Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physical performance indicators'
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Hayselden, Kirsten Jacqui-Anne. "Physical characteristics as performance indicators in surfing." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/662.
Full textSamir, Kousay. "Key Performance Indicators in Cyber-Physical Production Systems." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217866.
Full textNarmontas, Antanas. "A. Sabonio krepšinio mokyklos krepšininkų koordinacijos rodiklių sąsajos su fizinio parengtumo ir žaidybinės veiklos rodikliais." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100527_115225-20570.
Full textSpecific basketball game play conditions require special athletes’ coordination. While playing basketball flair of rhythm coordination, spatial orientation and movement coordination are very essential (Ljach, 1995.) Common coordination flairs have reasonably been studied widely and differently (Hirtz and others, 1988; Starosta & Hirtz, 1990; Katinas, 1999) but flairs of these peculiarities of basketball players haven’t been analyzed that much. Coordination flairs according age aspect were studied even less. Considering age phase peculiarities of basketball players, importance of physical qualification to the performance and already accomplished research, the scientific problem is relevant: interaction of coordination flairs together with other indicators of physical qualification and performance rate. Research objective – investigate basketball players’ interaction of coordination flairs together with other indicators of physical qualification and performance rate of A. Sabonis Basketball School. Tasks: to determine physical qualification of A. Sabonis Basketball School’s basketball players’ to determine coordination flairs of A. Sabonis Basketball School’s basketball players’ and to determine their interaction with the indicators of physical qualification, as well as to determine the interaction of coordination flairs with the indicators of performance rate of A. Sabonis Basketball School’s basketball players‘. We have tested basketball players of A. Sabonis Basketball... [to full text]
Souza, Junior Armando Araújo de. "Distribuição física de produtos : uma proposta de monitoramento do nível de serviço." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2005. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3491.
Full textThe present work has as objective to present a proposal for monitoring of the service level to systems of physical distribution of products that seeks to bring improvements to the delivery process of the companies that act in the beverages segment. By means of an extensive literature review and of the case study accomplished in a company of beverage segment, it became possible to map all distribution process and identify the variables that affect it s performance, concentrating the monitor on the indicators of costs, productivity, use of resources, efficiency and route come back. Regarding that physical distribution of products absorbs significant portion of the budget expenses of the organizations, this activity has occupied a prominence paper in the logistics problems of the companies. That is due, on a side, to the growing cost of the capital (financial cost), that forces the companies to reduce the stocks and the handling activity, transports and distribution of your products beyond own competition. The model was applied and it presented satisfactory results that allowed the company to identify, measure, analyze, improve and control the level service of your distribution system. The proposal contemplates a systematic accompaniment of the indicators and its performance, along the year of 2004 and, with possibility of definitions or revision of the goals as well as the comparison with other periods.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de monitoramento do nível de serviço para sistemas de distribuição física de produtos que vise trazer melhorias ao processo de entrega das empresas que atuam no segmento de bebidas. Mediante extensa revisão de literatura e do estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa do segmento de bebidas, tornou-se possível mapear todo o processo de distribuição e identificar as variáveis que afetam o seu desempenho, concentrando o monitoramento nos indicadores de custos, produtividade, utilização de recursos, eficiência e retorno de rota. Considerando que a distribuição física de produtos absorve parcela significativa do orçamento de despesas das organizações, essa atividade passou a ocupar um papel de destaque nos problemas logísticos das empresas. Isso se deve, de um lado, ao custo crescente do capital (custo financeiro), que força as empresas a reduzir os estoques e a agilizar o manuseio, transporte e distribuição de seus produtos além da própria concorrência. O modelo foi aplicado e apresentou resultados satisfatórios que permitiram a empresa identificar, medir, analisar, melhorar e controlar o nível de serviço de seu sistema de distribuição. A proposta contempla um acompanhamento sistemático dos indicadores e seus resultados, ao longo do ano de 2004 e, com possibilidade de definições ou revisão das metas bem como a comparação com outros períodos.
Silva, Josimar Oliveira. "Proposta de indicador de longevidade da concessão de serviço público de transmissão de energia elétrica, na perspectiva da sustentabilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-20032013-145651/.
Full textOver the past 20 years, the model of public service concessions in Brazil, has evolved considerably, especially in the electricity sector, and the transmission segment of electricity. The existing regulatory framework has sought to ensure the proper provision of the service through the performance evaluation of the service provided by public or private, in view of product quality and continuity of service or availability to the user. Concomitantly, emerged and developed rapidly and globally, the concept of sustainability, in which \"sustainable development should meet the needs of present generation without compromising the needs of future generations\" (World Commission on Environment and Development - WCED) comprising essentially three economic, social and environmental (concept of Triple Bottom Line - 3BL), allowing you to capture the impact of corporate activities and organizations by means of indicators defined for each of the three dimensions. Still, in this context, new techniques of strategic planning and performance management were developed, based on indicators, notably the Theory of Stakeholders. Additionally, the various methods of economic evaluation and financial statement of companies have also made a movement of international convergence, especially for application of risk analysis and assessment of value added, using the cash flow of the expected benefits, including the period perpetuity or the residual value or terminal value, and international accounting standards (IFRIC 12), which alters the structure of asset composition, since the standard does not permit the recognition of infrastructure related to the granting of fixed assets in utilities, currently common practice in Brazil. In this context, this paper proposes the formulation of a new indicator for the provision of public electric power transmission, from the systematic information in the Grid Procedures of the Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS) for the different performance indicators established for the operation and maintenance of electric power transmission, to facilitate monitoring of the management of physical assets, the contractual requirements of current conservation and appropriate service, by assessing the loss or gain in life expectancy of the components or the functions transmission, from a certain age, ie, an indicator of longevity of the physical assets of the granting of electric power transmission. Furthermore, this same indicator of longevity can be used in assessing the value of perpetuity (estimated terminal value) of companies or by the traditional method of projection of cash flows discounted perpetuity or for the simple approach of comparative life expectancy of the end of the concession of public service providers.
Wapi, Cwayita. "Effects of feeding Moringa Oleifera leaf meal as an additive on growth performance of chicken, physico-chemical shelf-life indicators, fatty acid profiles and lipid oxidation of broiler meat." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007546.
Full textliao, kuei-feng, and 廖貴鋒. "The Study of Physical Education Learning Performance Indicators in Elementary and High School." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52245910644777751186.
Full text國立臺灣師範大學
體育研究所
90
The purpose of this study was to produce a set of physical education learning performance indicators for elementary and high schools in Taiwan. The physical education learning performance indicators would be used as criteria for judging and improving physical education teaching quality and as guidelines for education reform. In order to develop the physical education learning performance indicators, this study expected firstly to explore: (1) the conceptions of learning performance indicators, (2) Analysis the physical education objectives and content in several countries, (3) Review the functions and components of learning performance indicators and learning standards and (4) group decision-making methods for developing learning performance indicators. Secondly, the Delphi technique was employed to collect various views and aggregate consensus from a panel of 15 experts, consisting of educational scholars, principals, physical educators, and leaders of non-official education and business management institutes. An initial inventory of learning performance indicators was compiled from the above literature review and panel discussion. A three-round Delphi was conducted to rate the importance of the learning performance indicators, and all participants completed and returned their questionnaires in each round. A set of 50 important academic indicators was selected on the basis of aforementioned study procedures. These learning performance indicators were divided into five categories including: cognitive, motor skill, social behavior, exercise habit, and physical fitness. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.The physical education learning performance indicators could be used as an effective means of evaluation of students learning levels. 2.The construct of the physical education learning performance indicators should focus on both objective and evaluation system. 3.The adoption of Delphi technique in establishing the physical education learning performance indicators is helpful in accumulating different opinions and forming consensus. 4.The established of physical education learning performance indicators from a panel of experts which to aggregate consensus, were proved to be highly feasible. Finally, this study recommends some suggestions for applying the physical education learning performance indicators and provides suggestions for the references of related authorities and further research.
Cheng, Yung-heng, and 程傭恆. "A Study on Constructing Key Performance Indicators for Physical Therapists in Teaching Hospital." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92082694775993948210.
Full text雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
99
This research aimed to establish a measure for performance appraisal for physical therapists (PT) in hospital setting. Based on the knowledge derived from literature review, standards of the new hospital accreditation, and interview with clinical experts, a pretest questionnaire was first developed. Sixteen experts from clinical and academic settings were recruited in order to reform the questionnaire using modified Delphi Technique. Performance indicators were added, removed, or adjusted according to the responses collected from the recruited experts. Through repeating process of compiling responses and revising the questionnaire, the final framework of performance appraisal was established when the experts reached consensus. Afterward, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to determine the weighting system and relative importance of each indicator. At beginning, the pretest questionnaire consisted of 35 performance indicators that can be categorized into four dimensions. Five clinical experts were invited to provide their opinions and suggestions on revising the pretest questionnaire. Those five respondents demonstrated high agreement on the pretest questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.887). In order to conduct modified Delphi Technique, questionnaires were distributed twice to 16 experts and response rates were both reached 100 percent. Through the process of modified Delphi Technique, 30 important indicators (M>3.75) within four dimensions that reached consensus (SD<1) was kept in the performance appraisal measure. Sixteen questionnaires for AHP then distributed to the experts team. The response rate for the AHP questionnaire was 93.75% and the effective rate was 80%. After AHP analysis, five most weighted performance indicators were honesty and fair (10.9%), worksite ethics (8.8%), organizational identification (7%), work coordinated in team (5.4%), and responsibility (5.2%). Managers in medical department should consider the characteristics of health profession and current condition of medical industry to adjust performance indicators. Meanwhile, feedback from subordinators should be taken into account in order to promote two-way communication. As result, this research developed a practical and objective measure for PT performance appraisal. This measure can also provide a foundation for communication between PT manager and subordinators.
Tang, Hsiu chih, and 湯秀枝. "A Study of Performance Indicators for Sustainable Management of Physical Education Classes in High Schools." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38928105120239970932.
Full text中臺科技大學
文教事業經營研究所
102
Abstract The purpose of the study was to explore the key factors of the performance indicators for the sustainable management of physical education classes in high schools in Taichung City. Interviews with experts and questionnaires survey were used in the study. Participants were selected from group leaders, teachers, and specialized coaches of physical education in high schools. The researcher developed the Questionnaire Survey on the Performance Indicators for Sustainable Management of Physical Education Classes to collect data for constructing the weight of operating system to assess performance indicators. Based on the data analyses, the main conclusions of study are listed as follows: 1. The performance indicators for the sustainable management of physical classes are classified into research themes, 5 focus dimensions, and 17 performance indicators which are relevant to and consistent with the current evaluation project of PE classes. 2. In terms of the overall weight of operating system, among the 5 focus dimensions of sustainable management, teachers are the most influential factor, followed by students. Professional and humanized teachers who are responsible for the recruitment and care of students have significant effects on the sustainable management of PE classes. 3. Among the 17 performance indicators, professional teachers are ranked first for the overall weight value influencing the sustainable management of PE classes, followed by student admission, continuing studies and job access, school equipment and facilities, and then involvement in physical education. These indicators demonstrate that successful management of PE classes not only needs hard and soft ware, but also needs supports from the administrative organizations and schools; and then the turning point of sustainable management of PE classes will be seen. 4. Performance indicators will be more objective and more efficient through the way of quantity and standardization with the quantified value between 0 and 1. The weight value of five focus dimensions is different from that of items in the current evaluation project. Therefore, the findings of the study may be used for reference to review evaluation performance in the future.
Hsu, Chen-te, and 徐振德. "The Pursuit of Excellence: A Study for the Construction of Physical Education Performance Indicators for Higher Education Institutions in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sgm2xe.
Full text國立中山大學
教育研究所
102
Pursuit of excellence is a goal in the development of higher education institutions; hence, “university ranking” has recently become a critical reference for each university’s recruitment policies and institutional development. Having reviewed various indicators for university ranking and discipline ranking, “physical education &; sports” was seldomly cited. As a matter of fact, university ranking compares not only excellence of academic studies, physical education development facilities and environment, students’ sports culture, physical education activities and performance have been considered the key constituent conditions to attract future students and for the goal of all-person education. Based upon the assertion above, the research developed a series of indicators for the assessment of so-called “physical education performance”, which are both objective and easy to be manipulated. The methodology of the research was Fuzzy Delphi method to conduct the survey of the PE administrators in most higher education institutions in Taiwan and then triangular fuzzy numbers and deviations among different background of the interviewees had been calculated. The results of the research are as follows: 1. 5 different dimensions and their weights are: sports facilities resources(11.60 %), PE promotion resources(34.45 %), PE teaching staff resources(21.22 %), PE activity performance(22.22 %), sports contest performance(10.51 %) have been concluded after statistical analyses. 2. 9 indicators and their weights are: Average sports space for each student(11.60 %), PE administrative structure(11.81 %), whether PE achievement included as one of conditions for graduation(11.00 %), number of years for mandatory PE courses(11.64 %), teacher-student ratio for full-time PE teaching staff(11.08 %), academic performance for full-time PE teaching staff(10.14 %), number of college’s promotion activities for PE and their attendance(11.73 %), proportion of students involved with sports clubs(10.49 %), college’s achievement in the intermural sport contests and nationwide college sport contest(10.51 %). 3. Private higher education institutions favors PE achievement as graduation conditions than public ones. 4. “The Berlin Principle on Ranking of Higher Education Institutions” is suitable for constructing the university rankings indicators in self-testing for future research. Based on the conclusions of the research, the researchers hope to conduct the data-collecting survey along the indicators above in order to pave the way for the betterment of university ranking system in Taiwan in the near future.
Czeczinkar, Martin. "Zastoupení vybraných obecných a speciálních tréninkových ukazatelů v RTC u vybraného florbalového týmu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348611.
Full textGuimarães, Serafim Miguel de Sousa Barreto. "Patient reported outcome measures in chronic kidney disease: analysis of self-reported indicators of experiencing chronic disease." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/27993.
Full textHá frequentemente uma discrepância entre os dados clínicos, incluindo análises laboratoriais, e a experiência de se estar doente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi procurar indicadores-chave de desempenho de doença para além dos dados numéricos habituais. Como modelo de investigação, utilizamos a Doença Renal Crónica (DRC). Esses indicadores devem traduzir a experiência de viver com a doença e serem sensíveis às decisões médicas, para que possam ser alvo de intervenção. No capítulo 2, é feita uma contextualização da DRC, apresentando-se uma extensa lista dos indicadores que actualmente orientam as decisões dos médicos. No capítulo 3, faz-se uma abordagem geral das doenças crónicas, destacando modelos de gestão da doença crónica. Alguns indicadores actualmente usados também são referidos. O trabalho experimental é apresentado no capítulo 4. A nossa hipótese baseou-se num modelo conceptual que postulava que uma determinada medida de resultados autorelatados pelos doentes (PROM: Patient Reported Outcome Measures) seria adequada para uso diário em contexto clínico se tivesse uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre os preditores (variáveis demográficas, índices de comorbilidade, estimativas de Taxa de Filtração Glomerular - TFGe - e eventos adversos do ano anterior) e os resultados (morte, diálise, hospitalizações e idas ao serviço de urgência), servindo assim como indicador de bem-estar. Realizámos um estudo observacional, tendo recrutado 60 doentes renais crónicos que responderam a vários questionários de PROM: “Short Physical Performance Battery” (SPPB), “World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule” (WHODAS), “Satisfaction With Life Scale” (SWLS) e “Kidney Disease Quality of Life” (KDQoL). O período de acompanhamento foi de 24 meses. Finalmente, estudámos a relevância dos resultados para os doentes. Para isso, foi-lhes pedido que classificassem seis desfechos, de acordo com o que acham que deveria ser a prioridade do seu médico (“evitar a morte”, “evitar a diálise”, “evitar o agravamento dos exames laboratoriais”, “evitar a deterioração do seu estado geral”, “evitar internamentos hospitalares” e “evitar idas ao serviço de urgência”). Os resultados permitiram concluir que: 1) O SPPB previu morte, diálise e hospitalizações. 2) O WHODAS previu morte e diálise. 3) O domínio Função Física do KDQoL previu morte e hospitalizações. 4) O domínio Saúde Mental do KDQoL previu morte. 5) O domínio Energia/vitalidade do KDQoL previu hospitalizações. 6) O domínio físico do KDQoL previu diálise. 7) Domínio de Saúde Mental do KDQoL previu hospitalizações e idas ao serviço de urgência. 8) Os domínios Dor, Função Social e Saúde Geral do KDQoL, bem como o SWLS não foram úteis na previsão de nenhum dos resultados propostos. 9) A fórmula de Cockcroft-Gault (CG) para calcular a TFGe é a única que previu a morte. 10) Todas as fórmulas de cálculo da TFGe previram o início da diálise. 11) Apenas a fórmula de CG pôde prever a pontuação de algumas escalas do PROM: SPPB, domínio da Função Física do KDQoL e WHODAS. 12) Ambas as escalas de comorbilidade de Charlson (de 1987 e 2011) são úteis para a predição dos resultados estudados: a primeira prevê mortes e internamentos hospitalares, enquanto a segunda prediz morte, diálise, hospitalizações e idas ao serviço de urgência. 13) A principal prioridade dos doentes é que a principal preocupação do seu médico seja “evitar a morte”, enquanto as opções “evitar diálise” e “evitar o agravamento dos exames laboratoriais” vêm a seguir, empatadas. 14) Os doentes classificaram as opções “evitar hospitalização” e “evitar episódios de urgência” nos últimos lugares, depois de todas as demais. Finalmente, 15) O modelo conceptual proposto permitiu identificar oito possibilidades diferentes de relação entre preditores, PROM e resultados. Quatro deles mostraram ter utilidade clínica. São necessários estudos longitudinais com PROM para reforçar o seu papel no consultório e na enfermaria, e também na gestão da doença.
Programa Doutoral em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde
Franc, Jan. "Analýza tréninkového procesu Martina Jakše v letech 2010 - 2016." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353256.
Full textКолесніченко, Максим Віталійович. "Баскетбол у системі фізичного виховання студентів закладу вищої освіти." Магістерська робота, 2021. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/5889.
Full textUA : Кваліфікаційна робота – 60 сторінок, 7 таблиць, 9 рисунків, 72 літературних джерела. Мета дослідження – дослідити вплив занять баскетболом на показники здоров’я студентів закладу вищої освіти. Об’єктом даного дослідження є зміст навчально-тренувальні заняття з баскетбол в умовах спортивної секції вищого навчального закладу. Методи дослідження – аналіз та узагальнення літературних джерел за темою дослідження; педагогічні спостереження; оцінка функціональних показників; оцінка соматичного здоров’я; оцінка фізичної роботоздатності; оцінка спеціальної фізичної підготовленості; методи математичної статистики. Результати дослідження свідчать про ефективність ігрових видів спорту, зокрема засобів баскетболу для юнаків 17-18 років, що сприяли підвищенню рівня їхнього функціонального стану. Заняття з баскетболу позитивно вплинули на функціональні показники юнаків, сприяли підвищенню рівня їхнього соматичного здоров’я та рівня фізичної працездатності та спеціальної фізичної підготовленості. Наприкінці навчального року достовірних зрушень у показниках, що характеризують стан серцево-судинної та дихальної системи не відбулося, проте всі показники покращилися, відповідали віковій нормі. Середньостатистичні величини юнаків усіх показників фізичного здоров’я помітно змістилися у бік переходу до більш високого рівня. Достовірні зміни відбулися за показниками фізичної працездатності юнаків (PWC170 та МСК). Також достовірних змін зазнали показники спеціальної фізичної підготовленості.
EN : Qualification work – 60 pages, 7 tables, 9 figures, 72 literary sources. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of basketball on the health of students in higher education. The object of this study is the content of training sessions in basketball in the sports section of higher education. Research methods – analysis and generalization of literature sources on the research topic; pedagogical observations; assessment of functional indicators; somatic health assessment; assessment of physical performance; assessment of special physical fitness; methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the study indicate the effectiveness of game sports, in particular basketball for young people aged 17-18, which helped to increase the level of their functional state. Basketball classes had a positive effect on the functional performance of young people, helped to improve their physical health and the level of physical performance and special physical fitness. At the end of the school year, there were no significant changes in the indicators characterizing the state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, but all indicators improved and corresponded to the age norm. The average values of young people of all physical health indicators have shifted significantly towards the transition to a higher level. Significant changes occurred in the indicators of physical fitness of young people. Indicators of special physical fitness also underwent significant changes.
HSU, PI-SHENG, and 許碧升. "Study on Interrelationship between Physician Point of View on Performance Indicators of "National Health Insurance Family Physician Program" and Evaluation Results –Take Participants of the Program in Kao-ping Branch as Examples." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97813232999037406104.
Full text高雄醫學大學
公共衛生學研究所碩士在職專班
92
Objective: The study is to conduct a preliminary research on "National Health Insurance pilot project of family physician integrated healthcare program" (NHI Family Physician Program).Issues deliberated include:(1)To understand the perspectives of participant physicians on program performance indicators (2) To study on the change medical utilization of enrolled healthcare members at primary stage of the program (3)To analysis outcomes of the patient taken care of by different physicians at the primary stage. Method: The participants of this study include the physicians in Kao-ping area in year 2003,applicant physicians in year 2004, and 6,687 healthcare family members enrolled in the program over 6 months. Semi-open structure surveys with 37 indicators are used to evaluate physician perspectives on program performance indicators (including structure indicators, process indicators, and outcome indicators). A focus group seminar is held to collect expert opinions. In order to understand the change of medical utilization of outpatient service of enrolled healthcare family members at primary stage of the program, paired t test is implemented on the secondary data from Bureau of NHI which is collected within 6 months after the program started. Result: I.On program performance indicators in the aspects of structure and process, primary physicians tend to agree with the evaluations based on collaboration ability of cooperative hospital and interaction ability among primary physicians in a group. In the aspect of outcome, primary physicians tend to agree with the evaluations based on patient outcome of hypertension and asthma. II.The appropriate performance indicators for current stage summaried in the focus group seminar include:the interaction condition among cooperative partners in community healthcare group,the continuing medical education,the enrollment rate of healthcare family members (of special age groups or with chronic diseases),the examination rate of preventive healthcare services, and the regular medical visit rate. III.For 6,687 healthcare family members enrolled in the program over 6 months, their outpatient visit rates, outpatient medical expenditures, medical visit rates outside their community healthcare groups are all lowered to an extent of statistic significance. Conclusion: In examining the outpatient service utilization at primary stage of the program, the goal “to decrease waste of medical resources and to reasonably contain medical expenditures” stated in the announcement of NHI Family Physician Program in year 2003 could be achieved by the healthcare family members enrolled in the program. However the target medical visit rate outside designated community healthcare group still tend to be too high (the target rate is to decrease by 10%, but the actual rate is only 1.28%). Suggestion: In view of the results derived from primary stage of the program,in the current stage the policy executives should continue to encourage primary physicians to join the program.It is important for them to appreciate pragmatic physician perspectives and to increase negotiating flexibility to attract physicians with appropriate characteristics. At primary stage of the program,the performance should be evaluated based on the indicators that fall within primary physician capacity and achievable commitment. Thereupon the patient-centered healthcare climate will gradually be established.