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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physical expression'
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Dekkiche, Hamoud. "The appropriate physical expression of habitat in the Algerian context." Thesis, Glasgow School of Art, 1989. http://radar.gsa.ac.uk/4908/.
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Nattinger, Elena Jessop. "The body parametric : abstraction of vocal and physical expression in performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95589.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 193-199).
Performing artists have frequently used technology to sense and extend the body's natural expressivity via live control of multimedia. However, the sophistication, emotional content, and variety of expression possible through the original physical channels of voice and movement are generally not captured or represented by these technologies and thus cannot be intuitively transferred from body to digital media. Additionally, relevant components of expression vary between different artists, performance pieces, and output modalities, such that any single model for describing movement and the voice cannot be meaningful in all contexts. This dissertation presents a new framework for flexible parametric abstraction of expression in vocal and physical performance, the Expressive Performance Extension Framework. This framework includes a set of questions and principles to guide the development of new extended performance works and systems for performance extension, particularly those incorporating machine learning techniques. Second, this dissertation outlines the design of a multi-layered computational workflow that uses machine learning for the analysis and recognition of expressive qualities of movement and voice. Third, it introduces a performance extension toolkit, the Expressive Performance Extension System, that integrates key aspects of the theoretical framework and computational workflow into live performance contexts. This system and these methodologies have been tested through the creation of three performance and installation works: a public installation extending expressive physical movement (the Powers Sensor Chair), an installation exploring the expressive voice (Vocal Vibrations), and a set of performances extending the voice and body (Crenulations and Excursions and Temporal Excursions). This work lays the groundwork for systems that can be true extensions of and complements to a live performance, by recognizing and responding to subtleties of timing, articulation, and expression that make each performance fundamentally unrepeatable and unique.
by Elena Jessop Nattinger.
Ph. D.
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Salhi, Bachira. "Regulation of gene expression in Bacillus subtilis macrofiber by environmental physical stimuli." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185502.
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Extensive studies indicate that both genetic and epigenetic (physiological and biomechanical) factors play a role in the development of twist state which must correspond to the establishment of cell surface conformational state at the level of cell wall assembly. Therefore, in order to identify the unknown factors that control the macrofiber production, twist states and hand inversion, genetic studies concerning regulation of macrofiber production and macrofiber structural states seemed to be appropriate. Genetic studies were carried out by using an insertional mutagenesis method. Bank(s) of insertions were obtained that carry the Tn917 transposon at random locations in the genome. Selected isolates were characterized with respect to macrofiber production and twist, and helix hand inversion stimulated by various physiological factors. The bank(s) of insertional mutants were searched for those defective or impaired in response to ion-induced hand inversion. None were found to exhibit the desired phenotype. Clones with altered static state were not rare. Another approach was to take advantage of the transposon "lac system" and to use the bank of insertion mutants to study regulation of gene expression. The chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase, X-gal, made possible the search for factors governing gene expression during macrofiber morphogenesis in a manner similar to the way in which developmental biologists study regulation of gene expression during embryogenesis. First, insertion strains were screened for lac-Z expression on TBAB (Tryptose Blood Agar Base) X-gal plates. Isolates were then characterized by growth in fluid media. One strain (3:1) was found that expressed the E. coli lac-Z structural gene when grown on solid media (TBAB X-gal), but not when grown in fluid media. These observations led us to an examination of the role the medium may play in the regulation of gene expression. Evidence was obtained indicating that a number of insertion strains respond to growth in viscous media by expression of lac-Z+ indicating that different host gene promoters can be regulated by a physical component of the environment. The degree of expression moreover was positively correlated with the degree of viscosity. Environmental physical forces applied to the "body" of a bacterial cell must therefore play a role in gene expression. In at least one strain, 5:7Oring, gene expression was found only in right-handed structures suggesting that either specific genes are involved in the twist state and hand determination or that helix hand itself may govern gene expression. Finally, the 5:7Oring strain shows also the presence of a probable intercellular signalling through a diffusible chemical that causes gene expression to occur only in certain cells found at specific locations within the population.
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Sormaz, Mladen. "The role of physical image properties in facial expression and identity perception." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15417/.
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A number of attempts have been made to understand which physical image properties are important for the perception of different facial characteristics. These physical image properties have been broadly split in to two categories; namely facial shape and facial surface. Current accounts of face processing suggest that whilst judgements of facial identity rely approximately equally on facial shape and surface properties, judgements of facial expression are heavily shape dependent. This thesis presents behavioural experiments and fMRI experiments employing multi voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to investigate the extent to which facial shape and surface properties underpin identity and expression perception and how these image properties are represented neurally. The first empirical chapter presents experiments showing that facial expressions are categorised approximately equally well when either facial shape or surface is the varying image cue. The second empirical chapter shows that neural patterns of response to facial expressions in the Occipital Face Area (OFA) and Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS) are reflected by patterns of perceptual similarity of the different expressions, in turn these patterns of perceptual similarity can be predicted by both facial shape and surface properties. The third empirical chapter demonstrates that distinct patterns of neural response can be found to shape based but not surface based cues to facial identity in the OFA and Fusiform Face Area (FFA). The final experimental chapter in this thesis demonstrates that the newly discovered contrast chimera effect is heavily dependent on the eye region and holistic face representations conveying facial identity. Taken together, these findings show the importance of facial surface as well as facial shape in expression perception. For facial identity both facial shape and surface cues are important for the contrast chimera effect although there are more consistent identity based neural response patterns to facial shape in face responsive brain regions.
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Stefaniw-Alvarez, Michelle. "Physical characteristics of an individual the identification of biomarkers for biological age determination /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0001737.
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Holladay, Zachary. "Poetry and Ritual: The Physical Expression of Homoerotic Imagery in sama." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002564.
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Farjood, Farhad. "Effect of Physical Stimuli on Angiogenic Factor Expression in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7457.
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in adults. Abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye during the course of AMD causes damage to the retina, resulting in irreversible blindness. The goal of this research was to determine whether physical pressure on retinal cells can contribute to the increased blood vessel formation. To replicate the tears in the cell layers, a micropatterning method was used as a means of detaching cells from each other. Two new devices were also developed to mimic slow and fast increases in mechanical pressure on cell layers of the eye. After detaching cells from each other and adding mechanical stress to cells, the levels of angiogenic proteins secreted by retinal cells were measured. The results showed that both cell-cell detachment and mechanical stress can increase the secretion of angiogenic proteins. After adding mechanical stress, we also added the secreted proteins to blood vessel cells and observed an increase in blood vessel formation, indicating that mechanical stress can independently induce angiogenesis. These results suggest that physical stimuli in the eye can contribute to the aberrant blood vessel formation in AMD.
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Samanich, Tracy Tucker. "Effectiveness of idea-generating questions used in written expression as measured through curriculum-based measurement." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407507105.
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Zentner, Mark Alan. "The influence of expression of emotions in writing on physical and psychological well-being /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Brett, Kendra Elizabeth. "Maternal Phenotype, Directly Measured Physical Activity and Associations with Placenta Nutrient Transport Related Gene Expression." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32514.
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The intrauterine environment plays an important role in fetal development and downstream health. Given the rise in maternal obesity and the incidence of babies being born large-for-gestational-age, research is needed exploring the mechanisms through which maternal obesity and health behaviours affect the delivery of nutrients to the fetus. This thesis includes three manuscripts in the pursuit of two objectives: 1) To determine whether there are changes in placenta nutrient transport-related gene expression in response to obesity, excess gestational weight gain, and variations physical activity and diet, and 2) To examine whether the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire is a reliable estimate of physical activity during the second trimester of pregnancy. In manuscript 1, we found that maternal obesity was not related to placenta nutrient transport-related gene expression, with the exception of lower placental mTOR expression in obese women who delivered male offspring, however, gestational weight gain was related to the gene expression of key proteins in the placenta. In manuscript 2, it was determined that the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire significantly overestimates physical activity and is not correlated with direct measures of activity and thus should not be used in future research. In manuscript 3, we found that physical activity and diet modify the expression of the genes involved in placenta nutrient transport. Meeting physical activity guidelines was associated with lower expression of a fatty acid transporter and higher expression of an amino acid transporter, while sugar intake was related to the expression of a glucose transporter. Together, the studies that make up this thesis suggest that there are numerous factors that may be contributing to placenta nutrient transport-related gene expression in humans and that future research on the placenta ought to include direct measures of physical activity and maternal diet, as well as account for gestational weight gain with respect to the guidelines and fetal sex.
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Oliveira, Marta. "The effects of physical activity level, sex, and different exercise protocols on monocyte TLR expression." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9642.
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It has been suggested that moderate exercise contributes to protection against the development of chronic diseases by anti-inflammatory mechanisms that include elevations of anti-inflammatory cytokines and also reduction of the expression of Toll- Like Receptors (TLRs). However, prolonged strenuous exercise has been shown to reduce the function of some immune cells, decrease virus protection and consequently may account for the reason athletes appear more vulnerable to catching Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI). Although it has been proven that some exercise is better than no exercise, it is not clear yet what is the right amount of exercise to elicit beneficial immune responses and to help prevent the development of diseases. Therefore, the general aim of the studies in this thesis was to evaluate the impact of different types of exercise on monocyte TLR expression in participants with different fitness levels. It was found that different acute exercise protocols elicit different changes in TLR2 and TLR4 expression, where an acute bout of strenuous exercise reduced TLR4 expression for a few hours after the completion of the exercise (Chapter 5); however, short two bouts of exhaustive exercise separated by 2 hours did not change TLR4 expression (Chapter 6). In addition, changes in TLR4 expression were related to sex and the physical activity level of the participants (Chapter 4), and should therefore be considered separately when analysing TLR4 expression. Furthermore, high-intensity intermittent training improves participants' aerobic capacity and modifies the monocyte subpopulation concentration in the blood, with no changes in TLR4 expression. Further research needs to be done in this area to achieve a conclusive finding about changes in TLR4 expression and monocyte subsets after different training protocols, and possible relationships to cytokine production.
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Simonsen, Michelle Lynn. "Acute exercise effects on cardiac gene expression in physically active and inactive rats." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1272053141.
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Vakili-Tajareh, Hana. "Regulation of human pituitary growth hormone gene (hGH1) expression by energy homeostasis." Elsevier, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30395.
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Human (h) growth hormone (GH) levels decline rapidly in response to excess caloric intake before there is any evidence of obesity. In this thesis, the mechanism underlying this response was examined by manipulating levels of caloric intake and physical activity at the levels of gene expression and chromosomal structure. Transgenic mice containing the intact hGH locus were used as a model system. Briefly, the findings are: (I) High caloric intake (high fat diet) for three days resulted in hyperinsulinemia and a decrease in both hGH synthesis and secretion. (II) Incorporation of physical activity (swim) muted the effects of excess caloric intake on insulin levels as well as hGH production. (III) Human GH RNA accumulation was shown for the first time to be negatively regulated by insulin in pituitary cultures, and (IV) an enhancer box (E-box) DNA element was implicated in this response. (V) Induction of the E-box associated transcription factor HIF-1α with insulin significantly decreased hGH RNA levels, and was accompanied by recruitment of HIF-1α to the hGH gene (hGH) promoter in situ. (VI) Both a reduction in HIF-1α synthesis and HIF-1 DNA binding blunted the negative effect of insulin on hGH RNA levels. (VII) The hGH response to insulin was associated with a decrease in histone H3/H4 hyperacetylation in the proximal hGH promoter region. The same pattern of chromatin remodelling was observed in pituitary cells in vivo in response to excess caloric intake. (IX) Increased recruitment of nuclear receptor co-repressor and decreased association of RNA polymerase II were also observed. Collectively, these effects are consistent with reduced hGH promoter function. (X) This reduction by excess caloric intake was also consistent with changes in the three dimensional-structure of the hGH locus including detected loss of physical interaction between hGH enhancer and promoter regions. (XI) By contrast, physical activity combined with the high caloric intake preserved the chromosomal structure of the hGH locus. These observations are discussed in relation to a physiological requirement for rapid control of hGH levels in response to energy homeostasis, as well as the molecular basis governing this process.May 2015
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Hocking, Michael W. A. "The Calypso hydrothermal vent field: The seafloor expression of an active submarine low-sulphidation epithermal system, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27852.
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The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is an area of extensive volcanism and geothermal activity in the North Island of New Zealand. The Calypso Hydrothermal Vent Field (CHVF) is located in an offshore extension of the TVZ on continental shelf, approximately 10 km southwest of the White Island subaerial volcano, at 180-200 m water depth in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Active, moderate temperature (up to 201°C) hydrothermal venting is contained within the Whakatane Graben, a northeast trending depression that has been partially filled by tephra from regional, subaerial volcanic eruptions.
Venting of hydrothermal fluid through the volcaniclastic material has led to a varied and geographically distinct assemblage of alteration mineral phases in 4 vent fields in an area of approximately 50 km2. Carbon dioxide is the primary gas phase measured at active vent sites; sulfur is present as reduced H2S gas.
The North Vent Field (NVF) is the original site of hydrothermal venting reported at Calypso. Weakly lithified volcaniclastic material recovered from this site has been altered primarily to montmorillonite, a dioctahedral smectite clay; minor mixed-layer clays were also detected. Native sulfur is spatially associated with the pervasively clay-altered samples, and is observed cementing volcaniclastic particles and filling primary pore spaces. Anhydrite mounds were also observed in the NVF.
The principal hydrothermal alteration phase at the Southeast Vent Field (SEVF) and the Southwest Vent Field (SWVF) is amorphous silica which has filled the pore spaces between volcaniclastic particles and has overprinted early barite, minor clay, and native sulfur mineral phases. Cinnabar, stibnite, and amorphous arsenic sulfides form crusts on the outer surfaces of the samples as well as filling fractures, and forming inclusions within pyrite-silica veins. Textural relationships indicate volatile metal As, Sb, and Hg deposition is contemporaneous with silica precipitation. Clay-altered, sulfur-rich samples were also recovered from the Southeast and Southwest Vent Fields (SEVF, SWVF) but are volumetrically subordinate to the silica alteration facies. Several volcaniclastic samples from this site contained liquid hydrocarbon and charcoal fragments.
A similar juxtaposition of alteration phases is observed in active geothermal environments in the subaerial portion of the TVZ (e.g., Waiotapu, Broadlands-Ohaaki). Where fluid conduits intersect the surface, near-neutral pH, chloride water will precipitate silica sinter with elevated volatile metal concentration +/- precious metals. Sinter deposits are characterized by a terraced morphology of opal precipitates and define the paleosurface in fossil epithermal systems. Such deposits have not been reported in the submarine environment. However, locations with high silica concentration, "sinter-like" material, and anomalous Hg-Sb-As concentrations have been described. At the Calypso field volcaniclastic material is cemented by amorphous silica similar to the silicified stratigraphy observed below silica sinter in some fossil epithermal deposits.
The CO2 and H2S gas present in the hydrothermal fluid rise to areas of elevated topography peripheral to the sinter. Mixing of CO2 with water creates carbonic acid, and oxidation of H 2S may produce native sulfur and sulfuric acid; the extent of these reactions is limited by the availability of oxygen. In subaerial epithermal systems, the formation of sulfuric acid, and in turn advanced argillic steam-heated alteration, is limited to the vadose zone, where there is sufficient oxygen to produce sulfuric acid. In the absence of atmospheric oxygen, the production of sulfuric acid in submarine environments is similarly limited, and this explains the absence of aluminous clay minerals and alunite in the Calypso samples. Disproportionation of SO2(g) to H2SO4 (aq) does, however, create advanced argillic alteration in some higher-temperature submarine volcanic-hydrothermal systems (e.g., Brothers Volcano, de Ronde et al., 2005).
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Close, J. P. "An integrated physical transcript map of human 6q23 encompassing a quantitative trait locus for foetal haemoglobin expression." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249384.
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Chen, Yung-Chih. "The effect of diet on the acute and chronic responses to exercise, with a particular focus on adipose tissue." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723315.
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Long-term excessive positive energy balance results in overweight and obesity, which is caused by adipose tissue deposition. This increases the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue plays an active role in the development of these diseases and so it is important to understand how this tissue responds to relevant stimuli such as feeding, fasting and physical activity. The study in Chapter 4 examined the impact of fasting and feeding, on adipose tissue responsiveness to prolonged moderate intensity exercise. Ten healthy overweight men aged 26 ± 5 years (mean ± SD) with a waist circumference of 105 ± 10 cm walked at 60% of maximum oxygen uptake under either fasted (12 h overnight fasting) or fed (70% carbohydrate breakfast) conditions in a randomised, counterbalanced design. Feeding comprised 648 ± 115 kcal 2 h before exercise. The expression of several metabolism-related adipose tissue genes was acutely regulated whilst participants undertook fasted exercise, including up-regulation of lipolytic lipase and transporter (adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone sensitive lipase & fatty acid translocase/CD36), glycolytic inhibitor (pyruvate dehydrogenase 4), insulin singling molecules (glucose transporter type 4 & insulin receptor substrate 2) as well as adipose insulin receptor substrate 2 protein contents (all p ≤ 0.05), compared to exercise in the fed state. The results indicate that adipose tissue responsiveness to prolonged exercise is affected by the dietary conditions. The study in Chapter 5 examined whether adipose tissue would be influenced by more modest changes in accumulated physical activity. Eleven overweight participants (7 men and 4 post-menopausal women) aged 50 ± 5 years (means ± SD) completed two identical mixed meal (~1,700 ± 360 kcal in total) feeding trials (prolonged sitting versus breaking sitting) in a randomised, counterbalanced design. The breaking sitting intervention comprised walking for 2 min every 20 min over 5 h. The results demonstrated that postprandial insulin and glucose concentrations were attenuated (all p ≤ 0.05) while participating in regular small bouts of walking but this did not affect adipose tissue metabolic- and insulin-associated pathways in adipose tissue. The study in Chapter 6 examined the responsiveness to aforementioned different forms of physical activity (a single bout of prolonged exercise versus accumulation of small bout of physical activity) on a challenge imposed by 50% overfeeding. Twenty-four lean, active and healthy men aged 21 ± 3 years were recruited. Participants were randomised to either an overfeeding with restricted physical activity (≤ 4,000 steps per day) group (OVER, n = 8), overfeeding with restricted physical activity (≤ 4,000 steps per day) plus daily 45 min endurance moderate intensity walking group (50% V̇O2max) (OVER + EN, n = 8) or overfeeding with restricted physical activity (≤ 4,000 steps per day) plus intermittent breaking sitting group (OVER + BREAKS, n = 8). All groups achieved the same overfeeding (50% of overfeeding based on their habitual diet). Notably, despite the impairment of insulin sensitivity as a result of the energy surplus, the accumulation of small bouts of physical activity blunted overfeeding induced up-regulation of adipose lipogenetic activity (i.e. the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase) and circulating inflammation (i.e. no change of white blood cell count) compared to energy surplus with sedentary lifestyle and/or overfeeding plus a single bout of moderate intensity exercise. This could mean that the form of physical activity undertaken could play a key role in lipogenesis activation. Based on the results from this thesis, it appears that energy consumption and physical activity are both capable of acutely and chronically influencing adipose tissue metabolic signalling and regulation.
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Proença, André Ricardo Gomes de. "Efeitos de uma sessão aguda de exercício e do treinamento sobre a atividade metabólica de diferentes territórios adiposos de ratos wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-11082010-130939/.
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O presente estudo procurou averiguar como uma sessão aguda de exercício (SAE) e o treinamento físico (TF) modificam as respostas metabólicas do tecido adiposo de diferentes territórios. Observamos que o TF (mais do que a SAE) induziu aumento da taxa lipolítica basal e uma menor incorporação de glicose em AG de TAG, causando assim uma redução nos depósitos de gordura. A SAE promoveu um aumento da taxa lipolítica nos animais, embora não tenha causado alterações nas adaptações cronicamente estabelecidas pelo TF. Adicionalmente a SAE promoveu um aumento na concentração sérica de AGL, ao passo que o TF foi responsável por uma redução da concentração sérica de TAG, Colesterol Total e de insulina, sem alterar a glicemia. O TF e a SAE foram responsáveis também pelo aumento da expressão do receptor adrenérgico b-2, corroborando os resultados obtidos na lipólise. Em contrapartida, as expressões de genes de proteínas anti-lipolítica e pró-lipogênica (receptor adrenérgico α-2a e a enzima FAS) também estavam aumentadas frente ao TF ou à SAE.This study aimed to determine how an acute session of exercise (ASE) and the exercise training (ET) alter the metabolic responses of adipose tissue of different territories. We observed that the ET (rather than the ASE) induced increase in basal lipolytic rate and lowered glucose incorporation into FA of TAG, causing reduction in fat deposits. The ASE promoted an increase in lipolytic rate in animals, although it has not interfered with chronical adjustments established by ET. Additionally, the ASE promoted an increase in serum FFA, whereas ET was responsible for a reduction in serum TAG, total cholesterol and insulin, without altering blood glucose. ET and ASE were also responsible for the increased expression of b-2 adrenergic receptor, corroborating the results in lipolysis. In contrast, the expression of genes for proteins anti-lipolytic and pro-lipogenic (α-2a adrenergic receptor and the enzyme FAS) were also higher after ET or ASE.
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Alvarez, Michelle. "PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INDIVIDUAL: THE IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS FOR BIOLOGICAL AGE DETERMINATION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4198.
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It is now a matter of routine for the forensic scientist to obtain the genetic profile of an individual from DNA recovered from a biological stain deposited at a crime scene. Potential contributors of the stain must either be known to investigators (i.e. a developed suspect) or the questioned profile must be searched against a database of DNA profiles such as those maintained in the CODIS National DNA database. However, in those instances where there is no developed suspect and no match is obtained after interrogation of appropriate DNA databases, the DNA profile per se presently provides no meaningful information to investigators, with the notable exception of gender determination. In these situations it would be advantageous to the investigation, if additional probative information could be obtained from the biological stain. A useful biometric that could provide important probative information, and one that may be amenable to molecular genetic analysis, is the biological age of an individual. The ability to provide investigators with information as to whether a DNA donor is a newborn, infant, toddler, child, adolescent, adult, middle-aged or elderly individual could be useful in certain cases, particularly those involving young children such as kidnappings or in providing additional intelligence during terrorist investigations. Currently no validated molecular assays exist for age determination. Biological human ageing can be defined by two distinct processes, degenerative and developmental ageing. The degenerative process of ageing is based on theories which identify an increase or decrease in physiological conditions with increasing age. In contrast, the developmental process of ageing is based on the theory that as individuals increase in chronological age, there will be subtle corresponding molecular based biological changes, each requiring genes to be expressed or silenced, indicative of that particular stage of life. We investigated the degenerative process of chromosomal telomere shortening, as well as the developmental process of gene expression profiling analysis, in an attempt to identify biomarkers of biological age in a self-renewing tissue such as blood. While telomere length analysis was an ineffective method for age determination; gene expression analysis revealed three gene transcripts expressed in an age-dependent physiological manner. These species namely- COL1A2, HBE1 and IGFBP3, were found to be expressed at elevated levels in younger individuals, newborns, or post-pubertal individuals, respectively. The biological process of hemoglobin switching was also investigated for the possibility of determining human age. While experimenting with the potential of using the gamma-hemoglobin chains, as newborn specific gene candidates, we serendipitously discovered four novel truncated transcripts, which we have termed HBG1n1, HBG1n2, HBG2n2 and HBG2n3; whose expression was restricted to whole-blood newborn samples and specific fetal tissues. The molecular origin of these transcripts appears to be at the RNA level, being produced by specific rearrangement events occurring in the standard gamma hemoglobin transcripts (HBG1 and HBG2), which yield these new isoforms that are expressed in a highly regulated tissue specific manner.Ph.D.
Department of Biomolecular Science
Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences
Biomolecular Sciences PhD
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Stein, Natalia. "Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of Shewanella oneidensis cytochrome c nitrite reductase, and improving c-heme expression systems." Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685085.
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In this work the redox properties of cytochrome c nitrite reductase (CcNiR), a decaheme homodimer that was isolated from S. oneidensis, were determined in the presence and absence of the strong-field ligands cyanide and nitrite. Four hemes per CcNiR protomer are hexa-coordinate with tightly bound axial histidines, while the fifth (active site) has one tightly bound lysine and a distal site that can be open, or contain exogenous ligands such as the substrate nitrite. Controlled potential electrolysis in combination with UV/visible absorption (UV-vis) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies allowed for assignment of all heme midpoint potentials under each set of conditions. The studies show that the active-site heme is the first to be reduced under all conditions. The midpoint redox potential of that heme shifts approximately 70mV to the positive upon binding a strong field ligand such as nitrite or cyanide. When controlled potential electrolysis was carried out in the presence of nitrite, a concerted two electron reduction was observed by UV-vis, and a {Fe(NO)}7 reduced product was revealed in EPR. In addition, an asymmetry in ligand binding between active sites was revealed. This information is relevant for the interpretation of planned and ongoing mechanistic studies of CcNiR.
Over-expression, partial purification and characterization of another S. oneidensis multiheme enzyme, known as octaheme tetrathionate reductase (OTR), is also described herein. Though of unknown cellular function, OTR was previously reported to have tetrathionate reductase activity, in addition to nitrite and hydroxylamine reductase activities. The new results indicate that the expression of OTR has no effect on tetrathionate or nitrite reductase activities in the whole cell lysate, and only hydroxylamine reductase activity was substantially elevated in the overexpressing bacteria. OTR was stable in buffered solutions, but substantial activity loss during all attempts at column chromatography was a major obstacle to the complete purification. OTR also proved quite hydrophobic, so possible membrane association should be considered in future attempts to purify this protein.
Finally, this dissertation also reports attempts to improve S. oneidensis' ability to express foreign proteins. Though ideally suited to expressing c-hemes, it proved difficult to express carboxy his-tagged proteins in S. oneidensis because of persistent tag degradation. Attempts to knock out lon protease, a cytoplasmic carboxypeptidase, as well as the result of redirecting ccNiR from the SecA to the possibly more protected signal particle recognition (SRP) secretion pathway, are described.
Iron heme cofactors are single-electron transport moieties that play a crucial role in respiration. While oxygen is the electron acceptor of choice in aerobic atmospheres, microorganisms that live in anaerobic environments utilize other molecules with similarly high reduction potentials. S. oneidensis can utilize numerous terminal electron acceptors, including nitrite, dimethylsulfoxide and even uranium, thanks to a particularly rich array of multi c-heme respiratory proteins. Understanding of how the midpoint potentials and heme arrangements within the proteins influence these exotic respiratory processes is of interest in the fields of bioremediation and fuel development.
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Simonsen, Michelle L. "Acute exercise effects on cardiac gene expression in physically active and inactive rats." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1272053141.
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Bira, Lindsay M. "Emotional Writing in an HIV+ Population: Assessing Two Scoring Methods of Emotional/Cognitive Processing and Their Effects on Health Status, Physical Symptoms and Psychological Well-being." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/294.
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Objective: The purpose of the present study is to examine whether level of written emotional expression (EE) and emotional/cognitive processing (ECP) for traumatic events predict health status (CD4 and VL), Category B symptoms, depression and anxiety in an HIV+ population over four years. Specifically, two different scoring methods of two variables within ECP (cognitive appraisal and self-esteem) will be compared to see if a change score (SMCHANGE) or a final score (SMFINAL) better predict outcomes. The possible mediating role of ECP in the relationship between EE and outcomes will also be explored. Methods: This longitudinal study assessed 169 HIV+ and diverse men and women in the midrange of illness as indicated by a CD4 number between 150 and 200 and no previous AIDS-defining symptom. EE/ECP data was gathered during baseline assessment and participants attended follow-up assessments every 6 months for a period of 4 years. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to examine change over time in CD4, VL log, Category B symptoms, depression and anxiety controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, education, anti-HIV medication and baseline values for each outcome. In addition, analyses for CD4 and VL log were rerun controlling for medication adherence. Results: Positive EE was found to be significantly related to only CD4 and Category B symptoms slopes. Negative EE was not related to any outcome. ECP was found to be related to CD4, VL log and Category B symptoms slope. No relationships were found between EE/ECP and depression and anxiety. SMFINAL scores on ECP subscales were found to predict CD4 and VL log slope better than SMCHANGE, but SMCHANGE scores predicted Category B symptoms slope better than SMFINAL. Within meditational analyses, ECP was found to mediate the relationship between positive EE and CD4 slope controlling for adherence. Positive EE mediated the relationship between ECP and Category B symptoms slope. Conclusions: Higher engagement in positive EE and ECP within emotional writing about a trauma contributes to beneficial changes in health outcomes over time within HIV+ individuals. SMFINAL seems to be more related to CD4 and VL log slope while SMCHANGE seems to be more related to Category B symptoms slope, indicating that both scoring methods within ECP seem to be valuable. Findings support the meditational role of ECP between EE and CD4, and provide new evidence that positive EE plays a meditational role between ECP and Category B symptoms. These findings can be used to help improve health for patients in future studies or in CBT therapies.
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Gabert-Quillen, Crystal A. "The Efficacy of Written Emotional Expression at Reducing Back and Headache Pain in College Students." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1340909581.
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Leal, Marcelo Larciprete. "Genes da via WNT são diferencialmente modulados por protocolos de treinamento de força." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-02022010-115900/.
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A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de 8 semanas de treinamento de força ou potência sobre a expressão de genes pertencentes a via de sinalização canônica da WNT, assim como a expressão protéica de b-catenina. Vinte e cinco indivíduos (27,4±4,6 anos) foram distribuídos randomicamente nos grupos: treinamento de força (TF) (n=10), treinamento de potência (TP) (n=10), e controle (C) (n=5). Os grupos TF e TP realizaram o exercício agachamento durante 8 semanas, 3 vezes por semana. Biópsias do músculo vasto lateral foram retiradas antes e após o período de treinamento. Alguns genes foram modulados positivamente no grupo TF (WNT1:6.4 vezesP<0.0001; SFRP1:3.3 vezesP<0.0001 e LEF1:7.3 vezesP<0.0001) e também no grupo TP (WNT1:24.9 vezesP<0.0001; SFRP1:2.7 vezesP<0.0001; LEF1:34.1 vezesP<0.0001 e Cyclina D1:7.7 vezesP<0.001). O conteúdo protéico total de -catenina aumentou somente no grupo TP (p<0,05). Nossos dados indicam que o treinamento de potência desencadeia respostas de maior magnitude sobre a via WNT quando comparado ao treinamento de força máxima.The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of strength and power training on the expression of genes related to the canonical WNT pathway and b-catenin protein levels. Twenty five subjects (27.4±4.6 yrs) were randomly assigned to three groups: strength training (ST) (n=10), power training (PT) (n=10), and control (C) (n=5). The ST and the PT groups performed squats, 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were collected before and after the training period. Certain genes were up-regulated in the ST group (WNT1:6.4 foldP<0.0001; SFRP1:3.3 fold-P<0.0001 and LEF1:7.3 foldP<0.0001) and also in the PT group (WNT1:24.9 foldP<0.0001; SFRP1:2.7 foldP<0.0001; LEF1:34.1 foldP<0.0001 and Cyclin D1:7.7 foldP<0.001). Finally, the total protein content of -catenin increased only in the PT group (P<0.05). Our data indicate that PT triggers greater responses on the WNT pathway as compared to ST regimens.
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Macià, i. Fàbrega Spei. "La teoria i la pràctica de la dramatització a l’escola: Revisió crítica d’una bibliografia per als docents (1917-2007)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666711.
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Aquesta tesi presenta un estudi crític sobre la concepció de la Dramatització a Catalunya i, per extensió, a l’Estat espanyol, en el període comprès entre 1917-2007. La metodologia que hem seguit per fer-ho és a través de l’anàlisi d’un corpus ampli de 92 publicacions (llibres i alguns capítols de llibres) que hem seleccionat com a rellevants per a dur a terme el nostre estudi. No serà, però, fins a finals dels anys 60 quan veurem que comencen a ser significatives les publicacions relacionades amb la dramatització o aquelles activitats relacionades amb el teatre a l’escola.
Hem usat tres criteris bàsics (a banda d’altres més específics que es comentaran en el seu moment) per delimitar quines serien les publicacions que constituirien la base del corpus teòric-pràctic per a la nostra anàlisi. Es tracta de textos que:
1. Estaven disponibles en les biblioteques que apareixen en el Catàleg Col·lectiu de les Universitats de Catalunya (CCUC) (que inclou també les biblioteques de centres adscrits).
2. Van ser publicats abans de la fi del 2007
3. Estaven disponibles en català o castellà (ja sigui perquè estan escrits originalment en una d’aquestes llengües, ja sigui perquè s’hi van traduir).
L’estudi no consisteix en saber en què es basa la docència de la dramatització dels mestres a l’escola però la hipòtesi metodològica que hem adoptat consisteix en considerar que la tasca real dels mestres en aquest terreny, i també la del professorat que els forma (dins el període estudiat), està estretament relacionada amb el corpus teòric-pràctic existent.
L’anàlisi dels documents sobre la teoria de la dramatització examinats ens ha permès arribar a conclusions força sorprenents que podem separar i sintetitzar en dos apartats:
1. Sobre el rerefons teatral dominant: La gran majoria dels autors es refereixen, implícitament o explícita, a un model determinat de teatre. Un model centrat, bàsicament, en el teatre tradicional, per tant en la convicció que només existeix un únic tipus de pràctica.
2. Sobre el rerefons pedagògic dominant: Està present, en la majoria dels autors estudiats, una concepció pedagògica de la dramatització que valora, per damunt de tot, la llibertat de l’alumne, l’espontaneïtat i la imaginació. Aquest marc en el que es promulga de ressituar el nen en un ambient de llibertat gairebé absoluta comporta, al nostre entendre, deixar de banda una pedagogia encaminada a desenvolupar la capacitat per assimilar coneixements nous.
Relacionat amb els dos punts anteriors, podem detectar que hi ha una tensió entre dues pulsacions o dos pols: per una banda, la voluntat progressista d’usar la dramatització com espai per desenvolupar la llibertat, la creativitat i l’autoafirmació dels infants i, per altra banda, l’assumpció acrítica, i potser també inconscient (i en contra, a vegades, dels plantejaments teòrics explícits que s’han defensat) de trets d’una determinada concepció tradicional del teatre, que justament posa limitacions innecessàries a la llibertat i la creativitat que es pretén promoure.
Entenem, al terme de la recerca, que aquest nou coneixement adquirit hauria de permetre orientar una disciplina, una pràctica, uns rituals (i unes rutines) anomenades Dramatització que s’han anat construint per acumulació, per repetició, per còpia més o menys involuntària, sobre la base d’unes premisses ideològiques no sotmeses a cap crítica profunda. Aquesta tesi és un primer pas cap a aquesta necessària revisió crítica del discurs sobre la Dramatització. Fem notar que la nostra anàlisi se centra principalment en el que nosaltres creiem que són les mancances teòriques d’aquest discurs i no tant en posar de manifest les seves aportacions que, de ben segur, han estat altament positives en el sistema educatiu en els darrers cinquanta anys.This thesis presents a critic study on the concept of school drama teaching in Catalonia and the whole of Spain between 1917 and 2007. The methodology that was followed for this thesis was to analyse a wide corpus of 92 publications – books and chapters of books – that were selected as relevant in order to carry out the study. However, publications relating to drama in schools are not significant until the end of the 60s. In order to limit our theoretical-practical corpus we used three basic criteria (and other more specific ones that will also be explained). Those are texts that: 1. Were available in the libraries that appeared in the Catàleg Col·lectiu de les Universitats de Catalunya (CCUC) which also includes libraries of adscribed centres. 2. Were published before the end of 2007. 3. Were available in catalan or spanish (be it because they were originally written in those languages or because they were translated into them). The study does not consist in figuring out on what is the teaching of drama by school teachers based but the methodological hypothesis that was used consists in considering that the real work of teachers in this area and of the teachers that taught them (within the studied period) is closely related with the existing theoretical-practical corpus. The analysis of the documents on school drama teaching theory has allowed us to reach surprising conclusions that can be separated in two groups: 1. On the dominant theatrical background: Most authors refer implicitly or explicitly to a predetermined theatre model. A model basically based on traditional theatre, therefore considering that there is only one type of practice. 2. On the dominant pedagogical background: There is, in general, a pedagogical conception of dramatisation that values, above everything else, the freedom of the pupil, his spontaneity and imagination. This background in which it is sought to relocate the pupil in a free environment of almost complete freedom, means that the pedagogical aim to make children assimilate new knowledge is left behind. Relating to the two previous points, we can see a tension between two forces: on the one hand, a progressive will to use drama as a space to develop the pupil’s freedom, creativity and self-affirmation and, on the other hand, the acritical assumption and maybe also unconscious (and against theoretical point that have been defended) of traits of a determined traditional conception of theatre that limits unnecessarily the freedom and creativity that was supposed to be promoted. We understand, for this research project, that this new knowledge should make it possible to orientate a discipline and rituals (and also routines) called school drama teaching that have been built by cumulation, repetition, by copy (more or less intentional) on the basis of some ideological assumptions that were never under deep critique. This thesis is a first step towards a very much needed critical revision of discourse on school drama teaching. Please note that this analysis is mostly based on what we believe to be the theoretical failings of this discourse and not its contributions that have surely been highly positive in the school system within the last 50 years.
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Ramos, Bruno Amaral. "As artes circenses na educação física escolar enquanto conteúdo da cultura corporal: suas contribuições para desenvolvimento da expressão corporal e criatividade." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6724.
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This study was constructed from a field research, qualitative, conducted with students belonging to the 3rd year of computer integrated technical course for internet Federal Institute of Goiás - Formosa. The problem that prompted this study was: how the circus arts can contribute to the development of body expression and creativity of students in physical education classes. The overall objective of the research is to identify how the circus arts can contribute to the development of creativity and body language of the students in the classes of Physical Education. The specific objectives are: to deepen the knowledge about the history and definitions of Physical Education and circus arts; present the possibilities of using circus arts on the different pedagogical approaches in Physical Education; show the contributions of the circus arts to the development of creativity and body language and deepen their knowledge of teaching methodologies, seeking those that can contribute to the development of body expression and creativity of basic education students. Studied in this work from the history of circus arts, circus and physical education, making relationships of these contents with the main pedagogical approaches this discipline, passing by the concepts of body expression and creativity to reach the field of research, where we develop an educational intervention for one academic quarter and work the following contents: juggling balls and flower stick, roll-roll and ropes. The instruments for data collection were structured observation, school reports and questionnaire. We can say from this study that a good planning combined with the historical aspects of these arts, which have in essence freedom of movement, creativity, body expression and a good mediation process, based on the actionreflection- movement action will allow the development of a physical education more expressive, creative, critical and human. In this way we will be contributing to the formation of questioning people with objective conditions to position themselves in favor of the lower social classes, not to reproduce the values of capitalist society: competition, exploitation, domination and exploitation of the best, among others.
O presente estudo foi construído a partir de uma pesquisa de campo, de natureza qualitativa, realizada com alunos pertencentes ao 3° ano do curso técnico integrado de informática para internet do Instituto Federal de Goiás – Formosa. O problema que instigou esse trabalho foi: de que forma as artes circenses podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da expressão corporal e da criatividade dos alunos nas aulas de Educação Física? O objetivo geral da pesquisa é identificar de que forma as artes circenses podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da criatividade e da expressão corporal dos alunos nas aulas de Educação Física escolar. Os objetivos específicos são: aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre o histórico e as definições da Educação Física e das artes circenses; apresentar as possibilidades de utilização das artes circenses diante das diferentes abordagens pedagógicas da Educação Física; apresentar as contribuições das artes circenses para o desenvolvimento da criatividade e da expressão corporal e aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre metodologias de ensino, buscando aquelas que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento da expressão corporal e da criatividade dos alunos da educação básica. Estudamos nesse trabalho, desde o histórico das artes circenses, do circo e da Educação Física, fazendo relações desses conteúdos com as principais abordagens pedagógicas dessa disciplina, perpassando os conceitos de expressão corporal e criatividade até chegar à pesquisa de campo, onde desenvolvemos uma intervenção pedagógica durante um bimestre letivo e trabalhamos os seguintes conteúdos: malabarismo com bolinhas e flower stick, rola-rola e cordas. Os instrumentos para coleta de dados foram a observação estruturada, os relatórios das aulas e o questionário. Podemos afirmar, a partir desse estudo, que um bom planejamento, aliado aos aspectos históricos dessas artes, que possuem na sua essência a liberdade de movimentos, a criatividade, a expressão corporal, bem como um bom processo de mediação, pautado no movimento de ação-reflexão-ação, possibilitará o desenvolvimento de uma Educação Física mais expressiva, criativa, crítica e humana. Desse modo, estaremos contribuindo para a formação de pessoas questionadoras com condições objetivas para se posicionarem a favor das classes sociais menos favorecidas, ao não reproduzirem os valores da sociedade capitalista: competição, exploração, dominação, valorização dos melhores, entre outros aspectos.
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Martin, Sarah Abigail. "Expression of fluctuating asymmetry in primate teeth: Analyzing the role of growth duration." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366187797.
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Gamede, Thobekile. "The biography of "access" as an expression of human rights in South African education policies." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03302005-115949.
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Williams, Andre. "Stereotype Logit Models for High Dimensional Data." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/147.
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Gene expression studies are of growing importance in the field of medicine. In fact, subtypes within the same disease have been shown to have differing gene expression profiles (Golub et al., 1999). Often, researchers are interested in differentiating a disease by a categorical classification indicative of disease progression. For example, it may be of interest to identify genes that are associated with progression and to accurately predict the state of progression using gene expression data. One challenge when modeling microarray gene expression data is that there are more genes (variables) than there are observations. In addition, the genes usually demonstrate a complex variance-covariance structure. Therefore, modeling a categorical variable reflecting disease progression using gene expression data presents the need for methods capable of handling an ordinal outcome in the presence of a high dimensional covariate space. In this research we present a method that combines the stereotype regression model (Anderson, 1984) with an elastic net penalty (Friedman et al., 2010) as a method capable of modeling an ordinal outcome for high-throughput genomic datasets. Results from applying the proposed method to both simulated and gene expression data will be reported and the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to a univariable and heuristic approach will be discussed.
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Gasparetto, Daniela. "Efeito do consumo de hidrolisado do soro de leite no metabolismo energético e no estado redox de ratos sedentários e exercitados." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254504.
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Orientador: Jaime Amaya-FarfánDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: As proteinas do soro de leite possuem alto valor nutritivo, sendo, portanto, extensamente estudadas em diversas areas do saber. A equipe do Laboratorio de Fontes Proteicas vem estudando a associacao entre o consumo do hidrolisado de proteina do soro de leite e seus efeitos biologicos e nutricionais, em varios niveis de atividade fisica. Seu consumo tem sido associada a diminuicao do estresse metabolico, reducao nos niveis de lactato, aumento das reservas de glicogenio muscular, maior estabilidade da albumina serica e melhora nos tempos de exaustao do animal treinado. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do consumo do hidrolisado de soro de leite no estado metabolico redox do rato e na utilizacao de lipideos pelo organismo como fonte de energia durante a atividade fisica. Ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em 3 grupos de dieta: Padrao (AIN 93-G, dieta elaborada com caseina), Controle (AIN 93-G, elaborada com concentrado de proteinas do soro de leite) e Experimental (AIN 93-G, elaborada com hidrolisado de proteinas do soro de leite). Cada dieta foi subdividida em 4 grupos (n = 7): sedentarios, sedentarios-exaustos, treinados e treinados-exaustos. O hidrolisado apresentou maior poder antioxidante in vitro, do que o concentrado e tres fracoes do soro, ?-lactalbumina, ?-lactoglobulina e albumina serica bovina. O consumo das proteinas do soro de leite, hidrolisadas ou nao, aumentou a concentracao de triptofano no sangue e de BCAAs livres no musculo, alem de 10 outros aminoacidos analisados. Porem, reduziu o nivel de alanina aminotransferase serica. A enzima tambem teve sua concentracao reduzida pelo treinamento fisico enquanto que a exaustao aumentou-a. Contrariamente, o exercicio continuo aumentou os niveis de acidos graxos livres sericos, ao passo que a exaustao os diminuiu. Ambas as variaveis, por sua vez, elevaram nao somente a temperatura muscular, mas tambem o nivel de 15 aminoacidos musculares livres e a concentracao de triacilglicerois sericos. O treinamento possibilitou que os animais treinado-exaustos apresentassem tempos ate a exaustao mais longos que os sedentarios-exaustos. A exaustao tambem aumentou a concentracao de nove aminoacidos sericos (dentre eles BCAAs, Ala e Gln). O treinamento, bem como a exaustao e a dieta não interferiram na expressao dos genes PPAR a, PPAR d, PGC 1a, CPT 1ß e miostatina no musculo. Nao foram constatadas alteracoes no consumo, peso do tecido adiposo, lactato sanguineo, glutationa reduzida, alem dos parametros sericos: creatinina, aspartato aminotransferase, albumina, corticosterona e acido urico. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem haver poucas diferencas entre as dietas formuladas com proteinas do soro de leite. Porem, eles tambem sugerem que o nivel de atividade a ser empregado em ensaios biologicos deva ser criteriosamente definido
Abstract: There is extensive research on whey proteins because of its particularly high level of nutritive value. The Protein Sources Laboratory team has studied the relationship between the intake of hydrolyzed whey protein and its biological and nutritional effects at several levels of physical exercise. It has been observed that time to exhaustion is improved, serum lactate levels and metabolic stress are reduced, muscle glycogen stores are increased, and serum albumin levels are preserved. This work aimed at assessing the effects of consuming the hydrolyzed whey proteins on the metabolic redox state and the utilization of lipids as energy during physical exercise. Male Wistar rats consumed 3 diets: Experimental (AIN 93-G, prepared with hydrolyzed whey protein), Control (AIN 93-G, prepared with concentrate whey protein) and Standard (AIN 93-G). Each diet was further grouped into 4 cases (n = 7): sedentary, exhausted-sedentary trained and exhausted-trained. The hydrolyzed whey protein presented a greater antioxidant effect in vitro, than the concentrate, and its main protein components. Both the hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed whey protein increased the tryptophan blood concentration as well as the free BCAA muscle concentration, in addition to ten other amino acids. Moreover, it reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase level. Physical training also reduced its concentration, whereas exhaustion increased it. On the other hand, continuous physical exercise increased free fatty acids levels, whereas exhaustion decreased it. Moreover, both variables increased not only the muscle temperature but also 15 muscle amino acids levels as well as the triacylglycerols levels. Training led to longer time to exhaustion of the trained-exhausted than to sedentaryexhausted. Exhaustion also increased the concentration of nine serum amino acids (among them BCAAs, Ala e Gln). Both training and exhaustion, and diet had no affect on the gene expression of PPAR a, PPAR d, PGC 1a, CPT 1ß and myostatin in the muscle. No effect was observed for food intake, adipose tissue mass, blood lactate, reduced glutathione as well as serum parameters: creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, corticosterone, uric acid. These findings indicated that there are few differences between the whey-protein based diets. However, they do point out that some level of activity should also be taken into account during the biological experiments
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Lathrop, Anna H. "Elegance and expression, sweat and strength, body training, physical culture and female embodiment in women's education at the Margaret Eaton Schools, 1901-1941." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28322.pdf.
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Blanks, Anson M. "Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Monocyte Subset Receptor Expression and Macrophage Polarization." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5636.
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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is hallmarked by inflammatory immune activation, particularly by the induction of a response by monocytes. Classical (CD14++CD16-) are anti-inflammatory mediators under homeostatic conditions, while intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and non-classical (CD14LowCD16++) monocytes promote inflammation following activation. Monocyte activation and functionality is dependent upon receptor expression and ligand production by a variety of cells, including monocytes. Alterations in the expression of surface receptors often have a direct impact upon monocyte function, such as the increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to activation that accompanies elevated CD14 expression or increased chemotaxis that is elicited by increased CCR2 expression. Ligand-receptor interactions also play a significant role in cell fate, including survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Monocytes are capable of differentiating into phagocytic cells known as macrophages in response to specific ligand-receptor interactions. Macrophages play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of CVD. Imbalance between pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages can to lead disease development and progression, such as the skewing toward the M1 phenotype that occurs in CVD. Elucidation of these mechanisms will allow for the development of targeted interventions, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological physical interventions, such as physical exercise. Therefore, this dissertation investigates the role of CD14 and CCR2 monocyte subset receptors that impact immune-mediated inflammation following ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as well as physical activity and cardiorespiratory endurance related differences in the acute exercise response of monocyte signaling, recruitment, and macrophage polarization and their potential role in CVD prevention.
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Ruggeri, Adriana. "Evolução temporal dos efeitos do treinamento aeróbio sobre o conteúdo de ácido g-aminobutírico e glutamato em áreas de controle autonômico de ratos normotensos e hipertensos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-23052012-090936/.
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A hipertensão arterial cursa com hiperativação de neurônios glutamatérgicos (excitatórios) e depressão de neurônios gabaérgicos (inibitórios) em áreas centrais autonômicas. Avaliamos em ratos SHR e WKY os efeitos temporais do treinamento aeróbio (T) sobre a expressão/funcionalidade das vias gabaérgicas e glutamatérgicas no núcleo paraventricular do hipotálamo (PVN), núcleo do trato solitário (NTS) e bulbo ventrolateral rostral (RVLM), correlacionando-as a dados hemodinâmicos. SHRs apresentavam elevada PAM e FC e níveis elevados de RNAm de GAD67 no NTS. T promoveu bradicardia de repouso (T2 SHR e T8 WKY) e redução da PAM nos SHR (T8). O aumento de GAD em SHR e WKY induzido pelo T correlacionava-se com a redução da FC basal. T determinou aumento da razão inibição/excitação nos WKY e não a alterou nos SHR. Alterações nas expressões gênicas foram confirmadas por alterações similares na expressão protéica. Assim, o aumento da inibição gabaérgica essencialmente no PVN de WKY e SHR treinados é um fator determinante para a instalação da bradicardia de repouso.Hypertension is accompanied by hyperactivity of glutamatergic (excitatory) and depression of gabaergic (inhibitory) neurons in autonomic areas driving cardiovascular control. Evaluated in SHR and WKY rats the time effects of T on cardiovascular parameters and on the expression/activity of gabaergic and glutamatergic pathways in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) and rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM), correlating the hemodynamic data. SHRs exhibited elevated BP and HR and high GAD67 mRNA levels within the NTS. T caused resting bradycardia (T2 SHR and T8 WKY) and BP basal in SHR (T8). In both groups, T-induced elevated GAD expression was correlated with baseline HR reduction. T caused in the WKY augmentation of inhibitory/excitatory ratio, and did not change it in the SHR. Gene expression changes were confirmed by similar changes in protein expression. So, the increased gabaergic inhibition within the PVN of trained WKY and SHR is a main factor determining the appearance of resting bradycardia.
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Lima, José Antonio de Oliveira 1949. "Educação somática = diálogos entre educação, saúde e arte no contexto da proposta de Reorganização Postural Dinâmica." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251425.
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Orientador: Eliana AyoubTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação
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Abstract: This is a presentation and description of a corporal work technique which is entered in the universe of the somatic education in which the current conception is discussed, including that which concerns the rescue of the individual as a social being. The speech's development explores information in this universe, and manifest themselves in the dialogues between the look of health sciences, art and pedagogy that pervades the entire work. This discussion is based on the body's reality undergone an anatomical, physical, and historical process that determine their movement as an individual, based on what is possible to rescue from these wholes in construction of proposed actions that are in a body technique called: Dynamic Postural Reorganization.
Doutorado
Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte
Doutor em Educação
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Santos, Solange Almeida dos. "Terapia de fotobiomodulação associada ao exercício físico no estresse oxidativo em modelo experimental de artrite reumatoide induzida por colágeno." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2016. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1860.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by chronic and systemic inflammation, which leads to destruction of the cartilage and bone, and affects tissues in multiple joints. Oxidative stress has been implicated in involvement in various disease conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In vivo experimental studies using photobiomodulation therapy (FBM) have shown positive effects in reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant activity. The regular practice of physical exercise has also been reported as a beneficial treatment capable of reducing oxidative damage. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of photobiomodulation therapy at 2 joules and 4 joules doses associated with physical exercise on oxidative stress in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis in protein expression: superoxide dismutase (SOD); Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Catalase (CAT) on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Twenty-four male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups were submitted to an AR model (CIA). First immunization were performed at the base of the tail on the days 0 and 07, and after 28 days the third dose was administered intra-articular in both knees of the animals. After the last induction, FBM therapy was started immediately, transcutaneously at two points: medial and lateral, with a total of 15 applications. Treadmill exercise started the day after the last induction and lasted 5 weeks. As results we obtained the decrease of the lipid peroxidation and the increase of antioxidant activities of SOD, GPX and CAT with physical exercise associated to FBM in doses of 2 joules and 4 joules. Conclusion: Physical exercise associated with FBM therapy decreases lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant activity.
A artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma doença inflamatória crônica redicivante caracterizada por uma inflamação crônica e sistêmica. O estresse oxidativo tem sido referido no envolvimento em várias condições de doenças, como artrite reumatóide (AR). Estudos experimentais in vivo, utilizando a terapia de fotobiomodulação têm demonstrado efeitos positivos na diminuição da peroxidação lipídica, e no aumento das atividades antioxidantes. A prática regular de exercício físico também vem sendo relatada como um tratamento benéfico capaz de diminuir os danos oxidativos. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos da terapia de fotobiomodualçao nas doses 2 joules e 4 joules associado ao exercício físico sobre marcadores de estresse oxidativo em modelo experimental de artrite reumatóide. Foram analisadas expressão proteica: superóxido dismutase (SOD); e Glutationa Peroxidase (GPX) e Catalase (CAT), sobre as substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). 24 ratos machos wistar divididos em 4 grupos foram submetidos a um modelo de AR (CIA), 1ª imunização realizada na base da cauda nos dias 0, 07, e após 28 dias foi administrada 3ª dose intra-articular em ambos joelhos dos animais. Após última indução a terapia de fotobiomodulação foi iniciada imediatamente, por via transcutânea em dois pontos: medial e lateral, as aplicações seguintes aconteceram em dias alternados, totalizando 15 aplicações. O exercício na esteira começou no dia subsequente a última indução e teve duração de 5 semanas. Como resultados obtivemos a diminuição da peroxidação lipídica e aumento das atividades antioxidantes da SOD, GPX e CAT com exercício físico associado a terapia de fptpbiomodulação nas doses de 2 joules e 4 joules. Conclusão: O exercício físico associado a terapia de fotobiomodulação diminui peroxidação lipídica e aumenta atividades antioxidantes.
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Fahey, Joseph Francis. "Americanized Delsarte Culture as physical and political expression : how American women shaped Francois Delsarte's system of applied aesthetics into a progressive force for social reform, performance, and professionalism /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282920980.
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Wang, Zheng. "THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION PRACTICES, TILLAGE, AND ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA ON BELL PEPPER PRODUCTIVITY AND PHYSIOLOGY UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/55.
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To evaluate the strip tillage in organic bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production as an integrated system for sustainable vegetable cropping two-years of field trials were conducted in 2011 and 2012. The field trials were conducted to determine the viability of strip tillage in conventional and organic bell pepper production systems by comparing plant growth, water status, and fruit yield to plastic mulch grown plants application under different irrigation regimes. The two-year field data demonstrated that organic pepper with strip tillage application was a viable combination that produced comparable yield to conventional plastic mulch system and utilized water more economically.
In 2011 and 2013, strip-tilled rows and plastic mulched rows were used to evaluate the impact of tillage on soil hydraulic conductivity and water internal drainage characteristics. Results indicated that strip-tilled plots had significantly higher in-row penetration resistance compared to the plastic mulch system at depths up to 20 cm, but no differences between the systems were found for layers below 25 cm. In addition, there were no differences in hydraulic conductivity between strip tillage and plastic mulch in both study years over a 30-day period. Also, significant main effects were found for soil layer and time scale on hydraulic conductivity in the first 24 hour of the study in 2013.
During field trials in 2011 and 2012, plant tissues were sampled for endophytic bacteria isolation and identification. Differences in endophytic bacteria were obtained among different production combinations. In 2013, endophytic bacteria isolates from 2011 and 2012 trials were re-inoculated to bell pepper grown in greenhouse to assess plant growth. Two Pseudomonas sp. and one Bacillus thioparans strain were screened to evaluate their affects on plant growth under both drought and non-drought conditions. After growth comparisons, the three endophytic strains were used to subsequently study the impacts of endophyte inoculation on regulating plant drought-linked gene expressions in 2014 by conducting real-time PCR. Results demonstrated that plant drought-linked genes, which especially involved plant ethylene biosynthesis, were significantly down-regulated after inoculating the endophytic bacterial strains.
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Huffman, Derek M. "Calorie restriction, exercise and body fat effects on cancer and markers of longevity /." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/huffman.pdf.
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Schantz, Peter. "Plasticity of human skeletal muscle : with special reference to effects of physical training on enzyme levels of the NADH shuttles and phenotypic expression of slow and fast myofibrillar proteins." Doctoral thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-383.
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Oliveira, Andre Matos de. "Papel da atividade física e da dieta nas alterações vesicais funcionais e moleculares: estudo em modelo experimental murino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-07022019-153320/.
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Introdução: O sedentarismo e obesidade têm sido descritos como fatores de risco relevantes para o desenvolvimento de sintomas do trato urinário inferior (STUI). No presente estudo investigamos o papel da atividade física nas alterações vesicais funcionais e moleculares induzidas por dieta hiperlipídica em ratos. Material e método: Ratos machos Wistar com oito semanas de idade foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: 1. atividade física (AF) e dieta padrão (DP); 2. AF e dieta rica em gorduras (DHL); 3. Sedentários (SED) com DP; 4. SED e DHL. Os ratos dos Grupos 1 e 2 foram submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento de natação por 10 semanas. Ao final do protocolo, realizamos estudo funcional vesical (urodinâmico) nos ratos anestesiados, e extraímos o tecido vesical para estudo molecular da via de sinalização da insulina (IRS1/IRS2/PI3K/AKT/eNOS) através do método de reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa em tempo real (qRT-PCR). Resultados: Após 10 semanas, os grupos 1 e 2 apresentaram respectivamente menor ganho de peso corporal quando comparados aos grupos 3 (213,89 vs 261,63 gramas, p=0,04) e 4 (209,84 vs 257,57 gramas, p=0,04), assim como menor peso da gordura epididimária quando comparados aos grupos 3 (14,06 vs 19,74 gramas, p=0,01) e 4 (15,26 vs 20,38, p=0,02). Na soma das intervenções (sedentarismo e dieta hiperlipidica), o grupo 4 apresentou maior nível de insulina sérica (6,05 vs 4,14 ng/ml, p=0,038) e índice HOMA-IR (1,95 vs 1,09, p=0,006) em comparação ao grupo 1, sugerindo padrão de resistencia à insulina. A análise urodinâmica, na comparação do grupo 4 vs grupo 1, demonstrou padrão de hiperatividade vesical naquele: maior numero de micções (13,6 vs 6,0, p=0,04), maior pressão pós miccional (8,06 vs 5,08 mmHg, p=0,04), menor capacidade (0,29 vs 0,91 ml, p=0,008) e complacência vesical (0,027 vs 0,091ml/mmHg, p=0,016). Quanto ao estudo molecular da via de sinalização da insulina no tecido vesical, o efeito da dieta hiperlipídica resultou em subexpressão de toda a via (IRS1, IRS2, PI3K, AKT e NOS3). Em contrapartida, o efeito da atividade física resultou em superexpressão da via, em especial quando comparamos ratos com ingesta de gordura (grupo 2 x 4), assim como na comparação dos grupos \"extremos\" (grupo 1 x 4). Conclusão: A exposição dos ratos a DHL resultou em subexpressão molecular da via de sinalização de insulina no tecido vesical, assim como a AF gerou superexpressão desta, em especial nos ratos expostos a DHL. A exposição dos animais a DHL em associação a hábitos sedentários resultou em obesidade, resistência à insulina e padrão sugestivo de hiperatividade vesical em comparação aos expostos a AF e DPIntroduction: Sedentary lifestyle and obesity have been described as relevant risk factors for the development of lower urinary tract symptoms. In the present study we investigate the role of physical activity in the functional and molecular bladder alterations resulting from obesity induced by hyperlipidic diet in rats. Material and methods: Wistar male rats at eight weeks of age were randomized into groups: 1. physical activity (AF) and standard diet (DP); 2. AF and high fat diet (DHL); 3. sedentary (SED) with DP; 4.SED and DHL. Group 1 and 2 rats were subjected to a 10-week swimming training protocol. Urodynamic study was performed and expression of genes in bladder tissue (IRS1 / IRS2 / PI3K / AKT / eNOS) was evaluated. Results: Results: Groups 1 and 2 presented lower body weight gain than groups 3 (213.89 vs 261.63 grams (g), p=0.04) and 4 (209.84 vs 257.57 g, p=0.04), respectively. Group 4 had higher insulin level (6.05±1.79 vs 4.14±1.14 ng/ml, p=0.038) and higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (1.95 vs 1.09, p=0.006) than group 1. Group 4 had greater number of micturitions (13.6 vs 6.0, p=0.04), higher post-void pressure (8.06 vs 5.08, p=0.04), lower capacity (0.29 vs 0.91 ml, p=0.008) and lower bladder compliance (0.027 vs 0.091 ml/mmHg, p=0.016) versus group 1. HFD resulted in underexpression throughout insulin signaling pathway. Physical activity resulted in overexpression of the pathway, especially in comparisons between the rats with fat intake (groups 2 and 4) and the extreme groups (groups 1 and 4). Conclusion: Exposure of rats to hyperlipidic diet in addition to a sedentary pattern resulted in obesity, insulin resistance, urodynamic pattern suggestive of bladder hyperactivity and molecular subexpression of the IRS2 / PI3K / AKT / eNOS pathway in comparison to rats exposed to physical activity and standard diet. Physical activity generated overexpression of this molecular pathway, especially in rats exposed to a hyperlipidic diet
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Soci, Ursula Paula Renó. "Perfil de microRNAs expressos no coração de ratas normotensas treinadas e o potencial terapêutico na hipertensão arterial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-16032015-162042/.
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O treinamento físico aeróbio (TF) e a hipertensão arterial (HA) induzem hipertrofia cardíaca (HC) com características diferentes, e entre as diferenças moleculares podem estar a elucidação de abordagens terapêuticas como os microRNAs (miRNAs). Selecionamos de dados de miRNAarray, 15 miRNAs cardíacos induzidos por dois protocolos de treinamento físico de natação (TF) e comparamos com o miRNAarray em modelo de hipertensão arterial (animais espontaneamente hipertensos, SHR). Foram selecionados 4 miRNAs de interesse (miRNA-27a, 27b, 126 e 29c) que seguiram para a confirmação de sua expressão por qRT-PCR. Destes, selecionamos o miRNA-29c para que fosse realizada a modulação in vivo em SHR jovens. Foi realizada injeção cardíaca intramuscular de partículas de vetor lentiviral para a superexpressão do miRNA-29c. Foram testadas duas doses: baixa (B), 0,6x109 pv/animal e alta (A), 3x109 pv/animal; e por dois períodos de tratamento: 7 e 14 dias. Foi avaliada a expressão de GFP em fígado e coração por western blott para observar a eficiência da transdução viral in vivo. Os efeitos do tratamento na pressão arterial (PA) foram analisados por pletismografia de cauda; na HC pela razão VE/PC (peso do ventrículo esquerdo/peso corporal), peso do coração/PC e (cor/PC), e pelo diâmetro de cardiomiócitos (dCMO) por histologia. qRT-PCR foi utilizado para investigar a expressão do miRNA-29c e seus alvos, colágeno do tipo I e do tipo III (COLIAI e COLIIIAI). O conteúdo de colágeno também foi medido por análise histológica (picrossírius), pela fração volumétrica de colágeno (% col), e pela concentração de OHprolina no VE. Os grupos que receberam baixa dose das partículas lentivirais foram positivos para GFP em coração e fígado, tendo sido assumida a dose baixa como eficiente para futuras transduções. Todos os grupos tratados apresentaram aumento da expressão do miRNA-29c. A expressão gênica do COLIAI diminuiu para os grupos tratados o que não ocorreu para o COLIIIAI. A fração volumétrica foi menor em todos os grupos tratados o que mostra evidência que o tratamento foi eficaz para diminuir a concentração de colágeno cardíaco. Houve diminuição no cor/PC de 7-11% para os grupos SHR7A e SHR7B, que foi concatenada com um aumento no dCMO, com diminuição da fibrose. Nossos resultados sugerem, portanto, que o tratamento com o miRNA29c induz remodelamento cardíaco benéfico, abrindo perspectivas para investigações adicionais sobre terapias antifibróticas para doenças cardiovascularesBoth aerobic exercise training (ET) and Hypertension (HY) induce different cardiac hypertrophy (CH) phenotypes which molecular differences and may lead to new targets for therapies in cardiovascular disease, as microRNAs (miRNAs). We selected 15 miRNAS that were changed by ET from miRNAarray data and compared them with other from HY miRNAarray data. Four miRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR confirmation: miRNA-27a, 27b, 126 e 29c. Among then, miRNA 29c was choosen to be modulated by lentiviral vector due its role in fibrosis regulation. Intramuscular cardiac injection of the lentiviral vector particles was performed following two doses; low-dose , 0,6x109 vp/rat and high 3x109 vp/rat; and for two different times (7 and 14 days). The transduction efficiency was assessed by GFP expression by western blot. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by caudal pletysmography, CH was analysed by ratio LVw/BW (left ventricle weight/body weight), heartw/BW (heart weight/body weight) and by cardiomyocyte diameter (dCMO). qRT-PCR was used to assess miRNA-29c expression and its targets COLIAI and COLIIIAI gene expression. The LV collagen content was assessed by histology (Picrossirius red), by collagen volume fraction, and by Hydroxiproline concentration. Both groups that received the lowe doses were GFP positive in the heart and liver tissue,We assumed that low doses were better for future in vivo transduction. BP did not increase to SHR14A and SHR14B, what did not occurred to the 7 days groups. The miRNA-29c expression increased in all treated groups versus their control (CSI). COLIAI expression decreased in treated groups, while COLIIIAI did not change. Collagen volume fraction decreased in all treated groups, which shows that the treatment was efficient to decrease the cardiac collagen. Heart/BW decreased 7-11% in SHR14B and SHR14A and there were an increase in dCMO in all treated groups, that shows that cardiac remodeling of treated SHR included an increase in size of CMO and a decrease in cardiac fibrosis Our data suggests that there is a beneficial cardiac remodeling after treatment with miRNA-29c, which opens perspective for further investigation of antifibrotic therapies for cardiovascular disease
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Prigent, Elise. "Modulation émotionnelle de la perception de l’action motrice d’autrui." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA113006.
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L’être humain est un être social amené à comprendre les comportements moteurs d’autrui. Selon la littérature, nous disposons de mécanismes cognitifs spécifiques, d’une part à la perception d’un corps humain (qu’il soit statique ou en mouvement), et d’autre part à la perception des expressions faciales émotionnelles. Ce travail de thèse vise à comprendre dans quelle mesure l'émotion véhiculée par le visage d'une personne, peut moduler notre perception de son action motrice. Les résultats de l’étude 1 ont montré que l’estimation de l’équilibre statique d’autrui pouvait être modulée par l’expression faciale émotionnelle (de sourire ou de crispation) exprimée par celui-ci. L’étude 2, a porté sur l’estimation de l’effort physique développé par une personne uniquement à partir de son expression faciale de douleur. Les résultats ont montré que les participants, dans ce type de tâche, utilisent deux mécanismes perceptifs automatiques. Le premier, mis en évidence par mesure fonctionnelle, facilite l’estimation de l’intensité de douleur à l’effort ressentie par autrui. Le second, démontré par la mesure d’un biais de mémorisation, entraîne une anticipation automatique de la suite de l’évolution de l’expression faciale de douleur à l’effort présentée. L’étude 3 a montré que l’estimation de l’effort physique développé par une personne atteinte de paraplégie réalisant un mouvement de transfert, est modulée par deux comportements de douleur (l’auto-protection et l’expression faciale de douleur). Toutefois, cette modulation diffère selon la familiarité des participants avec le monde médical et la paraplégie. En conclusion, ce travail de recherche propose que la modulation émotionnelle de la perception de l’action motrice d’autrui est en premier lieu sous-tendue par un processus automatique et implicite de contagion émotionnelle (bottom-up). Toutefois, cette dernière peut être inhibée par un processus explicite (top-down) qui dépendrait d’une part du type d’inférence à effectuer sur autrui (estimer l’équilibre postural ou l’effort physique développé), et d’autre part de la familiarité de l’observateur avec l’action motrice et les expressions faciales présentéesUnderstanding others’ motor behaviour is part and parcel of Humans’ social experience. According to scientific literature, we rely on specific mechanisms for perceiving human bodies (whether static or moving) on the one hand, and processing emotional facial expressions on the other hand. This thesis aims to understand to what extent the emotion conveyed by a person’s face can modulate one’s perception of her/his motor action. Results of study 1 showed that our estimation of an individual’s static equilibrium is modulated by the observed individual’s emotional facial expression (smiling or tensed). Study 2 focused on perceptual estimation of the physical effort developed by a person on the basis of his facial expression of pain alone. Results revealed that participants adopt two automatic perceptual mechanisms. The first, highlighted via functional measurement, facilitates estimating the intensity of effort pain felt by others. The second, evidenced by measuring memory bias, leads to an automatic anticipation of the subsequent changes in the intensity of pain-related facial expressions. Study 3 showed that the estimation of physical effort developed by a paraplegic individual performing a transfer movement is modulated by two pain behaviours (guarding and facial expression of pain). Interestingly, this modulation varies with participants’ familiarity with both the medical domain and paraplegia. The conclusion of this research suggests that the modulation of emotional perception related to others’ motor action is primarily subtended by an automatic (bottom-up) process and an implicit emotional contagion. However, the latter can be inhibited by an explicit (top-down) process which may depend on (1) the type of inference made on others (estimating postural balance or physical effort developed in others), and (2) the familiarity of the observer with motor action and facial expressions
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Blankenship-Sefczek, Erin C. "Assessing the effects of developmental stress and the shift to agriculture on tooth crown size, cusp spacing, and accessory cusp expression in modern humans through the Patterning Cascade Model of morphogenesis." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574420596070903.
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Silva, Vinícius Rodrigues 1982. "Efeito da atividade física aeróbica programada sobre a pressão arterial, expressão da via NFkB e da HSP 70 em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos = Effect of physical activity program in aerobic blood pressure and expression in NFkB pathway and HSP 70 in spontaneously hypertensive rats." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309928.
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Orientador: José Antônio Rocha GontijoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O treinamento físico progressivo deve ser considerado uma escolha terapêutica valiosa em portadores de doenças cardiovasculares, incluindo hipertensão arterial. Assim sendo o objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar os efeitos da atividade física programada, com diferentes intensidades e duração do treinamento, sobre a pressão arterial sistêmica, o manuseio tubular renal de sódio e filtração glomerular, a manipulação renal de sódio e a expressão de proteínas da via inflamatório: TNF-R1, p-I?B, NF?B e a proteína do choque térmico HSP-70 em tecido renal e ventricular esquerdo de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) e Wistar Kyoto (WKY) Métodos: Os ratos de ambas as linhagens realizaram atividade física em meio aquoso termoneutro, sendo as duas primeiras semanas compostas por treinamento adaptivo à água e as 4 semanas seguinte compostas por treinamento incremental utilizando chumbo como peso extracorpóreo. Foram semanalmente mensurados o peso corporal e lactato sanguíneo (reação de colorimetria) em ambas as linhagens e em todos os grupos experimentais, após 4 e 6 semanas de treinamento foram analisadas a função renal (mensuração de creatinina, sódio, lítio e potássio), ensaio da atividade da citrato síntese (reação de colorimetrial), determinação da hipertrofia cardíaca (determinação do índice de hipertrofia cardíaca), análise dos valores de pressão arterial sistêmica (pletismografia) western blot de tecido renal e ventricular esquerdo e imunohistoquímica de tecido renal. Os dados foram analisados utilizando teste ANOVA para análise dos valores de massa corporal e teste t student para as demais variáveis. Resultados: Os dados de lactato sanguíneo não ultrapassaram 5,5 mmol/L em nenhuma semana de treinamento em ambas as linhagens caracterizando treinamento de predominância aeróbia, os valores de lactato sanguíneo comprovaram a eficiência do exercício físico propostos sendo maiores nos grupos treinados de ambas as linhas pós 6 semanas de treinamento, o estudo mostraram também que a pressão arterial foi reduzida significativamente em ratos SHRT vs. SHRS após 4 e 6 semanas de treinamento 180, 6 '+ ou -' 4,3 mmHg em SHRS para 126,2 '+ ou -' 2,2 mmHg em SHRT (P <0,05). Além disso, os dados da filtração glomerular bem como o manuseio tubular renal de sódio nos apontam um aumento da excreção de sódio urinário em ratos fracionada SHRT de 0,2 '+ ou -' 0,07-, 8 '+ ou -' 0,03% (P <0, 001) em comparação com SHRS, apesar de uma depuração da creatinina inalterada. Este FENa aumentou consistentemente em SHRT foi acompanhado por um aumento significativo da excreção de sódio proximal e pós-proximal (de 4,0 '+ ou -' 0,9-2,3 '+ ou -' 0,9%, respectivamente (P <0,01). Esta excreção de sódio melhorada fracionada no longo prazo SHR foi treinada seguida por um aumento significativo na FEK de 0,2 '+ ou -' 0,03-0,5 '+ ou -' 0,02%, quando comparado com animais de SHRs (P <0,009), com relação aos dados referentes à via inflamatória, observamos menor expressão de NF?B em ratos SHRT vs. SHRS após 4 semanas de treinamento e uma tendência à manutenção dessa menor expressão após 6 semanas, além de verificarmos uma expressão significativa maior em SHRT vs. SHRS de HSP 70 após a sexta semana de treinamento. Conclusão: O presente estudo pode indicar que, no rim, em longo prazo de exercício exerce um efeito modulador sobre tubular excreção de sódio. Na verdade, o estudo indica uma associação de natriurese aumentar com a queda nos níveis de pressão arterial, observadas em SHRT, em comparação com ratos de mesma faixa etária SHRS, além de promover aumento da expressão de HSP 70 e uma tendência a diminuição do processo inflamatório
Abstract: Aims: Progressive exercise training should be considered a valuable therapeutic choice in cardiovascular disease including arterial hypertension. Since the long-term changes in renal sodium tubule handling are associated with SHR hypertensive development, we hypothesize that aerobic exercise (plasma lactate levels smaller than 5.5 mmol/L/100 g body mass) and increased citrate synthase activity) training may cause an enhancement in urinary sodium excretion associated with blood pressure fall in conscious, trained Okamoto-Aoki rats (SHRT) compared with appropriate age-matched sedentary SHR (SHRS). To test this hypothesis, we study the tubular sodium handling, evaluated by lithium clearance, in conscious SHRT, compared with their appropriate controls (SHRS). Methods: To evaluate the influence of exercise training compared with sedentary rats on estimate renal function we used creatinine and lithium clearance methods. The exercise training was carried out according to a protocol consisting of graded swim-training exercises, with progressive increments of overload using weights attached to the animals' tails. Data obtained over time were analyzed using appropriate ANOVA and Student t test. Results: Regarding the effects of long-term aerobic, the current study demonstrated that increased blood pressure in SHR was blunted and significantly reduced by long-term swim training between the ages of 6-wks and 12-wks old from systolic blood pressure averaged 150,6'+ or -' 4,3 mmHg in SHRS to 126,2'+ or -'2,2 mmHg in SHRT (P<0,05). Additionally, the investigation observed an increased fractional urinary sodium excretion in SHRT rats from 0.2 '+ or -' 0.07 to 0.8 '+ or -' 0.03% (P<0.001) compared to SHRS, despite a unchanged creatinine clearance. This consistently increased FENa in SHRT was accompanied by a significant enhancement in proximal and post-proximal sodium excretion (from 4.0 '+ or -' 0.9 to 2.3 '+ or -' 0.9 %, respectively (P<0.01).This enhanced fractional sodium excretion in long-term trained SHR was followed by a significant increase in FEK from 0.2 '+ or -' 0.03 to 0.5 '+ or -' 0.02% when compared with SHRS animals (P<0.009). Conclusion: The present study may indicate that, in the kidney, long-term exercise exerts a modulating effect on tubular sodium excretion with unchanged glomerular filtration rate. In fact, the present study indicates an association of increasing natriuresis with the fall in blood pressure levels observed in SHRT, compared with age-matched SHRS rats
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Médica
Mestre em Ciências
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Sharp, Aaron Robert. "Improving Cotton Agronomics with Diverse Genomic Technologies." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5845.
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Agronomic outcomes are the product of a plant's genotype and its environment. Genomic technologies allow farmers and researchers new avenues to explore the genetic component of agriculture. These technologies can also enhance understanding of environmental effects. With a growing world population, a wide variety of tools will be necessary to increase the agronomic productivity. Here I use massively parallel, deep sequencing of RNA (RNA-Seq) to measure changes in cotton gene expression levels in response to a change in the plant's surroundings caused by conservation tillage. Conservation tillage is an environmentally friendly, agricultural practice characterized by little or no inversion of the soil prior to planting. In addition to changes in cotton gene expression and biological pathway activity, I assay the transcriptional activity of microbial symbiotes living in and around the cotton roots. I found a large degree of similarity between cotton individuals in different treatments. However, under conventional disk tillage I did find significantly greater activity of cotton phosphatase and sulfate transport genes, as well as greater abundance of the microbes Candidatus Burkholderia brachynathoides and Arthrobacter species L77. This study also includes the use of high-throughput physical mapping of DNA to examine the genomic structure of a wild cotton species, Gossypium raimondii, which is closely related to the economically significant crop species Gossypium hirsutum. This technology characterizes genomic regions by assembling large input DNA molecules labeled at restriction enzyme recognition sites. I created an efficient algorithm and generated 812 whole genome assemblies from two datasets. The best of these assemblies allowed us to detect 3,806 potential misassemblies in the current release of the G. raimondii genome sequence assembly.
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Guennel, Tobias. "Statistical Methods for Normalization and Analysis of High-Throughput Genomic Data." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2647.
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High-throughput genomic datasets obtained from microarray or sequencing studies have revolutionized the field of molecular biology over the last decade. The complexity of these new technologies also poses new challenges to statisticians to separate biological relevant information from technical noise. Two methods are introduced that address important issues with normalization of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) microarrays and the analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) studies. Many studies investigating copy number aberrations at the DNA level for cancer and genetic studies use comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on oligo arrays. However, aCGH data often suffer from low signal to noise ratios resulting in poor resolution of fine features. Bilke et al. showed that the commonly used running average noise reduction strategy performs poorly when errors are dominated by systematic components. A method called pcaCGH is proposed that significantly reduces noise using a non-parametric regression on technical covariates of probes to estimate systematic bias. Then a robust principal components analysis (PCA) estimates any remaining systematic bias not explained by technical covariates used in the preceding regression. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated on two CGH datasets measuring the NCI-60 cell lines utilizing NimbleGen and Agilent microarrays. The method achieves a nominal error variance reduction of 60%-65% as well as an 2-fold increase in signal to noise ratio on average, resulting in more detailed copy number estimates. Furthermore, correlations of signal intensity ratios of NimbleGen and Agilent arrays are increased by 40% on average, indicating a significant improvement in agreement between the technologies. A second algorithm called gamSeq is introduced to test for differential gene expression in RNA sequencing studies. Limitations of existing methods are outlined and the proposed algorithm is compared to these existing algorithms. Simulation studies and real data are used to show that gamSeq improves upon existing methods with regards to type I error control while maintaining similar or better power for a range of sample sizes for RNA-Seq studies. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to detect differential 3' UTR usage.
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Alves, Cleber Renê. "Expressão e seleção de microRNAs no músculo esquelético de homens saudáveis submetidos ao treinamento físico aeróbio\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-13082014-090544/.
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O treinamento físico aeróbio (TFA) foi estabelecido como uma conduta importante capaz de alterar a musculatura esquelética humana. Os microRNAs (miRs) surgiram como importantes reguladores de processos biológicos, modulando a expressão de genes pós-transcricionalmente. Os myomiRs são miRs específico do músculo esquelético, em especial o miR-206, que é necessário para uma eficiente regeneração das fibras musculares esqueléticas. No entanto, a expressão do miR-206 em resposta ao TFA, não é completamente comprendida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar os padrões de expressão dos myomiRs na musculatura esquelética humana. Doze voluntários saudáveis foram biopsiados pré e pós-treinamento físico. As expressões gênicas e proteicas envolvidas na miogênese foram observadas, incluindo; PAX-7, MYF5, MYOD, MRF4, MYOG, CD31 e FSTL. Além disso, a freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (PAM), consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), fluxo sanguineo no antebraço (FSA) e condutância vascular no antebraço (CVA), foram avaliados. Ademais, os myomiRs foram analisados por PCR em tempo real. O treinamento físico aeróbio foi realizado durante 16 semanas. Todas as variáveis foram reavaliadas após o treinamento. Os indivíduos apresentaram um aumento nas expressões dos myomiRs, em especial do miRs-206 de 93%. Estas alterações foram acompanhadas por aumento nas expressões dos genes; PAX-7, MYOD, MYF5, MFR4, MYOG e FSTL, respectivamente. No entanto, quando analisamos as expressões proteicas, houve redução na FSTL e PAX-7, de 24%, 29%, respectivamente. Além disso, em MYOD, CD31, MYOG e MHC houve aumentos de 21%, 41%, 79% e 94%, respectivamente. Ademais, houve uma diminuição na frequência cardíaca de reposuso de 12,5% e aumentos no VO2pico, FSA e CVA de 14,1%, 68%, 63%, respectivamente. Estes resultados sugerem que em indivíduos saudáveis o miRs-206 é altamente expresso após o treinamento físico aeróbio, dessa forma, modulando localmente processos miogênicos regenerativos em homens saudáveisEndurance training (ET) has been established as an important phenotype capable of altering the human skeletal muscle. MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as important regulators of numerous biological processes by modulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The myomiRs are particulars miRs of muscles, in special skeletal muscle-specific miR-206 that is required for efficient regeneration muscle fiber. However, the expression of myomiRs and in special miR-206 in response to ET in human skeletal muscle is not completely understood. Twelve healthy volunteers were biopsied pre and post period endurance training. Most of the biological processes involved in the transcriptional regulation were observed, including PAX-7, MYF5, MYOD, MRF4, MYOG, CD31 and FSTL, analyzed by real time PCR. Moreover, heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), maximal exercise capacity (VO2peak) forearm blood flow (FBF) and forearm vascular conductance (FVC) were evaluated. The myomiRs levels analyzed by real-time PCR. Endurance training was performed for 16 weeks. All variables were re-assessed following completion of the training period. After endurance training, the individuals showed an increase in myomiRs, in special of 93% in human skeletal muscle in miRNA-206 levels. These alterations were accompanied by increase in PAX-7, MYOD, MYF5, MFR4, MYOG and FSTL gene expression, respectively. However, when analyzed by western blot comparing pre and post period there were reduction in FSTL of 24% and PAX-7 of 29% in protein levels, but in MYOD, CD31, MYOG and MHC there were increase of 21%, 41%, 79% and 94% in protein levels, respectively. In addition, there was a decrease in hear rate of 12.5% and increases in VO2peak of 14.1%, FBF of 68% and FVC of 63%.These results suggest that in healthy individuals the miR-206 is highly expressed after endurance training, thus modulating locally important parts in myogenic processes in humans
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Leggett, Gemma. "A changing picture of health : health-related exercise policy and practice in physical education curricula in secondary schools in England and Wales." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5757.
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This thesis documents and explores health-related exercise (HRE) policy and practice within selected secondary schools in England and Wales, and examines the impact of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) revisions (DfEE/QCA and Welsh Assembly, 1999) on the status and expression of HRE in the curriculum. It also considers the factors affecting teachers' approaches to change and their consequent decisions and behaviours. Specifically, the research makes comparisons between the policy and practice in schools at the time of data collection (2000) and that reported by Harris (1997). The methodology incorporated both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Case studies were completed in 2001 in five strategically selected mixed sex state schools, three of which were located in one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England and two of which were in one LEA in Wales. One of the English schools was a specialist sports college (SSC). Case study data analysis focused on the status and expression of health within each school, with particular attention to HRE policy and practice prior to and following the National Curriculum revisions. This analysis also explored the factors influencing the delivery of HRE in each department. The case study element of the research included the lesson observation of a unit of work on health-related aspects of PE in one school from the English LEA. This allowed an examination of the translation of school level policy into practice. A survey of all the secondary schools in the two case study LEAs in 2001 elicited questionnaire responses from 67.5% of heads of PE departments (PE HoDs). Analysis employed the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The findings revealed that delivery of HRE in case study schools was based on a fitness for sports performance perspective, utilising fitness testing and training. This was despite many teachers reporting a philosophy for physical education that reflected a fitness for life perspective with pupils adopting active lifestyles as its goal. Case study schools reported that the NCPE had influenced HRE delivery, however, limited change had resulted from the 1999 revisions.
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Ragas, Moner A. "Refining a Post-Stroke Pharmacological and Physical Treatment to Reduce Infarct Volume or Improve Functional Recovery, Using Gene Expression Changes in the Peri-Infarct Region to Examine Potential Mechanisms in Male and Female Rats." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1470395029.
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Schütz, Luís Fernando. "Evidências de atividade da via metabólica da frutose em neonatos bovinos derivados de embriões produzidos in vitro e in vivo e seu efeito no período neonatal imediato." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2012. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/883.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-27Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Newborn calves derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures often have difficulties to adapt to life ex utero, with high birth weights usually associated with high plasma fructose levels in some in vitro-produced calves. We hypothesize that the fructose metabolic pathway is active at birth, with the fructosemia levels being either detrimental or beneficial to animal survival depending on the respiratory function in the neonate. To investigate this hypothesis, four and five newborn calves derived from in vitro- and in vivo-produced embryos were evaluated for morpho-physiological and clinical normality at birth, and for subsequent signs adaptation to life ex utero in the first 24 h of life. At birth, animals were subjected to gene expression analyses for key enzymes in the fructose metabolic pathway and to the collection of fetal fluids and urine for fructose analysis. In addition, during the period between birth and 24 h of life, animals were evaluated for clinical signs, plasma concentrations of metabolic substrates, blood chemistry, hemogasometry, and hematologic parameters. Neonatal physical, clinical, and behavioral traits were compared with physiological, biochemical, metabolic, and molecular findings observed at birth and in the first 24 h of life for the determination of physiological alterations and relationships of biological significance between the experimental groups. In vitro-derived newborn calves were heavier and larger at birth, having lower respiratory rate and thermoregulatory response than in vivo-derived controls, with no significant differences in fructose, glucose and lactate levels between groups. Nevertheless, physiological and metabolic findings at birth, in general, were widely similar and normal between groups. However, during the first 24 h of life, IVF-derived calves showed physiological, metabolic, biochemical, hemogasometric, and hematologic features indicative of a lower adaptation to life ex utero, particularly in the first 4 to 6 h of life. The main differences indicated that larger animals, mainly the IVF-derived calves, had more difficulties to maintain plasma oxygen levels, likely due to a less efficient hematosis, with evidence of a metabolic shift and elevation of metabolic substrates (mostly lactate), and a trend for acidosis followed by a compensatory normalization of the acid-base balance, predominantly in the first 6 h of life. The physiological and metabolic role of fructose was apparent, but not conclusive
Neonatos bovinos derivados de fecundação in vitro (FIV) frequentemente apresentam dificuldades de adaptação à vida ex utero, estando o excesso de peso ao nascer associado a elevadas concentrações plasmáticas de frutose em alguns bezerros de FIV. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a via metabólica da frutose é ativa ao nascimento, podendo ser benéfica ou prejudicial à sobrevivência neonatal, dependendo da função respiratória do neonato. Para investigar esta hipótese, quatro neonatos bovinos derivados de embriões produzidos in vitro e cinco de embriões in vivo foram avaliados quanto à normalidade morfo-fisiológica e clínica ao nascimento, e quanto a sinais de adaptação ao ambiente extrauterino nas primeiras 24 h de vida. Ao nascimento, os animais foram submetidos à análise de expressão gênica de enzimas da via metabólica da frutose e à coleta de fluídos fetais e de urina para mensuração da frutose. Durante o período do parto até as 24 h de vida, foram avaliados os sinais clínicos, as concentrações plasmáticas de substratos metabólicos, a bioquímica sanguínea, a hemogasometria e o hemograma. As características físicas, clínicas e comportamentais dos neonatos foram comparadas aos parâmetros fisiológicos, bioquímicos, metabólicos e moleculares avaliados ao parto e nas primeiras 24 h de vida para a determinação de alterações fisiológicas e inter-relações de significância biológica entre os grupos experimentais. Os neonatos bovinos derivados de FIV foram mais pesados e maiores ao nascimento, apresentando uma menor frequência respiratória e uma menor resposta termoregulatória que animais SOV, não havendo diferenças nos níveis de frutose, glicose e lactato entre os grupos. Não obstante, os parâmetros fisiológicos e metabólicos ao nascimento foram, em geral, amplamente similares e normais entre os grupos experimentais. Porém, ao longo das primeiras 24 h, os neonatos de FIV apresentaram características fisiológicas, metabólicas, bioquímicas, hemogasométricas, e hematológicas indicativas de uma maior dificuldade de adaptação à vida ex utero, em especial nas primeiras 4 a 6 h após de vida. As principais diferenças indicaram que animais maiores, em especial os de FIV, apresentaram maior dificuldade para a manutenção da normóxia, por uma hematose menos eficiente, mudanças metabólicas e uma elevação de substratos metabólicos (principalmente o lactato), e uma tendência à acidose com normalização compensatória do balanço ácido-base, principalmente nas primeiras 6 h de vida. O papel fisiológico e metabólico da frutose foi aparente, mas não conclusivo
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Ayme, Sylvain. "État et expression de l’émotion de colère des enseignants d’éducation physique exerçant en milieu difficile : une étude comparative entre la France et la Catalogne." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10101.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif de mieux comprendre les états émotionnels des enseignants d’E.P français et catalans et leurs modalités d’expression en situation de classe. Les participants ont été filmés en situation réelle d’enseignement durant 10 séances, puis des entretiens ont effectués immédiatement après la leçon pour recueillir les mesures des intensités d’état de colère et leurs verbalisations. Ces données ont d’abord permis l’élaboration de 144 fiches illustratives faisant référence à leurs états émotionnels, aux éléments signifiants du contexte, à leur manière de faire face, et à leurs justifications. Cellesci ont ensuite été analysées au travers d’un traitement mixte. Les résultats ont indiqué des différences entre les enseignants français et catalans, liées à la fois aux normes culturelles et à leur expérience. Les analyses qualitatives et quantitatives ont porté sur : (1) les types de provocations d’élèves (niveau d’organisation des règles transgressées, intensités générées chez les enseignants, caractère sexué), (2) les états de colère (intensité, travail émotionnel), (3) les modalités d’expression (colère « In », « Out », « contrôlée »), et (4) les variables situationnelles expliquant la variabilité des intensités (degré du dommage, caractère volontaire). Les spécificités supposées de la relation professeur-élèves en éducation physique et les caractéristiques de contexte des écoles classées en éducation prioritaire sont discutées au regard des résultatsThe main objective of this doctoral dissertation was to understand in greater details the emotional states in french and catalan physical education teachers, and to see how they might express it when the perceived student misbehavior. Teachers have been videotaped when interacting with the students in classroom during 10 lessons. We further evaluated the intensity of the emotional states and recorded the participants’ comments during retrospective interviews. These data led to the elaboration of 144 briefs representative descriptions referring to their emotional states, the significant characteristics of the context, the way to react, and their justifications. Furthermore, these data were analysed using mixed methodology. Overall, he results provided evidence of group differences, probably due to cultural norms and expertise. Qualitative and quantitative analyses qere carried out to determine (1) the student’smisbehaviors (level of organization, intensity of the teacher’s emotional state, gender), (2) emotional states (intensity, emotional work), (3) the way to express it (anger “In”, “out”, “control”), and (4) situational variables predicting the variability of the intensity (degree of damage, volunteer characteristics). The specificity of the relationship between teachers and students in physical education and school context caracterics in priority areas is specifically discussed