such information.
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Phillips, Jennifer Ann. "Time trends in overall daily physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors by organized physical activity participation in adolescent girls." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9898.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept of Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Folegot, Silvia. "A risk assessment framework for quantifying drought impacts on thermal and water extremes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8657/.
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By deploying Fibre-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing, this thesis aims to improve understanding of the influences of drought-induced low flows, surface water warmings, shifts between up- and downwelling flows, and hydroclimatological controls on surface water and streambed temperature dynamics. First, the potential drought impacts on surface water and streambed temperature patterns of lowland streams are quantified. Second, high-resolution streambed sediments temperature distributions following altered groundwater-surface water exchange under distinct increased surface water temperatures are analysed. Third, the hyporheic refuge hypothesis is tested at high spatio-temporal resolution under different groundwater-surface water exchange and warming scenarios. Fourth, high-resolution seasonal variability in streambed sediments temperature distributions of a forested stream reach is quantified. The main outcomes are: 1) surface water and streambed temperature patterns in co-evolved vegetated artificial lowland streams varied with water level; 2) the direction of groundwater-surface water exchange impacted on the transfer of thermal stress into gravel streambeds under different warming scenarios; 3) alterations of the direction of groundwater-surface water exchange influenced the potential of the hyporheic zone of gravel streambeds to provide a refuge under warming; 4) seasonal variations of streambed temperatures in a forested stream reach are primarily driven by hydroclimatological conditions.
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Nannyambe, Edgar Boniface. "Relationship between participation in physical activity and health risk behaviours among youth in high schools in Mtwara region, Tanzania." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2602_1242700080.
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Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors for major non-communicable diseases, which contribute substantially to the global burden of chronic diseases, disability and death. The burden of disability, morbidity and mortality, attributable to non-communicable diseases, is currently enormous in the developed countries and is increasingly growing in the developing countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between participation in physical activity and health risk behaviours among high school students in the Mtwara region, Tanzania. The objectives of this study were to identify the physical activity levels among high school students in Mtwara region, Tanzania, to identify health risk behaviours among the above mentioned high school students, to identify the factors that influenced them to engage in health risk behaviours and to establish the relationship between physical activity and health risk behaviours.
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Nguyen, Nghia Cong Evenson Kelly Renee. "Physical activity, uteroplacental and umbilical circulation, and the risk of gestational hypertension/preeclampsia." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2851.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 4, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Epidemiology." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.
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Shaw, Barnabas. "The role of physical activity in the molecular regulation of colon cancer risk." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/61635/.
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A strong body of observational evidence supports the notion that physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with colon cancer (CC) risk. Epigenetic alterations, such as aberrant DNA methylation, are apparent in the early stages of carcinogenesis. Recent evidence has suggested that PA can alter DNA methylation patterns in a variety of tissues. It is not known whether PA can affect DNA methylation patterns in genes implicated in CC risk. Study 1 was a longitudinal investigation of 253 females (70.7 ± 4.0 yrs) and 137 males (71.4 ± 4.3 yrs) for whom DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes were available. Participants showed differential DNA methylation of relevant genes depending on whether they had increased, decreased, or maintained their PA level over eight years. Study 2 was a randomised controlled trial of sedentary colon adenoma patients (n = 31; 68.5 ± 3.2 yrs) who were randomised to a 6-12 month Active Lifestyle Programme or Usual Care. DNA methylation patterns of CC risk genes in buccal cells were unaffected by taking part in the Active Lifestyle Programme. Low recruitment probably resulted in the study being underpowered, and buccal cells may not have been a suitable surrogate marker of colon DNA methylation. A lack of colon biopsies prevented any analysis of changes in methylation in this tissue. Due to the absence of colon biopsies, Study 3 tested whether serum from physically active or inactive volunteers affected the proliferation of in vitro models of colon epithelia, in the fasted state and after a single bout of treadmill running. A randomised controlled trial with a crossover design was conducted in 20 male participants (59 ± 6.0 yrs) free of metabolic or cardiovascular disease, and data pooled together with 20 male colon adenoma patients from the previous investigation. This study showed that male adenoma patients’ cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely correlated with serum-stimulated growth of the colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2 in vitro, but no relationship was observed in disease-free volunteers at rest or after exercise. In conclusion, this series of studies demonstrated that whilst PA is associated with beneficial changes in DNA methylation longitudinally, this might not be realised in a trial setting with sedentary older persons. It remains unclear whether increasing PA is an effective strategy for reducing CC risk via changes to DNA methylation patterns. Furthermore, it has suggested that cardiorespiratory fitness might be important in modulating the growth of the Caco-2 cell line, but more investigation is needed.