Relevant bibliographies by topics / Physical pre-treatment

Academic literature on the topic 'Physical pre-treatment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Physical pre-treatment"

Shakir, Mohammad Aliff, Mohd Firdaus Yhaya, and Mardiana Idayu Ahmad. "Physical Effects of Pre-Hydrolysis and Alkali Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 8, no. 6 (December 2017): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2017.8.6.689.

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Smith, E., M. Bayan, and M. Daniels. "Optimum physical-chemical pre-treatment of copper damascene wastewater." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (May 1, 2003): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0541.

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Chemical and mechanical polishing (CMP) of copper damascene circuits will typically produce copper levels in excess of regulatory limits in wastewater with a unique process chemistry, including high solids. Physical-chemical methods were investigated to determine the optimum treatment depending upon pre-treatment and/or water reuse requirements. Jar test studies revealed that an alum dose of 150-200 mg/L together with anionic polymer aid provided a good removal of turbidity. If the treatment objective is simply solids and copper reduction for discharge to a sewer system, then solids removal can be combined with precipitation of copper hydroxide for relatively inexpensive pre-treatment. The presence of peroxide from the process solution, however, may make it difficult to achieve copper values below 5 mg/L, depending on the associated process conditions. If the objective is to remove solids and recover copper, which may also allow recovery of water for reuse, then solids removal by alum and polymer can be followed by ion exchange by a strong acid cation resin. As with precipitation, however, effective copper removal by ion exchange requires pre-treatment of peroxide by chemical reduction. The exchange of dissolved aluminum also reduces the capacity of the resin for copper.

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Amenova, Danagul, Dmitry Ageev, Aigerim Tolesh, Oleg Seldiugaev, Leonid Zinovev, and Marina Nortseva. "Влияние физических методов предпосевной обработки на всхожесть семян некоторых лекарственных растений." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 105, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg1/16-22.

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The use of physical processing methods improves the viability of seeds of many species of cultivated plants. Physical processing methods are more environmentally friendly, cheap, can be easily implemented when organizing collection sites and plantations. The use of physical methods of pre-sowing seed treatment of medicinal plants has not previously been carried out. The article presents the results of studying the effects of physical methods (magnetic field irradiation and bubbling), on the germination rate and energy of germination of the seeds of Salvia stepposa, Linum usitatissimum, Valeriana officinalis after 1,5 years of storage. The results demostrated that the viability of the seeds of all three species was significantly increased compared to the control after irradiation with a magnetic field and the use of bubbling for 24 hours. The best physical method of presowing treatment for Salvia stepposa seeds was recognized as the combination of cryopreservation and bubbling, for Linum usitatissimum and Valeriana officinalis seeds were irradiation with a double magnetic field for 3 days.

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Pertiwi, Mega, Yoni Atma, Apon Mustopa, and Rizkia Maisarah. "Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Gelatin dari Tulang Ikan Patin dengan Pre-Treatment Asam Sitrat." Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan 7, no. 2 (2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17728/jatp.2470.

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Puke, Santa, and Ruta Galoburda. "Pre-treatment Effect on Physical and Microbial Parameters of Smoked Baltic Sprats." Rural Sustainability Research 46, no. 341 (December 1, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2021-0014.

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Abstract Smoked sprats are delicious and nutritionally valuable product. Besides protein, it contains high amount of unsaturated fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins. Nowadays, human interest for fish product consumption is increasing. It leads to the demand for increased shelf life of the smoked sprats. One way to prolong the shelf life is to use some pre-treatment prior to smoking. The aim of study was to analyse the effect of pre-treatment on smoked Baltic sprat quality and microbiological parameters. Various compositions of brine using salts (NaCl, CaCl2) and acetic acid in different proportions were used for fresh sprat pre-treatment. Pre-treatment had the influence on physical parameters; pre-treated samples had higher salt and lower moisture content, and lower pH, which allowed prolonging the shelf life of smoked sprats. The highest pH was in the control sample 6.6, and it allowed growth of yeasts, moulds, Pseudomonas spp., and mesophilic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. The results demonstrated that after two-week storage of the smoked sprats the growth of moulds (1×102 CFU g−1) was observed only for smoked sprats without pre-treatment (control sample), indicating the positive effect of pre-treatment. Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfingens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli were not detected in any of the analysed samples. After pre-treatment in brine, containing combination of NaCl and CaCl2, smoked fish had darker colour compared to control sample or sample with sodium chloride only. Any of applied pre-treatments, except brine containing NaCl, made firmer texture of the smoked fish.

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Bourchtein, Elizaveta, Alix McLaughlin, Amanda Hughes, Kimberly Walainis, Eric L. Scott, and Emily Foxen-Craft. "Pre-treatment depressive symptoms predict physical performance among pediatric pain program participants." Journal of Pain 22, no. 5 (May 2021): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.059.

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Kroupin, P. Y., and O. G. Semenov. "PHYSICAL METHODS OF PRE-PLANTING AND POSTHARVEST TREATMENT OF POTATO: A REVIEW." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 13, no. 4 (2018): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2018-13-4-383-395.

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Jelačić, Tvrtko, Sandra Voća, Ante Galić, Martina Skendrović Babojelić, Verica Dragović-Uzelac, and Jana Šic Žlabur. "Application of physical pre-treatment of abrasion in the plum drying process." Pomologia Croatica 23, no. 3-4 (September 4, 2020): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/pc.23.3-4.6.

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Voštana prevlaka površine kožice ploda šljive ključna je prepreka gubitku vode prilikom postupka sušenja te ju je nužno ukloniti. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti utjecaj primjene različitih predtretmana, kemijskog (primjenom lužine), fizikalnog (primjenom abrazije) i toplinskog (ugrijanom destiliranom vodom) na vrijeme sušenja plodova šljive sorte 'President'. Također, varirani su i ključni parametri svakog pojedinog predtretmana poput temperature otopine prilikom toplinskog (22 i 60 °C), koncentracije (0,5, 1 i 1,5% v/v) i temperature (22 i 60 °C) lužine (KOH) kod kemijskog i vremenskog perioda abrazije (5, 10 i 15 min) kod fizikalnog. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, kemijski predtretman lužinom koncentracije 1 i 1,5% temperature 60 °C bio je najučinkovitiji, vrijeme sušenja iznosilo je svega 27 sati, adok je samo 2 sata dulje (29 h) trajalo sušenje plodova predtretiranih abrazijom u vremenu od 15 min. Temeljem svega, može se zaključiti kako je fizikalni predtretman abrazijom izrazito učinkovit u uklanjanju voštane prevlake, time i u skraćivanju vremena sušenja plodova šljive, a isto tako treba naglasiti kako primjenom abrazivnog predtretmana značajno utječemo na smanjenje onečišćenja okoliša, ali i na zdravlje ljudi, s obzirom da nema ostataka kemijskih sredstava koja nakon primjene treba adekvatno zbrinuti, jer potencijalno mogu negativno utjecati na čovjeka i okoliš.

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Nishad, P. K., R. K. Naik, S. Patel, and N. K. Mishra. "Effect of pre-treatment on physical properties of chironji (Buchanania lanzan) nuts." Agricultural Research Journal 54, no. 4 (2017): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2017.00118.1.

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Prémusz, Viktória, Alexandra Makai, Boróka Gács, Ágnes Simon-Ugron, Pongrác Ács, Kinga Lampek, and Ákos Várnagy. "Relationship between Pre-Treatment Habitual Physical Activity and Success of Assisted Reproduction." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.63(3).22.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physical pre-treatment"

Schenkel, Philipp [Verfasser]. "Innovative technologies in cheese milk pre-treatment and its impact on thermo-physical properties of semi-hard cheese / Philipp Schenkel." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051549809/34.

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PUMA, SARA. "Chemico-mechanical improvement of bentonite barriers for pollutant containment." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2507922.

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Pollution control represents one of the main problems of public interest in all industrialised countries. Since the 1970s, when the engineering of waste containment began, the overall objective of Environmental Geotechnics was to limit contaminant discharge to groundwater and subsoil. Since the 1990s design engineers and environmental agencies have shown a growing interest in the use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as an alternative to compacted clays in cover systems or in bottom lining of waste containment facilities because they have very low hydraulic conductivity to water and relatively low cost. GCLs contain a thin layer of sodium bentonite with a dry thickness between 5 and 10 mm, sandwiched between two geotextiles or glued to a geomembrane, GM. The excellent hydraulic performances of GCLs have to be attributed to bentonite characteristics and, since these last are greatly influenced by the chemical composition of the environment surrounding the barrier and by the state parameters, the performances of GCLs can be altered, and then worsened, by a simple variation of the chemical or physical boundary conditions. Aimed at solving this last issue, clay liners and GCLs have undergone great change during the last two decades, with new material being introduced (i.e. polymers) and new design methods being adopted (i.e. membrane behaviour investigation, contaminant diffusion estimation). The research project developed during the Ph.D. has been focused on bentonite barriers. The term “bentonite barriers” includes bentonite or bentonite-based barriers which find application both in urban waste landfill, hazardous or radioactive wastes final disposal and in hydrocarbon containment. The developed theoretical and experimental study has had the aim of evaluating the possible improvement of containment performance of the bentonite barriers, towards standard and non standard liquids, acting on their state parameters, chemical composition, and boundary conditions at installation. The contents of the thesis are reported below: Chapter 1 – Bentonite barriers. This chapter is an introduction to the topic of the research activity: the improvement of contaminant containment performances of the bentonite barrier. Chapter 1 gives a phenomenological and physical description of the mineralogical, chemical and physical properties of sodium and calcium bentonite. Moreover, the main features and issues concerning Geosynthetic Clay Liners, and bentonite barriers in general, are introduced. Chapter 2 – Containment performances of natural and polymer-modified bentonite barriers subjected to physical pre-treatments. The role of physical pre-treatments, such as pre-hydration, pre-consolidation and salt removal, applied to sodium and polymer modified bentonites, has been analyzed in the Paper reported in chapter 2, titled: “THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL PRETREATMENTS ON THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF NATURAL AND POLYMER MODIFIED SODIUM BENTONITES”. Moreover, the effect of the presence or absence of needling across the bentonite layer has been studied. All these variables have been shown to influence the hydraulic performances of bentonite through hydraulic conductivity change in both short and long term conditions. Physical pre-treatments and polymer addiction, in fact, influence the swelling behaviour of bentonite and its response to the cation exchange phenomenon. Chapter 3 – Osmotic and swelling properties of bentonite barriers. In the Paper included in this chapter, titled “COUPLED CHEMICAL-HYDRAULIC-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF BENTONITES”, a theoretical approach has been proposed in order to derive constitutive equations which describe the coupled chemical-hydraulic-mechanical behaviour of bentonite barriers, with the aim to assess their long term performance. The phenomenological parameters that govern the transport of electrolyte solutions through bentonites, i.e. the hydraulic conductivity, the reflection coefficient, which is also called the chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient, and the osmotic effective diffusion coefficient, have been measured through laboratory tests on a natural sodium bentonite The obtained results have been interpreted by assuming that the microscopic deviations of the pore solution state variables from their average values are negligible. In this way, it is possible to interpret the macroscopic behaviour on the basis of the physical and chemical properties of the bentonite mineralogical components. At the end of the chapter two further chemico-osmotic tests are described aimed at analysing (1) the osmotic behaviour of calcium bentonite and (2) the effects induced on osmotic behaviour by stress-strain properties. Moreover, the osmotic results are confronted with data from literature. Finally, the design of a new osmotic apparatus to measure both the swelling pressure and the reflection coefficient is proposed. Chapter 4 – Hydrocarbon containment performances of natural and polymer-modified bentonite barriers. Background information on hydrocarbon behaviour in soils is reported in the first part of this chapter. In particular, the effects of capillary forces on the distribution of immiscible fluids in porous media and the theoretical aspects, regarding the formation of tactoids induced by the low dielectric constant that characterizes the most of hydrocarbon species, are studied. An experimental study is presented in the Paper titled “HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF GCLS WITH DIESEL OIL AND POLYMER TREATMENT PROPOSAL”, which is aimed at evaluating the hydraulic performance of a needle-punched GCL using both standard liquids (i.e. de-ionized water) and diesel oil in order to estimate the change in hydraulic conductivity and swelling ability upon contact or permeation with hydrocarbons. Moreover, the hydraulic conductivity to diesel oil of GCL samples saturated at different initial gravimetric water contents was investigated with the aim to analyse the effect of initial water saturation on hydrocarbon containment performances. Finally, the swelling and hydraulic performances to diesel oil of an innovative material, obtained by mixing sodium bentonite with a polymer, were measured. Chapter 5 – Containment performances of a bentonite-based barrier constituted of municipal solid waste bottom ashes. The research described in the Paper included in this chapter, titled “REUSE OF MSWI BOTTOM ASH MIXED WITH NATURAL SODIUM BENTONITE AS LANDFILL COVER MATERIAL” has the aim of evaluating the reuse of incinerator slag, mixed with sodium bentonite, for landfill capping system components. A chemical, hydraulic and mechanical characterization was performed on pure bottom ash (BA) samples from an incinerator in the North of Italy and on the BA-bentonite mixture. This study qualifies the BA-bentonite mixture as a suitable material for landfill cover in Italy. Moreover, owing to the low release of toxic compounds from BA, the proposed cover system does not affect the leachate quality in the landfill. Chapter 6 – Finite difference modelling of diffusive flux of Calcium through a bentonite barrier in in-situ conditions. The evidence of the strong degradation induced in the hydraulic performances of sodium bentonite barriers by the cation exchange phenomenon has been highlighted in the previous chapters. This experimental result underlines the need to study the transitional development of the cation exchange phenomenon with the aim to compare that to the period in which landfill barrier performances have to be guaranteed in in-situ conditions. The mathematical study developed in this chapter is focused on the evaluation of the role of the diffusive component of Calcium flux in the cation exchange phenomenon which can develop in a sodium bentonite barrier, placed in an environment inexorably rich in chemical compounds containing soluble Calcium (i.e. the natural soil, the aquifer, the drainage layer saturated with waste leachate or raining water).

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BATTISTA, FEDERICO. "Optimization of the Anaerobic Digestion from Olive Oil Production's wastes." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2591371.

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The aim of this thesis is the optimization of the anaerobic digestion of wastes derived from olive oil production, which represent one important economic sector of all the Mediterranean Countries. The main byproducts of this activity are the semi-solid Olive Pomace (OP), characterized by low pH, high content of organic matter and in particular of ligno-cellulosic materials, and a liquid one, the Olive Mill Waste Water (OMWW) which have a dark color, low pH and high content of polyphenolic substances. Because their features, these wastes are very polluting and not recommended with the traditional methods, which consists essentially to dispose on the soil with the consequent alteration of the chemical characteristics of the ground and the possibility to contaminate the groundwater. For these reasons anaerobic digestion represents the most sustainable method to treat these wastes, which permits the production of a gas rich in methane and a stabilized sludge poor in organic matter, the digestate usable as fertilizer. A first test, conducted in laboratory scale (about 100 ml) was made in order to evaluate the biogas production from a 10% w/w mixture composed by OP and OMWW. The biogas production was very low (0.22 NL/L) and consequentially the efficiency of process resulted of 0.3%. The high poly-phenols content in the OMWW are responsible of the inhibition of the methanogenic bacteria activity and owing the lignocelluloses nature of the largest organic structures determined the low biodegradability of the OP and OMWW. The first part of the thesis’ work consisted in the identification of the effects of chemical and physical pretreatments by AD fermentation tests in order to evaluate the biogas and methane production, abatement of the organic matter and reduction of the lag phase of 133 pretreated OP and OMWW to score the best one. In addition, considering that AD is aimed to produce energy, operational energy costs to perform the pretreatments were investigated, based on the consumption of direct energy (heat and electricity) as well as the indirect energy spent to produce the chemicals used. To this aim an Energy Sustainability Index (ESI) were introduced and applied to select the most efficient pretreatment method from an energy sustainability perspective. The simply dilution of OP with tap water (WP) has a beneficial effect in the anaerobic digestion, improving over 57 times the energy production respect to un-treated waste (NP). However considering the CH4 production, the best pretreatments resulted to be the CaCO3, FeCl3 addition and the ultrasonic pretreatment, which had an efficacy of 108, the highest among the tested pretreatment processes. Between the three best pretreatments the addition of 5g/L of CaCO3 to the reaction medium, resulted the only one able to give a positive energy balance between the energy obtained and that spent, due to the low energy required for the CaCO3 production. The CaCO3 pretreatment permits to pass from an efficiency of 0.3% to about 21%. After the identification of the CaCO3 addition as the best pretreatment, a test including the same OP- OMWW mixture with 5 g/L of CaCO3 has been conducted in a CSTR reactor having a volume of 2 Liters. Since the beginning of the prove, it was evident a problem with the mixing system due to a elevate value of the mixture’s viscosity, 160- 200 cP. The Rushton impeller resulted totally unable to guarantee an homogenous mixing of the reactor medium. In fact, the Rushton impeller can give a boost to the fluid only in a radial direction, resulting to be inefficient along the axial one and not able to guarante the circulation of the solid present in the feed, derived mainly from the breaking of the olive seeds during the olive oil production’s process. To improve the mixing of the reaction medium, four different impellers were tested:  Pelton Impeller;  Rushton impeller with six 45° inclined blades;  Marine Impeller with 3 blades;  Anchor Impeller. The best performances were obtained with the marine and the anchor impellers. The first is designed to guarantee mainly an axial movement to the fermenting fluid, which, at constant rpm, results to be superior than the Rushton with inclined blades. it guarantees also a radial movement to the reaction medium, which consents to involve in the mixing all 134 the reactor volume. Conversely, the optimal performances of the test conducted with the anchor impeller can be explained observing the presence of a well mixed region in the superior part of the reactor where anchor impeller was located, for the effect of the tangential movement given to the fluid, and a less agitated, but no stagnant, part in the inferior part of the reactor. This more quiet zone resulted ideal for the methanogenic bacteria’ conditions which do not tolerate intense mechanical stress derived from the impeller rotation. In this way their growth, reproduction and metabolism activity was favored with a consequent increasing of the methane production. An ulterior attempt to increase the efficiency of the AD process consisted in the simultaneous experimentation of the two best impellers (the marine and the anchor) with the two stage AD configuration, based on the separation into two interconnected steps, of the two distinctly different groups of bacteria (acidogens and methanogens), in order to maximize their growth by maintaining optimum conditions in each step for each particular group of bacteria. The two stage configuration resulted advantageous only for the AD conducted with the marine impeller using a reactor with a semi spherical bottom to improve the solids circulation. In this test the efficiency passed from 22.64% (mono-stage) to 30.24% (two stage configuration) with an improvement of rhe efficacy (η) of 1.34 times. Conversely, the two stage has worsened the efficiency of the AD with the anchor impeller whose efficiency dropped down from over 33% to 17.5%, which corresponds to η = 0.52. The marine impeller, in fact, gives an axial boots to the reaction medium which permits to the gas bubbles to leave the reaction volume, preventing the inhibition of the reactions involved in the AD. The semi-spherical bottom of the reactor also had a beneficial effect on the AD, permitting a better homogenization of the biomass and of the substrates into the reaction medium. Conversely, the anchor impeller which give a strong radial impulse and only a gentle axial movement to the reaction medium. This configuration gives a behavior, which can be similar to an UASB reactor, permits the growth, the reproduction and the activity of the methanogenic microorganisms which are not disturbed by strong mechanical stress transmitted by the mixing system. Although this good aspect, the quasi stagnant region does not consent the complete degassing of the hydrogen gas in the first acidogenic phase from the reaction medium. On the contrary the anchor impeller has not any impact on the mono-stage configuration where the biogas is formed essentially by methane, but has a strong inhibiting effect on the two stage configuration where the formed hydrogen is a reaction intermediate products. Lastly, a continuous test has been conducted using a pilot reactor having a working volume 135 of 1,800 liters. The olive oil production’s wastes were fed with milk whey, a byproduct form dairy activity. The codigestion was conducted in mesophilic conditions and had a duration of 75 days. The system reached a stationary condition with a biogas production of 1.4 L/L and a methane content of 70-75% v/v. This gas flow has an energetic annual potential of 55 GJ. Taking in account that Puglia’ s annual energetic consumption is of 375,000 GJ (Piano Energetico Ambientale Regionale – Regione Puglia, 2004), the anaerobic digestion of olive oil and dairy’s waste is able to cover the 0.015% of the regional energetic demand.

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Wåhlin, Erik. "Dosimetric pre-treatment verification with an electronic portal imaging device." Thesis, Stockholm University, Medical Radiation Physics (together with KI), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7216.

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A commercially available amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging device (EPID) was studied with regard to its dosimetric properties and to determine its usefulness as a tool for dosimetric pre-treatment verification of radiotherapy treatment fields. The dosimetric properties that were studied include reproducibility over time, linearity with dose, dose rate dependence and ghosting effects. The pre-treatment verification is performed by acquiring dosimetric images with the EPID and comparing these images with predicted images, calculated by the treatment planning system. This method for verification was evaluated. Also, the calibration and configuration of the treatment planning system and of the EPID for dosimetric verification was performed and is presented here.

The dosimetric properties of the EPID were found to be suitable for the measurements for which it is intended. It is linear with dose and does not show significant dose rate dependence or ghosting effects. As a pre-treatment verification system it is accurate within 3% and 3mm for ~99% of a region around the irradiated area of the image.

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Sjölin, Malin. "Mechanical and chemical chip pre-treatment in mechanical pulp production." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15169.

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The mechanical pulping industry has been developing throughout the years, due to competitive prices in the electricity market and good accessibility of wood. This has made it possible for such and “expensive” process to further develop. Today, with increasing electricity prizes, it is of great interest to reduce electrical consumption in mechanical pulping industry, since the process consumes large amounts of electricity. Braviken paper mill is starting up a new thermomechanical pulping line, scheduled for start-up in August 2008, which aims to reduce electrical consumption. The new line will include chip pre-treatment equipment such as an impregnator, an Andrtiz Impressafiner (Screw press), a high intensity primary stage refines double disc (DD), and a new low consistency refiner (LC), significantly bigger than those earlier available on the market. This master´s thesis is one out of three Master´s thesis made at Braviken paper mill during spring 2008. They all are connected, and are investigating the possibility to reduce electric energy consumption within TMP production. Master´s thesis concerning high consistency refining was done by Dino Muhic, “High consistency refining of mechanical pulps during varying refining conditions”, and low consistency refining written by Fredrik Johansson “Increased energy efficiency in low consistency refining”.

Chip pre-treatment is to be used to reduce electrical consumption. Mechanical pre-treatment, such as using an Andrtiz Impressafiner demolishes the chips while also making it possible to impregnate the chips with chemicals, the later giving additional possibilities to reduce electricity consumption. Chemical chip pre-treatment decreases the lignin softening temperature, which benefits the refining process, yielding longer and less damaged fibers that will create a fibrous pulp with reduced electrical energy input.The goal for this study was to investigate the effect of alkaline-peroxide on chip pre-treatment by using a design of experiment method, in terms of electric energy consumption for the process, strength properties, opacity and ISO-brightness within the pulp/sheets. The trials were built up as a factorial experiment, with two factors, alkaline and peroxide, with two levels each (high and low). The high level for alkaline was 15 kg/t and 10 kg/t for the low level, and the high level for peroxide was 10 kg/t and 5 kg/t for the low level. This resulted in four trials with two zero-points, and two reference pulps, one normal TMP, thermomechanical pulp, and the other TMP with pressafiner and water.

The trials showed that adding alkaline-peroxide clearly had an impact on pulp properties, such as increased strength properties, fiber length improvements and less shives could be found in the alkaline-peroxide treated pulps. The yield was highest for the normal TMP, about 99% and it decreased with increasing alkaline addition, the lowest value was achieved for the pulps containing the highest dose of alkaline, about 95%. The optical properties were more or less as expected. Opacity had the highest value for the pulps that had been made from chips with the highest total alkaline level. The ISO brightness was highest for pulps containing low level of alkaline. It could not be decided if the electricity demand had been reduced for the chemically treated pulps; it actually had the opposite effect as expected. The chemically treated pulps demanded a higher SEC, specific energy consumption, compared to the reference pulps. This result could have depended on the small pilot plant high consistency refiners at CTP, Centre technique du papier, Grenoble, France, due to the plate size and what kind of plats that were used. To do trials like this and to be able to draw correct conclusions relevant for a full scale plant, bigger refiners might give a more comparable result. It was clear that the fiber properties had improved, which could be the key to reduce electricity when LE- (low-energy) plates are used in the HC-refiner. A higher intensity could be used and electricity energy could be saved.

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Earla, Janaki Ram Prasad. "Assessment of the Effect of Cancer and its Treatment on PET Scan F-18 Tracer Distribution in Pre- and Post-treatment and its Relation to Myocardial Tissue Uptake." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1125072033.

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Books on the topic "Physical pre-treatment"

Hergenroeder, Albert C., and Rebecca A. Demorest, eds. AM:STARs: Sports Medicine and Sports Injuries, Vol. 26, No. 1. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109481.

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With more than 30 million US children and teenagers participating in both recreational and team sports, the adolescent physician is faced with many medical, parental and community questions and concerns regarding diagnosis, treatment and prevention of youth sports injuries. This issue provides the adolescent physician with comprehensive, practical and up-to-date information regarding diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic sports injuries, sports concussion, the pre-participation physical evaluation (PPE), mental health concerns, the female athlete, bone health, nutrition, travel, performance enhancing substances, injury rehabilitation, the role of the team physician and injury prevention in youth sports. Contents in Sports Medicine and Sports Injuries include Being a Team Doctor Preparticipation Physical Evaluation Concussion in Teenage Athletes Musculoskeletal Injuries Not to Miss in Teens Overuse and Overtraining Injuries in Teenage Athletes Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Young Athletes The Female Athlete Triad: Energy Deficiency, Physiologic Consequences, and Treatment The Adolescent Dancer: Common Medical Concerns and Relevant Anticipatory Guidance Mental Health and Pressures in Teen Sports Performance-Enhancing Substances Extreme Sports and the Adolescent Athlete

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Hogg, Jenny. Delirium. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0040.

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Delirium (acute confusional state) is a common condition affecting between ten and thirty percent of a general hospital inpatient population. The diagnosis is suspected when there is an acute onset of confusion in the presence of a physical precipitant. Pre-existing dementia, advancing age, previous delirium and increasing illness severity favour the development of delirium. The diagnosis of delirium is solely clinical and can be quickly arrived at using assessment tools such as the cognitive Assessment Method (CAM). Historical perspectives, diagnosis, the use of assessment tools, differential diagnosis, communication with patients and relatives, prevention, prognosis, and treatment are discussed in this chapter, along with the pathophysiology of this common condition

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Felquer, Laura Acosta, and Enrique R. Soriano. Approach to management and symptomatic (including non-pharmacologic) management of psoriatic arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0027.

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Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogenous disease with multiple manifestations and comorbidities, and requires a collaborative management with other specialists. The major symptoms bordering patients are pain stiffness, and swelling, but fatigue, depression, embarrassment and fear are frequent and not always assessed by treating physicians. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local glucocorticosteroid injections remain important treatment options that should be used, although with caution, in the appropriate patient. Since the pre-biologic era, physical therapy has been part of non-pharmacological treatment in patients with rheumatic disease. Unfortunately there is little evidence of the efficacy of rehabilitation in PsA with no study with high grade of evidence. Surgery should be reserved for advanced cases as the new paradigms in the treatment of PsA (early diagnosis and treatment, remission as an objective, and treat to target), would very probably reduce the already low number of patients that need this last treatment option. In PsA patients surgery outcomes are similar to those of surgical management of other forms of arthritis. Symptomatic and non-pharmacologic management of PsA remain as important adjuvants of PsA treatment, although with little evidence.

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Harris, Sally S., and Steven J. Anderson, eds. Care of the Young Athlete. 2nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581104233.

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New 2nd edition of this best-selling, award-winning resource gives you an easy-to-use, one-stop guide to all aspects of childhood sports preparation, participation, and injury treatment. The newly enhanced and updated 2nd edition covers safety and risk-management considerations; procedural how-to’s for the pre-participation physical evaluation; the latest treatment recommendations on proper nutrition for athletes; proven injury prevention guidelines; and detailed treatments for dozens of injuries. Topics have been selected to reflect the health and safety issues most likely to be encountered by primary care practitioners. Numerous color photos and illustrations bring the authoritative text to life. The 2nd edition includes all-new chapters on nutrition and weight control, performance-enhancing substances, risks of injury during sports participation, and acute and overuse shoulder injuries. Important new findings on issues specific to the female athlete, a new bonus signs and symptoms poster, and patient education handouts are available through a password-protected Web site.

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Quinn, Tom, and Eva Swahn. The intensive cardiac care unit team. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0011.

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Effective, safe health care is a multidisciplinary undertaking. From its inception, half a century ago, the concept of intensive coronary (now cardiac) care has drawn on the expertise of a range of professionals, particularly physicians working closely with nurses. As the evidence base for some aspects of the intensive cardiac care unit care has developed, the intensive cardiac care unit, in some instances, has striking similarities to the general intensive care unit, while paradoxically traditional intensive cardiac care unit functions have been devolved to other parts of the health care system such as the emergency department or pre-hospital care, and the concept of critical care ‘outreach’ has been further developed to take the expertise to patients on the general ward or even in the pre-hospital phase. With more intensive treatment policies for older people becoming the norm, the range of multi-comorbidities to be addressed by the clinical team requires input from a range of other specialties. Moreover, the increasing complexity of diagnostic and interventional techniques requires close collaboration with laboratory and imaging personnel. Thus, the intensive cardiac care unit team arguably extends beyond staff working solely within the physical structure of the intensive cardiac care unit to encompass a range of other professional and support staff, both within and outside the hospital setting.

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Quinn, Tom, and Eva Swahn. The intensive cardiac care unit team. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0011_update_001.

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Forfar, Colin. Diagnosis and investigation in suspected heart disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0087.

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The past 20 years have seen significant changes in both the demographics and natural history of many cardiovascular diseases. Important reductions in case-fatality rates (such as in acute coronary syndromes) have resulted from improved diagnostics and treatment options and better understanding of natural history. For others (such as infective endocarditis), improvements have been limited and disappointing. While advances in therapy and the scientific evidence underpinning treatments have been crucial, the importance of accurate diagnosis has remained a key element for progress. Many of the principles needed for diagnosis are constant: the pre-eminence of a focused, accurate history, complete physical examination, and timely and relevant investigation endures. It is essential to have a secure knowledge of the strengths and limitations of interpretation of a frequently bewildering array of tests. Progress in this field has been rapid; advances in ultrasound, scintigraphy, and cardiac magnetic resonance stand out at the interface between structure and function central to good patient care.

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Jones, Mohamedu F. Formative case law and litigation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0003.

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The presence of comprehensive correctional mental health treatment programs and services in any given jail or prison is often due to successful class action litigation. This chapter reviews the legal and constitutional background for correctional mental health care in the United States and addresses many of the critical ways these courts impact policy and care delivery on a daily basis. Several court decisions have shaped modern correctional mental health care delivery. Officials are obligated under the Eighth Amendment to provide convicted prisoners with adequate medical care, which extends to mental health treatment. Pre-trial detainees also have a right to adequate physical and mental health care under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution). Since the Supreme Court proclaimed that inmates have a constitutional right to adequate health care, much has been written about the controlling decisions, their implications and applications by courts, and their implementation in correctional systems. There are, however, discrete issues related to mental health care in corrections that patients and providers in prisons and jails contend with daily that may not yet be resolved as matters of constitutional law. Case law and litigation are driving innovation in standards of care and enhancing the quality of correctional mental health. These reforms are gaining acceptance as preferred and expected standards of correctional mental health care in jails and prisons, and may reflect the present day ‘evolving standard of decency,’ becoming touchstones of constitutionally adequate care across systems.

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Jones, Mohamedu F. Formative case law and litigation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0003_update_001.

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Csete, Joanne, Rick Lines, and Ralf Jürgens. Drug Use and Prison. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses protections of the health-related rights of prisoners that are encoded in widely ratified human rights instruments and in guidelines for which there is broad international consensus. People who use drugs while detained or incarcerated, however, rarely enjoy the standard of care to which they are entitled, which includes HIV prevention activities and other services that are available in the community. In some countries, people accused of minor drug infractions may be detained for long periods in centers that purport to provide treatment for drug dependence but are effectively labor camps that do not provide health care and where “patients” face physical abuse and denial of due process. There is an urgent need to establish and scale up health services for people who use drugs in custodial environments, with independent monitoring of the existence and quality of care and measures to ensure that health professionals working with people who use drugs in prison and pre-trial detention can work without interference. More important, however, drug dependence and minor drug infractions that often accompany it should be managed through health and social services rather than criminal sanctions. Reducing the use of prison and pretrial detention as a response to drug use and minor possession may be the most important measure for respecting, protecting and fulfilling the health-related rights of people who use drugs. Compulsory “treatment” centers should be closed in favor of humane care provided in the community.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physical pre-treatment"

Trzcinski, Antoine Prota. "Physical Pre-Treatment of Sludge." In Advanced Biological, Physical, and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge, 117–52. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429437960-8.

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Roy, Shyamal. "Physical Pretreatments." In Pre-Treatment Methods of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production, 6–12. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003203414-2.

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Trzcinski, Antoine Prota. "Thermal/Chemical Pre-Treatment of Sludge." In Advanced Biological, Physical, and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge, 113–16. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429437960-7.

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Trzcinski, Antoine Prota. "Combination of Ultrasound and Thermal Pre-Treatments." In Advanced Biological, Physical, and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge, 153–70. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429437960-9.

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Trzcinski, Antoine Prota. "Comparison of the Effects of Ultrasonication, Ultrasonication-Ozonation and Ultrasonication-Alkaline Pre-Treatments of Sludge in Continuous Anaerobic Process." In Advanced Biological, Physical, and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge, 235–44. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429437960-13.

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Bashir, Mohammed J. K., Nurazim Ibrahim, Muhd Nazmi Ismail, and Muhammad Azan Tamar Jaya. "Physical Treatment Technologies for Landfill Leachate." In Waste Management, 717–53. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch034.

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Landfill leachate is a refractory wastewater and highly polluted with heterogeneous materials which is harmful to the environment and living organisms. Thus, leachate requires efficient treatment system to ensure the quality of final discharge is within the standard limit. Moreover the treatment process must be cost effective in order to be accepted. Many treatment processes were examined for leachate treatment including biological, chemical and physical process. This chapter discuss the treatability of leachate using physical processes such as evaporation, flotation, adsorption, membrane, ultrasonication, air stripping. It can be concluded that physical processes are not recommended to stand alone for leachate treatment. Nevertheless, adsorption and membrane technologies are very effective for post treatment of leachate. Aeration, sedimentation, evaporation, and sonication can be used effectively as pre-treatment processes.

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"Pre-operative assessment." In Emergencies in Respiratory Medicine, edited by Robert Parker, Catherine Thomas, and Lesley Bennett, 297–300. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199202447.003.0049.

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Pre-operative assessment 298 A thorough pre-operative assessment includes taking a history, performing a physical examination, studying clinic letters and previous anaesthetic charts, and collating investigation results. The information gathered enables the physician to quantify peri-operative risks (e.g. respiratory, cardiac, etc) and allows optimization of the patient's treatment and planning of management options. Risks can then be discussed with the patient for best possible informed consent....

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Kwiatkowski, L., M. Grobelny, H. Pokhmurska, A. Wank, B. Wielage, and W. Kalita. "Improvement to the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys by physical and chemical surface treatment." In Innovative Pre-Treatment Techniques to Prevent Corrosion of Metallic Surfaces, 184–200. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845693688.184.

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Tomachuk, C. R., D. B. Mitton, F. Bellucci, and J. Springer. "Electrochemical behaviour of Mo, MoTi and MoNb thin films obtained by physical vapour deposition." In Innovative Pre-Treatment Techniques to Prevent Corrosion of Metallic Surfaces, 201–16. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845693688.201.

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Kwiatkowski, L. "Improvement to the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys by physical and chemical surface treatment." In Innovative Pre-treatment Techniques to Prevent Corrosion of Metallic Surfaces (EFC 54). CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439824139.ch15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Physical pre-treatment"

Ekici, Gamze, Ulku Sayin, Hulya Aydin, Mesut Isik, Sevinc Kapan, Ahmet Demir, Birol Engin, et al. "The importance of pre-annealing treatment for ESR dating of mollusc shells: A key study for İsmil in Konya closed Basin/Turkey." In TURKISH PHYSICAL SOCIETY 33RD INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CONGRESS (TPS33). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5026005.

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Ven, Anne L. van de, Shifalika Tangutoori, Paige Baldwin, Ju Qiao, Codi Gharagouzloo, Nina Seitzer, John Clohessy, et al. "Abstract B48: Prostate cancer pre-treatment with nanoformulated Olaparib overcomes radiation resistance." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Engineering and Physical Sciences in Oncology; June 25-28, 2016; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.epso16-b48.

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Lara, Édipo Giovani França, Selene Elifio Esposito, and José Claudio Casali da Rocha. "IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AND BODY COMPOSITION OF WOMEN AFTER BREAST CANCER TREATMENT." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2013.

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Introduction: Much has been discussed about benefits of physical exercise in women who have ended breast cancer treatment, which includes not only the improvement of their quality of life but also a remarkable decreased risk of recurrence. To achieve these benefits, it is important that the parameters for prescribing and monitoring physical activity for this population are well defined, as well as the evaluation of factors that may interfere with the results and the adherence to physical exercises. Objectives: To assess the impact of physical exercise on physical fitness and body composition in women who have ended breast cancer curative treatment and to evaluate the impact of physical exercise on women with binge eating disorder. Methods: This prospective study included 107 women between 18 and 60 years of age shortly after the end of their curative treatment for breast cancer (surgery and/or chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy). The participants, after signing the informed consent form, were motivated to do aerobic exercises, localized muscular strength/resistance, and flexibility exercises. Intervention consisted of sets of physical exercises prescribed to all participants by a physical educator in progressive intensities and volumes over the months, according to their adaptive responses, considering individual capabilities and limitations. All participants were evaluated at entrance for cardiovascular morbidities and oriented how to exercise by their own at their homes. Evaluations including body composition, VO2max, and localized muscle resistance were performed at pre-intervention (basal), after 6 and 9 months of intervention. Results: A total of 78 (72.8%) women adhered to the training program, and 29 (27.2%) chose not to adhere. After 9 months of regular and individualized intervention, adherent women showed significantly better results in all variables of body composition and physical fitness: body mass (-4.38±3.67 kg; p0.05), as well as it was not influenced by breast cancer characteristics (e.g., histology, stage, and molecular subtypes) or treatment (i.e., mastectomy, axillary surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy; p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that individualized programs of self-training sets of physical exercises, remotely guided by a physical education professional, could improve the body composition and physical fitness of women in surveillance after breast cancer, regardless of the history of breast cancer or treatment, showing that it is possible to reduce risk factors associated with breast cancer recurrence and to contribute to a better quality of life for these women.

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Ishmuratova, M. Yu, D. V. Ageev, and D. S. Baigarayev. "Using of physical methods for increasing germination of seed of Salvia stepposa (Lamiaceae)." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-155.

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The article presents the results of studying the effects of physical methods (magnetic field irradiation, bubbling), on the germination rate and energy of germination of Salvia stepposa seeds after storage for 1.5 years. The obtained results show that the seeds viability indices have increased reliably when irradiated with a single magnetic field for 3 days and bubbling for 24 hours. Bubbling is recognized as the best physical method of pre-treatment for Salvia stepposa seeds.

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Fisher, Nicholas, Marc Lehmann, Steve Brunt, and Mark Gloyn. "Selection of a Flocculant to Assist in Divalent Cation Removal in a MEG Pre-Treatment Process." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31690-ms.

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Abstract When monoethylene glycol (MEG) is used to provide hydrate protection for gas condensate production, MEG pre-treatment, reconcentration and reclamation systems are generally employed to recover and reuse the MEG. Prior to reconcentration, low solubility salts of divalent cations such as calcium, iron, strontium and magnesium, that may be present in the Rich MEG, are removed in a MEG pre-treatment process. This process involves the addition of a base, such as NaOH or KOH, to the Rich MEG at elevated temperatures to convert dissolved carbon dioxide to carbonate ions and so precipitate the cations, as their respective insoluble carbonate or hydroxide salts. When enough residence time is available within the process these precipitated salts are removed from the Rich MEG stream through physical separation. For onshore based MEG systems, this is usually accomplished via settling tanks. However, in offshore systems the residence time for crystallization and settling becomes limited due to vessel sizes imposed by facility space limitations so precipitated salts are actively removed using mechanical equipment such as centrifuges. Centrifuges are only effective when crystals reach threshold particle sizes. Contaminants in MEG such as dissolved hydrocarbons and magnesium ions can inhibit crystal growth of calcium and iron carbonate. This study details the development of testing methodologies to screen chemistries to assist in particle agglomeration and led to the identification of a promising class of chemistries that could be applied in MEG Pre-treatment for the flocculation of cation salts.

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Brinthan, K., S. Shivadhahini, UAG Senadheera, and WAM Fernando. "Experimental Investigation and Performance Optimisation of Washing Cycles for Pre-processing of Coal Fly Ash." In International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment. Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2022.11.

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Coal Fly Ash (CFA), a by-product of thermal power plant combustion, has a profound focus among researchers due to its pozzolanic properties, porosity, wide chemical composition, and thermal stability. While being suitable for many applications (e.g., pozzolanic material, soil stabiliser, and structural fill), CFA is also a potential precursor for synthesising zeolites, broadly used in wastewater treatment. However, pre-processing is crucial due to the heterogeneous nature of CFA. This work focused on pre-processing CFA prior to wastewater treatment through continuous washing cycles at various operating temperatures. To this end, we studied the pH and conductivity of the solution after washing over multiple cycles, Sauter mean diameter, and the mineralogy of the settled CFA. The gathered results were analysed and optimised through response surface methodology. This was done to find the best combination of the number of washing cycles and temperature to remove soluble ions and increase the surface area of CFA particles. The analytical outcome revealed that five washing cycles at 70°C were adequate, with minimal soluble ions and maximum surface area. Evidently, these findings demonstrated significant improvements in the physical and chemical properties of CFA as a precursor for zeolite synthesis. Therefore, we recommend further studies on this front to extend the effective usage of CFA for the synthesis of commercial zeolites to be used for wastewater treatment.

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Zheng, Chengsi, Qingnan Fei, Weihai Kong, and Zhibin Ai. "Effect of Pre-Strain and Aging Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior for 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in 6% FeCl3 Solution." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93244.

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Abstract A 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) was pre-stretched to 5% and subsequently aged at 850 °C for 0–120 minutes, to explore the effects of pre-strain and aging treatment on the corrosion behavior of the DSS in 6% FeCl3 solution at 50 °C for 72 hours. The microstructure, hardness and corrosion behavior of the pre-strained and aged DSS were investigated based on statistical data and physical metallurgy in comparison with the counterparts without pre-strain. The results showed that the sigma (σ) phase precipitated firstly in δ-ferrite grain boundaries and then in δ-ferrite/γ-austenite (δ/γ) phases boundaries by consuming the volume fraction of δ-ferrite. The volume fraction of σ phase in the DSS with and without pre-strain increased with increasing aging times following a classical Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) relationship, and the kinetics of the precipitation of σ phase was accelerated by pre-strain throughout the aging time of 60–120 min. The hardness of the non-pre-strained DSS (NP-DSS) was lower than that of pre-strained DSS (P-DSS) throughout 0–120 min at 850 °C. The hardness of NP-DSS increased continuously with increasing aging time, and the hardness of P-DSS decreased firstly and then increased continuously with increasing aging time. The aged NP-DSS displayed a gradually serious pitting with increasing aging time, and the corresponding corrosion behavior of the aged P-DSS exhibited pitting firstly and then mainly cracking, and the pitting occurred in the vicinity of δ/σ and γ/σ boundaries.

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Murčinková, Zuzana, and Jaromír Murčinko. "Coating as Micro-Structural System." In 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrset.2019.11.783.

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The paper provides the application of nanostructured TiAlN and nanocomposite structured TiAlSiN coatings on step drills. The analyses proved that the obtained tool lives are different despite the fact that the same tool geometry, coating, and PVD (physical vapour deposition) technology are used. This disproportion was experimentally tested focusing on surface condition using the pre and post treatment and on the chemical and structural coating composition.

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Toscano, José Jean de Oliveira, Kettury Maria da Silva Barros, Amaro Wellington da Silva, Naira Sabrina Ferreira da Costa, Vicente de Paulo Silva Moreira, Carlos Alencar Souza Alves Júnior, and Diego Augusto dos Santos Silva. "CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE IN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS UNDER A PHYSICAL EXERCISE PROGRAM." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2080.

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Objective: The main aim of this study was to verify chronic and acute alterations in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in breast cancer survivors undergoing a physical exercise program. Methodology: In a reference hospital for cancer treatment in the city of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, a total of 24 female breast cancer survivors, 56.8 (±7.7) years old, underwent a physical exercise program. Their blood pressure was supervised through digital blood pressure monitors for the wrist, before and after the exercise sessions. To make comparisons in each session — pre- and post-exercise — the paired sample t-test analysis was applied. For the chronic effect analyses, the analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA RM) was used to identify the possible differences in SBP and DBP variables, pre-exercise, throughout the 15 training sessions. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: Except for the fourth and sixth sessions, it was established that the SBP levels decreased in all sessions after they were completed (p≤0.05). For DBP, there was a significant decrease only after the first three exercise sessions. Regarding chronic effects, there was a mean reduction in SBP values at rest, throughout the sessions, with a hypotensive effect above 70% from the seventh session on (p≤0.05). Regarding DBP, differences in the DBP values at rest were enhanced from the tenth session onward, with a hypotensive effect above 94%. By comparing the beginning of the program with the last session, a difference in SBP and DBP, of -9.0 and -5.5 mmHg, respectively (p<0.01), was identified. Conclusion: Those survivors who joined the physical exercise program showed a chronic and acute decrease in both SBP and DBP levels.

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Dimitrova, Evgeniya, and Faton Daci. "COMPARISON OF TWO PHYSIOTHERAPY METHODS IN PATIENTS WITH SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/150.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Shoulder impingement syndrome is the most common diagnosis of shoulder dysfunction. Physical therapy has been found to be effective in reducing pain and disability in these patients. Methodology: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two physical therapy interventions in the treatment of primary shoulder impingement syndrome: 1) supervised exercise only, and 2) supervised exercise with manual therapy techniques. Thirty-six subjects diagnosed with primary shoulder impingement were randomly assigned to one of these two groups. Physiotherapy protocol involved twelve treatment sessions over a 6-weeks period. Participants in the exercise-only group performed exercises focusing on strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizing musculature, stretching to decrease capsular tightness, and patient education on proper posture. Participants in the exercise with the manual therapy group received the standard exercise protocol with the addition of joint mobilization and manual muscle techniques. Main outcome measures included 24-hour pain (Visual Analogue Scale – VAS), shoulder active range of motion (AROM), and shoulder function (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index – SPADI). Results: The statistical analyses were carried out using an SPSS package. Repeated-measures analyses indicated significant decreases in pain, improved function, and increases in AROM. Univariate analyses on the change from pre- to post-treatment for each dependent variable found statistically significant differences (α ≤ .05) between the two groups. The Manual therapy group had a higher level of change from pre- to post-treatment on pain measures (VAS), SPADI, and AROM, in comparison with the Exercise therapy group. Conclusions: This study suggests that performing manual therapy techniques in combination with a supervised exercise program may result in a greater decrease in pain and improved function although studies with larger samples are needed.

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