Journal articles on the topic 'Physical exercise interventions'
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Campos, Leonardo, Priscila Nakamura, and Eduardo Kokubun. "Comparison of physical fitness in elderly submitted to different physical exercise interventions." Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.21n1p78-84.
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The objective was to investigate the influence of two types of physical exercise intervention on elderly individuals’ physical fitness. The study included 17 older adults with a mean age of 65.8 years (± 2.88), divided into two groups: Programa de Exercícios Físicos em Unidades de Saúde (PEFUS – Physical Exercise Program in Health Units, n = 8) and Adapted Volleyball (n = 9). PEFUS classes were held three times a week and lasted 90 minutes, including strength, aerobic endurance, agility, coordination and balance exercises. Adapted Volleyball classes were performed two times per week and lasted 120 minutes, divided into skill volleyball exercises and game. For the evaluation of physical skills (strength, agility, coordination and flexibility), the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) set of tests was performed. All participants were assessed at the baseline and after three months of interventions. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial ANOVA through SPSS, version 17.0, and a significance level p <0.05. Motor coordination showed significant improvements after three months of interventions, decreasing from 11.7 ± 2.3 to 10.1 ± 1.6 seconds for Adapted Volleyball and from 15.8 ± 3.3 to 12.0 ± 3.5 seconds for PEFUS (p <0.05). Regarding strength endurance, there was a group-moment interaction (p <0.05) and the PEFUS group showed an increase in this variable after intervention. The interventions are beneficial to the physical fitness of elderly individuals, because they increase or maintain such fitness after these interventions.
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Borello-France, Diane, Kathryn L. Burgio, Patricia S. Goode, Alayne D. Markland, Kimberly Kenton, Aarthi Balasubramanyam, and Anne M. Stoddard. "Adherence to Behavioral Interventions for Urge Incontinence When Combined With Drug Therapy: Adherence Rates, Barriers, and Predictors." Physical Therapy 90, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080387.
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Background Behavioral intervention outcomes for urinary incontinence (UI) depend on active patient participation. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe adherence to behavioral interventions (pelvic-floor muscle [PFM] exercises, UI prevention strategies, and delayed voiding), patient-perceived exercise barriers, and predictors of exercise adherence in women with urge-predominant UI. Design This was a prospectively planned secondary data analysis from a 2-stage, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Patients and Intervention Three hundred seven women with urge-predominant UI were randomly assigned to receive either 10 weeks of drug therapy only or 10 weeks of drug therapy combined with a behavioral intervention for UI. One hundred fifty-four participants who received the combined intervention were included in this analysis. Measurements Pelvic-floor muscle exercise adherence and exercise barriers were assessed during the intervention phase and 1 year afterward. Adherence to UI prevention strategies and delayed voiding were assessed during the intervention only. Results During intervention, 81% of women exercised at least 5 to 6 days per week, and 87% performed at least 30 PFM contractions per day. Ninety-two percent of the women used the urge suppression strategy successfully. At the 12-month follow-up, only 32% of the women exercised at least 5 to 6 days per week, and 56% performed 15 or more PFM contractions on the days they exercised. The most persistent PFM exercise barriers were difficulty remembering to exercise and finding time to exercise. Similarly, difficulty finding time to exercise persisted as a predictor of PFM exercise adherence over time. Limitations Co-administration of medication for UI may have influenced adherence. Conclusions Most women adhered to exercise during supervised intervention; however, adherence declined over the long term. Interventions to help women remember to exercise and to integrate PFM exercises and UI prevention strategies into daily life may be useful to promote long-term adherence.
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Keawtep, Puntarik, Wanachaporn Wichayanrat, Sirinun Boripuntakul, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, and Somporn Sungkarat. "Cognitive Benefits of Physical Exercise, Physical–Cognitive Training, and Technology-Based Intervention in Obese Individuals with and without Postmenopausal Condition: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 13364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013364.
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Obesity and estrogen deprivation have been identified as significant risk factors for cognitive impairment. Thus, postmenopausal conditions when paired with obesity may amplify the risks of developing dementia. Physical exercise has been recommended as a primary treatment for preventing obesity-related comorbidities and alleviating menopausal symptoms. This narrative review aimed to summarize the effects of exercise on cognition in obese individuals with and without menopausal condition, along with potential physiological mechanisms linking these interventions to cognitive improvement. Research evidence has demonstrated that exercise benefits not only physical but also cognitive and brain health. Among various types of exercise, recent studies have suggested that combined physical–cognitive exercise may exert larger gains in cognitive benefits than physical or cognitive exercise alone. Despite the scarcity of studies investigating the effects of physical and combined physical–cognitive exercise in obese individuals, especially those with menopausal condition, existing evidence has shown promising findings. Applying these exercises through technology-based interventions may be a viable approach to increase accessibility and adherence to the intervention. More evidence from randomized clinical trials with large samples and rigorous methodology is required. Further, investigations of biochemical and physiological outcomes along with behavioral changes will provide insight into underlying mechanisms linking these interventions to cognitive improvement.
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Borello-France, Diane, Kathryn L. Burgio, Patricia S. Goode, Wen Ye, Alison C. Weidner, Emily S. Lukacz, John-Eric Jelovsek, et al. "Adherence to Behavioral Interventions for Stress Incontinence: Rates, Barriers, and Predictors." Physical Therapy 93, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 757–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120072.
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BackgroundFirst-line conservative treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women is behavioral intervention, including pelvic-floor muscle (PFM) exercise and bladder control strategies.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to describe adherence and barriers to exercise and bladder control strategy adherence and (2) to identify predictors of exercise adherence.DesignThis study was a planned secondary analysis of data from a multisite, randomized trial comparing intravaginal continence pessary, multicomponent behavioral therapy, and combined therapy in women with stress-predominant urinary incontinence (UI).MethodsData were analyzed from the groups who received behavioral intervention alone (n=146) or combined with continence pessary therapy (n=150). Adherence was measured during supervised treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-randomization. Barriers to adherence were surveyed during treatment and at the 3-month time point. Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of exercise adherence during supervised treatment and at the 3- and 12-month time points.ResultsDuring supervised treatment, ≥86% of the women exercised ≥5 days a week, and ≥80% performed at least 30 contractions on days they exercised. At 3, 6, and 12 months post-randomization, 95%, 88%, and 80% of women, respectively, indicated they were still performing PFM exercises. During supervised treatment and at 3 months post-randomization, ≥87% of the women reported using learned bladder control strategies to prevent SUI. In addition, the majority endorsed at least one barrier to PFM exercise, most commonly “trouble remembering to do exercises.” Predictors of exercise adherence changed over time. During supervised intervention, less frequent baseline UI and higher baseline 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental scores predicted exercise adherence. At 3 months post-randomization, women who dropped out of the study had weaker PFMs at baseline. At 12 months post-randomization, only “trouble remembering” was associated with exercise adherence.LimitationsAdherence and barrier questionnaires were not validated.ConclusionsAdherence to PFM exercises and bladder control strategies for SUI can be high and sustained over time. However, behavioral interventions to help women link exercise to environmental and behavioral cues may only be beneficial over the short term.
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Herrema, Annemarthe L., Marjan J. Westerman, Ellen J. I. van Dongen, Urszula Kudla, and Martijn Veltkamp. "Combined Protein-Rich Diet With Resistance Exercise Intervention to Counteract Sarcopenia: A Qualitative Study on Drivers and Barriers of Compliance." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0126.
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Interventions combining protein-rich diets with resistance exercises seem a promising avenue in helping to prevent sarcopenia. However, compliance to health interventions is generally low. The aim of the present study was to provide qualitative insights into the drivers and barriers that older adults experience when trying to comply with a combined dietary and physical exercise intervention. Semi-structured interviews with 18 older adults participating in such an intervention were conducted and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Most frequently reported drivers to comply with the diet were a fit with existing habits, knowledge on the health benefits, and product properties (taste, convenience, package). Drivers for physical exercises were existing habits, social contacts, customized support, and experienced physical improvement. It is suggested that customized support is important to successfully implement exercise-protein interventions amongst older adults, especially regarding participants’ habits, product preferences, and social environment.
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Huang, Hong, Wenyang Li, Zheng Qin, Hui Shen, Xiaomeng Li, and Wei Wang. "Physical exercise increases peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factors in patients with cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis." Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 39, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/rnn-201060.
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Background: Physical exercise can improve cognitive dysfunction. Its specific mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have indicated that elevating or peripherally overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) improve cognitive impairment. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether physical exercise improves cognitive performance in patients with cognitive dysfunction, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD), by increasing peripheral BDNF. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2020 for studies that assayed the changes in peripheral BDNF levels in MCI and AD patients after exercise training. Results: Peripheral BDNF levels were significantly elevated after a single exercise session (SMD = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.150–0.787, P = 0.004) or regular exercise interventions (SMD = 0.418, 95% CI: 0.105–0.731, P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis showed that only regular aerobic exercise interventions (SMD = 0.543, 95% CI: 0.038–1.049, P = 0.035) and intervention duration of 16 weeks or greater (SMD = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.154 –0.733, P = 0.003) significantly increased peripheral BDNF levels. Only plasma BDNF levels (SMD = 0.365, 95% CI:0.066–0.664, P = 0.017) were significantly increased after exercise interventions. Conclusions: Acute and chronic physical exercises may improve cognitive impairment by increasing peripheral BDNF levels. Aerobic exercises and a longer duration of exercising increased BDNF levels. These findings also suggest that BDNF may be a suitable biomarker for evaluating the effect of exercise in patients with cognitive impairment, such as AD or MCI.
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Rezola-Pardo, Chloe, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad, Julen Gomez-Diaz, Garbiñe Lozano-Real, Itxaso Mugica-Errazquin, Maria Jesus Patiño, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Jon Irazusta, and Susana María Gil. "Comparison Between Multicomponent Exercise and Walking Interventions in Long-Term Nursing Homes: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Gerontologist 60, no. 7 (December 17, 2019): 1364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz177.
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Abstract Background and Objectives There is evidence that exercise interventions counteract the functional and cognitive decline experienced by long-term nursing home (LTNH) residents. To determine the most effective exercise intervention, we compared the effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention and a walking intervention on physical and cognitive performance, habitual physical activity, affective function, and quality of life among older adults living in LTNHs. Research Design and Methods This 3-month single-blind randomized controlled trial (NCT03996083) involved 81 participants at 9 LTNHs randomly assigned to a multicomponent (MG) or a walking (WG) group. The MG participated in a twice-a-week individualized and progressive program composed of strength and balance exercises for 3 months. The WG was also individualized and participants walked up to 20 min per day. The primary outcome was the score on the short physical performance battery (SPPB). Secondary outcomes included other physical performance tests, habitual physical activity, cognitive performance, affective function, and quality of life. Results Compared with the WG, the MG group showed greater improvements in physical performance, including the SPPB (p < .05). No significant differences were observed in cognitive performance or habitual physical activity. Both groups showed improvements in anxiety and quality of life (p < .05). Discussion and Implications Although both interventions were effective in maintaining or improving affective function, the MG conferred greater improvements in physical function. Therefore, multicomponent interventions would be preferable over walking-only interventions. Otherwise, individualized and progressive walking interventions should be implemented to face the rapid decline in functionality encountered in LTNHs.
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Sweegers, Maike G., Teatske M. Altenburg, Johannes Brug, Anne M. May, Jonna K. van Vulpen, Neil K. Aaronson, Gill Arbane, et al. "Effects and moderators of exercise on muscle strength, muscle function and aerobic fitness in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 13 (September 4, 2018): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099191.
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ObjectiveTo optimally target exercise interventions for patients with cancer, it is important to identify which patients benefit from which interventions.DesignWe conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis to investigate demographic, clinical, intervention-related and exercise-related moderators of exercise intervention effects on physical fitness in patients with cancer.Data sourcesWe identified relevant studies via systematic searches in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL).Eligibility criteriaWe analysed data from 28 randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise on upper body muscle strength (UBMS) and lower body muscle strength (LBMS), lower body muscle function (LBMF) and aerobic fitness in adult patients with cancer.ResultsExercise significantly improved UBMS (β=0.20, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.14 to 0.26), LBMS (β=0.29, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.35), LBMF (β=0.16, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.24) and aerobic fitness (β=0.28, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.34), with larger effects for supervised interventions. Exercise effects on UBMS were larger during treatment, when supervised interventions included ≥3 sessions per week, when resistance exercises were included and when session duration was >60 min. Exercise effects on LBMS were larger for patients who were living alone, for supervised interventions including resistance exercise and when session duration was >60 min. Exercise effects on aerobic fitness were larger for younger patients and when supervised interventions included aerobic exercise.ConclusionExercise interventions during and following cancer treatment had small effects on UBMS, LBMS, LBMF and aerobic fitness. Demographic, intervention-related and exercise-related characteristics including age, marital status, intervention timing, delivery mode and frequency and type and time of exercise sessions moderated the exercise effect on UBMS, LBMS and aerobic fitness.
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Fang, Hsin-Yu, Brett T. Burrows, Alexis C. King, and Kenneth R. Wilund. "A Comparison of Intradialytic versus Out-of-Clinic Exercise Training Programs for Hemodialysis Patients." Blood Purification 49, no. 1-2 (December 18, 2019): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503772.
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Background: Physical inactivity is prevalent and linked with a variety of unfavorable clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. To increase physical activity (PA) and improve quality of life in this population, intradialytic and out-of-clinic exercise interventions have been implemented in many studies. However, there is still a lack of consensus in the literature on which type of exercise intervention is more feasible and effective. Summary: This review provides a brief overview of intradialytic and out-of-clinic exercise protocols utilized in previous studies. We also examine data related to the feasibility of each approach, and their efficacy for improving cardiovascular health, muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Key Messages: The benefits from most intradialytic and out-of-center exercise training interventions published to date have been modest or inconsistent. Furthermore, neither appears to provide a significant advantage over the other in terms of benefits for cardiovascular health, muscle mass, strength, and physical function. A significant concern is that most intradialytic and out-of-center exercise interventions are mandated exercise prescriptions that include either endurance or resistance training exercises, performed at low-moderate intensities, for a total of 60–135 min of exercise/week. This volume, intensity, and variety of exercise are far less than what is recommended in most PA guidelines. This type of structured activity is also boring for most patients. To enhance the effectiveness of exercise interventions, we suggest using the intradialytic period to provide patients guidance on how they can best incorporate more activity into their lives, based on their individual needs and barriers.
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McGibbon, Chris, Pam Jarrett, Grant Handrigan, Danielle Bouchard, Carole C. Tranchant, Andrew M. Sexton, Linda Yetman, et al. "Protocol for SYNchronising Exercises, Remedies in GaIt and Cognition at Home (SYNERGIC@Home): feasibility of a home-based double-blind randomised controlled trial to improve gait and cognition in individuals at risk for dementia." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e059988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059988.
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Introduction Physical exercise and cognitive training have the potential to enhance cognitive function and mobility in older adults at risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD), but little is known about the feasibility of delivering multidomain interventions in home settings of older adults at risk of ADRD. This study aims to assess the feasibility of home-based delivery of exercise and cognitive interventions, and to evaluate the relationship between participants’ intervention preferences and their subsequent adherence. Secondary objectives include the effect of the interventions on ADRD risk factors, including frailty, mobility, sleep, diet and psychological health. Methods and analysis The SYNchronising Exercises, Remedies in GaIt and Cognition at Home (SYNERGIC@Home) feasibility trial is a randomised control trial that follows a 2×2 factorial design, with a 16-week home-based intervention programme (3 sessions per week) of physical exercises and cognitive training. Participants will be randomised in blocks of four to one of the following four arms: (1) combined exercise (aerobic and resistance)+cognitive training (NEUROPEAK); (2) combined exercise+control cognitive training (web searching); (3) control exercise (balance and toning)+cognitive training; and (4) control exercise+control cognitive training. SYNERGIC@Home will be implemented through video conferencing. Baseline and post-intervention assessments at 4-month and 10-month follow-up will include measures of cognition, frailty, mobility, sleep, diet and psychological health. Primary feasibility outcome is adherence to the interventions. Primary analytic outcome is the relationship between pre-allocation preference for a given intervention and subsequent adherence to the allocated intervention. A series of secondary analytic outcomes examining the potential effect of the individual and combined interventions on cognitive, mobility and general well-being will be measured at baseline and follow-up. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was granted by the relevant research ethics boards. Findings of the study will be presented to stakeholders and published in peer-reviewed journals and at provincial, national and international conferences. Trial registration number NCT04997681, Pre-results.
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Cahyaningrum, Hapsari, Suryo Saputra Perdana, and Gina Fazrina. "EFEKTIFITAS INTERVENSI BERBASIS WEB UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIFITAS FISIK PADA ORANG DENGAN LANJUT USIA: LITERATURE REVIEW." Jurnal Kesehatan 15, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jk.v15i1.18052.
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ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: peningkatan populasi orang dengan lanjut usia secara global dan tren usia harapan hidup menjadikan pembahasan mengenai aktivitas fisik menjadi suatu hal mendesak, mengingat perannya dalam mencegah berbagai penyakit tidak menular dan meningkatkan life expectancy. Intervensi berbasis web dipercaya sebagai intervensi yang dapat merubah kebiasaan terkait aktivitas fisik pada orang dengan lanjut usia. Outcome berupa perubahan perilaku digambarkan melalui banyaknya durasi melakukan aktivitas fisik setelah intervensi menjadi goal setting dalam kebanyakan web-based intervention. Artikel ini dibuat untuk mengetahui efikasi intervensi berbasis web dapat meningkatkan aktifitas fisik pada orang dengan lanjut usia.Metode: proses pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui journal database, berupa: Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ResearchGate. Kata kunci untuk mencari artikel yaitu: "Aged"[Mesh] OR "older adult" OR "elderly" AND "Exercise"[Mesh] OR "exercises" OR "physical activity" OR "physical activities" OR "physical exercise" OR "physical exercises" OR "physical fitness" AND "Internet-Based Intervention"[Mesh] OR "internet-based interventions" OR "web-based intervention" OR "web-based interventions" OR "online intervention" OR "online interventions" OR "internet intervention" OR "internet interventions” OR "mobile health" OR "mhealth" OR "telehealth" OR "ehealth" AND "randomized control trial" OR "randomized control trials" OR "RCT". Kriteria inklusi yang diterapkan berupa artikel dengan design studi randomized control trial (RCT), artikel dengan subjek penelitian orang dengan lanjut usia 50 tahun ke atas, dan intevensi yang digunakan adalah web-based intervention.Hasil: ditemukan total 11 artikel yang berasal dari Netherland, Australia, US, Spain, England, Belgium, dan Sweden. Kesimpulan: intervensi berbasis web efektif untuk meningkatkan aktifitas fisik pada orang dengan lanjut usia yang berusia lebih dari sama dengan 50 tahun. Kata kunci: web-based intervention, physical activity, older people, literature review.
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Villafaina, Santos, Juan Pedro Fuentes-García, Juan Luis Leon-Llamas, and Daniel Collado-Mateo. "Physical Exercise Improves Heart-Rate Variability in Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052946.
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Background: Childhood obesity has negative impact on heart-rate variability (HRV) and, thereby, on the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents. Thus, physical-exercise interventions were proposed to increase HRV. The present systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date analysis of research on the effect of physical-exercise interventions on HRV in obese children and adolescents. Methods: An electronic search of the literature was performed, and 10 articles were included. PRISMA guideline methodology was employed. Results: Physical-exercise interventions predominantly involved aerobic training; however, alternative training programs, including judo or recreational soccer, were found. The duration of intervention ranged from 6 to 24 weeks, with a training frequency of between 2 and 7 times per week. The duration of sessions typically ranged from 40 to 60 min. Conclusions: Results of the included articles indicated that physical-exercise intervention increased the HRV and thereby the autonomic modulation of obese children and adolescents. This is significant, as HRV is associated with cardiovascular health. Such physical-exercise interventions are crucial to reduce weight and improve cardiovascular health in children and adolescents, thereby achieving a sustainable future.
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Wang, Guangxu, Yahua Zi, Bo Li, Shan Su, Lei Sun, Fei Wang, Chener Ren, and Yang Liu. "The Effect of Physical Exercise on Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Fitness among Preschool Children: Study Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 6331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106331.
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Background: Evidence shows that physical exercise promotes preschoolers’ fundamental movement skills (FMSs) and physical fitness (PF). However, studies that assess the effectiveness of different types of physical exercise interventions to improve FMSs and PF in preschool children remain scarce. To explore and compare the effectiveness of different physical exercise on FMSs and PF, interventions comprising ball games (BGs), rhythm activities (RAs), basic movements (BMs), and a combination of all related activities (multiple activities, MAs) will be conducted among preschoolers. Methods: A single-blind, five-arm, cluster-randomized trial will be conducted in kindergarten in Shanghai, China. In total, 300 healthy preschoolers, aged 4 to 5 years, will be randomized to four intervention groups (BG, RA, BM, or MA) and one control group (unorganized physical activities). Four intervention groups will receive three 30-min lessons weekly for 16 weeks. At the baseline, the end of the 16-week intervention, and the 6-month follow-up after the end of the intervention, the primary outcomes (FMSs and PF) and physical activity (PA), and sociodemographic and anthropometric data will be assessed. Discussion: This study will provide vital information regarding the effect of different physical exercise interventions on preschool children’s FMSs and PF, PA, and the potential interactions between these domains. The most effective intervention strategy can be generalized to kindergarten and other preschool educational institutions in practice to promote preschoolers’ development of FMSs and PF. Conclusions: This study protocol aims to provide a method to solve the problem of “how to arrange physical exercise and which kind of physical exercise program can promote FMS and PF better in preschool children”.
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Marcus, Bess H., Karen M. Emmons, Laurey R. Simkin-Silverman, Laura A. Linnan, Elaine R. Taylor, Beth C. Bock, Mary B. Roberts, Joseph S. Rossi, and David B. Abrams. "Evaluation of Motivationally Tailored vs. Standard Self-Help Physical Activity Interventions at the Workplace." American Journal of Health Promotion 12, no. 4 (March 1998): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.4.246.
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Purpose. This study compares the efficacy of a self-help intervention tailored to the individual's stage of motivational readiness for exercise adoption with a standard self-help exercise promotion intervention. Design. Interventions were delivered at baseline and 1 month; assessments were collected at baseline and 3 months. Setting. Eleven worksites participating in the Working Healthy Research Trial. Subjects. Participants (n = 1559) were a subsample of employees at participating worksites, individually randomized to one of two treatment conditions. Intervention. Printed self-help exercise promotion materials either (1) matched to the individual's stage of motivational readiness for exercise adoption (motivationally tailored), or (2) standard materials (standard). Measures. Measures of stage of motivational readiness for exercise and items from the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall. Results. Among intervention completers (n = 903), chi-square analyses showed that, compared to the standard intervention, those receiving the motivationally tailored intervention were significantly more likely to show increases (37% vs. 27%) and less likely to show either no change (52% vs. 58%) or regression (11% vs. 15%) in stage of motivational readiness. Multivariate analyses of variance showed that changes in stage of motivational readiness were significantly associated with changes in self-reported time spent in exercise. Conclusions. This is the first prospective, randomized, controlled trial demonstrating the efficacy of a brief motivationally tailored intervention compared to a standard self-help intervention for exercise adoption. These findings appear to support treatment approaches that tailor interventions to the individual's stage of motivational readiness for exercise adoption.
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Pascoe, Michaela, Alan P. Bailey, Melinda Craike, Tim Carter, Rhiannon Patten, Nigel Stepto, and Alexandra Parker. "Physical activity and exercise in youth mental health promotion: a scoping review." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 2020): e000677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000677.
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Background/AimThis scoping review examined the breadth and outcomes of controlled trials testing the effect of physical activity and exercise interventions across all mental health outcomes for mental health promotion and indicated prevention studies in young people.MethodsThe literature search was conducted using ‘Evidence Finder’.ResultsThirty publications were included. Available evidence suggested that interventions of varying intensity may lead to a reduction in depression symptoms and that moderate-to-vigorous-intensity and light-intensity interventions may reduce anxiety symptoms. Effects of physical activity/exercise interventions on additional mental health outcomes were also shown; however, the number of studies was small, indicating a limited evidence base. Robust research regarding the effects of physical activity/exercise on mental health promotion and as an indicated prevention strategy in young people is lacking.ConclusionThe available evidence suggests that physical activity/exercise is a promising mental health promotion and early intervention strategy and warrants further investigation.
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Van Roie, Evelien, Christophe Delecluse, Joke Opdenacker, Katrien De Bock, Eva Kennis, and Filip Boen. "Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Physical Activity Versus a Structured Exercise Intervention in Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 18, no. 3 (July 2010): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.18.3.335.
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Two groups of sedentary older adults, participating in either a lifestyle physical activity intervention (LIFE,n= 60) or a structured exercise intervention (STRU,n= 60), were compared with a control group (CO,n= 66) in terms of physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors. Participants in LIFE were stimulated to integrate physical activity into their daily routines and received an individualized home-based program. Participants in STRU completed 5 supervised training sessions every 2 wk in a fitness center. Both interventions lasted 11 months and focused on endurance, strength, flexibility, and postural/balance exercises. The results revealed that the interventions were equally effective in improving functional performance. STRU was more effective than LIFE in improving cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. Limited effects emerged on cardiovascular risk, with STRU improving in total cholesterol and HDL. Consequently, interventions aiming at reducing cardiovascular risks among sedentary elderly should focus on long-term changes in physical activity behavior.
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Spassiani, Natasha A., and Jennifer L. Kuk. "Exercise and the fatty liver." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 4 (August 2008): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-059.
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Fatty liver is an increasingly prevalent condition that is associated with several metabolic derangements, thus necessitating the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Growing evidence from cross-sectional studies suggest that physical activity may be a promising therapy for fatty liver. Unfortunately, longitudinal evidence supporting this observation in humans is sparse, as the majority of intervention studies have examined the relationship between liver fat and physical activity in conjunction with caloric and dietary fat restriction. Studies in rats demonstrate a beneficial effect of exercise on liver fat, mainly in situations of high fat feeding or obesity. Thus, the independent contribution of physical activity on variations in liver fat is unknown, but remains a promising intervention that requires further investigation. There is some evidence to suggest that both physical activity and liver fat are independent correlates of cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risk. The relative contribution of each remains unclear, but implies that both should be considered when developing therapeutic interventions for chronic metabolic disease.
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Bellisle, France. "Food choice, appetite and physical activity." Public Health Nutrition 2, no. 3a (March 1999): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980099000488.
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AbstractFood choices and diet composition have been studied less often than energy intake in subjects with varying levels of physical activity. The reported effects of exercise on food choices are not fully consistent, especially on the short term. Type of exercise, intensity, duration can affect the results as well as subjects' characteristics (gender, age, previous training and fitness). A crucial role could also be played by psychological (chronic dieting, attitudes toward health and food, long-established food habits and preferences) and social (traditions, food availability, appropriate times and places) factors. In short-term intervention studies, where a meal is ingested a few minutes following a bout of exercise of varying duration and intensity, an increase in CHO intake is most often reported, while increased protein intake is an occasional observation. In long-term (several weeks) training interventions, intake is assessed from dietary records. Again CHO intake is augmented in exercised subjects as compared to controls, while that of saturated fats and cholesterol may also be affected. Epidemiological studies (without dietary or exercise intervention) often report that habitually active persons eat more and ingest more fruits and vegetables than less active peers. It is not known to what extent such food choices are driven by biological needs (e.g. replacement of glycogen) or elicited by social and psychological factors.
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Sun, Meng, Krista Lanctot, Nathan Herrmann, and Damien Gallagher. "Exercise for Cognitive Symptoms in Depression: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63, no. 2 (November 29, 2017): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717738493.
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Objective: To explore the effect of exercise on cognition in depression as well as the impact of potential moderators and intervention type. Method: Controlled and uncontrolled interventional studies that described an exercise intervention and cognitive outcomes in participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) were included following a search of Pubmed, Ovid Medline, PsycInfo and Embase from inception to January 2017. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate Hedges’ g using a random-effects model. Meta-regression explored the relationships among age, baseline cognition, frequency and duration of exercise, and cognitive outcomes. Subgroup analyses were also conducted according to type and intensity of exercise interventions. Results: Of 12 controlled studies and 3 uncontrolled studies that met inclusion criteria, 9 (642 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. No significant effect of exercise was found on global cognition (Hedges’ g = 0.08, P = 0.33, I2 = 0%) or on individual cognitive domains. Meta-regression analyses failed to find significant relationships among participant age, baseline cognition, number of exercise sessions per wk, duration of exercise per wk, total duration of exercise during the intervention, or improvement in global cognition. Interventions combining physical with cognitive activity significantly improved global cognition ( P = 0.048), whereas low-intensity interventions were also positive ( P = 0.048). Conclusions: No impact of physical exercise was found on cognition in MDD overall. However, we found that interventions combining physical and cognitive activities had a positive impact, and that lower-intensity interventions, where adherence was improved, also impacted positively. There remains a lack of high-quality data in this population.
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Bhimla, Aisha, Ksenia Power, Michael Sachs, Allegra Bermudez, Jessica Dinh, Nicholas San Juan, and Grace X. Ma. "Evaluating psychosocial and physical activity outcomes following an intervention among Filipino Americans." Health Promotion Perspectives 11, no. 2 (May 19, 2021): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.26.
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Background: Physical activity (PA) is a strong contributor to enhancing a healthy lifestyle and preventing numerous chronic diseases. As ethnic minorities engage in low levels of PA, psychosocial and activity-based interventions for sustaining PA are crucial. Methods: The 6-month intervention incorporated culturally tailored educational workshops and weekly PA classes at a community center. Educational workshops were led by six trained community health workers (CHWs). Participants (n=37) completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires regarding PA related self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social support, enjoyment, self-regulation, goal setting, and overall PA. Results: Following the intervention, study participants exhibited increases in weekly PA levels. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test revealed higher median scores for Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES), Identified Regulation, and Intrinsic Motivation. Positive changes were observed for Physical Outcome Expectations, Social Outcome Expectations, Self-Evaluative Outcome Expectations, Physical Activity Enjoyment, Social Support for Exercise Scale – Family, Social Support for Exercise – Friends, and Exercise Goal-Setting. Conclusion: Community-based PA interventions may provide potential benefits to Filipino Americans, an ethnic Asian minority group, in identifying exercise benefits, developing proper exercise goals, increasing motivation, promoting PA behavior, and facilitating long-term PA adherence.
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Kehoe, M., J. Saunders, P. Jakeman, and S. Coote. "Predictors of the physical impact of Multiple Sclerosis following community-based, exercise trial." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 21, no. 5 (September 10, 2014): 590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458514549395.
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Background: Studies evaluating exercise interventions in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) demonstrate small to medium positive effects and large variability on a number of outcome measures. No study to date has tried to explain this variability. Objective: This paper presents a novel exploration of data examining the predictors of outcome for PwMS with minimal gait impairment following a randomised, controlled trial evaluating community-based exercise interventions ( N = 242). Methods: The primary variable was the physical component of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29, version 2 (MSIS-29, v2) after a 10-week, controlled intervention period. Predictors were identified a priori and were measured at baseline. Multiple linear regression was conducted. Results: Four models are presented lower MSIS-29, v2 scores after the intervention period were best predicted by a lower baseline MSIS-29,v2, a lower baseline Modified Fatigue Impact Score (physical subscale), randomisation to an exercise intervention, a longer baseline walking distance measured by the Six Minute Walk Test and female gender. This model explained 57.4% of the variance (F (5, 211) = 59.24, p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that fatigue and walking distance at baseline contribute significantly to predicting MSIS-29, v29 (physical component) after intervention, and thus should be the focus of intervention and assessment. Exercise is an important contributor to minimising the physical impact of MS, and gender-specific interventions may be warranted.
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Vieira, Edgar Ramos, Fabricia Azevedo da Costa Cavalcanti, Fernanda Civitella, Monica Hollifield, Stephanie Caceres, Jorge Carreno, Trudy Gaillard, Fatma G. Huffman, Jorge Camilo Mora, and Marcos Roberto Queiroga. "Effects of Exercise and Diet on Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158019.
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Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) affects 9.3% of the U.S. population. Health disparities are evident in DM2; twice as many Hispanics as non-Hispanic Whites have DM2. The objective of this study was to pilot test the feasibility of implementing and evaluating trends of nutrition and exercise interventions to improve diabetes management and physical function in 29 disadvantaged older Hispanics with DM2. We delivered combined diet and exercise (n = 8) and diet-only (n = 6) interventions and compared the results to a control/no intervention group (n = 15). We cluster-randomized the participants into the three arms based on the senior center they attended. The interventions were delivered twice a week for 3 months (24 sessions) and assessments were conducted pre and post intervention. The results indicate the feasibility of implementing the interventions and slight improvements in both intervention groups compared to the control group. The diet-only group tended to have larger improvements on body composition measures (especially in muscle mass), while the diet + exercise group tended to have larger improvements on physical function (especially in chair stands). There was a high rate of attrition, especially in the diet + exercise group, but those who completed the intervention tended to have improvements in body composition and physical function.
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Jake-Schoffman, Danielle E., Meredith S. Berry, Marissa L. Donahue, Demetra D. Christou, Jesse Dallery, and Jillian M. Rung. "Aerobic Exercise Interventions for Patients in Opioid Maintenance Treatment: A Systematic Review." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 14 (January 2020): 117822182091888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178221820918885.
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Background: Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is the standard for treatment of opioid use disorder, but some individuals on OMT experience disrupted sleep, heightened sensitivity to pain, and continued relapse to non-medical opioid use. An adjunctive treatment that has potential to address these shortcomings of OMT is aerobic exercise. Objective: The aim of the present review was to identify and evaluate components of aerobic exercise interventions targeting OMT patients. Methods: For this PROSPERO-registered review (ID CRD42020139626), studies were identified via electronic bibliographic databases, funded research ( NIH RePORTER) and clinical trials databases ( ClinicalTrials.gov), and reference sections of relevant manuscripts. Studies that evaluated the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention using a comparison condition or pretest-posttest design in adult OMT patients were included. Results: Of 2971 unique records, three primary studies and one supplemental manuscript comprised the final sample. All studies were randomized trials involving supervised exercise interventions enrolling small samples of middle-aged OMT patients. Exercise interventions included a variety of aerobic and non-aerobic activities (e.g. flexibility exercises), and none controlled the dose of aerobic exercise. Few studies used objective measures of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness and there were no significant effects of adjunctive exercise on substance use outcomes, but tests of the latter were likely underpowered. Conclusions: Though early in the accumulation of evidence, interventions targeting aerobic exercise for OMT patients appear feasible, acceptable to patients, and beneficial. Longer-term studies that employ larger samples, include assessments of behavioral and biological mechanisms of change, more rigorous measurement of physical activity, and controlled doses of aerobic activity are warranted.
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Quinn, Lori, Monica Busse, Judith Carrier, Nora Fritz, Jane Harden, Lynda Hartel, Deb Kegelmeyer, Anne Kloos, and Ashwini Rao. "Physical therapy and exercise interventions in Huntingtonʼs disease." JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports 15, no. 7 (July 2017): 1783–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003274.
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Hoene, Miriam, Xinjie Zhao, Jürgen Machann, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Martin Heni, Andreas Peter, Andreas Niess, et al. "Exercise-Induced N-Lactoylphenylalanine Predicts Adipose Tissue Loss during Endurance Training in Overweight and Obese Humans." Metabolites 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010015.
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Physical exercise is a powerful measure to prevent cardiometabolic diseases. However, the individual response to lifestyle interventions is variable and cannot, to date, be predicted. N-Lactoylphenylalanine (Lac-Phe) produced during exercise has recently been shown to mediate weight loss in obese mice. Lac-Phe could also contribute to, and potentially explain differences in, the effectiveness of exercise interventions in humans. Sedentary overweight and obese subjects completed an 8-week supervised endurance exercise intervention (n = 22). Before and after the intervention, plasma levels of Lac-Phe were determined by UHPLC-MS in the resting state and immediately after an acute bout of endurance exercise. Adipose tissue volume was quantified using MRI. Acute exercise caused a pronounced increase in Lac-Phe, both before and after the intervention. Higher levels of Lac-Phe after acute exercise were associated with a greater reduction in abdominal subcutaneous and, to a lower degree, visceral adipose tissue during the intervention. Lac-Phe produced during physical activity could contribute to weight loss by acting as a signaling molecule that regulates food intake, as previously shown in mice. Quantification of Lac-Phe during an exercise test could be employed as a tool to predict and potentially improve the individual response to exercise-based lifestyle interventions in overweight humans and those with obesity.
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Etkin, Caryn D., Thomas R. Prohaska, Cathleen M. Connell, Perry Edelman, and Susan L. Hughes. "Antecedents of Physical Activity Among Family Caregivers." Journal of Applied Gerontology 27, no. 3 (March 11, 2008): 350–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464808315276.
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The authors examined exercise behaviors among family caregivers and the degree to which aspects of the caregiving role influenced exercise behaviors. Understanding factors associated with caregiver physical activity provides practitioners the means to design and tailor interventions to be effective for caregivers. Caregivers (N = 208) participating in a self-care intervention to promote caregiving skills were surveyed at baseline, prior to training. Measures included caregiver characteristics, care recipient characteristics, attitudes and intentions toward exercise, and levels of physical activity. Mental health variables and self-efficacy for exercise were significantly related to exercise levels in bivariate analyses. Regression analyses revealed that caregiver and care recipient characteristics accounted for a small percentage of the variance in exercise behavior. Caregiver vitality and self-efficacy for exercise were key variables most significantly related to exercise behaviors. Findings suggest that mental health factors and attitudes about exercise may be more important predictors of exercise than caregiving factors.
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Santos-Rocha, Rita, Marta Fernandes de Carvalho, Joana Prior de Freitas, Jennifer Wegrzyk, and Anna Szumilewicz. "Active Pregnancy: A Physical Exercise Program Promoting Fitness and Health during Pregnancy—Development and Validation of a Complex Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 4902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084902.
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Physical activity during pregnancy is a public health issue. In the view of reproducibility and the successful implementation of exercise interventions, reporting the quality of such study design must be ensured. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a physical exercise program promoting fitness and health during pregnancy. A qualitative methodological study was carried out. For the description of the exercise program, the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) was used. For the validation of the program, the revised guideline of the Criteria for Reporting the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions in Health Care (CReDECI2) was followed and went through three stages of development, piloting, and evaluation. The customizable exercise program was designed and validated by exercise and health specialists based on evidence-based, international recommendations and supported by different educational tools to be implemented by qualified exercise professionals in health and fitness settings. A 12-week testing intervention addressing a group of 29 pregnant women was carried out. The program’s feasibility was subsequently evaluated by all the pregnant women. The CReDECI2 process guides practitioners and researchers in developing and evaluating complex educational interventions. The presented intervention may assist exercise specialists, health professionals, and researchers in planning, promoting, and implementing a prenatal exercise program.
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Fibbins, Hamish, Philip B. Ward, Jackie Curtis, Andrew Watkins, Oscar Lederman, Rachel Morell, and Simon Rosenbaum. "Effectiveness of a brief lifestyle intervention targeting mental health staff: analysis of physical fitness and activity in the Keeping Our Staff in Mind study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (July 2020): e000761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000761.
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BackgroundPeople with mental illness die on average 15 years less than the general population, primarily to cardiometabolic disease. Lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk but are not routinely provided to mental health consumers. Lifestyle interventions targeting mental health staff may be beneficial in changing culture surrounding physical health and subsequently improving consumer outcomes. This study examines exercise and fitness outcomes of a targeted lifestyle intervention directed at Australian mental health staff.MethodsA pragmatic single-arm intervention study was conducted within an Australian public mental health service. Mental health staff were provided a five-session individualised lifestyle intervention (incorporating exercise and nutritional counselling) over 5 weeks. Two waves of the programme were delivered between 2015 and 2016. This paper examines the exercise and fitness outcomes of the second wave of the study. Participants were assessed at baseline and at a 16-week follow-up. The primary exercise outcome was a measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness. Secondary outcomes included self-reported physical activity and a measurement of handgrip strength.ResultsA total of 106 staff participated in this component of the study. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased significantly from baseline to follow-up (p<0.001). Significant improvements to physical activity occurred with decreases in sedentary time (p<0.0005) and increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p<0.005).ConclusionLifestyle interventions incorporating exercise counselling may improve the physical health of mental health staff. Such strategies may be effective in improving culture surrounding physical health and/or increasing the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions targeting mental health consumers.
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Zhi, Xiaoxu, Man Xie, Yingchun Zeng, Jun-e. Liu, and Andy S. K. Cheng. "Effects of Exercise Intervention on Quality of Life in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Meta-Analysis." Integrative Cancer Therapies 18 (January 2019): 153473541989559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735419895590.
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Background: Cancer and its treatment significantly impact the quality of life (QOL) of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients. This meta-analysis examined the effects of exercise interventions on the generic and cancer-specific QOL of AYA cancer patients and survivors. Methods: Four databases were searched from January 2010 to September 2019. RevMan 5.3 was used to synthesize the effects of exercise intervention on the QOL of AYA cancer patients and survivors. Results: A total of 11 eligible studies have been included in this paper. Direct outcome comparisons found that pooled overall effects on generic QOL were in favor of exercise interventions, but only with marginal significance (Z= 1.96, P = 0.05). When performing the subscale analysis of the generic QOL, three trials assessed the effects of exercise interventions on the emotional domain of QOL, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) for the overall intervention effect was 3.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42 to 6.51). Additionally, exercise interventions increased the minutes of physical activity per week undertaken by AYA cancer patients and survivors (Z= 2.88, P = 0.004). Conclusion: Exercise interventions had positive effects on generic QOL and increased the minutes of physical activity per week undertaken by AYA cancer patients and survivors. In addition, exercise intervention programs appear to be safe, as there were no studies that reported adverse events. Future research, with rigorous methodological standards and larger sample sizes, should be designed to confirm the positive effects of exercise interventions on the QOL of AYA cancer patients and survivors.
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Sweegers, Maike G., Teatske M. Altenburg, Mai J. Chinapaw, Joeri Kalter, Irma M. Verdonck-de Leeuw, Kerry S. Courneya, Robert U. Newton, et al. "Which exercise prescriptions improve quality of life and physical function in patients with cancer during and following treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 8 (September 27, 2017): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097891.
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ObjectiveCertain exercise prescriptions for patients with cancer may improve self-reported quality of life (QoL) and self-reported physical function (PF). We investigated the effects of exercise on QoL and PF in patients with cancer and studied differences in effects between different intervention-related and exercise-related characteristics.DesignWe searched four electronic databases to identify randomised controlled trials investigating exercise effects on QoL and PF in patients with cancer. Pooled effects (Hedges’ g) were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on intervention dimensions, including timing, duration and delivery mode, and exercise dimensions, including frequency, intensity, type and time (FITT factors).ResultsWe included 74 exercise arms. Patients who were randomised to exercise interventions had significantly improved QoL (g=0.15, 95% CI (0.10 to 0.20), n=67 exercise arms) and PF (g=0.21, 95% CI (0.15 to 0.27), n=59 exercise arms) compared with patients in control groups. We found a significant between-group difference for exercise delivery mode, with significant beneficial effects for supervised exercise interventions (g=0.20, 95% CI (0.14 to 0.26) for QoL and g=0.27, 95% CI (0.20 to 0.33) for PF), but not for unsupervised interventions (g=0.04, 95% CI (−0.06 to 0.13) for QoL and g=0.09, 95% CI (−0.01 to 0.19) for PF). No statistically significant differences in intervention effects were found for variations in intervention timing, duration or exercise FITT factors. Unsupervised exercise with higher weekly energy expenditure was more effective than unsupervised exercise with lower energy expenditure (z=2.34, p=0.02).ConclusionsExercise interventions, especially when supervised, have statistically significant and small clinical benefit on self-reported QoL and PF in patients with cancer. Unsupervised exercise intervention effects on PF were larger when prescribed at a higher weekly energy expenditure.
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Learmonth, Yvonne C., Ian M. Rice, Teresa Ostler, Laura A. Rice, and Robert W. Motl. "Perspectives on Physical Activity Among People with Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Wheelchair Users." International Journal of MS Care 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2014-018.
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Background: People with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS) are less physically active than those with milder forms of the disease, and wheelchair use has a negative association with physical activity participation. Thus, wheelchair users with MS are doubly disadvantaged for accruing the benefits of physical activity and exercise. Appropriate physical activity and exercise interventions are needed for this population. Methods: We undertook a qualitative study to explore the meanings, motivations, and outcomes of physical activity in wheelchair users with MS. We sought to understand daily opportunities to accumulate physical activity and exercise, and to identify perceived barriers, facilitators, and benefits that might inform the design of future interventions. Results: We interviewed 15 wheelchair users (mean age, 52 ± 8.8 years; n = 12 women). Data were transcribed and analyzed to identify and explore common themes. Our first theme was the reduced opportunity to participate in physical activity due to participants' dependence on mobility devices, environmental adaptations, and tangible support. Our second theme was the importance of incorporating physical activity and exercise into the everyday environment, highlighting the need for adaptive exercise and accessible environments. This indicated the need to incorporate behavior change modulators into physical activity and exercise interventions for those with advanced MS. Health-care professionals played an important role in promoting increased physical activity and exercise participation in those with advanced MS. Conclusions: Our findings may inform future interventions to increase initiation and maintenance of physical activity and exercise among people with advanced MS.
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Sharp, Kendall J., Charles C. South, Cherise Chin Fatt, Madhukar H. Trivedi, and Chad D. Rethorst. "Pilot Studies to Evaluate Feasibility of a Physical Activity Intervention for Persons With Depression." Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 42, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0248.
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Exercise reduces depressive symptoms and improves physical health in persons with depression. However, the interventions implemented in research studies require significant resources, limiting adoption into clinical practice and suggesting the need for more efficient interventions. In two nonrandomized pilot studies, the authors evaluated the feasibility of a multicomponent intervention (group educational sessions, Fitbit, and access to exercise facility) in adult persons with depression and breast cancer survivors with depression. The participants in both pilot studies completed 12 weeks of group educational sessions to increase physical activity levels, were provided with self-monitoring devices, and were provided access to on-site exercise facilities. Depressive symptoms significantly decreased postintervention, and over 90% of the participants reported that they had benefited from the intervention. These results indicate that implementing a multicomponent intervention is feasible and may reduce depressive symptoms and improve other psychosocial outcomes.
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Gisbert, Robyn, and Margaret Schenkman. "Physical Therapist Interventions for Parkinson Disease." Physical Therapy 95, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130334.
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<LEAP> highlights the findings and application of Cochrane reviews and other evidence pertinent to the practice of physical therapy. The Cochrane Library is a respected source of reliable evidence related to health care. Cochrane systematic reviews explore the evidence for and against the effectiveness of appropriate interventions—medications, surgery, education, nutrition, exercise—and the evidence for and against the use of diagnostic tests for specific conditions. Cochrane reviews are designed to facilitate the decisions of clinicians, patients, and others in health care by providing a careful review and interpretation of research studies published in the scientific literature.1Each article in thisPTJseries summarizes a Cochrane review or other scientific evidence on a single topic and presents clinical scenarios based on real patients or programs to illustrate how the results of the review can be used to directly inform clinical decisions. This article focuses on an adult patient with relatively early Parkinson disease.Can physical therapist intervention strategies improve his physical functioning and help him reach his goal of engaging in an exercise program to prevent decline related to progressive Parkinson disease?
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Farlie, Melanie K., Lauren Robins, Romi Haas, Jennifer L. Keating, Elizabeth Molloy, and Terry P. Haines. "Programme frequency, type, time and duration do not explain the effects of balance exercise in older adults: a systematic review with a meta-regression analysis." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 16 (January 25, 2018): 996–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096874.
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ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of different balance exercise interventions compared with non-balance exercise controls on balance task performance in older adults.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched until July 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSystematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised trials of balance exercise interventions for older adults were identified for extraction of eligible randomised trials. Eligibility criteria for inclusion of randomised trials in meta-analyses were comparison of a balance exercise intervention with a control group that did not perform balance exercises, report of at least one end-intervention balance outcome measurement that was consistent with the five subgroups of balance exercise identified, and full-text article available in English.ResultsNinety-five trials were included in meta-analyses and 80 in meta-regressions. For four balance exercise types (control centre of mass, multidimensional, mobility and reaching), significant effects for balance exercise interventions were found in meta-analyses (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.31–0.50), however with considerable heterogeneity in observed effects (I2: 50.4%–80.6%). Risk of bias assessments (Physiotherapy Evidence Database score and funnel plots) did not explain heterogeneity. One significant relationship identified in the meta-regressions of SMD and balance exercise frequency, time and duration explained 2.1% of variance for the control centre of mass subgroup.ConclusionLimitations to this study included the variability in design of balance interventions, incomplete reporting of data and statistical heterogeneity. The design of balance exercise programmes provides inadequate explanation of the observed benefits of these interventions.
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Nakano, Jiro, Kaori Hashizume, Takuya Fukushima, Kazumi Ueno, Emi Matsuura, Yuta Ikio, Shun Ishii, Satoru Morishita, Koji Tanaka, and Yoko Kusuba. "Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercises on Physical Symptoms in Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis." Integrative Cancer Therapies 17, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 1048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735418807555.
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Objective. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to establish the effect of exercise interventions on physical symptoms, including fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnea, insomnia, loss of appetite, constipation, and diarrhea in cancer patients and survivors. Methods. We searched articles published before April 2017 using the following databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PEDro, Health & Medical Collection, and Psychology Database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise intervention in cancer patients, which evaluated cancer-related physical symptoms using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30, were included. Symptom scale data were extracted for meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed for exercise types (aerobic, resistance, and mixed exercise programs). Results. Of the 659 articles, 10 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, of which the mean PEDro score was 5.43 (SD = 1.28). Fatigue, pain, dyspnea, and insomnia were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group at postintervention in cancer patients. However, exercise intervention did not promote or suppress nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, and diarrhea in cancer patients. The effect of exercise type on each symptom was not different. Conclusion. Exercise intervention was confirmed to improve fatigue, pain, and insomnia and might have reduced dyspnea in cancer patients. However, the benefits of exercise on nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, and diarrhea were not shown in any exercise type. Further research is warranted to examine the effects of exercise interventions on physical symptoms in cancer patients.
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Omar, Abeer, Alexia Cumal, Shirin Vellani, Alexandra Krassikova, Julie Lapenskie, Melanie Bayly, Vivian A. Welch, Elizabeth Ghogomu, Andrea Iaboni, and Katherine S. McGilton. "Health and social interventions to restore physical function of older adults post-hip fracture: a scoping review." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e053992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053992.
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ObjectivesDespite inpatient rehabilitation, many older adults post-hip fracture have difficulty returning to their prefracture levels of function and activity. This scoping review aims to identify interventions for community-dwelling older adults discharged from inpatient rehabilitation and examine the function and activity outcomes associated with these interventions.DesignThis scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Ageline electronic databases for English-language articles published between January 1946 and January 2020.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies with health and social interventions involving community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers after hip fracture and inpatient rehabilitation. The interventions were selected if initiated within 60 days post-hip fracture surgery.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts and extracted the data based on the inclusion criteria. A third reviewer adjudicated any disagreement and collated the extracted data.ResultsOf the 24 studies included in the review, most studies (79%) used exercise-based interventions, over half (63%) included activities of daily living training and/or home assessment and environment modification as intervention components, and three studies used social intervention components. Over half of the interventions (58%) were initiated in the inpatient setting and physiotherapists provided 83% of the interventions. Only seven studies (29%) involved tailored interventions based on the older adults’ unique needs and progress in exercise training. Six studies (25%) enrolled patients with cognitive impairment, and only one study examined caregiver-related outcomes. Exercise-based interventions led to improved function and activity outcomes. 29 different outcome measures were reported.ConclusionWhile exercise-based multicomponent interventions have evidence for improving outcomes in this population, there is a paucity of studies, including social interventions. Further, studies with standardised outcome measures are needed, particularly focusing on supporting caregivers and the recovery of older adults with cognitive impairment.
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Campana, Mateus Betanho, Vanessa Fabiana da Costa Sannomiya, Lucilene Ferreira, and Angela Nogueira Neves Betanho Campana. "Exercise in osteogenesis imperfecta." Acta Fisiátrica 21, no. 2 (June 9, 2014): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v21i2a103837.
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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue, characterized by bone fragility and low bone density, with a broad spectrum of clinical expression. Oriented physical exercise is recognized as a relevant conservative treatment option. Objective: To gather and systematize knowledge related to physical fitness testing, choosing exercises, load progression, and training systematization for persons with OI. Method: Databases from SciELO, LILACS, MedLine, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro and the Cochrane BVS were searched. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible studies. All randomized controlled clinical trials, transversal exploratory studies, case reports, and experience reports that described physical exercise intervention and physical fitness testing; general rules for physical activity and reported physical activity effects were included. Results: The electronic search yielded a total of 961 references published in English, Portuguese, French, and German. After analyzing previously established inclusion criteria, 9 studies were included, only two of which were controlled clinical trials. All the recommendations and conclusions found were oriented toward children, since all the studies had this population as a target. Only two studies included samples of adolescents up to the age of 12 years. OI types I and IV were investigated and some of the recommendations were extended to the other types of OI. Swimming is the exercise recommended most often. Strengthening exercises, with a slow addition of weight were also recommended, as well as aerobic exercises on bicycles, stationary or not. There are some special considerations in handling and treatment for this public that should be taken to avoid trauma. Conclusion: It was possible to obtain some systematization and orientation to conduct conservative treatment interventions with a physical exercise program; however, evidence to support any prescribed exercise and training development for persons with OI is still scarce.
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Korchi, Karim, Frédéric Noé, Noëlle Bru, and Thierry Paillard. "Optimization of the Effects of Physical Activity on Plantar Sensation and Postural Control With Barefoot Exercises in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Pilot Study." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 27, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 452–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2018-0016.
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Increasing somatosensory information from the foot by exercising barefoot can potentially optimize the effectiveness of physical exercise interventions on falls prevention in the older adults. This pilot study was then undertaken to explore the effects of increased somatosensory information from the foot by exercising barefoot on balance, gait, and plantar cutaneous sensitivity in institutionalized older adults involved in multimodal exercise intervention. Participants were assigned to three groups: a control group which did not perform any physical exercise and two groups in which they were involved in a multimodal exercise program performed barefoot or shod. Postural, gait, and plantar cutaneous sensitivity parameters were collected. The results showed that the exercise program produced larger effects on balance and plantar cutaneous sensitivity when exercises were performed barefoot, without any noticeable effect on gait. Hence, barefoot exercising could be a relevant means to optimize the fall-prevention exercise programs in institutionalized older adults.
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Echeverria, Iñaki, Maria Amasene, Miriam Urquiza, Idoia Labayen, Pilar Anaut, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad, Jon Irazusta, and Ariadna Besga. "Multicomponent Physical Exercise in Older Adults after Hospitalization: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Short- vs. Long-Term Group-Based Interventions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020666.
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Multicomponent physical exercise is effective in curbing the effect of hospitalization in older adults. However, it is not well established which characteristics of the exercise interventions would optimize intervention sustainability and efficacy. This study compared the effects of two group-based multicomponent exercise interventions of different lengths in older adults after hospitalization. Fifty-five participants were randomly assigned to a short-term group-based branch (SGB, n = 27) or to a long-term group-based branch (LGB, n = 28). The SGB participated in a six-week multicomponent group-based exercise-training program followed by 18 weeks of home-based exercise. The LGB completed 12 weeks of each phase. Physical function, physical activity, quality of life, anthropometrics, and nutritional status were assessed at baseline, after 12 weeks, and after 24 weeks of intervention. Both groups improved physical function and nutritional status and increased physical activity after 12 weeks of intervention (paired student’s t-test, p < 0.01), and maintained the positive effects during the following 12 weeks. No group-by-time interaction was observed in any of the studied variables using mixed-model ANOVA. Based on these findings, we determined that 6 weeks of a group-based exercise intervention caused similar functional and nutritional benefits to a longer group-based intervention of 12 weeks when both are continued at home until 24 weeks.
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Papini, Camila Bosquiero, Leonardo de Campos, Priscila Missaki Nakamura, Bruna Thaís Gomes de Brito, and Eduardo Kokubun. "Cost-analysis and cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in Brazilian primary health care: a randomised feasibility study." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 26, no. 11 (November 2021): 5711–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320212611.27142020.
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Abstract Physical exercise programs have been carried out in primary health care in Brazil and have provided good results in terms of effectiveness, their economic contribution has not been investigated yet. The aim of the study is to verify the feasibility of brief counseling physical activity intervention and to compare its economic cost and cost-effectiveness with supervised physical exercise intervention in primary care. A multi-arm parallel feasibility trial, with equal randomization [1:1:1] was conducted in Basic Health Units in Brazil. 61 participants were randomized in Brief Counseling Intervention (BCI), Supervised Physical Exercise Intervention (SPEI) and Control Group (CG). Interventions lasted one year. The BCI is more economical than the SPEI, costing around 50% less in the economic comparisons (session cost, annual cost and cost per participant annually). At leisure time, the cost to move one person to the physically active category at 12 months is estimated in R$369.00 for BCI and R$426.21 for the SPEI. The Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ICER) is R$310.32. The BCI is feasible and more economic, however, the cost effective is not that different. Thus, it is strongly recommended that the two interventions be offered at primary care in Brazil.
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Long, Clive, Rachel West, Samantha Rigg, Rebecca Spickett, Lynne Murray, Paul Savage, Sarah Butler, Swee-Kit Stillman, and Olga Dolley. "Increasing physical activity in a secure psychiatric service for women." Mental Health Review Journal 20, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhrj-09-2014-0036.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of measures designed to increase physical activity in women in secure psychiatric care. Design/methodology/approach – A range of interventions (environmental and motivational) designed to increase participation in physical activities were introduced on two secure wards for women. A pre-post design assessed frequency, duration and intensity of physical activity, attendance at physical activity sessions, exercise motivation, exercise-related mood, attitudes to exercise and health and biological indices. Measures collected over a three-month baseline period were repeated six months post-intervention. Findings – Significant changes occurred in both attitudes to exercise and health, exercise motivation and exercise behaviour following change initiatives. With the exception of resting pulse rate and perceived exertion, the increased level of activity was not reflected in changes in body mass index, body fat or body muscle. Practical implications – Management led, multi-disciplinary interventions to increase physical activity can have a positive impact on both lifestyle behaviours and physical health. Originality/value – This study adds to a small literature on increasing physical activity in women in secure psychiatric settings where obstacles to change are formidable.
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Henskens, Marinda, Ilse M. Nauta, Marieke C. A. van Eekeren, and Erik J. A. Scherder. "Effects of Physical Activity in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 46, no. 1-2 (2018): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000491818.
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Background/Aims: There is no consensus regarding the optimal nonpharmacological intervention to slow down dementia-related decline. We examined whether physical stimulation interventions were effective in reducing cognitive, physical, mood, and behavioral decline in nursing home residents with dementia. Methods: Eighty-seven nursing home residents with dementia were randomly assigned to 3 physical activity interventions: activities of daily living (ADL) training, multicomponent exercise training, or combined multicomponent exercise and ADL training. Outcomes were measured at baseline, and after 3 and 6 months. Results: A 6-month ADL training benefitted executive functions, physical endurance, and depression among men. Exercise training benefitted only grip strength of participants with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. A combined training benefitted functional mobility compared to ADL training, depressive symptoms and agitation compared to exercise training, and physical endurance compared to no physical stimulation. Conclusions: ADL training appears to be effective for nursing home residents with moderately severe dementia. It remains unclear whether exercise training is an effective type of stimulation.
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Sansano-Nadal, Giné-Garriga, Brach, Wert, Jerez-Roig, Guerra-Balic, Oviedo, et al. "Exercise-Based Interventions to Enhance Long-Term Sustainability of Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 15, 2019): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142527.
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Exercise is a form of physical activity (PA). PA is an important marker of health and quality of life in older adults. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effect of exercise-based interventions on an at least six-month follow up PA measure, and to describe the specific strategies implemented during the intervention to strengthen the sustainability of PA in community-dwelling 65+ year-old adults. We registered and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42017070892) of randomized clinical trials (RCT). We searched three electronic databases during January 2018 to identify RCT assessing any type of exercise-based intervention. Studies had to report a pre-, post-, and at least 6-month post-intervention follow-up. To be included, at least one PA outcome had to be assessed. The effect of exercise-based interventions was assessed compared to active (e.g., a low-intensity type of exercise, such as stretching or toning activities) and non-active (e.g., usual care) control interventions at several time points. Secondary analyses were conducted, restricted to studies that reported specific strategies to enhance the sustainability of PA. The intervention effect was measured on self-reported and objective measures of time spent in PA, by means of standardized mean differences. Standardized mean differences of PA level were pooled. Pooled estimates of effect were computed with the DerSimonian–Laird method, applying a random effects model. The risk of bias was also assessed. We included 12 studies, comparing 18 exercise intervention groups to four active and nine non-active control groups. Nine studies reported specific strategies to enhance the long-term sustainability of PA. The strategies were mostly related to the self-efficacy, self-control, and behavior capability principles based on the social cognitive theory. Exercise interventions compared to active control showed inconclusive and heterogeneous results. When compared to non-active control, exercise interventions improved PA time at the six-months follow up (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.30; 95%CI 0.15 to 0.44; four studies; 724 participants; I2 0%), but not at the one- or two-years follow-ups. No data were available on the mid- and long-term effect of adding strategies to enhance the sustainability of PA. Exercise interventions have small clinical benefits on PA levels in community-dwelling older adults, with a decline in the observed improvement after six months of the intervention cessation.
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Liu, Chang, Hong Yang, Yuchen Jiao, Yunyue Liu, Jing Chang, and Yan Ji. "Preferences of people with mild cognitive impairment for physical activity interventions in China: protocol for a discrete choice experiment study." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e064153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064153.
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IntroductionExercise interventions are important non-pharmacological interventions for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but patients with MCI have poor compliance and there is no consistent strategy for exercise interventions. Understanding the needs and preferences of MCI patients allows for the development of effective and acceptable exercise intervention programmes that achieve the goals of patient-centred care. This study uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to measure and quantify MCI patients’ preferences for exercise interventions, and aims at (1) identifying and exploring which elements of exercise intervention programmes are essential for MCI patients; (2) measuring MCI patients’ preferences for exercise interventions and summarising relevant characteristics that may influence preference choices and (3) determining whether these preferences vary by participant characteristics and classifying the population types based on the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants.Methods and analysisA DCE will be conducted to explore MCI patients’ preferences for exercise interventions. We conducted a systematic literature review and extensive qualitative work to select the best attributes to develop the design of DCE. A partial factorial survey design was generated through an orthogonal experimental design. We will conduct a questionnaire survey in one city each in the eastern (Nanjing), western (Xining), southern (Zhuhai) and northern (Beijing) parts of China and reach the planned sample size (n=278). Final data will be analysed using a mixed logit model and a latent class model.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Medical University (2021-666). All participants will be required to provide informed consent. Our findings will be disseminated and shared with interested patient groups and the general public through online blogs, policy briefs, national and international conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
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Gronwald, Thomas, Alexander Törpel, Fabian Herold, and Henning Budde. "Perspective of Dose and Response for Individualized Physical Exercise and Training Prescription." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 3 (July 14, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5030048.
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Physical interventions are used to increase physical (sports) performance and considered as effective low-cost strategies in the fields of healthcare, disease or injury prevention, and medical treatment. In general, a considerable amount of evidence buttress the application of physical interventions in various fields as it has been demonstrated to contribute to the maintenance and recovery of physical performance, cognitive function, and overall state of health. To implement physical interventions effectively, it is essential to provide an appropriate exercise and training prescription. Exercise and training prescription are key for “dose” specification and for the individualization (personalizing) of physical exercise and training, precisely adjusted and controlled like medication. Since the physiological response to physical interventions is demonstrably individual and dependent on many influencing factors, individualization is an emerging approach aiming to maximize the efficiency of an intervention by accounting for the interindividual heterogeneity. The present brief viewpoint article aims to distinguish and to redefine between the terms dose and response in order to improve the understanding of practitioners, the methodology of study protocols, and to relate future findings to the actual biological (interindividual) variability of acute and chronic responses.
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Apriyanti, Apriyanti, Mayetti Mayetti, and Deswita Deswita. "Physical Exercise Reduce Fatigue in Children With Leukemia." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kesehatan 9, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32668/jitek.v9i1.628.
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Fatigue is a complaint that many children with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) feel while undergoing chemotherapy and is a multidimensional problem. The condition of fatigue that children continuously feel requires treatment from health workers. To optimize physical exercise interventions, researchers combined physical exercise with Levine theory based on four conservation principles to increase patient activity during treatment. The goal of the study was to provide physical exercise to children with ALL undergoing chemotherapy. The research method is quantitative with Quasy Experimen With Control Group Pre-Test-Post-Test Design. This study sample of ALL children aged 8-13 years who underwent maintenance phase chemotherapy. The sample was taken using consecutive sampling techniques with a total of 22 people. The data collection tool uses the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale questionnaire. The results showed that the average fatigue scale in the pre-test intervention group was 31.18 and post-test 47.64. The pre-test control group was 27.27 and post-test 39.18. The level of fatigue experienced by children decreased (p 0.000) after being given physical exercise walking 5 minutes, six times in 14 days. The involvement of health workers is expected in conducting a comprehensive assessment of fatigue symptoms, and the results of this study can be used as one of the physical exercise interventions in the management of fatigue in children with leukemia.
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Apriyanti, Apriyanti, Mayetti Mayetti, and Deswita Deswita. "Physical Exercise Reduce Fatigue in Children With Leukemia." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kesehatan 9, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32668/jitek.v9i1.628.
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Fatigue is a complaint that many children with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) feel while undergoing chemotherapy and is a multidimensional problem. The condition of fatigue that children continuously feel requires treatment from health workers. To optimize physical exercise interventions, researchers combined physical exercise with Levine theory based on four conservation principles to increase patient activity during treatment. The goal of the study was to provide physical exercise to children with ALL undergoing chemotherapy. The research method is quantitative with Quasy Experimen With Control Group Pre-Test-Post-Test Design. This study sample of ALL children aged 8-13 years who underwent maintenance phase chemotherapy. The sample was taken using consecutive sampling techniques with a total of 22 people. The data collection tool uses the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale questionnaire. The results showed that the average fatigue scale in the pre-test intervention group was 31.18 and post-test 47.64. The pre-test control group was 27.27 and post-test 39.18. The level of fatigue experienced by children decreased (p 0.000) after being given physical exercise walking 5 minutes, six times in 14 days. The involvement of health workers is expected in conducting a comprehensive assessment of fatigue symptoms, and the results of this study can be used as one of the physical exercise interventions in the management of fatigue in children with leukemia.
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Papatsimpas, V., S. Vrouva, and D. Bakalidou. "The effect of exercise on the cognitive and physical function of patients with dementia." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1034.
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IntroductionDementia is characterized by a decrease in mental functions, while disorders of balance, coordination of movements and gait are gradually added. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the role of exercise as a therapeutic strategy for people with dementia.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of exercise and its parameters on cognitive and physical function in patients with dementia after reviewing the relevant literature.MethodsReview of the literature based on the research of original scientific articles published in the electronic databases PubMed / Medline and Google scholar using as keywords the terms dementia, cognitive function, physical function, functionality, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise.ResultsA review in the literature highlights the beneficial effect of exercise on patients with dementia. Aerobic exercise and mixed interventions have been studied more, while resistance interventions have been less studied. All three types of exercise have shown positive effects. The methodology differences of the studies make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the optimal intervention in the cognitive and physical function for the optimal result, the type of exercise, the duration, the frequency and the intensity.ConclusionsExercise (physical) may help maintain or improve cognitive function and functionality in patients with dementia but additional study is needed to clarify optimal intervention and establish guidelines.
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Gour, Priyanka, Anita Choudhary, Krushna Chandra Sahoo, Maria Jirwe, Mats Hallgren, Vinod Kumar Diwan, Vijay K. Mahadik, and Vishal Diwan. "Experience of Elderly People Regarding the Effect of Yoga/Light Exercise on Sedentary Behavior: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study in Madhya Pradesh, India." Geriatrics 5, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics5040103.
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This study is set on the background of a randomized control trial (RCT) in which intervention was carried to observe the effects of yoga/light exercise on the improvement in health and well-being among the elderly population. A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted as part of RCT interventions to explore the experience of the elderly practicing yoga/light exercise in relation to sedentary behavior in the Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Participants of the RCT were selected for this study. Eighteen focus group discussions were conducted—six during each phase of RCT interventions (before, during, and after). The findings regarding motivating and demotivating factors in various phases of intervention were presented in three categories: experience and perception of the effects of yoga/light exercise on sedentary behavior (1) before, (2) during, and (3) after intervention. This study explores the positive effect of yoga/light exercise on sedentary behavior and subjective well-being on the elderly population. They were recognized to have undergone changes in their physical and emotional well-being by consistently practicing yoga/light exercise. The main driving factors were periodic health check-ups and the encouragement of qualified trainers without any cost. This study concludes with the notion that these interventions should be encouraged in the community to use physical exercise as a method to better control the physical and social effects of aging.
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Lim, S. E. R., N. J. Cox, and H. C. Roberts. "90 The Effectiveness of Volunteer-Led Physical Activity Interventions in Improving Health Outcomes for Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review." Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i30—i32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz194.01.
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Abstract Introduction Physical activity (PA) is important for older people to maintain functional independence and healthy ageing. PA interventions for community-dwelling older adults are often delivered by healthcare professionals, fitness instructors or trained members of a research team. Innovative approaches are needed to ensure that these interventions are practical and sustainable. This systematic review explores the effectiveness of volunteer-led PA interventions in improving health outcomes for community-dwelling older people. Methods Following PRISMA recommendations, five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane library) were systematically searched until May 2019, for studies using trained volunteers to deliver PA interventions for community-dwelling older people aged ≥ 65 years, reporting on participant outcomes. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to included study heterogeneity. Results Twelve papers (eight studies including three randomised controlled trials (RCTs)) were included in the review; five papers reported different outcomes from the same RCT. Intervention settings included community exercise groups (n=4), home (n=2) and care homes (n=2). All eight studies included strength and balance exercises and frequency of PA ranged from once daily to weekly sessions. The three RCTs showed improvement in grip strength, nutritional and frailty status, and reduction in fear of falling, among 39 older adults (mean age 83 years) who received a physical training and nutritional intervention; improvement in grip strength and activity of daily living scores among 56 nursing home older adults (mean age 78 years) who received resistance exercise training; and a significantly higher proportion of older adults (n = 193, 9% improvement vs 0.5% in the control group) achieved the recommended target of 150 minutes of moderate vigorous PA per week using the Falls Management Exercise intervention. Two studies compared volunteer and health professional-delivered PA interventions and reported that both interventions were equally effective in reducing fear of falls and improving quality of life. Two quasi-experimental studies reported improvement in functional outcomes including functional reach, timed up and go test, and chair stand. A large prospective cohort study (n = 1620) reported a reduction in disability among older adults who received volunteer-led exercise compared to control, with a hazard ratio of 0.73 (95% CI 0.62-0.86) for development of disability. Conclusions Trained volunteers can lead PA interventions among community-dwelling older adults with some evidence of improved health outcomes including nutritional, functional and frailty status.