Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physical fitness – Measurement'
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Rorke, Stafford Conroy. "The contribution of psychogenic factors limiting prolonged work performed at different relative intensities." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004772.
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This study investigated the physiological and psychological limitations to prolonged work performed at different relative intensities, through the use of an eclectic integrative methodology. Ten young male caucasian subjects (mean V0₂ max. 60,0 ml.kg⁻¹.min⁻¹ ± 7,9) were randomly exposed to treadmill runs at each of four relative intensities, namely 55%, 65%, 75% and 85% of V0₂ maximum, with the instruction to run to the point of subjective discomfort at which they were no longer willing to continue. Physiological measures of oxygen consumption (V0₂), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (R) , minute ventilation volume (Vi), breathing frequency (Vf), tidal volume (Vt) and psychological measures of Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Perceived Thermal Comfo·rt (PTC), Perceived Pain and Perceived Fatigue were recorded throughout the protocol. The relative intensity was held constant by slight decreases in treadmill speed as subjects fatigued, and through feedback from an on-line oxygen consumption computer-aided data acquisition system. Significant increases in both physiological and psychological measures occurred with increases in relative intensity (p<0,05). HR and Vf increased overtime (p<0,05) whilst Rand Vt decreased over time (p < 0,05) . All psychological ratings increased in intensity over time (p < 0,05). Mean endurance times to exhaustion were 243 minutes ± 70 at 55% relative intensity, 159 minutes ±37 at 65%, 96 minutes ±25 at 75 % and 23 minutes +- 8 at 85%, being within the range reported by earlier researchers . A regression equation for prediction of endurance time given a known relative intensity was developed for this sample: % V0₂ max. = 117,8 + (-10,6 x LN (time)) (where r = -0,91) Convergence rankings indicate the greater contribution of local factors in the overall gestalt of perceived exertion, pain and fatigue, with biomechanical limitations to prolonged work (running) strongly implicated . High inter correlations between psychological rating scales suggest the use of the scale considered most applicable to the task at hand and the psychological response measure required. A coefficient of multiple correlation of 0,94 established the close interrelationship amongst the physiological and psychological parameters measured. Pre- and post-test Fatigue Cluster Analysis questionnaires indicated that the most important clusters contributing toward the sensation of fatigue and subsequent decision to cease activity were Task Aversion and General Fatigue (r = 0,96), followed by Leg Fatigue and Thirst. Motivation, the task at hand and an attainable goal appear to be important considerations in prolonged work performance. Relative intensity appears a valid tool for use in prolonged work studies due to its high predictive capacity for endurance performance times (r=-0,91). It is concluded that workloads considerably below 55% of maximal aerobic capacity are indicated as acceptable workloads for an 8 hour working day.
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Pochobradsky, Pavel. "Computerized system for time-motion analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26306.
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Regular participation in sports is a common practice among the general population. For cardiovascular fitness, the frequency, duration, intensity and mode of the activity must be appropriate for the individual to benefit from the activity. The benefits for cardiovascular fitness are questionable in sports involving high intensity intermittent exercise of short duration. In the past, the procedures for determination of the heart rate and the time-motion characteristics of an activity were cumbersome and time consuming, thus making application to sports an inconvenience. The purpose of this project was to develop a computer based system for matching heart rate data with time-motion characteristics. The system was tested using ice hockey and squash. Subjects were observed during activity. The heart rate data during the activity were collected using a Polar Vantage XL Heart Rate monitor set to record heart rate values in 5-second intervals. The duration and type of activity were entered in the computer in real time using a coding system. Program combined the time-motion analysis with the heart rates that were downloaded from the Polar heart rate monitor. The results were summarized as follows: (1) total time at each intensity level, (2) mean duration at each intensity level, and (3) mean heart rate at each intensity level. Output from the computer program was similar to manual calculations.
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Leung, Kam-wa. "The measurement of physical activity in Hong Kong secondary school students /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23426937.
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Nustad, Jill K. "Changes in aerobic capacity following an endurance training program as a function of age." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774742.
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The recent American college of Sports Medicine Position Stand concerning the quantity and quality of exercise for developing cardiovascular fitness (1) suggests a need for more information concerning the rate of improvement in aerobic power as a function of age. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to assess whether the change in maximal oxygen uptake (AVO2max) following endurance training varies as a function of age. Subjects were healthy men (N=277) and women (N=161), ranging in age from 20-72 years, who completed an endurance training program (= 3-5 months) between 1972 and 1987. The standard training stimulus consisted of individualized aerobic exercise (walking, walk-jog, or jogging) at about 75-85% maximal heart rate reserve for = 30-60 minutes, 3-4 sessions per week. A description of the %OVO2max expressed in relative and absolute terms, ± SEE are presented below.Variable20-29 yrs30-39 yrs40-49 yrs50-59 yrs60-69 yrsM 9/6AV02max ml•kg-1-min-'17.1 ± 13.220.0 ± 11.817.3 ± 13.319.5 ± 13.719.8 ± 9.1M%%OV02maxLmin-112.6 ± 10.616.0 ± 11.514.7 ± 11.616.6 ± 15.116.2 ± 9.8F °/oA VO2max mlkg''•min-'16.3 ± 9.022.5 ± 13.119.0 ± 10.917.6 ± 13.415.4 ± 6.8F%OV02maxL.min-'15.2±12.321.7±12.716.6±11.515.7±13.411.9±9.8N=Men women)20(17)87(54)112(51)46(30)12(9)A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between age and %OVO2max in both relative and absolute units, after adjusting for other parameters known to effect the training response. After adjusting for pre-training VO2max.(ml-kg-1-min-1) there was a significant negative correlation between OVO2max and age in both men (r = -0.31, p < 0.01) and women(r = -0.37, p < 0.01). When expressed as %OVO2max (L•min-1), the resultsrevealed the same age trend as that observed for the relative unit. Since the AVO2max after =3-5 months of training decreased as a function of age, this study supported the contention that training adaptations may be attenuated with increased age.School of Physical Education
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Olivier, Stephen Chris. "Physiological and psychophysical factors in the rating of perceived exertion during uphill overground and treadmill running." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015769.
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The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences between the field and laboratory ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) when the performance and physiological measures for the two conditions were equated. Furthermore, the interactive effects of local, central and overall RPE were examined. Finally, the question of the potential effects of attitudes on RPE was addressed. Eleven well-conditioned adult male marathon runners voluntarily participated in the study. After a period of treadmill habituation, biographical and anthropometric data were collected. This was followed by a VO₂ max test and a speed-matching session at 70% of VO₂ max to determine overground running speed at 3.8% and 7. 5% grade. Subjects then completed an attitudinal questionnaire and ran 4km overground. Finally, the above test was repeated on the treadmill, with the gradient and running speed of the overground condition being replicated. Physiological measures and differentiated RPE were obtained during the final two sessions. There were no physical environmental, task characteristic or performance differences between the overground and treadmill conditions. No heart rate or VO₂ differences were observed between the two conditions, but VE was significantly elevated in the laboratory. Local and overall RPE were significantly higher in the laboratory than in the field, but there was no difference for central RPE. Attitudes were more favourable towards the field than towards the laboratory work task. The results suggest that neither heart rate nor VO₂ are major factors directly influencing the perception of exertion. VE however appears to be a potent central signal mediating RPE. The results also indicate that local factors play a more important role in the perception of exertion than was previously thought. Attitudes towards a work task could possibly mediate the self-reports of exertion. The findings of this study also suggest that RPE are influenced by cognition to a large degree. Finally, environmental cues, or the ambience of a particular working environment, can exert a substantial influence on RPE. Direct perceptual translations from laboratory to field situations may therefore be invalid.
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Hargens, Trent A. "Reliability of the double product break point measurement." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129627.
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The double product break point (DPBP) has been shown to occur in normal and cardiac subjects with values comparable to the ventilatory threshold (VT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intramodal and intermodal reliability of DPBP measurements during treadmill (TM) and cycle ergometry (C) exercise and to compare the DPBP to the VT. Seventeen subjects, (eight men and nine women) ages 18-60 (31.5 ± 12.4 yrs), performed four maximal exercise tests, two utilizing a standardized ramp treadmill and two utilizing an individualized ramp cycle protocol. A minimum of 48 hours separated each test. Double product (DP) was measured every 15 seconds during each test via the Kyokko Bussan CM-4001 automated blood pressure unit. Breath by breath analysis of gas exchange measurements were performed. The DPBP and VT was determined visually by three blinded observers (acceptance criteria being at least 2 observers agreeing within 10%). There were no significant intramodal differences in the V02 at the DPBP (ml'kg'1'min 1) for the two treadmill trials (23.8 + 4.9, 23.2 ±5.0) or for the two cycle trials (21.7 +7.2, 21.7 ±6.4). There was also no significant mean intermodal difference in the V02 at the DPBP for the treadmill and cycle (24.4 + 4.4, 23.1 + 5.8). Intramodal intraclass correlations for the DPBP were 0.84 and 0.79 for the treadmill and cycle, respectively. Intermodal intraclass correlation for the DPBP was 0.85. There were significant differences between the DPBP and the VT for both the treadmill (23.3 + 4.7, 28.2 ± 5.3)and the cycle (22.1 + 7.1, 27.5 ± 10.4). Correlations for the DPBP/VT comparison were 0.43 and 0.78 for the treadmill and cycle, respectively. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that DPBP measurements are reliable both intramodally and intermodally, however due to a wide range in correlations, the results suggest that the DPBP and VT are not occurring at similar V02 values.School of Physical Education
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Lagerros, Ylva Trolle. "Physical activity from the epidemiological perspective - measurement issues and health effects /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-681-6/.
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Leung, Kam-wa, and 梁錦華. "The measurement of physical activity in Hong Kong secondary school students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257288.
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Learnihan, Vincent B. "The physical environment as an influence of walking in the neighbourhood : objective measurement and validation." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0033.
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Over the last decade, there has been rapid growth in research into the influence of the physical environment on physical activity. Previously, individual and social factors dominated research into the influences of physical activity. This new area of study has been built on the understanding that the physical environment may create an opportunity or a barrier to engagement in physical activity behaviours (Sallis & Owen, 1997). This research develops objectively measured features of the physical environment in order to investigate relationships with walking behaviour. Public health research of this nature is still at a preliminary stage, although research expertise outside of public health including transportation, urban planning and geographic information science has much to contribute to this emerging field. This study investigated walking in the neighbourhood in a sample of adults residing in Perth, Western Australia. Objective measurement of the physical environment using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was conducted including measurement of street connectivity, residential density, land use mix and retail floor area ratio at three different geographic scales (suburb, census collection district, 15 minute walk from a survey participants home). These measures were then combined into an index known as a walkability index and validated against survey participant reported data on walking within the neighbourhood using binary logistic regression. Among other findings, the evidence presented shows that depending on which geographic scale the physical environment is measured at and what type of walking in the neighbourhood is reported, the strength of relationship varies between an objectively measured walkability index and walking behaviour in the neighbourhood. These findings highlight the need to differentiate between walking for transport and walking for recreation, health and exercise when investigating the relationship between physical activity and the environment. These findings also show the importance of geographic scale of measurement in the relationship between physical activity and the physical environment, and the need for current high quality geographic data in this type of research.
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Wehrli, Kenneth Wayne. "Evaluation of a shallow water running test for the estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935935.
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The direct measurement of maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max) has always been the benchmark for the determination of Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, the time and expense of that type of testing does not lend itself to students in activity classes or adult fitness participants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of a 500 yard shallow water run test in determining CRF. A commonly used field test, the 1.5 mile run, was used as a basis for comparison during the 500 yard water run. Subjects in this study included 15 men and 28 women that completed a 1.5 mile run and a 500 yard shallow water run as well as a graded exercise test to fatigue on a treadmill. Correlations between 1.5 mile runs and the 500 yard shallow water run and VO2 peak were -.89 and -.80 respectively. In addition to simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to significantly improve the prediction of CRF (p<0.05). Peak HR during the 1.5 mile run significantly improved the 1.5 mile run prediction of CRF (R2=0.78 to 0.82) with a reduction in SEE (3.95 to 3.52 ml/kg/min) from the simple regression alone. Percent body fat and subject height improved the 500 yard shallow water runs prediction of CRF (R2=0.62 to 0.86) with a reduction in SEE (5.14 to 3.19 ml/kg/min). In conclusion the 500 yard shallow water run can be used to accurately predict CRF and with the addition of percent body fat and height provide a better prediction of CRF.School of Physical Education
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Denton, Sarah Jane. "Determinants, measurement and promotion of physical activity in 10-14 year-old Bedfordshire children : a multidisciplinary approach." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/271294.
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Regular moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with significant physiological and psychological health benefits (Department of Health, DoH, 2004). However, many children are not undertaking recommended levels of physical activity (PA) (DoH, 2009). This research examined relationships between physiological health parameters, psychological determinants and PA levels in 10-14 year old schoolchildren (N = 249) and assessed the influence of three school-based PA interventions on these constructs in the context of the Health And Physical activity Promotion in Youth (HAPPY) study. Study 1 revealed that sedentary behaviours, moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA) and MVPA levels were higher on weekdays than weekend days (p < .001). However, schoolchildren’s PA is often difficult to measure accurately. The self-report measure utilised in study 2 underestimated total MVPA versus accelerometry for both sexes on weekdays and girls on weekend days (p < .01). However, study 3 highlighted a lack of agreement between two RT3® triaxial accelerometer cut-offs for all activity categories. The importance of VPA for promoting health was highlighted in the updated PA guidelines (DoH, 2011). Study 4 reported that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was positively associated with VPA but not MPA (β = .27, p < .01) and inversely correlated with measures of body composition (% body fat; body mass index; waist circumference) (r = -.74, r = -.60, r = -.39, p < .001). Knowing the health benefits of regular MVPA and VPA, it is important to understand the determinants of PA intentions and behaviours to more effectively promote PA in less active children (studies 5 and 6). An exploratory analysis of the constructs in the Revised Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Modified Social Learning Theory for children predicted PA intentions (R2 = .38, F(5, 171) = 20.19, p < .001; R2 = .13, F(6, 147) = 3.4, p < .01, respectively) but the constructs in either model were unable to predict PA. Recognising the need to promote PA levels, study 7 investigated the effectiveness of three school-based interventions (vs. control) on outcome variables included in studies 1, and 4-6. The Health Education and Psychology Health Promotion conditions produced significant positive change scores between data collection 2 and 3 for CRF (vs. control) whereas the Youth-Led condition produced significant change scores between baseline and data collection 2 for generalised self-efficacy (vs. control). No significant change scores were reported for PA, the RTPB constructs or intentions. In conclusion, this research has emphasised the importance of employing a multidisciplinary approach to aid understanding of schoolchildren’s PA levels. Specific highlights include low weekend day PA as a possible future PA promotion target, although it is vital that accelerometry cut-points are standardised, and the relevance of VPA and body composition in predicting CRF. The psychological models identified some important determinants of PA intentions, but a prominent intention-behaviour gap and a need for more intensive interventions to promote PA levels was apparent.
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Weller, Iris M. R. "The effects of measurement error on the relation between physical activity and cardiovascular disease mortality in the Canada Fitness Survey cohort." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ41337.pdf.
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Anderson, Karin Hilarie. "Childhood obesity : a case study of physical activity patterns of obese 6-10 year olds." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/634.
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Incidence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically within the last 30 years. Childhood obesity is of concern because of the associated health problems, and because childhood obesity often tracks into adulthood. There is a clear association between activity-level and obesity. Therefore, it is important to consider physical activity patterns in the treatment and prevention of childhood obesity. Childhood is a key time period to intervene in the formation of habits and patterns associated with physical activity that may reduce obesity. To date, few studies have focused on the level of examining obese children individually.
This case study focused on the physical activity patterns of 4 obese 6-10 year olds (two boys, two girls). All of the participants were above the 99th percentile for weight and had a body fat percentage exceeding 45%. Lipid profiles of the participants revealed that three of the four had high total cholesterol, indicating an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. All of the participants were close to or exceeded the waist to hip ratio value that indicates very high risk for cardiovascular and related diseases (>0.82 for boys, >0.94 for girls).
Use of the Caltrac accelerometer, KIHD 24-Hour Total Physical Activity Record and System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time revealed that the obese 6-10 year old participants averaged 1.85 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per lunch recess time. When extrapolated, the data revealed that the participants spend less than 20 minutes a day in MVP A. This is less than MVP A norms of children in the same age group. The obese participants were not meeting the current recommendations for 60 minutes or more a day for MVPA.
Furthermore, the activity patterns of the participants differ from those of normal weight children. Although children in general and the participant's tend to choose low level activity over MVP A, the participants spent more than 16.5 hours per day in sedentary physical activity, which is more than their normal weight counterparts (10.4 +/- 0.8).
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Cooper, Stephen-Mark. "Statistical methods for resolving issues relevant to test and measurement reliability and validity in variables related to sport performance and physical fitness." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7393.
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Sport performance is the result of a complex and challenging blend of many factors. Sport coaches and National Goveming Bodies (NGBs) of sport have begun to recognise that the most efficacious way of preparing athletes for competition is one based upon proven scientific methods and not upon trial and error judgements. Such a response flies in the face of much of the coaching folklore that has been passed down through the generations. Indeed, it is not so long ago that most sport coaches would treat the idea of support from a sport scientist with abject cynicism. Today, however, it is far more commonplace for individual athletes and teams of athletes, who aspire towards achieving superior optimal performances, their coaches and NGB advisors, to seek an input from sport scientists so that these athletes can achieve their full potential. The complex blend of component factors necessary for successful sport performance are activity specific, and this has led to the demand for the provision of assessment batteries that have proven specificity within the context of a particular sport. In addition, sport scientists require testing protocols to be duplicated, and for comparable data to be obtained when athletes are tested in different laboratories by different scientists and at different times throughout a preparatory and competitive season (MacDougall and Wenger, l99l). Even when scientists revert to data collection in the field, mainly because of convenience, information gathered about athletes might be less consistent, but it might well be more specific and upon which some key decisions can often be made. Clearly, athletes, their coaches, their NGB advisers and the sport scientists that support them each have concerns over performance enhancement and optimisation. Additionally, sport scientists themselves might well have a personal research agenda. It has to be acknowledged, therefore, that all of these stakeholders have an interest in the quality of the data collected and that these data should be relevant, consistent and accurate.
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McCormack, Gavin Robert. "Modelling the relationship between the built environment and psychosocial correlates of physical activity behaviour." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0183.
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[Truncated abstract] The main purpose of this research was to conduct a series of studies with the aim of contributing information about methods for measuring and analyzing physical environmental attributes of neighbourhoods and the influence of these attributes on specific types of physical activity behaviour. Furthermore, this research examined the moderating affect of the objective physical environment on the relationship between cognitions and physical activity behaviours and the mediating role of the cognitions on the associations between the objective physical environment and physical activity. The research included secondary analyses of data collected as part of the Studies of Environmental and Individual Determinants of Physical Activity (SEID1 and SEID2: Corti 1998; Pikora 2003) and the Physical Activity in Localities and Community Environments study (PLACE: Leslie et al. 2005a; Leslie et al. 2005b). Demographic, cognitive, social and behavioural data from the baseline and follow-up surveys from SEID1 (Corti 1998), and objectively measured built environmental data from SEID2 (Pikora 2003) were analyzed. ... A stronger association between frequency of past trying and recreational walking was also found for respondents residing in neighbourhoods with more recreational destinations (β = 0.11), compared with fewer destinations (β = 0.00). These findings show some evidence that the built environment can affect exercise-related cognitions, which in turn influence physical activity. Findings of this and other research (Owen et al. 2000; Humpel et al. 2002; Saelens et al. 2003b; Foster & Hillsdon 2004; McCormack et al. 2004; Owen et al. 2004; Badland & Schofield 2005; Duncan et al. 2005; Heath et al. 2006) support the need to create supportive environments that encourage both recreational and transport-related physical activity. Providing more opportunities and a greater variety of destinations close to home could encourage physical activity participation, and may even assist some individuals to achieve sufficient levels to accrue health benefits. However, additional research is necessary to understand how both the perceived and objectively measured built environment influences physical activity and to provide evidence of temporal causality between environments, cognitions, and physical activity behaviour.
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Isberg, Jenny. "Viljan till fysisk aktivitet en intervention avsedd att stimulera ungdomar att bli fysiskt aktiva /." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-8234.
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毛順貞. "運動諮詢對澳門初中生體適能、身體活動量和營養狀況的影響." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1943971.
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Gunnesson, Linnea, and Anna Zetterlund. "Fysisk aktivitetsnivå, smärtintensitet och funktionsnedsättning hos personer med ländryggssmärta : - En enkätstudie." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Medicinsk vetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28317.
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Bakgrund Ländryggssmärta är mycket vanligt förekommande i västvärlden. Det innebär stort lidande för individen och stora kostnader för samhället. Idag behandlas ryggsmärta med information om att vara aktiv och vid behov rådgivning om smärtstillande läkemedel. Mer kunskap behövs gällande fysisk träning som prevention och behandling av akut- och subakut ländryggssmärta. Syfte Syftet med studien var att, för patienter med akut- och subakut ländryggsmärta, beskriva den fysiska aktivitetsnivån samt eventuella skillnader i smärtintensitet och funktionsnedsättning mellan grupper med olika aktivitetsnivåer. Syftet var även att undersöka samband mellan aktivitetsnivå och smärtintensitet respektive aktivitetsnivå och funktionsnedsättning. Metod Studien var en enkätstudie med tvärsnittsdesign. Deltagarna var 15 patienter, 9 kvinnor och 6 män, medelålder 49,2 år, som sökt vård för akuta eller subakuta ländryggsbesvär till 4 olika primärvårdsenheter. Fysisk aktivitetsnivå skattades via Socialstyrelsens indikatorfrågor för fysisk aktivitet, smärtan med numerisk skattningsskala 0-10 (NRS) och Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) besvarades. Data sammanställdes med deskriptiv statistik, skillnader testades med Mann-Whitney U-test och samband analyserades med Spearmans korrelationskoefficient. Resultat Åtta av 15 deltagare uppnådde Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO) rekommendationer för fysisk aktivitet (> 150 minuter i veckan). De som ägnade sig åt fysisk träning minst 90 minuter per vecka hade medianvärde NRS 5,5 och RMDQ 8, för de som tränade mindre var motsvarande värden NRS 7,5 (p=0,153) och RMDQ 11,5 (p=0,175). Ett svagt negativt samband identifierades mellan NRS (r=-0,316,) och nivå av fysisk aktivitet medans sådant samband mellan RMDQ och fysisk aktivitetsnivå var negligerbart (r=-0,158). Slutsats Det var ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna som tränade minst 90 minuter per vecka och de som tränade mindre gällande varken smärtintensitet eller funktionsnedsättning. Ett svagt negativt men ej statistiskt signifikant samband kan ses mellan fysisk aktivitetsnivå och smärtintensitet.Background Lower back pain is very common in the western world. It results in a great suffering for the person and large economic costs for the society. Today lower back pain is treated with information to stay active and medication for pain relief. There is a lack of knowledge with regards to what effect physical training has as prevention and treatment for acute and subacute lower back pain. Aim The aim of this study was to, among patients with acute and subacute non-specific lower back pain, describe their level of physical activity and evaluate differences between groups with different levels of activity. The aim was also to explore the association between pain intensity, disability and level of physical activity. Method The study was conducted as a survey. The participants was 15 patients, 6 men and 9 women with the mean age of 49,2 years old, who had sought care for acute and subacute lower back pain in 6 different primary care clinics. The level of physical activity were estimated using the indicator questions for physical activity by Socialstyrelsen, the pain intensity was measured with the Numeric Rating Scale and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire was answered. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, differences were tested with Mann-Whitney U-test and correlations analyzed with Spearman correlations coefficient. Results Eight out of 15 participants reached the WHO recommendations of physical activity (> 150 min/week). Those who participated in physical training minimum 90 mins/week had a median value of NRS 5,5 and RMDQ 8. For those who trained less the median values were for NRS 7,5 (p=0,153) and RMDQ 11,5 (p=0,175). A week correlation between NRS (r=-0,136) and level of physical activity was noted while such correlation between RMDQ was negligible (r=-0,158). Conclusion There were no statically significant difference between the groups who trained at least 90 minutes per week and those who trained less neither in regards to pain intensity or disability. A weak but not statistically significant correlation was observed between physical activity and pain intensity.
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Kroff, Jacolene. "The relationship between respiratory muscle fatigue, core stability, kinanthropometric attributes and endurance performance in competitive kayakers." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1079.
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Birtwhistle, Kristen Elizabeth. "An analysis of health related physical fitness measurements and absenteeism of employees participating in worksite wellness program." Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2153.
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Tam, Ka Man. "Application of the social cognitive theory to an electronic activity monitor system-based Physical Activity Intervention for working adults." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/750.
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Adults in Hong Kong show relatively low participation in physical activity. In the wake of technological advancements, it has become necessary to promote physical activity in an innovative approach. To that end, this study aimed to investigate the effect of an application of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) under an eight-week electronic activity monitor system (EAMS)-based intervention on changes in physical activity (PA) as well as its associated SCT constructs of self-efficacy, social support and self-regulation for working adults in Hong Kong. A series of studies were performed: Study 1: In order to assess the validity of the step count output of two popular electronic activity monitor system (EAMS) model, Fitbit Charge HR and Xiaomi Mi Band 2, healthy adult (N=30) worn both EAMS and walked at five predetermined speeds on a treadmill. Two-factor (step x speed) repeated measures ANOVAs was performed to compare the output of devices with manual step count. Result: there was no significant mean difference (p> 0.05) in step count among the Fitbit Charge HR and Mi Band 2 activity monitors and the criterion in all treadmill speeds. Both of them are valid devices for step count in the laboratory setting. Study 2: As to assess the validity of step measurement of Mi Band 2 in the free-living environment, 31 healthy adults were invited for wearing both Mi Band 2 and ActiGraph GT9X Link on their dominant hands wrist for 7 consecutive days. Paired sample t-tests and Pearson correlation were conducted to compare the average steps per day between Mi Band 2 and ActiGraph GT9X Link. Result: there was no significant mean difference (p >0.05) and high positive correlation in step count between the Mi Band 2 and Actigraph. The Mi Band 2 is a valid device for step count in the free-living environment. Study 3: To examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of PA related self-efficacy, self-regulation and social support in Hong Kong Chinese adults. There were 230 healthy adults aged 19-63 years recruited. The factorial validity of the scales was assessed by the Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) while criterion validity was assessed by correlating measured constructs with self-reported PA. The internal consistency and scales test-retest reliability were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient, respectively. Result: indicators of CFA supported the one-factor structure while all PA correlates were significant (p<0.01) associated with self-reported PA. All scales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The results provided psychometric support for using the Chinese version of the scales to measure PA correlates among Hong Kong adults. Main Study: A two-armed randomised controlled trial took place to investigate the effect of an EAMS-SCT intervention on changes in PA and its associated SCT constructs for working adults in Hong Kong. Sixty-four (26 males, 38 females, mean age = 39.98, SD =7.06) participants were stratified based on their job nature and randomly assigned to the control, EAMS only group (n = 33) and the treatment, EAMS-SCT group (n =31) after data screening. Both groups received an EAMS, whereas the EAMS-SCT group received SCT elements in the eight-week intervention, which comprised of one physical activity advisory session conducted by a certified personal trainer and four WhatsApp delivered sessions conducted by the researcher. Outcome measures: Measures of PA (by IPAQ MET score) and SCTs constructs (by the scale of Exercise Self-efficacy, Social Support for Exercise and Physical Activity Self-regulation) of two groups at three times of measurement. 2 x 3 (Group x Time of Measurement) mixed ANOVA and mixed MANOVA were conducted respectively for PA and SCTs constructs for detecting group difference.Results: The interaction effect between different groups (EAMS only and EAMS-SCT) on the participants' score on IPAQ, across three times of measurement (pre-intervention, post-intervention and 4-week follow-up) was significant. The mean IPAQ MET scores of participants in both groups (EAMS only, from 957.64 to 1235.82, EAMS-SCT group from 883.49 to 1420.86) increased and statistically significant difference from its scores than that of the pre-intervention. However, there was no statistically significant difference in IPAQ MET scores between the groups. There was a statistically significant multivariate effect of SCT constructs across the interaction between the groups and time of measurement: F (6, 57) = 7.267, p = .000, with large effect size. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the score of exercise self-efficacy, social support for exercise and physical activity self-regulation from pre- intervention to post-intervention were significantly higher in the EAMS-SCT group. There was no significant difference in the score of physical activity self-regulation between the EAMS only group and the EAMS-SCT group. Meanwhile, there was a significant mean difference in exercise self-efficacy and social support for exercise at Week 8 and social support for exercise at Week 12 between EAMS only and EAMS- SCT group. Conclusion: The participants in the EAMS-SCT group show a significant increase in physical activity level and all three related SCT constructs. Both the EAMS only and the EAMS-SCT groups have an increase in the IPAQ MET score and the score of the scale of physical activity self-regulation after the 8-week intervention. Participants in the EAMS-SCT group exhibit higher scores in the scales of exercise self-efficacy and social support for exercise than participants in the EAMS only group after the 8-week intervention.
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Sandlund, Moa, and Anna Ryhed. "Fysiologiska tester som motivator? : en studie som visar förändring av fysisk kapacitet hos äldre som genomgått fysiologiska tester." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3140.
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Syfte och frågeställningar. Syftet med studien var att hos äldre studera förändring av fysisk kapacitet, i början och i slutet av en tvåmånadersperiod utan ledarledd träning eller rådgivning. Frågeställningarna ser ut som följande: Ses någon förändring av olika kroppsmått och fysiologiska testresultat (kondition, styrka, rörlighet och balans) i början jämfört med i slutet av en åttaveckorsperiod utan ledarledd träning? Hur skiljer sig förändringen mellan för- och eftertester för personer som fått ledarledd träning och rådgivning jämfört med en grupp som inte fått det men genomfört samma fysiologiska tester under motsvarande tidsomfång? Metod. I Testgruppen fullföljde 18 personer (7 män och 11 kvinnor) med en medelålder på 71 (66-78) år. Motsvarande siffror för Träningsgruppen, deltagare i hälsoprojekt vårterminen 2013, var 37 (16 män och 21 kvinnor), 70 (64-84) år. För att kunna mäta och jämföra eventuella förändringar utförde deltagarna två standardiserade förtest innan projektets start och åtta veckor senare ett eftertest varpå det kunde noteras eventuella förändringar utan att deltagarna påverkats mellan testerna med varken fysisk aktivitet, rådgivning eller kosthållning. Dessa resultat kunde sedan jämföras med deltagarna som fått ledarledd träning och rådgivning mellan testerna. Resultat. Både Testgruppen och Träningsgruppen visade en signifikant, om än liten, minskning i midjemått, höftmått och bukhöjd mellan andra förtestet och eftertest, som dock var något mer utpräglad för Träningsgruppen. Styrketester såsom Axelpress, Ryggtest och Buk/höftböjtest påvisade signifikanta förbättringar för Testgruppen, men inte vid benstyrketestet Uppresningar från stol. Träningsgruppen visade signifikanta förbättringar, vanligtvis i liknande omfattning, i alla dessa tester för uthållighetsstyrka, förutom i Buk/höftböjtestet. Konditionstesterna med cykelergometer och pyramidtestet samt balans- och rörlighetstester förbättrades signifikant enbart för Träningsgruppen, men inte för Testgruppen. Procentuella förändringar för de båda grupperna presenteras i arbetet. Slutsats. Slutligen kan konstateras att vissa förbättringar i fysisk kapacitet kan ske genom enbart fysiologiska tester som följs upp efter en tvåmånadersperiod med förnyade mätningar för motiverade relativt friska äldre deltagare. Flera av testerna för styrka, 6-minuters-gångtest samt buk- och höftmått gav förbättrat resultat vid eftertestet jämfört med förtest hos Testgruppen. Testgruppen visade inga anmärkningsvärda förbättringar vid konditionstesterna. Möjligen kan det vara så att ledarledd träning krävs för att konditionsförbättringar ska ske, medan det måhända kan vara lättare att öka sin styrka på egen hand om regelbundna fysiologiska tester sker.
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HSUEH, YUAN-CHIH, and 薛元智. "Implementation of an Automation Physical Fitness Measurement System for Elderly Adults." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7cxy2n.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
電腦與通訊工程系碩士班
105
It is acknowledged that human aging is a natural phenomenon. As human being grows older, the function of the organ in human body will gradually become weaker. According to individual’s physical condition, living environment, living habits, eating habits and other related features, the degree of aging will be different. If appropriate physical fitness activities are conducted, the speed of aging will be lowered down. Furthermore, physical fitness activities could improve the quality of life. Because of the social progress, advanced medical development, declining birth rate and death rate, the elderly population in Taiwan is now increasing substantially. In Taiwan, an aged society becomes a major issue which brings several social problems. If the elderly population increases, the medical cost of the society will increase as well. Assisting the elderly in staying healthy is the most effective method to reduce the medical cost. Therefore, an appropriate physical fitness system is needed to reduce the burden if the frontline staff. This study aims to implement an automatic measurement system of physical fitness for the elderly. The system could help the elderly exercise at home or in community care institutions. This study applies the function of skeleton tracking of Microsoft Kinect Version 2, developing the user interface which is specifically suitable for the elderly. After the adjustment, the system has established a personified assessment standard and an application. Therefore, the elderly and the staff of community care institutions could conduct a physical fitness examination and management.
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Lin, Chen-Yu, and 林宸羽. "The Development and Verification of Automated Adult Physical Fitness Measurement System." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z38mjd.
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碩士國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
107
Background and objective: In recent years, people’s lifestyle has changed gradually. Most of the leisure time is in static activities, resulting in insufficient physical activity and physical function decline. Physical fitness is an indicator that detects whether physical activity is enough. If People have good physical fitness, they can reduce the risk of chronic diseases and sports injuries, and improve the quality of life and work efficiency. The present measuring fitness way is a testing item that requires equipment and needs a larger site. However, the place where registration can be applied for testing is also limited. The development of the automated physical fitness measurement system is not perfect relative to the method of traditional manual measurement. And the prices of the ready-made system that can be found are quite expensive at present. The somatosensory device is a new measuring method that can track the body's skeleton without contact and marking points. It can be used to perform the different items of physical fitness by designing suitable software. The objective of this study is to verify the feasibility of using a somatosensory device to measure adult physical fitness. Methods: This study predicts that for automatically determines their performance when they perform physical fitness testing, using a Kinect V2 sensor tracks the subjects’ skeleton and measures their heart rate. The items of the physical fitness measurement include sit forward, 1-mm sit-up and 3-mm step test. The 23~65 years of the 21 healthy adults were recruited for this study. Each subject needed two separate occasions approximately 7 days apart to evaluate the test-retest reliability. And the validity of comparing the results of three items using Kinect V2 to the results of the manual measurement. The Pearson correlation coefficient and the consistency coefficient were used to validate the physical fitness measurement with a somatosensory device using this system. P <0.05 had a significant correlation. Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) tests were calculated to determine the test-retest reliability for this system. The alpha level of statistical significance was set to 0.05. And the Bland-Altman difference map with the 95% consistency line shows whether there were significant differences due to system or exercise effects. Results and Discussions: The measuring results in this system and manual measurement were highly correlated and consistent (r=0.986, p<0.01, rc=0.978) in 1-mm sit-up, and highly correlated and moderately consistent (r=0.942, p<0.01, rc=0.933) in sit forward. But the 3-mm step test was not significant (r=0.225, p=0.328, rc=0.127) in this system. The three measurements of the test-retest reliability was 0.910(p<0.01), 0.934(p<0.01) and 0.453(p=0.113), respectively. There had errors in the posture interpretation because of the variability of body movement patterns for each subject. And the program of this system didn’t perform individual correction in the heart rate measurement, resulting in measurement errors. Conclusions: The results in this system for the 1-mm sit-up and sit forward of the adult physical fitness measurement is feasible, and the 3-mm step test should reduce measurement error by the individual correction. In the future, it can provide a method for automatically measuring adult physical fitness measurement with non-contact and low-cost somatosensory sensors.
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CHIEN-CHIH, CHEN, and 陳建智. "Research on College Student’s Physical Activity Effectiveness Using Automated Exercise Measurement System Related to the Policy of Physical Fitness Examination." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46575292496832017227.
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博士慈濟大學
醫學科學研究所
104
Regular exercise that can effectively promote health in all aspects has been confirmed, but most of young adults around the world remain insufficient in physical activity. As for youth population, the proportion of participating in physical activity even diminishes with the increase in age. The main purposes of this study aimed at college students as research subjects to investigate their physical activity or exercise behaviors and their influencing factors. Meanwhile, the present research also explored the effects on college student’s physical activity when jointly using automated exercise measurement built upon an advanced information technology and the related policy of physical fitness examination. This study was designed consisting of two research approaches. First, a questionnaire survey was carried out to collect data from the freshmen of Tzu Chi University. The data were analyzed to verify the Physical Activity Health Promotion Model [PA-HPM], in which variables associated with college student’s physical activity are well identified. Secondly, an exploratory study based on a content analysis of secondary data stemming from prior researches was conducted. The primary goal of such analysis was to examine the effects of jointly using automated exercise measurement and the related policy of physical fitness examination on college student’s physical activity. The research results statistically confirmed a good model fit of PA-HPM, meaning variables of college student’s personal characteristics, the joint use of automated exercise measurement and the related policy of physical fitness examination, stages of engaging in exercise behaviors, perceived benefits of exercise behaviors, self-efficacy of physical activity, and perceived obstacles of physical activity can significantly incur the behavioral intention and actual behaviors of their participation in exercise or physical activity. As for the joint use of automated exercise measurement and the related policy of physical fitness examination, the study evidenced its significant positive effects on promoting college student’s exercise behaviors or physical activity regardless of gender. Besides, the study results found a significant negative correlation between perceived obstacles of physical activity and the joint use of automated exercise measurement and the related policy of physical fitness examination. Also the significant negative correlations were revealed between the perceived obstacles of physical activity and behavioral intention of participating in exercise or physical activity, committed exercise or physical activity plan, and perceived control of exercise or physical activity. This study in fact concluded a more detailed view of effects of university’s policy related to physical education on promoting college student’s goal achievement of healthy physical fitness than ever available previously. In addition, the research further provided educators with practical recommendations for developing suitable instructional strategies beneficial to enhancement of college student’s physical activity.
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Huang, Ya-Lin, and 黃雅琳. "The effects of physical fitness measurement to sport injury rates on elite Tae-kwon-do athletes." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55994370122878078618.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣體育大學(桃園)
運動傷害防護研究所
96
Tae-kwon-do is one of the martial arts. The attack method is kicking. During training and competition, the body region most frequently affected is lower extremities, especially ankle and knee. Purpose: Make sure what intrinsic risk factors affect rates of sport injury. Subjects are 33 elite Tae-kwon-do athletes. Methods: Measure elite Tae-kwon-do physical fitness. The measurements included beep run (circulatory respiratory endurance) , 50-meter sprint(speed), shuttle run(agility), vertical jump(explosive power), sit-up(muscle endurance), pull-up(muscle endurance) and push-up(muscle endurance).During 15 weeks training, sport injuries record accounted for Doctor’s diagnoses and athletic trainer record. Then athletes were divided into good group and bad group by measurements. The analysis method is descriptive statistics and independent t-test. Results: The athletes who had good performances of beep run and shuttle run got significantly lower sport injury rates than the athletes of bad performances(p<0.05). The athletes got lower sport injury rates on good performances of 50-meter sprint, vertical jump, pull-up(muscle endurance) and push-up(p>0.05). The rates of sport injury are higher on the athletes having more sit-up repetitions. The Tae-kwon-do majority of injuries were involved the lower extremities, contusion and sprain. Conclusion: The article found beep run and shuttle run were the intrinsic risk factors of Tae-kwon-do exercise. The better circulatory respiratory endurance and agility performances, the sport injury rates are lower. But speed, explosive power, muscle endurance didn’t affect the rates of sport injury.
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Merom, Dafna Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Public health approaches to measurement, surveillance and the promotion of walking among Australian adults." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40706.
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The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the importance of walking to public health. The first part is characterized by epidemiological research. First, a typology for the measurement of walking is developed. A systematic review is conducted of observational studies to determine the health benefits of walking in its own right. Studies consistently confirm that 30 minutes walking on most days of the week is sufficient to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and non-communicable disease risk. Then, a series of epidemiological analyses describes the prevalence and correlates of walking, using multiple health and non-health surveillance data sets. Surveillance data indicate that the prevalence of walking at the above recommended levels is low across all domains. Between 1991 and 2001 an increase in walking occurred, and was the main contributor to reductions in leisure time physical inactivity; however, the proportion of the population who achieved the recommended amount of physical activity by walking did not change in leisure and transport domains. The next part of the thesis is characterized by health promotion research examining the impact of three population-based approaches to increasing walking among Australian adults. The first was an evaluation of a conversion of rail to trail, as an environmental change intervention; the second was a mass media campaign promoting walking to work, and the third was a targeted print media walking program. Providing environmental supports with minimal promotion had no effect on walking. A nation-wide mass media campaign promoting walking to work increased walking and other moderate intensity physical activity, but process evaluation indicated other promotional efforts contributed as well. The targeted print media randomised trial had the greatest effect on walking, but the increases were not greater than spontaneous change in the control. Increases in total physical activity were achieved only when the intervention was supplemented by the use of a pedometer. The expectation that broader approaches to the promotion of walking will bring about changes at the population level, were not corroborated by these case studies. There is a need for enhancement of walking-specific interventions to influence total PA at the population levels.
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Beránková, Adéla. "Dopad konkrétních pohybových aktivit na tělesnou zdatnost dětí měřenou pomocí UNIFITTESTU." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435284.
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This thesis deals with the impact of the specific physical activity on the physical fitness of children measured by UNIFITTEST (6-60). Final results were processed based on the UNIFITTEST standarts and the information about physical activity of the children were taken from the questionnaire which have been created specifically for this research. The stated research questions were compared with results from the practical part of the thesis and were discussed in the discussion chapter. By this research we have found out that children form seventh and eighth grade have reached an average value in motoric tests. Due to this work children have found out their physical fitness and so they could compared it with their classmates. Also they have got to know with the physical tests with which they can be part of during physical lessons. This work was made by research form realised at standard nonspecific elementary school Na Výsluní in Brandýs nad Labem. The total amount of the participants were 194 from 12 to14 years. KEYWORDS Physical fitness, measurement, UNIFITTEST, performance, physical activity, testing
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Howard, Heather Ann. "Effectiveness of skinfold measurements as a marker of athletic fitness in NCAA Division I female collegiate volleyball players." 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Portland State University, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-30). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.