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Academic literature on the topic 'Physical exercise interventions'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Physical exercise interventions"

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Campos, Leonardo, Priscila Nakamura, and Eduardo Kokubun. "Comparison of physical fitness in elderly submitted to different physical exercise interventions." Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.21n1p78-84.

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The objective was to investigate the influence of two types of physical exercise intervention on elderly individuals’ physical fitness. The study included 17 older adults with a mean age of 65.8 years (± 2.88), divided into two groups: Programa de Exercícios Físicos em Unidades de Saúde (PEFUS – Physical Exercise Program in Health Units, n = 8) and Adapted Volleyball (n = 9). PEFUS classes were held three times a week and lasted 90 minutes, including strength, aerobic endurance, agility, coordination and balance exercises. Adapted Volleyball classes were performed two times per week and lasted 120 minutes, divided into skill volleyball exercises and game. For the evaluation of physical skills (strength, agility, coordination and flexibility), the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) set of tests was performed. All participants were assessed at the baseline and after three months of interventions. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial ANOVA through SPSS, version 17.0, and a significance level p <0.05. Motor coordination showed significant improvements after three months of interventions, decreasing from 11.7 ± 2.3 to 10.1 ± 1.6 seconds for Adapted Volleyball and from 15.8 ± 3.3 to 12.0 ± 3.5 seconds for PEFUS (p <0.05). Regarding strength endurance, there was a group-moment interaction (p <0.05) and the PEFUS group showed an increase in this variable after intervention. The interventions are beneficial to the physical fitness of elderly individuals, because they increase or maintain such fitness after these interventions.
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Borello-France, Diane, Kathryn L. Burgio, Patricia S. Goode, Alayne D. Markland, Kimberly Kenton, Aarthi Balasubramanyam, and Anne M. Stoddard. "Adherence to Behavioral Interventions for Urge Incontinence When Combined With Drug Therapy: Adherence Rates, Barriers, and Predictors." Physical Therapy 90, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080387.

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Background Behavioral intervention outcomes for urinary incontinence (UI) depend on active patient participation. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe adherence to behavioral interventions (pelvic-floor muscle [PFM] exercises, UI prevention strategies, and delayed voiding), patient-perceived exercise barriers, and predictors of exercise adherence in women with urge-predominant UI. Design This was a prospectively planned secondary data analysis from a 2-stage, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Patients and Intervention Three hundred seven women with urge-predominant UI were randomly assigned to receive either 10 weeks of drug therapy only or 10 weeks of drug therapy combined with a behavioral intervention for UI. One hundred fifty-four participants who received the combined intervention were included in this analysis. Measurements Pelvic-floor muscle exercise adherence and exercise barriers were assessed during the intervention phase and 1 year afterward. Adherence to UI prevention strategies and delayed voiding were assessed during the intervention only. Results During intervention, 81% of women exercised at least 5 to 6 days per week, and 87% performed at least 30 PFM contractions per day. Ninety-two percent of the women used the urge suppression strategy successfully. At the 12-month follow-up, only 32% of the women exercised at least 5 to 6 days per week, and 56% performed 15 or more PFM contractions on the days they exercised. The most persistent PFM exercise barriers were difficulty remembering to exercise and finding time to exercise. Similarly, difficulty finding time to exercise persisted as a predictor of PFM exercise adherence over time. Limitations Co-administration of medication for UI may have influenced adherence. Conclusions Most women adhered to exercise during supervised intervention; however, adherence declined over the long term. Interventions to help women remember to exercise and to integrate PFM exercises and UI prevention strategies into daily life may be useful to promote long-term adherence.
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Keawtep, Puntarik, Wanachaporn Wichayanrat, Sirinun Boripuntakul, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, and Somporn Sungkarat. "Cognitive Benefits of Physical Exercise, Physical–Cognitive Training, and Technology-Based Intervention in Obese Individuals with and without Postmenopausal Condition: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 13364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013364.

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Obesity and estrogen deprivation have been identified as significant risk factors for cognitive impairment. Thus, postmenopausal conditions when paired with obesity may amplify the risks of developing dementia. Physical exercise has been recommended as a primary treatment for preventing obesity-related comorbidities and alleviating menopausal symptoms. This narrative review aimed to summarize the effects of exercise on cognition in obese individuals with and without menopausal condition, along with potential physiological mechanisms linking these interventions to cognitive improvement. Research evidence has demonstrated that exercise benefits not only physical but also cognitive and brain health. Among various types of exercise, recent studies have suggested that combined physical–cognitive exercise may exert larger gains in cognitive benefits than physical or cognitive exercise alone. Despite the scarcity of studies investigating the effects of physical and combined physical–cognitive exercise in obese individuals, especially those with menopausal condition, existing evidence has shown promising findings. Applying these exercises through technology-based interventions may be a viable approach to increase accessibility and adherence to the intervention. More evidence from randomized clinical trials with large samples and rigorous methodology is required. Further, investigations of biochemical and physiological outcomes along with behavioral changes will provide insight into underlying mechanisms linking these interventions to cognitive improvement.
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Borello-France, Diane, Kathryn L. Burgio, Patricia S. Goode, Wen Ye, Alison C. Weidner, Emily S. Lukacz, John-Eric Jelovsek, et al. "Adherence to Behavioral Interventions for Stress Incontinence: Rates, Barriers, and Predictors." Physical Therapy 93, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 757–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120072.

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BackgroundFirst-line conservative treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women is behavioral intervention, including pelvic-floor muscle (PFM) exercise and bladder control strategies.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to describe adherence and barriers to exercise and bladder control strategy adherence and (2) to identify predictors of exercise adherence.DesignThis study was a planned secondary analysis of data from a multisite, randomized trial comparing intravaginal continence pessary, multicomponent behavioral therapy, and combined therapy in women with stress-predominant urinary incontinence (UI).MethodsData were analyzed from the groups who received behavioral intervention alone (n=146) or combined with continence pessary therapy (n=150). Adherence was measured during supervised treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-randomization. Barriers to adherence were surveyed during treatment and at the 3-month time point. Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of exercise adherence during supervised treatment and at the 3- and 12-month time points.ResultsDuring supervised treatment, ≥86% of the women exercised ≥5 days a week, and ≥80% performed at least 30 contractions on days they exercised. At 3, 6, and 12 months post-randomization, 95%, 88%, and 80% of women, respectively, indicated they were still performing PFM exercises. During supervised treatment and at 3 months post-randomization, ≥87% of the women reported using learned bladder control strategies to prevent SUI. In addition, the majority endorsed at least one barrier to PFM exercise, most commonly “trouble remembering to do exercises.” Predictors of exercise adherence changed over time. During supervised intervention, less frequent baseline UI and higher baseline 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental scores predicted exercise adherence. At 3 months post-randomization, women who dropped out of the study had weaker PFMs at baseline. At 12 months post-randomization, only “trouble remembering” was associated with exercise adherence.LimitationsAdherence and barrier questionnaires were not validated.ConclusionsAdherence to PFM exercises and bladder control strategies for SUI can be high and sustained over time. However, behavioral interventions to help women link exercise to environmental and behavioral cues may only be beneficial over the short term.
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Herrema, Annemarthe L., Marjan J. Westerman, Ellen J. I. van Dongen, Urszula Kudla, and Martijn Veltkamp. "Combined Protein-Rich Diet With Resistance Exercise Intervention to Counteract Sarcopenia: A Qualitative Study on Drivers and Barriers of Compliance." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0126.

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Interventions combining protein-rich diets with resistance exercises seem a promising avenue in helping to prevent sarcopenia. However, compliance to health interventions is generally low. The aim of the present study was to provide qualitative insights into the drivers and barriers that older adults experience when trying to comply with a combined dietary and physical exercise intervention. Semi-structured interviews with 18 older adults participating in such an intervention were conducted and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Most frequently reported drivers to comply with the diet were a fit with existing habits, knowledge on the health benefits, and product properties (taste, convenience, package). Drivers for physical exercises were existing habits, social contacts, customized support, and experienced physical improvement. It is suggested that customized support is important to successfully implement exercise-protein interventions amongst older adults, especially regarding participants’ habits, product preferences, and social environment.
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Huang, Hong, Wenyang Li, Zheng Qin, Hui Shen, Xiaomeng Li, and Wei Wang. "Physical exercise increases peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factors in patients with cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis." Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 39, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/rnn-201060.

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Background: Physical exercise can improve cognitive dysfunction. Its specific mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have indicated that elevating or peripherally overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) improve cognitive impairment. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether physical exercise improves cognitive performance in patients with cognitive dysfunction, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD), by increasing peripheral BDNF. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2020 for studies that assayed the changes in peripheral BDNF levels in MCI and AD patients after exercise training. Results: Peripheral BDNF levels were significantly elevated after a single exercise session (SMD = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.150–0.787, P = 0.004) or regular exercise interventions (SMD = 0.418, 95% CI: 0.105–0.731, P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis showed that only regular aerobic exercise interventions (SMD = 0.543, 95% CI: 0.038–1.049, P = 0.035) and intervention duration of 16 weeks or greater (SMD = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.154 –0.733, P = 0.003) significantly increased peripheral BDNF levels. Only plasma BDNF levels (SMD = 0.365, 95% CI:0.066–0.664, P = 0.017) were significantly increased after exercise interventions. Conclusions: Acute and chronic physical exercises may improve cognitive impairment by increasing peripheral BDNF levels. Aerobic exercises and a longer duration of exercising increased BDNF levels. These findings also suggest that BDNF may be a suitable biomarker for evaluating the effect of exercise in patients with cognitive impairment, such as AD or MCI.
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Rezola-Pardo, Chloe, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad, Julen Gomez-Diaz, Garbiñe Lozano-Real, Itxaso Mugica-Errazquin, Maria Jesus Patiño, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Jon Irazusta, and Susana María Gil. "Comparison Between Multicomponent Exercise and Walking Interventions in Long-Term Nursing Homes: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Gerontologist 60, no. 7 (December 17, 2019): 1364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz177.

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Abstract Background and Objectives There is evidence that exercise interventions counteract the functional and cognitive decline experienced by long-term nursing home (LTNH) residents. To determine the most effective exercise intervention, we compared the effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention and a walking intervention on physical and cognitive performance, habitual physical activity, affective function, and quality of life among older adults living in LTNHs. Research Design and Methods This 3-month single-blind randomized controlled trial (NCT03996083) involved 81 participants at 9 LTNHs randomly assigned to a multicomponent (MG) or a walking (WG) group. The MG participated in a twice-a-week individualized and progressive program composed of strength and balance exercises for 3 months. The WG was also individualized and participants walked up to 20 min per day. The primary outcome was the score on the short physical performance battery (SPPB). Secondary outcomes included other physical performance tests, habitual physical activity, cognitive performance, affective function, and quality of life. Results Compared with the WG, the MG group showed greater improvements in physical performance, including the SPPB (p &lt; .05). No significant differences were observed in cognitive performance or habitual physical activity. Both groups showed improvements in anxiety and quality of life (p &lt; .05). Discussion and Implications Although both interventions were effective in maintaining or improving affective function, the MG conferred greater improvements in physical function. Therefore, multicomponent interventions would be preferable over walking-only interventions. Otherwise, individualized and progressive walking interventions should be implemented to face the rapid decline in functionality encountered in LTNHs.
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Sweegers, Maike G., Teatske M. Altenburg, Johannes Brug, Anne M. May, Jonna K. van Vulpen, Neil K. Aaronson, Gill Arbane, et al. "Effects and moderators of exercise on muscle strength, muscle function and aerobic fitness in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 13 (September 4, 2018): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099191.

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ObjectiveTo optimally target exercise interventions for patients with cancer, it is important to identify which patients benefit from which interventions.DesignWe conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis to investigate demographic, clinical, intervention-related and exercise-related moderators of exercise intervention effects on physical fitness in patients with cancer.Data sourcesWe identified relevant studies via systematic searches in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL).Eligibility criteriaWe analysed data from 28 randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise on upper body muscle strength (UBMS) and lower body muscle strength (LBMS), lower body muscle function (LBMF) and aerobic fitness in adult patients with cancer.ResultsExercise significantly improved UBMS (β=0.20, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.14 to 0.26), LBMS (β=0.29, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.35), LBMF (β=0.16, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.24) and aerobic fitness (β=0.28, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.34), with larger effects for supervised interventions. Exercise effects on UBMS were larger during treatment, when supervised interventions included ≥3 sessions per week, when resistance exercises were included and when session duration was >60 min. Exercise effects on LBMS were larger for patients who were living alone, for supervised interventions including resistance exercise and when session duration was >60 min. Exercise effects on aerobic fitness were larger for younger patients and when supervised interventions included aerobic exercise.ConclusionExercise interventions during and following cancer treatment had small effects on UBMS, LBMS, LBMF and aerobic fitness. Demographic, intervention-related and exercise-related characteristics including age, marital status, intervention timing, delivery mode and frequency and type and time of exercise sessions moderated the exercise effect on UBMS, LBMS and aerobic fitness.
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Fang, Hsin-Yu, Brett T. Burrows, Alexis C. King, and Kenneth R. Wilund. "A Comparison of Intradialytic versus Out-of-Clinic Exercise Training Programs for Hemodialysis Patients." Blood Purification 49, no. 1-2 (December 18, 2019): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503772.

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Background: Physical inactivity is prevalent and linked with a variety of unfavorable clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. To increase physical activity (PA) and improve quality of life in this population, intradialytic and out-of-clinic exercise interventions have been implemented in many studies. However, there is still a lack of consensus in the literature on which type of exercise intervention is more feasible and effective. Summary: This review provides a brief overview of intradialytic and out-of-clinic exercise protocols utilized in previous studies. We also examine data related to the feasibility of each approach, and their efficacy for improving cardiovascular health, muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Key Messages: The benefits from most intradialytic and out-of-center exercise training interventions published to date have been modest or inconsistent. Furthermore, neither appears to provide a significant advantage over the other in terms of benefits for cardiovascular health, muscle mass, strength, and physical function. A significant concern is that most intradialytic and out-of-center exercise interventions are mandated exercise prescriptions that include either endurance or resistance training exercises, performed at low-moderate intensities, for a total of 60–135 min of exercise/week. This volume, intensity, and variety of exercise are far less than what is recommended in most PA guidelines. This type of structured activity is also boring for most patients. To enhance the effectiveness of exercise interventions, we suggest using the intradialytic period to provide patients guidance on how they can best incorporate more activity into their lives, based on their individual needs and barriers.
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McGibbon, Chris, Pam Jarrett, Grant Handrigan, Danielle Bouchard, Carole C. Tranchant, Andrew M. Sexton, Linda Yetman, et al. "Protocol for SYNchronising Exercises, Remedies in GaIt and Cognition at Home (SYNERGIC@Home): feasibility of a home-based double-blind randomised controlled trial to improve gait and cognition in individuals at risk for dementia." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e059988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059988.

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Introduction Physical exercise and cognitive training have the potential to enhance cognitive function and mobility in older adults at risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD), but little is known about the feasibility of delivering multidomain interventions in home settings of older adults at risk of ADRD. This study aims to assess the feasibility of home-based delivery of exercise and cognitive interventions, and to evaluate the relationship between participants’ intervention preferences and their subsequent adherence. Secondary objectives include the effect of the interventions on ADRD risk factors, including frailty, mobility, sleep, diet and psychological health. Methods and analysis The SYNchronising Exercises, Remedies in GaIt and Cognition at Home (SYNERGIC@Home) feasibility trial is a randomised control trial that follows a 2×2 factorial design, with a 16-week home-based intervention programme (3 sessions per week) of physical exercises and cognitive training. Participants will be randomised in blocks of four to one of the following four arms: (1) combined exercise (aerobic and resistance)+cognitive training (NEUROPEAK); (2) combined exercise+control cognitive training (web searching); (3) control exercise (balance and toning)+cognitive training; and (4) control exercise+control cognitive training. SYNERGIC@Home will be implemented through video conferencing. Baseline and post-intervention assessments at 4-month and 10-month follow-up will include measures of cognition, frailty, mobility, sleep, diet and psychological health. Primary feasibility outcome is adherence to the interventions. Primary analytic outcome is the relationship between pre-allocation preference for a given intervention and subsequent adherence to the allocated intervention. A series of secondary analytic outcomes examining the potential effect of the individual and combined interventions on cognitive, mobility and general well-being will be measured at baseline and follow-up. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was granted by the relevant research ethics boards. Findings of the study will be presented to stakeholders and published in peer-reviewed journals and at provincial, national and international conferences. Trial registration number NCT04997681, Pre-results.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physical exercise interventions"

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Oldervoll, Line Merethe. "Physical activity and exercise interventions in cancer patients." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1685.

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Dalton, Jane E. "Exploring the potential effectiveness of workplace exercise and physical activity interventions." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411457.

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Antikainen, Iina E. "Investigating the Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions for Older Adults." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/kin_health_diss/9.

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Regular physical activity can help prevent chronic conditions and it is positively linked to health-related quality of life (United States Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2000). Unfortunately, many older adults do not engage in leisure time activity (USDHHS, 2000); making it important to design and test physical activity interventions for this population. The purpose of this dissertation was to review the external validity of theory-based physical activity interventions and to examine the efficacy of a mail-based physical activity intervention. The review included 54 theory-based interventions and overall the studies focused on internal rather than external validity. The hypotheses of the experimental study were that the psychological mediators and physical activity participation would significantly increase among the treatment group as compared to the control group, and that the changes in the mediators would be related to the changes in activity levels. The intervention included 4 weekly stage-matched packages targeting population specific physical activity beliefs (Antikainen et al., 2009) and weekly phone calls to reassess stages of change. Physical activity participation, stages of change, and theory of planned behavior constructs were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Differences in activity levels and theory-based constructs were assessed with repeated measures mixed analysis of variance. Stage of change progression was examined with chi-square analysis. Measured variable path analysis was used to determine associations between the theory constructs, stages of change, and physical activity participation. The participants were 55 older adults, ages 54 to 96 years. Most of the participants were female, Black, and reported low levels of education and income. The treatment group reported statistically significantly greater physical activity after the intervention than the control group that reported lower levels of activity at follow-up. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend in SOC progression after the intervention in the treatment group. Finally, the integrated model was found to have a good fit at follow-up and perceived behavioral control emerged as a significant predictor of physical activity. This research provides important information for the design of physical activity interventions based upon the integrated framework for translation to community-based organizations.
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Adamson, Sarah, Laurie Block, Sarah Adamson, Chris Petrus, Maryam Shahnefried, and Susan Harris. "Effects of Exercise Interventions on Stereotypic Behaviors of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Irving K. Barber Learning Centre, UBC, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/94.

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Recorded by Eugene Barsky, Physiotherapy Outreach Librarian, UBC
This is a Systematic Review Presentation titled - "TEffects of Exercise Interventions on Stereotypic Behaviors of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder", created by Master of Physical Therapy Graduating Students, University of British Columbia - 2006, Presented on September 14-15, 2006 , Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Grisham, Daniel. "Interventions Targeting an Increase in Client Exercise and Healthy Eating Habits: A Systematic Review." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2543.

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Obesity is a major cause of all preventable deaths in the United States. Many health problems can develop due to obesity. Some of the problems that can develop are cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, osteoporosis and bone fractures, and dental diseases. The mean percentage of adults aged 20 and over who are overweight, including obesity is 71.6%. The mean prevalence of obesity in the US is 39.8% of adults in all age groups. The current review aims to systematically analyze ABA interventions that include an experimental intervention targeting an increase in exercise, healthy eating practices, or educational interventions targeting exercise or healthy eating in order to evaluate the efficacy of currently existing interventions and predict or suggest possible interventions to be conducted in the future. Secondly, this review attempted to emphasize the relative lack of ABA interventions directed toward increasing exercise and healthy eating in individuals with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities. Methods of gathering, classifying, and organizing studies were discussed, as well as the criteria for inclusion or exclusion.
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Wang, Xingyue, and 王星月. "Diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206966.

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Background Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) poses significant risk for maternal and neonatal health. Various guidelines have recommended healthy diets and enhancing physical activity during pregnancy to prevent excessive GWG. However, results of intervention studies are inconsistent in the developed countries, and there are no official guidelines and few interventions for GWG in China. This paper aims to review and synthesize relevant studies on diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG so that practical suggestions can be provided to public health authorities in China. Methods This systematic review was performed using PubMed, Google and Google Scholar to search all relevant studies in English and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated diet and physical activity interventions to limit excessive GWG up to May 2014. The quality of included studies was assessed using CONSORT statement and JADAD scale. Results Nine studies describing diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG were incorporated in the systematic review. Overall, the contents of interventions were diverse, which consisted of one-to-one counselling, and community-based physical activity interventions. Weekly mailed newsletters and supportive telephone calls were used as assistive tools to remind pregnant women of limiting excessive GWG. Seven studies showed less weight gain in pregnant women receiving the intervention, of which four studies demonstrated a reduction in excessive GWG in women with varying body mass index (BMI) spanning the normal, overweight and obese categories, while three studies reported a reduction of excessive GWG only in normal weight women and obese women need to be paid attention in the future. Conclusions The effectiveness of diet and physical interventions to limit excessive GWG may not be confirmed because of limited quality or sample size of intervention studies. However, studies have demonstrated reduction of excessive GWG during pregnancy, in addition to persistent healthy behaviours following such interventions during pregnancy. Further meta-analyses of RCTs studies should be done to confirm the effectiveness of such interventions among Chinese women.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Park, Young Jin Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Effects of exercise-based lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular reactivity of untrained premenopausal women." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41449.

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Three studies were designed to investigate the effects of exercise-based lifestyle interventions including diet change and exercise training on cardiovascular and autonomic responses to various physical and mental challenges in untrained premenopausal women. In Study 1, the effects of different tasks designed to activate the sympathetic nervous system on autonomic control of cardiovascular functioning such as the Stroop colour-word task (Stroop) and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in 20 untrained premenopausal women (22.6??0.7 years) were determined. In Study 2, a longitudinal exercise intervention strategy was used with 18 untrained premenopausal women (22.5??0.7 years) in order to investigate the effect of 15 weeks of high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) training on cardiac autonomic responses to mental challenge (Stroop) and LBNP. In Study 3, the effects of HIIE training combined with a Mediterranean-style eating plan and fish oil supplement (Fish oil, Exercise, Mediterranean diet; FEM) on cardiovascular function during mental challenge (Stroop) and physical tasks (handgrip and reactive hyperaemia) were examined in 32 overweight untrained premenopausal women (22.0??0.6 years). In these studies, forearm blood flow (FBF) was assessed using Hokanson Plethysmography with the venous occlusion technique. The surface electrocardiogram and continuous beat-to-beat arterial blood pressure were also monitored. Peak oxygen uptake was assessed using open-circuit spirometry (True Max 2400, ParvoMedics). In addition, body composition was measured using DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; DPX-IQ, Lunar Radiation). Results from Study 1 indicate that FBF response to mental challenge in young females was smaller compared to previously obtained data from age-matched males. Furthermore, this FBF response to mental challenge was negatively correlated to insulin resistance estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) (r = - .52, p < .05). In addition, when cardiopulmonary baroreceptors were unloaded by a mild level of LBNP (-20 mmHg) during Stoop, FBF response to mental challenge (vasodilation) was abolished suggesting a large dependency of vasodilation response during mental challenge on cardiopulmonary baroreflex. After 15 weeks of supervised HIIE training, aerobic fitness improved (p < .05) whereas percent of body fat was significantly decreased (p < .05). In addition, recovery BP following Stroop was significantly reduced. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was marginally decreased (p = .056). Women who had higher insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) lost less fat than women with lower HOMA-IR (r = .60, p = .088). In addition, change in FBF during Stroop after training was directly related to pretest insulin resistance levels (r = .68, p < .05). Therefore, HIIE training had a normalising effect on FBF response to mental challenge. PEP/LVET ratio at rest and during LBNP was also significantly increased in women with higher HOMA-IR suggesting a reduction in cardiac contractility via a decrease in sympathetic stimulation (r = .62, p = .076, r = .62, p = .75 respectively). In Study 3 results indicated that 12 weeks of the FEM trial significantly reduced percent of body fat (p < .001), fasting insulin (p < .05), interleukin-6 (p < .05) and cortisol (p < .05), and significantly improved aerobic fitness ( ; p < .001). With respect to cardiovascular and cardiac autonomic measures, rate pressure product (RPP) was significantly reduced at rest (p < .05) and during recovery after Stoop (p < .05), suggesting decreased myocardial oxygen consumption. In addition, baseline heart rate determined in the sitting position was significantly reduced (p < .05), while both baseline high frequency power (HF) determined in supine (p < .01) and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) determined in the sitting position (p < .05) were increased after the FEM trial. In addition, BRS determined during mental challenge also marginally increased (p = .051). In summary, lifestyle intervention including HIIE training, Mediterranean-style eating plan, and a fish oil supplement significantly enhanced parasympathetic influence of the heart and improved fitness, blood profiles, and body composition.
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Nickels, Marc. "Exercise interventions with critically ill patients in an Australian tertiary intensive care unit." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/206174/1/Marc_Nickels_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated the physical impairments experienced by critically ill patients in intensive care. Clinicians’ perceptions regarding exercise with critically ill patients were explored, and medical records analysed to illustrate that despite clinicians’ positive perceptions regarding exercise, critically ill patients rarely completed exercise interventions whilst admitted to the intensive care unit. A preliminary randomised control trial was conducted that evaluated the effectiveness of an innovative in-bed cycling intervention. In-bed cycling with critically ill patients was found to be safe, feasible and acceptable to patients, families and clinicians. Promising patient outcomes were identified that justify a future multi-centre randomised control trial.
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Brocki, Barbara C. "Physiotherapy interventions and outcomes following lung cancer surgery." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-45728.

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The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of exercise training and inspiratory muscle training and to describe pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, physical performance and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following lung cancer surgery. Study I was a randomised controlled trial including 78 patients radically operated for lung cancer. The intervention group received 10 sessions of supervised exercise training in addition to home-based exercise; the control group was instructed on home-exercise alone. Supervised compared to non-supervised exercise training did not result in differences between groups in HRQoL, except for the SF-36 bodily pain domain four months after the surgery. No effects of supervised training were found for any outcome after one year. Study II was descriptive and was based on the study I sample. We evaluated the course of recovery of HRQoL and physical performance up to one year following surgery. All patients improved HRQoL and physical performance one year after the surgery, reaching values comparable to a reference healthy population. The walked distance was positively associated with the SF-36 domain for physical functioning. Study III was descriptive, included 81 patients and evaluated the influence of surgery on respiratory muscle strength, lung function and physical performance two weeks and six months after surgery. We found that respiratory muscle strength was not affected after the second postoperative week and that muscle-sparring thoracotomy did not deteriorate respiratory muscle strength, compared to video-assisted thoracic surgery. Compared to preoperative values, physical performance was recovered, whereas lung function remained reduced six months postoperatively. Study IV was a randomised controlled trial including 68 patients at high risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). This study evaluated the effects of two weeks of postoperative inspiratory muscle training in addition to breathing exercises and early mobilisation on respiratory muscle strength and the incidence of PPC. Additional inspiratory muscle training did not increase respiratory muscle strength, but improved postoperative oxygenation. Respiratory muscle strength was recovered in both groups two weeks postoperatively.
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Stevens, Emily Claire. "Evaluation of a social cognitive theory-based adolescent physical activity intervention Plan for exercise, plan for health /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158096089.

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Books on the topic "Physical exercise interventions"

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Lam, Linda C. W., and Michelle Riba, eds. Physical Exercise Interventions for Mental Health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316157565.

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1953-, Mutrie Nanette, ed. Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being, and interventions. 2nd ed. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2007.

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Therapeutic exercise for physical therapist assistants: Techniques for intervention. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health, 2013.

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Physical Exercise Interventions for Mental Health. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

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Riba, Michelle, and Linda C. W. Lam. Physical Exercise Interventions for Mental Health. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

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Musculoskeletal Interventions: Techniques for Terapeutic Exercise. McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.

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Martin, Jeffrey J. Physical Activity Interventions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0036.

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In addition to theory testing, researchers have also examined if exercise interventions serve to enhance psychological constructs such as self-esteem and behavior such as functional fitness, activities of daily living (ADL), and physical activity. The purpose of this chapter is to review the physical activity (PA) intervention research and offer criticisms and future research directions. Laboratory PA interventions have been effective at increasing physical capacity, muscular strength, walking ability, and reducing body weight, stress, depression, and pain. However, laboratory research has been criticized for lacking ecological validity, thus researchers have also investigated whether lifestyle-type community or field-based interventions are effective. Researchers have shown that increasing social support for PA is effective for adults, and water-based activities help children with cerebral palsy increase their functional fitness. Nontraditional approaches such as yoga, massage, relaxation, and mindfulness training might be considered potential antecedents of reduced negative affect, increased positive affect, and enhanced functional fitness.
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1959-, Voight Michael L., Hoogenboom Barbara J, and Prentice William E, eds. Musculoskeletal interventions: Techniques for therapeutic exercise. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division, 2007.

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Biddle, Stuart. Psychology of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-Being and Interventions. Routledge, 2001.

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Biddle, Stuart. Psychology of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-Being and Interventions. Routledge, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physical exercise interventions"

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Lima, Camila Astolphi, Renato Barbosa dos Santos, and Monica Rodrigues Perracini. "Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Rehabilitation." In Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 189–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_14.

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AbstractEnhancing physical activity promotes positive health trajectories throughout the life course. Physical activity should be tailored and graded to suit older adults’ capacities and needs and can be combined with rehabilitation interventions to manage geriatric syndromes and disability. This chapter provides a summary of current evidence about the role of physical activity for older adults, emphasizing nutritional aspects. We also present strategies to help health-care professionals to enhance physical activity participation.
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Cale, Lorraine, and Jo Harris. "Physical Activity Promotion Interventions, Initiatives, Resources and Contacts." In Exercise and Young People, 232–70. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08595-5_10.

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Nigg, Claudio R., and Zoe Durand. "Measuring Interventions’ Effects—Assessment of Perceived Barriers, Enjoyment, and Adherence of Physical Activity." In Applied Exercise Psychology, 135–44. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203795422-12.

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Moyers, Susette A., and Martin S. Hagger. "Planning and Implementation Intention Interventions in Physical Activity." In Motivation and Self-regulation in Sport and Exercise, 166–83. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003176695-12.

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Kohrt, Wendy M., Karen L. Villalon, and Daniel W. Barry. "Effects of Exercise and Physical Interventions on Bone: Clinical Studies." In Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, 235–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8415_2011_91.

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Zwolinsky, Stephen, Jim McKenna, and Andy Pringle. "How Can the Health System Benefit from Increasing Participation in Sport, Exercise and Physical Activity?" In Sports-Based Health Interventions, 29–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5996-5_2.

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Branin, Joan Julia. "Improving Work Capacity and HRQoL: The Role of QoL Technologies." In Quantifying Quality of Life, 165–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94212-0_8.

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AbstractFitness technology, including trackers and smartphone applications (apps), has become increasingly popular for measuring and encouraging physical activity in recent years. Physical activity is closely linked with health and well-being; however, many Americans do not engage in regular exercise. This trend of inactivity increases with age and can interfere with an individual’s capacity to work. The benefits of physical activity and fitness extend beyond job performance and physical aspects of work capacity and include longer life and enhanced quality of life. This literature review addresses the question: How does the use of self-management QoL technologies affect work capacity and reported quality of life? It examines (1) the factors associated with variations in work capacity and quality of life; (2) the state-of-art of personalized, miniaturized computing QoL technologies for measuring and improving physical activity and fitness levels; (3) the use of activity trackers to quantify work capacity; and (4) strategies to enhance use of Web-based tools and fitness technology for behavioral change, health management, and rehabilitation interventions for the self-management of work capacity and enhancement of health-related quality of life across the lifespan. This chapter concludes with recommendations for future development of tools for the assessment and improvement of working capacity.
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Archer, Trevor, and Anders Fredriksson. "Physical Exercise as Intervention in Parkinsonism." In Handbook of Neurotoxicity, 2255–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_105.

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Biddle, Stuart, and Nanette Mutrie. "Intervention Strategies: The Individual." In Psychology of Physical Activity and Exercise, 201–27. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1793-3_9.

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Biddle, Stuart, and Nanette Mutrie. "Intervention Strategies: Organisations and Institutions." In Psychology of Physical Activity and Exercise, 229–59. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1793-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Physical exercise interventions"

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Alotaibi, Tareq, Mark Orme, Claire Nolan, Tom Ward, Emma Chaplin, Elizabeth Horton, Theresa Harvey-Dunstan, William Man, David Stensel, and Sally Singh. "Profiling changes in physical activity and exercise capacity following lifestyle interventions in COPD." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa3418.

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Papamakarios, Georgios, Dimitris Giakoumis, Manolis Vasileiadis, Konstantinos Votis, Sofia Segkouli, Dimitrios Tzovaras, and Charalampos Karagiannidis. "A Tool to Monitor and Support Physical Exercise Interventions for MCI and AD Patients." In 8th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. ICST, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2014.255345.

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Chumacero-Polanco, Erik A., and James Yang. "Fall Prevention Therapies for Individuals With Stroke: A Survey." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67456.

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Stroke basically consists in brain-cells death due to lack or excess of blood. Stroke has many important consequences and falls are one of the most concerning. Falls can produce several injures from minor lacerations to fractures and death. It has been found that balance and gait impairments after stroke are important risk factors for fall. Hence, improving balance and gait ability in stroke survivors can significantly reduce falls rate. In this literature review, we review the main characteristic and the therapeutic results of different therapeutic interventions aimed at improving balance and walking ability. The main therapeutic interventions included are the Bobath therapy, exercise-based interventions, orthotic and assistive devices, modality treatments, alternative therapies, robotic-assisted training, and computational-based interventions. The parameters considered as evidence of balance and/or gait recovery after a specific intervention are: walking speed (WS), cadence, endurance, stride/step length, weight/walking symmetry, and sway. Our main findings are: 1) The wide use of the Bobath concept is not well supported by evidence due to its performance has been found to be inferior to some exercises-based interventions such as walking training; 2) exercises-based interventions were classified as strength and task-specific training. The former improves muscular and bone health, aerobic capability, and prepares the patient to perform a more demanding activity. The latter is designed as a repetitive training of a functional activity, mainly walking, and sit to stand exercises, which improve both gait and balance. Orthotic and assistive devices have effects on balance and gait but only while they are worn or used; 3) robotic assisted walking-training presented similar results to overground or treadmill walking training in terms of walking speed and balance recovery. However, the most important advantage lies on the reduction of burden for therapists; 4) thee most important use of motion analysis is as a tool for identify the causes deficits in a patient and the to design a therapy in accordance; 5) motion synthesis can be used as a tool to answer very specific questions related to capabilities/limitations of a patient. For instance, “what would be the effect of increasing hip-torque capability of a stroke survivor on the walking-symmetry?” The answer to this question would either help to design an exercise/intervention or to discard such intervention due to low impact; 6) some treatments are added to a main therapy to increase its effect on a given parameter. Functional electrical stimulation, which is added to cycling training to improve motion patterns. Biofeedback is used during balance training to reduce weight-asymmetry. And virtual reality and video games are used to increase motivation and permanence of patient on a therapy; 7) we found some alternative or no widely used therapies. Among the most promising we can mention Tai-Chi exercises, which integrates physical and mental activities to improve balance and gait and rhythmic auditory stimulation that improves WS and weight-symmetry; and 8) orthotics devices help to reduce falls by extending the base of support but the effect appears only while they are worn. In general, there is not an ultimate therapy able to fit to every patient. The choice should depend on patient’s goals and conditions. Moreover, falls can not be eliminated but they can be substantially reduced by improving balance and gait.
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Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa María, Juan Antonio Corral-Pernía, Carolina Castañeda-Vázquez, and Jesús del Pozo-Cruz. "Autonomous physical activity based program versus aerobic exercise based interventions to improve health and cardiovascular status in sedentary overweight adults: A review." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2018 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.13.proc2.14.

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Pedrosa, Yago Ricardo, and Jossielly Rodrigues Pinheiro. "Comparison of Early Interventions in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease in Patients with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.429.

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Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality with an incidence of 1:700 live births. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects almost all of these individuals from the age of 30, whose susceptibility is on the rise with increasing life expectancy. However, interventions can limit or improve cognitive decline. Objectives: To compare early interventions in the prevention of AD in patients with DS. Methods: Randomized Controlled Trial published in English, in the last 5 years, in humans, at PUBMED. Were included studies involving participants over 18 years old, diagnosed with DS and those with unclear interventions were excluded. Six articles were found and after applying the criteria, two studies were part of this review. The PRISMA scale was used. Results: Ptomey et al. (2018) intervened with online exercise, selecting 27 participants divided into two groups: A) one session/week; B) two sessions/ week. After 12 weeks it was observed that group B showed improvement in learning compared to group A. Sano et al. (2016) performed an intervention with Vitamin E (VE) for three years in 337 individuals, segregated in: A) 1,000 IU, orally, twice/day; B) placebo. There was no significant difference in the progression of cognitive, functional, behavioral and clinical deterioration between the groups. Conclusions: The practice of physical exercise proved to be promising in the prevention of AD, however the use of VE did not show significant results. Further studies on the subject are needed.
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Dimitrova, Evgeniya, and Faton Daci. "COMPARISON OF TWO PHYSIOTHERAPY METHODS IN PATIENTS WITH SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/150.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Shoulder impingement syndrome is the most common diagnosis of shoulder dysfunction. Physical therapy has been found to be effective in reducing pain and disability in these patients. Methodology: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two physical therapy interventions in the treatment of primary shoulder impingement syndrome: 1) supervised exercise only, and 2) supervised exercise with manual therapy techniques. Thirty-six subjects diagnosed with primary shoulder impingement were randomly assigned to one of these two groups. Physiotherapy protocol involved twelve treatment sessions over a 6-weeks period. Participants in the exercise-only group performed exercises focusing on strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizing musculature, stretching to decrease capsular tightness, and patient education on proper posture. Participants in the exercise with the manual therapy group received the standard exercise protocol with the addition of joint mobilization and manual muscle techniques. Main outcome measures included 24-hour pain (Visual Analogue Scale – VAS), shoulder active range of motion (AROM), and shoulder function (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index – SPADI). Results: The statistical analyses were carried out using an SPSS package. Repeated-measures analyses indicated significant decreases in pain, improved function, and increases in AROM. Univariate analyses on the change from pre- to post-treatment for each dependent variable found statistically significant differences (α ≤ .05) between the two groups. The Manual therapy group had a higher level of change from pre- to post-treatment on pain measures (VAS), SPADI, and AROM, in comparison with the Exercise therapy group. Conclusions: This study suggests that performing manual therapy techniques in combination with a supervised exercise program may result in a greater decrease in pain and improved function although studies with larger samples are needed.
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Pedret, K., and L. H. Shu. "Informing Design Defixation Using Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98277.

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Abstract Design fixation has been extensively studied in the context of engineering design, leading to several interventions to reduce its negative effects. The concept of mental fixation has roots in diverse psychological contexts from Freudian psychoanalysis to Gestaltism and eating disorders. Although the underlying concepts are similar, the phenomenon has different names, including mental set, rumination, functional fixedness, obsession, etc. Mental fixation in its various forms is always a barrier to problem solving, whether the problem is a psychological disorder or an engineering-design task. The present paper explores the applicability to design fixation of cognitive therapy, a form of psychotherapy that relies on questioning to identify and modify inaccurate perceptions. Originally developed to treat depression, it is now used to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. Specific interventions used in cognitive therapy are described in detail towards developing new means of overcoming design fixation. These interventions include cognitive restructuring and exposure response prevention. Also explored are links to other research results from psychology and cognitive science, including focused distraction, and the effects of music and physical exercise. In addition to developing new interventions, existing design-fixation interventions can also be supplemented using insights from these research results.
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A Concept, Life-Style:. "Tailoring Motivational Mechanisms to Engage Teenagers in Healthy." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100499.

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Overweight and obesity are the first leading risk related to nutrition for global deaths, in the last few years it outranked the famine. Obesity increases the risk of several debilitating, and deadly diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. Due to the many health risks associated with obesity, the financial burden that the treatment of this disease exercises on the European healthcare system is enormous. For this reason, the best strategy relies in prevention. In particular, the pervasiveness of technology can leverage an important advantage for the promotion of healthy behaviors in the new generations. This paper introduces PEGASO, a technological multidisciplinary project funded by the European Commission that aims at creating an ecosystem that can enable teenagers to adopt healthy habits leading to a healthy life-style. The ICT system plays an important role in the PEGASO ecosystem. This behavior change support system integrates a Virtual Individual Model that allows characterizing the physiological status, physical condition and the psychological status for each user. This allows the elaboration of tailored interventions aiming at promoting the adoption of healthy habits by the users. This paper describes this concept introducing the Virtual Individual Model and discusses the possible interventions related to the promotion of physical exercise and of healthy dietary habits. At the end of the paper, some indications about the future development of the PEGASO project are provided.
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Lara, Édipo Giovani França, Selene Elifio Esposito, and José Claudio Casali da Rocha. "IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AND BODY COMPOSITION OF WOMEN AFTER BREAST CANCER TREATMENT." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2013.

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Introduction: Much has been discussed about benefits of physical exercise in women who have ended breast cancer treatment, which includes not only the improvement of their quality of life but also a remarkable decreased risk of recurrence. To achieve these benefits, it is important that the parameters for prescribing and monitoring physical activity for this population are well defined, as well as the evaluation of factors that may interfere with the results and the adherence to physical exercises. Objectives: To assess the impact of physical exercise on physical fitness and body composition in women who have ended breast cancer curative treatment and to evaluate the impact of physical exercise on women with binge eating disorder. Methods: This prospective study included 107 women between 18 and 60 years of age shortly after the end of their curative treatment for breast cancer (surgery and/or chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy). The participants, after signing the informed consent form, were motivated to do aerobic exercises, localized muscular strength/resistance, and flexibility exercises. Intervention consisted of sets of physical exercises prescribed to all participants by a physical educator in progressive intensities and volumes over the months, according to their adaptive responses, considering individual capabilities and limitations. All participants were evaluated at entrance for cardiovascular morbidities and oriented how to exercise by their own at their homes. Evaluations including body composition, VO2max, and localized muscle resistance were performed at pre-intervention (basal), after 6 and 9 months of intervention. Results: A total of 78 (72.8%) women adhered to the training program, and 29 (27.2%) chose not to adhere. After 9 months of regular and individualized intervention, adherent women showed significantly better results in all variables of body composition and physical fitness: body mass (-4.38±3.67 kg; p0.05), as well as it was not influenced by breast cancer characteristics (e.g., histology, stage, and molecular subtypes) or treatment (i.e., mastectomy, axillary surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy; p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that individualized programs of self-training sets of physical exercises, remotely guided by a physical education professional, could improve the body composition and physical fitness of women in surveillance after breast cancer, regardless of the history of breast cancer or treatment, showing that it is possible to reduce risk factors associated with breast cancer recurrence and to contribute to a better quality of life for these women.
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Zuschnegg, Julia, Sandra Schuessler, Lucas Paletta, Silvia Russegger, Maria Fellner, Karin Ploder, Bernhard Strobl, et al. "Usability Evaluation after a 6-month Tablet-based Dementia Training Program by People with Alzheimer’s Disease, Relatives, and Dementia Trainers." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001844.

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Non-pharmacological interventions, like tablet-based cognitive trainings, already present an important alternative treatment of dementia. For tablet-based cognitive trainings to be effective, regular practice seems to be required, highlighting the need for such trainings to be applicable not only in well-prepared laboratory settings, but also for continuous use at home. In order to raise the acceptance as well as the user-friendliness of such trainings to consequently increase training intensity, usability research is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences of people with Alzheimer’s disease (PwAD), relatives, and dementia trainers regarding the usability of a tablet-based dementia training practiced in the home setting.A qualitative study was performed within the ongoing randomized controlled trial of the project multimodAAL. In total 15 individual interviews (each 5 per target group) were conducted with people with mild AD, their relatives and dementia trainers, who were already assigned to the intervention group for at least 6 months, practicing a dementia training program, including physical and cognitive exercises on a tablet-PC at home. The interviews lasted 91.9 minutes on average. A qualitative content analysis was performed to analyze the data.Participants were predominantly female (73.3 %). PwAD and relatives stated that they had no previous experience with this type of computer-based cognitive training and had experienced the training as positive and enriching. Some relatives saw the joint performance as a meaningful activity with their loved ones. Participants confirmed that the different types of physical exercises (e.g., coordination, strength), presented in a video format were well feasible for PwAD. In this regard, some PwAD reported feeling a bit unchallenged. Relatives and dementia trainers recommended for the exercise videos to be more motivating and fun (e.g., direct motivational address by the gymnast in the video like in a tv show, colorful sportswear). Regarding cognitive exercises, participants appreciated the variety (e.g., quiz, puzzle, calculating) as well as the sequence of the different exercises within a training session. Dementia trainers and relatives perceived that exercises related to topics about past/biography (e.g., previous occupation, hobbies) and to religious/seasonal traditions (e.g., Christmas) were particularly appreciated among PwAD. In view of beneficial factors to complete a training session with its physical and cognitive exercises successfully, relatives and dementia trainers underlined that PwAD needed support in terms of (technical) guidance, motivation/feedback/praise, as well as hints/tips/thought-provoking impulses. Dementia trainers and relatives suggested that this could be achieved by a supporting person (e.g., dementia trainer) or an expansion of the program by written and verbal support (e.g., hint button, voice assistant). Furthermore, participants emphasized the need of a tablet pen for comfortable handling, as well as a high sensitivity of the tablet-PC's touch screen.The results show that the already applied tablet-based dementia training is well received and accepted by participants. However, there is still potential for enhancement regarding motivational and feedback strategies as well as user-friendliness by the addition of a comprehensive application for guiding through the physical and cognitive exercises to enable more independent practice sessions.
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Reports on the topic "Physical exercise interventions"

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Li, Yinhua, Wanting Lan, and Xiaohui Hou. The effectiveness of physical activities on children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0034.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of different physical activity interventions and to determine which physical activity interventions are most effective for children with autism spectrum disorder. Condition being studied: Autism is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, characterized by early-onset difficulties in social communication and unusually restricted, repetitive behavior and interests. Autism affects more male than female individuals, and comorbidity is common (>70% have concurrent conditions). Exercise has increasingly emerged as one of the promising compensation methods that can positively affect autistic symptoms. The positive effects of various physical activity interventions have been reported, but it is unclear which interventions are most effective at improving symptoms of autism.
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Joaquim, Ana, Inês Leão, Pedro Antunes, Andreia Capela, Sofia Viamonte, Alberto Alves, Luísa Helguero, and Ana Macedo. Impact of physical exercise programs in breast cancer survivors on health-related quality of life, physical fitness, and body composition: evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0053.

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Review question / Objective: In breast cancer survivors, what is the effect of physical exercise interventions compared to control on health-related quality of life, physical fitness, and body composition? Condition being studied: Breast cancer. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria: full-length articles in English with clinical observations of humans, with a clearly defined clinical question, details of inclusion and exclusion criteria, details of searched databases and relevant search strategies, and a summary of results, per group, for at least one of the desired outcomes.
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Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Erik Ensrud, Diane Elliot, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.

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Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.
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ji, yuqin, hao tian, qiang ye, zhuoyan ye, and zeyu zheng. Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0013.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available randomized controlled trial studies concerning the effects of exercise interventions on fundamental motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Condition being studied: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complicated and highly prevalent neuro-developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. The CDC reported that the prevalence of ASD was estimated to be 1 in 59 in the United States by 2020. Along with typical symptoms, a couple of studies have indicated that individuals with ASD encounter a variety of challenges, including sleep disturbance, obesity, executive function deficits, physical inactivity, and motor dysfunctions. Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are the unnaturally occurring basic motor learning model of the human body, which are the building blocks for advanced specialized motor skills and for children and adolescents to participate in sports, games, or other context-specific physical activity.FMS falls into three different categories: (a) locomotor skills (e.g., running and hopping), (b) object control skills (e.g., catching and throwing), and balance or stability skills (e.g., balancing and twisting).
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Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay, Camila González-Mondaca, Vinka Marinkovic-Riffo, Marietta Ortiz-Puebla, Fernanda Paillán-Reyes, and Pamela Seron. Considerations for ensuring safety during telerehabilitation of people with stroke. A protocol for a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0104.

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Review question / Objective: To summarise measures or aspects targeted at reducing the incidence of adverse events during the delivery of exercise interventions through telerehabilitation in patients after stroke. Background: The sequelae in people with stroke are diverse. Regarding physical function post-stroke, functional impairment of the upper and lower extremities is common, which may be due to weakness or paralysis, sensory loss, spasticity, and abnormal motor synergies. In addition, a near 15% prevalence of sarcopenia has been found in people with stroke. Gait impairment has been observed in a high percentage of people with stroke, a dysfunction that may persist despite rehabilitation. More than 50% of people with stroke may experience limitations in activities such as shopping, housework, and difficulty reintegrating into community life within 6 months. These restrictions can result in a diminished health-related quality of life.
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Wang, Xiang, Zhidong Cai, Wanting Jiang, Yanyan Fang, Wenxin Sun, and Xing Wang. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the intervention effects of physical exercise on adolescent depression. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0013.

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Evenson, Kelly R., Ty A. Ridenour, Jacqueline Bagwell, and Robert D. Furberg. Sustaining Physical Activity Following Cardiac Rehabilitation Discharge. RTI Press, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0043.2102.

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Because many patients reduce exercise following outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR), we developed an intervention to assist with the transition and evaluated its feasibility and preliminary efficacy using a one-group pretest–posttest design. Five CR patients were enrolled ~1 month prior to CR discharge and provided an activity tracker. Each week during CR they received a summary of their physical activity and steps. Following CR discharge, participants received an individualized report that included their physical activity and step history, information on specific features of the activity tracker, and encouraging messages from former CR patients for each of the next 6 weeks. Mixed model trajectory analyses were used to test the intervention effect separately for active minutes and steps modeling three study phases: pre-intervention (day activity tracking began to CR discharge), intervention (day following CR discharge to day when final report sent), and maintenance (day following the final report to ~1 month later). Activity tracking was successfully deployed and, with weekly reports following CR, may offset the usual decline in physical activity. When weekly reports ceased, a decline in steps/day occurred. A scaled-up intervention with a more rigorous study design with sufficient sample size can evaluate this approach further.
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Jacinto, Miguel, Anabela Pereira dos Santos de Vitorino, Rui Matos, Diogo Mendes, and Teresa Bento. Effects of a physical exercise program on the quality of life in individuals with intellectual disability: systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0025.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of the present study is, through the methodology of systematic review, to identify the benefits in QoL, starting from a PE program in individuals with ID and relate them to the model of Schalock et al. (2002). Condition being studied: In individuals with ID, characterized by a deficit of intellectual and adaptive functioning in the conceptual, social and practical domains, identified with mild, moderate, severe and profound degrees and develops before 18 or 22 years old (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Schalock et al., 2010; 2021), measuring QoL allows: i) to understand their degree of satisfaction; ii) understand personal perceptions; iii) support decision-making; iv) evaluate the intervention; v) evaluate theoretical models. This measurement allows us to direct the individual to the life he likes and values (Schalock & Verdugo, 2002). Thus, the objective of the present study is, through the methodology of systematic review, to identify the benefits in QoL, starting from a PE program in individuals with ID and relate them to the model of Schalock et al. (2002).
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Siercke, Maj, Sanne Pagh Moller, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Henrik Sillesen, and Dorthe Overgaard. Improving Rehabilitation for Patients with Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Mixed-Methods Evaluation (The CIPIC Rehab Study). Science Repository, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jicoa.2021.04.01.sup.

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Aim: This study aimed to explore how qualitative data about rehabilitation for patients with intermittent claudication do provide an enhanced understanding of the quantitative experimental results. Background: The study was a randomized clinical trial comparing a rehabilitation intervention with usual care. A statistically significant difference between rehabilitation and usual care was found in walking distance, physical activity, quality of life and diet. The findings from the quantitative and qualitative analyses were analysed separately on their own tradition. In this study, mixed methods address whether the qualitative results could help explain the quantitative results and bring forward additional information. Design: Complex mixed-method intervention design with a convergent questionnaire variant. Methods: From April 2017- May 2019, patients diagnosed with intermittent claudication were included in a randomized clinical trial (N=118). In addition, qualitative interview informants from the intervention group were sampled from the quantitative study population for a survey (N=43) and focus group interviews (N=10). Interviews were conducted from April 2018-August 2019. Results: Integrated analyses identified how improvement in walking distance, physical activity, diet and quality of life was affected by team spirit, pedometer, education and fun exercise in a local setting. Quantitative and qualitative findings primarily confirmed and expanded each other; however, two discordant results were also evident. Conclusion: Our study adds empirical evidence regarding how a mixed-methods study can be used to obtain a more nuanced understanding of complex healthcare problems. The study provides new knowledge concerning how to set up a rehabilitation programme for patients with intermittent claudication.
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