Journal articles on the topic 'Physical environment in aged care'
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Moore, Kirsten J., Keith D. Hill, Andrew L. Robinson, Terry P. Haines, Betty Haralambous, and Jennifer C. Nitz. "The state of physical environments in Australian residential aged care facilities." Australian Health Review 35, no. 4 (2011): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10932.
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Objective. This paper examines the quality and safety of the physical environment in Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Design. Cross-sectional study. One assessor completed environmental audits to identify areas of the physical environment that needed to be addressed to improve the wellbeing and safety of residents. Setting. Nine RACFs participating in a broader falls prevention project were audited. RACFs were located in Queensland, Tasmania or Victoria and were chosen by convenience to represent high level, low level, dementia and psychogeriatric care, regional and metropolitan facilities, small and large facilities and a culturally specific facility. Main outcome measure. An environmental audit tool was adapted from a tool designed to foster older person friendly hospital environments. The tool consisted of 147 items. Results. Across all sites 450 items (34%) required action. This ranged from 21 to 44% across sites. The audit domains most commonly requiring action included signage, visual perception and lighting, and outdoor areas. Conclusions. Although not representative of all residential facilities in Australia, this audit process has identified common environmental problems across a diverse mix of residential care facilities. Results highlight the need for further investigation into the quality of physical environments, and interventions to improve physical environments in Australian RACFs. What is known about the topic? Despite the importance of the physical environment on the health, wellbeing and safety of older people in residential aged care facilities, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the physical environment in facilities in Australia. What does this paper add? This paper provides findings from comprehensive audits of nine residential aged care facilities representing a broad range of facility settings in terms of location, level and type of care and target population. Findings indicate that each facility had at least 21% of items requiring action with an average of 34% of items requiring action across all facilities. What are the implications for practitioners? There is a need to undertake intermittent, thorough assessments of the physical environments in which residents live and, if applicable, implement strategies or modifications to improve the environment. Areas requiring particular consideration may be lighting, colour contrasts, signage and outdoor areas.
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Davis, Sandra, Sari Young, and Marita Chisholm. "Behaviors of concern, individualized care and physical environments in rural residential aged care." Alzheimer's & Dementia 6, no. 4 (July 2010): S316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1033.
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Knox, Jennifer. "Reducing physical restraint use in residential aged care." International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 5, no. 1 (March 2007): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01258363-200703000-00005.
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Tonge, Karen, Rachel A. Jones, and Anthony D. Okely. "Environmental Influences on Children’s Physical Activity in Early Childhood Education and Care." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0119.
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Background: To examine the relationship between attributes of early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings and children’s physical activity and sedentary behavior. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 490 children aged 2–5 years from 11 ECECs. The ECEC routine, size of the outdoor environment, and time spent in the outdoor environment were calculated for each center. Children’s physical activity and sedentary time were measured using accelerometers. Multivariate linear regressions were used to examine associations of the attributes of ECEC centers with the outcome variables, adjusting for the effects of center clustering and gender. Results: Children in ECECs that offered free routines (where children can move freely between indoor and outdoor environments) had lower levels of sedentary time (28.27 min/h vs 33.15 min/h; P = .001) and spent more time in total physical activity (7.99 min/h vs 6.57 min/h; P = .008) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (9.49 min/h vs 7.31 min/h; P = .008). Children in ECECs with an outdoor environment >400 m2 had less sedentary time (28.94 min/h vs 32.42 min/h; P = .012) than those with areas <400 m2. Conclusion: Modifiable practices such as offering a free routine and increasing time spent in outdoor environments could potentially offer an easy and sustainable way for ECEC centers to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary time among children.
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Tao, Yiqi, Stephen Lau, Zhonghua Gou, Jiayan Fu, Boya Jiang, and Xiaowei Chen. "Privacy and Well-Being in Aged Care Facilities with a Crowded Living Environment: Case Study of Hong Kong Care and Attention Homes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102157.
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This study aims to understand the relationship between bedroom privacy and well-being of the elderly in aged care facilities with a compact living situation. A majority of studies on this topic were carried out in a low-density population context. The crowded living situation might compromise the well-being of residents. This study proposed five architectural parameters to measure bedroom privacy in aged care facilities: total open surface per unit, openness/solid ratio per bed, height of partition wall, number of people per unit, and personal control over bedroom privacy. SF-12 v.2 Health Survey was used to collect information on physical and mental health status. The study surveyed nine Care & Attention homes and their 213 residents in Hong Kong. The total open surface per unit and the openness/solid ratio per bed were positively associated with the physical health of residents. The height of partition walls was associated negatively with their physical and mental health conditions, and the number of people per unit was negatively associated with their physical health. More than half of respondents preferred a single unit with high partition walls; however, 40% of respondents preferred low partition walls. The provision of privacy for the elderly should be balanced with their needs for social interactions; total open surface per unit, openness/solid ratio per bed and height of partition wall should be taken into consideration. The study provides evidence and design guidelines for improving privacy in aged care facilities with a compact living environment.
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Andrew, Alexa, and Lorraine Ritchie. "Culture Change in Aged-Care Facilities: A Café's Contribution to Transforming the Physical and Social Environment." Journal of Housing For the Elderly 31, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763893.2016.1268557.
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Souza, Jacqueline de, Jaqueline Lemos de Oliveira, Jordana Luiza Gouvêa de Oliveira, Letícia Yamawaka de Almeida, Loraine Vivian Gaino, and Denise Marie Saint-Arnault. "Promotion of women’s mental health: the influence of physical health and the environment." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, suppl 3 (December 2019): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0415.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the results of a group of women’s mental health promotion conducted by nurses. Method: This is a quantitative study of the pre- and post-test type. The participants were women aged between 20 and 64 years old attending a Primary Care Unit. We used the Sarason Social Support Questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment questionnaire, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data were collected before, immediately after and three months after the intervention. Results: improvement in the physical and environmental quality of life was identified. However, there was no measurable change in the other indicators adopted. Conclusion: the ludic activities and the Body Mapping technique were promising for improving the physical and environmental domain of quality of life, constituting important tools for nursing care and interventions related to mental health in basic care.
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Storli, Rune. "Children’s Rough-and-Tumble Play in a Supportive Early Childhood Education and Care Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 10469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910469.
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While a growing body of evidence highlights the benefits of rough-and-tumble play (R&T) in young children, it remains one of the most challenging kinds of play to support in early childhood education and care environment (ECEC) institutions. The present study explores the occurrence and characteristics of R&T in indoor and outdoor environments in a Norwegian sociocultural context where children can freely choose what, where, and with whom to play. The data consist of 100 randomly recorded two-minute videos, which were coded second by second for R&T. Qualitative analysis reveals that in a physically and culturally supportive environment for R&T, children aged 3–5 years perceive indoor spaces that afford physically active play to be more attractive for R&T than outdoor environments. The findings indicate gender differences related to R&T and how girls and boys use the physical environment in different ways. The quantitative findings are discussed within interactional affordances theory and show that children practise perceptual, motor, and social skills to successfully engage in R&T. Enhanced knowledge of children’s skill acquisition in R&T can support practitioners in developing pedagogical skills to facilitate challenging and safe environments for appropriate indoor R&T for both girls and boys.
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Rapelje, Douglas H. "Psychogeriatric Care: Problems and Challenges." Healthcare Management Forum 1, no. 3 (October 1988): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61334-8.
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From the aspect of homes for the aged, understanding the needs of the elderly mentally frail is the initial step to providing more suitable conditions. Many of the traditional features of these long-term care facilities need to be questioned and challenged. Care does not stop at the physical environment, indeed it goes even beyond establishing excellent relationships with the families involved and a caring, well-trained staff. Stress is needed on emphasizing the resident's remaining capacities and skills, not on behavioural problems.
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Hesketh, Kathryn R., Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon, and Esther M. F. van Sluijs. "How does the UK childcare energy-balance environment influence anthropometry of children aged 3–4 years? A cross-sectional exploration." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e021520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021520.
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ObjectivesTo assess the association between time spent in care, the childcare energy-balance environment, and preschool-aged children’s body mass index z-score (z-BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and sum of skinfold thickness (SST).DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsChildren aged 3–4 years were recruited from 30 childcare centres in Cambridgeshire (UK) in 2013.Main outcome measuresObjectively measured height and weight was used to calculate z-BMI; waist circumference and height were used to generate WHR; subscapular and tricep skinfolds were used to calculate SST. Associations between childcare attendance, the nutrition, physical activity, and overall childcare environment, and three anthropometric outcomes were explored using two-level hierarchical regression models, adjusting for demographic and family based confounders.ResultsValid data were available for 196 children (49% female). Time spent in care, the nutrition, physical activity and overall childcare environment were not associated with children’s z-BMI, WHR and SST.ConclusionsChildcare environment and level of attendance were not associated with UK preschool-aged children’s anthropometry. The childcare environment has been central to intervention efforts to prevent/reduce early childhood obesity, yet other factors, including child-level, family level, wider environmental and policy-level factors warrant substantial attention when considering obesity prevention strategies for young children.
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Hibbert, Peter D., Louise K. Wiles, Ian D. Cameron, Alison Kitson, Richard L. Reed, Andrew Georgiou, Len Gray, et al. "CareTrack Aged: the appropriateness of care delivered to Australians living in residential aged care facilities: a study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e030988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030988.
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IntroductionThe aged population is increasing rapidly across the world and this is expected to continue. People living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) represent amongst the sickest and frailest cohort of the aged population, with a high prevalence of chronic conditions and complex comorbidities. Given the vulnerability of RACF residents and the demands on the system, there is a need to determine the extent that care is delivered in line with best practice (‘appropriate care’) in RACFs. There is also a recognition that systems should provide care that optimises quality of life (QoL), which includes support for physical and psychological well-being, independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and a caring external environment. The aims ofCareTrack Agedare to develop sets of indicators for appropriate care and processes of care for commonly managed conditions, and then assess the appropriateness of care delivered and QoL of residents in RACFs in Australia.Methods and analysisWe will extract recommendations from clinical practice guidelines and, using expert review, convert these into sets of indicators for 15 common conditions and processes of care for people living in RACFs. We will recruit RACFs in three Australian states, and residents within these RACFs, using a stratified multistage sampling method. Experienced nurses, trained in theCareTrack Agedmethods (‘surveyors’), will review care records of recruited residents within a 1-month period in 2019 and 2020, and assess the care documented against the indicators of appropriate care. Surveyors will concurrently assess residents’ QoL using validated questionnaires.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Macquarie University (5201800386). The research findings will be published in international and national journals and disseminated through conferences and presentations to interested stakeholder groups, including consumers, national agencies, healthcare professionals, policymakers and researchers.
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Darcy, Lynette. "Reducing and/or minimising physical restraint in a high care, rural aged care facility." International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 5, no. 4 (December 6, 2007): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-6988.2007.00083.x.
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Darcy, Lynette. "Reducing and/or minimising physical restraint in a high care, rural aged care facility." International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 5, no. 4 (December 2007): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01258363-200712000-00007.
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Durvasula, Seeta, Rebecca S. Mason, Cindy Kok, Monique Macara, Trevor R. Parmenter, and Ian D. Cameron. "Outdoor areas of Australian residential aged care facilities do not facilitate appropriate sun exposure." Australian Health Review 39, no. 4 (2015): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14035.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to assess whether the outdoor areas of residential aged care facilities used for a sunlight intervention trial had the design features that encouraged participants’ use of these spaces. Methods The design principles recommended in the ‘Vitamin D and the Built Environment in Victoria’ guidelines were used to assess the outdoor spaces of residential aged care facilities that were used in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of sunlight exposure. Attendance rates in the sunlight RCT were analysed in relation to global impression scores of the facilities using one-way analysis of variance. Results Thirty-six outdoor areas of 31 facilities were assessed. The facilities met the guidelines for sun exposure, and were generally safe and accessible. However, many lacked privacy, security and aesthetic appeal. Most of the outdoor spaces were not used for regularly scheduled activities. Attendance rates were higher in those facilities with the highest global impression scores compared with those with the lowest scores (F(2,367) = 3.262, P = 0.039). Conclusions The physical environment of the outdoor areas of residential aged care facilities was associated with their use for sunlight exposure. Suitably designed or modified spaces have the potential to encourage their greater use, and residential aged care facilities should also plan regular activities in those areas. These measures can facilitate safe sun exposure, as well as physical activity and social interaction in older people. What is known about the topic? Older people living in aged care facilities have inadequate outdoor sun exposure and vitamin D deficiency. The outdoor spaces of aged care facilities are not well used by residents. Design features that encourage greater use of outdoor spaces have been identified. What does this paper add? Participation rates in a trial of outdoor sun exposure in residents of aged care facilities were found to be higher in those facilities with better design features in their outdoor spaces. Most facilities do not schedule their regular activities outdoors. What are the implications for practitioners? Suitable design or modification of outdoor spaces of residential aged care facilities can encourage their greater use. Regular scheduling of leisure and social activities can further promote their utilisation.
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Foster, Michele, Cheryl Tilse, and Jennifer Fleming. "Pressure to Progress: Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Slow Recovery in the Current Health Care Environment." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 8, no. 1 (January 2002): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200000661.
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This paper discusses issues arising from a study of referral from acute care following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Queensland, in which aged care facilities were relied upon for the discharge of those with slow recovery after severe TBI. The discussion considers: (1) recovery following severe TBI; (2) the current policy context; (3) approaches to care beyond acute care; and (4) implications for policy and practice. In the current health care environment, with increasing pressure on scarce resources, it is critical that practitioners advocate for the dignity and care of people who sustain severe TBI and who are slow to recover.
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Takayama, Midori, Yoshiko Ishioka, and Ikuko Sugawara. "Physical and Social Neighborhood Environments and Well-Being." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1421.
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Abstract Existing research has found effects of neighborhood environment on well-being. However, it is still not clear what features of neighborhood environments affect well-being for older adults and whether the impact of the environment varies depending on the health and economic conditions. In this study, we examined the relations between 4 physical and social neighborhood-context factors, that is, the availability of neighborhood physical resources (e.g. community centers and libraries), the walkability and accessibility, the availability of social resources (e.g. culture and recreation programs, and social care services), and the social inclusion (e.g. participation in decision making, and positive social attitude toward older adults), and individual-level well-being. Moreover, we examined the health and economic disparities of effect of neighborhood environments on well-being. We used data from locally representative longitudinal study of older Japanese aged 74 to 86 (N = 1388). Results from multi-level linear regression showed that after controlling individual variables having inhibitory/facilitatory effects of well-being, the availability of physical resources was associated with higher well-being score. Especially among older adults who had financial strains, the availability of physical environment had a positive effect on well-being more strongly. For older adults who had better physical functions, accessibility and walkability were associated with higher well-being score. The social inclusiveness was associated with higher well-being score among those who had no financial strain. These important findings demonstrate the need for more research exploring the underlying mechanisms. The potential benefits of this approach provide a basis for developing models of maintaining well-being for older adults.
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Doležalová, Jitka, Valérie Tóthová, and Jan Neugebauer. "Subjective Assessments of the Disease Seriousness in the Population Aged 60+." Magyar Gerontológia 13 (December 29, 2021): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47225/mg/13/kulonszam/10573.
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The population aged 60+ constitute a considerable part of patients needing nursing care. A subjective assessment represents an important aspect that needs to be respected in nursing care and included in the care provided.The goal of the paper is to draw attention to the importance of a subjective assessment in the population aged 60+.
Method:The study was performed in the South Bohemian Region. The study was quantitative and this part was carried out using a non-standardized questionnaire. The questions were particularly focused on the assessment of the social situation, health and everyday activities. The study was focused on the population aged 60+; it included the total number of 498 respondents.
Results:Motor diseases, followed by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, were perceived as the most serious. Motor and malignant diseases had the highest influence on performing everyday activities. On the other hand, these activities were least influenced by cardiovascular diseases. The worst assessment for the physical and psychological state was awarded by respondents with cancer, which was also reflected in low satisfaction. Respondents with cardiovascular or metabolic diseases perceived their physical and psychological health best. However, from the point of view of the assessment, it needs to be mentioned in which environment the respondents lived. E.g., respondents with cardiovascular diseases mostly stayed at the home setting, which could influence their assessment and their satisfaction with the state of health. Respondents with malignant diseases spent more time at hospitals or nursing homes, which can influence the assessment of their state of health.The results show that the patient subjective views of their own disease and associated issues need to be included both in the nursing care and in the comprehensive multidisciplinary care. This sensitive information cannot be obtained from any objective assessments performed in nursing care.
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Lum, Melanie, Luke Wolfenden, Jannah Jones, Alice Grady, Hayley Christian, Kathryn Reilly, and Sze Lin Yoong. "Interventions to Improve Child Physical Activity in the Early Childhood Education and Care Setting: An Umbrella Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041963.
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Early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are a key setting to support improvements in the physical activity of young children. This umbrella review gathered and synthesised systematic review evidence of the effectiveness of interventions in the ECEC setting on the physical activity levels of children aged 0–6. We also mapped the current evidence to the existing ECEC sector-specific physical activity practice recommendations. Five electronic databases were searched to identify systematic reviews that evaluated the impact of any ECEC-based interventions on the physical activity levels (e.g., moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, total physical activity) of children aged 0–6. One reviewer extracted data on intervention effectiveness and quality of the reviews, checked by a second reviewer. Ten reviews were included. Overall, the majority of the reviews found interventions delivered in ECEC improved child physical activity. Across reviews, the impact of six intervention strategies were identified, mapped to four (of eight) broad recommendations (i.e., providing opportunity, offering educator training, educators promoting the benefits of physical activity, creating a physical activity-promoting environment). The impact of the majority of recommendations, however, did not have systematic review evidence. Further investigation of the effectiveness of ECEC-based physical activity strategies is required to demonstrate support for the existing recommended practices.
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Yoong, Sze Lin, Melanie Lum, Jannah Jones, Erin Kerr, Maryann Falkiner, Tessa Delaney, Sam McCrabb, Li Kheng Chai, Kirsty Seward, and Alice Grady. "A systematic review of interventions to improve the dietary intake, physical activity and weight status of children attending family day care services." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 12 (May 8, 2020): 2211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019005275.
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AbstractObjective:To (i) identify and synthesise findings from interventions to improve the dietary intake, physical activity and weight status of children aged 0–6 years attending family day care services; and (ii) assess the impact of interventions on family day care environments, intervention cost and adverse outcomes.Design:Medline in Process, PsycINFO, ERIC, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Scopus databases were searched in March 2019. Studies were included if they (i) evaluated an intervention to improve the diet, physical activity and/or weight of children aged 0–6 years; (ii) were delivered in family day care services; (iii) targeted child diet, physical activity and/or weight; and (iv) used a parallel control group design. Screening was undertaken by two reviewers with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer.Setting:Family day care services, also known as family childcare homes.Participants:Children aged 0–6 years attending family day care services.Results:In total, 8977 titles were retrieved, and 199 full-texts reviewed. No studies met the inclusion criteria for the primary outcome; however, two studies reporting on the secondary outcome of family day care environments were included. The 4-year community-wide obesity prevention programme and the 12-month train-the-trainer programme both reported statistically significant improvements in the healthy eating and physical activity environments of family day care, compared to cross-sectional state-average control groups.Conclusions:Findings highlight few existing interventions in family day care services and a need for high-quality controlled trials to identify effective interventions to improve children’s diet, activity and weight in this setting.
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Mei, Wen-Bing, Che-Yu Hsu, and Sheng-Jung Ou. "Research on the Evaluation Index System of the Construction of Communities Suitable for Aging by the Fuzzy Delphi Method." Environments 7, no. 10 (October 18, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7100092.
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In order to cope with the rapidly aging society and the Chinese traditional idea of old-age care, community home-based care has become a major mode of care for the aged in China, and the construction of communities suitable for the aged has also become the focus of the whole society. In order to build an objective and scientific evaluation index system of communities suitable for aging, the hierarchical structure and relative important values of the indicators for the assessment were obtained through data text rooted coding and the fuzzy Delphi expert questionnaire survey. The results prove that: the evaluation index system of communities suitable for aging consists of 4 criteria (i.e., humanistic care, public environment, health care, and economic security), 14 sub-criteria, and 48 evaluation indexes. The important values of the four criteria are “health care” (7.35), “public environment” (7.18), “humanistic care” (6.92), and “economic security” (6.87). This shows that with the aging of the elderly and the decline of physical function, health care is the most important material basis for community home care, and is also the core criterion for the construction of communities suitable for aging. Of the 48 important values of the evaluation indexes, “setting up an emergency assistance system” (7.89), “ensuring the accessibility of roads” (7.79), and “handling related affairs” (7.60) ranked the highest. This shows that the protection of the physical and mental health of the elderly and the rights and interests of the elderly are the core values of the construction of communities suitable for aging. This study believes that through constructing an evaluation index system of the communities suitable for aging, the past general constructions suitable for aging according to the standard can be further clarified through the scientific procedure of the ‘community suitable for aging construction evaluation method’, and be a reference for the academic and practical fields.
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Siette, Joyce, Gilbert Thomas Knaggs, Yvonne Zurynski, Julie Ratcliffe, Laura Dodds, and Johanna Westbrook. "Systematic review of 29 self-report instruments for assessing quality of life in older adults receiving aged care services." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e050892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050892.
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BackgroundQuality of life (QoL) outcomes are used to monitor quality of care for older adults accessing aged care services, yet it remains unclear which QoL instruments best meet older adults’, providers’ and policymakers’ needs. This review aimed to (1) identify QoL instruments used in aged care and describe them in terms of QoL domains measured and logistical details; (2) summarise in which aged care settings the instruments have been used and (3) discuss factors to consider in deciding on the suitability of QoL instruments for use in aged care services.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and CINAHL from inception to 2021.Eligibility criteriaInstruments were included if they were designed for adults (>18 years), available in English, been applied in a peer-reviewed research study examining QoL outcomes in adults >65 years accessing aged care (including home/social care, residential/long-term care) and had reported psychometrics.Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers independently reviewed the measures and extracted the data. Data synthesis was performed via narrative review of eligible instruments.Results292 articles reporting on 29 QoL instruments were included. Eight domains of QoL were addressed: physical health, mental health, emotional state, social connection, environment, autonomy and overall QoL. The period between 1990 and 2000 produced the greatest number of newly developed instruments. The EuroQoL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and Short Form-series were used across multiple aged care contexts including home and residential care. More recent instruments (eg, ICEpop CAPability measure for Older people (ICECAP-O) and Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT)) tend to capture emotional sentiment towards personal circumstances and higher order care needs, in comparison with more established instruments (eg, EQ-5D) which are largely focused on health status.ConclusionsA comprehensive list of QoL instruments and their characteristics is provided to inform instrument choice for use in research or for care quality assurance in aged care settings, depending on needs and interests of users.
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Hales, Caz, Isaac Amankwaa, Lesley Gray, and Helen Rook. "Providing care for older adults with extreme obesity in aged residential care facilities: An environmental scan." Nursing Praxis Aotearoa New Zealand 36, no. 3 (November 2020): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36951/27034542.2020.012.
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Little is known about the level of service demand and preparedness of Aotearoa New Zealand’s aged residential care facilities to care for older adults with extreme obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the current state of bariatric (extreme obesity) services within aged residential care. An environmental scan was conducted to identify bariatric resident needs and gaps in service provision to inform the development of policy and service provision. Observational and interview data from three facilities in Aotearoa New Zealand was collected along with a retrospective review of national resident admissions over a three-year period. Poor environmental design that included infrastructure deficiencies and financial barriers impacted on the ability to deliver safe and equitable care for this population. Specifically, equipment procurement and safe staffing ratios were of concern to the sector. There is an increasing need for bariatric level support within aged care, necessitating more equipment and staff, adaptation of physical care environments, and enhanced funding. Significant investment is required to address care concerns of older adults with extreme obesity at government and organisational levels.
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Mehta, Vikram, Daniel Gooch, Arosha Bandara, Blaine Price, and Bashar Nuseibeh. "Privacy Care." ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 21, no. 1 (February 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3430506.
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The emergence of ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) environments has increased the risk of undesired access to individuals’ physical space or their information, anytime and anywhere, raising potentially serious privacy concerns. Individuals lack awareness and control of the vulnerabilities in everyday contexts and need support and care in regulating disclosures to their physical and digital selves. Existing GUI-based solutions, however, often feel physically interruptive, socially disruptive, time-consuming and cumbersome. To address such challenges, we investigate the user interaction experience and discuss the need for more tangible and embodied interactions for effective and seamless natural privacy management in everyday UbiComp settings. We propose the Privacy Care interaction framework, which is rooted in the literature of privacy management and tangible computing. Keeping users at the center, Awareness and Control are established as the core parts of our framework. This is supported with three interrelated interaction tenets: Direct, Ready-to-Hand, and Contextual . Direct refers to intuitiveness through metaphor usage. Ready-to-Hand supports granularity, non-intrusiveness, and ad hoc management, through periphery-to-center style attention transitions. Contextual supports customization through modularity and configurability. Together, they aim to provide experience of an embodied privacy care with varied interactions that are calming and yet actively empowering. The framework provides designers of such care with a basis to refer to, to generate effective tangible tools for privacy management in everyday settings. Through five semi-structured focus groups, we explore the privacy challenges faced by a sample set of 15 older adults (aged 60+) across their cyber-physical-social spaces. The results show conformity to our framework, demonstrating the relevance of the facets of the framework to the design of privacy management tools in everyday UbiComp contexts.
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Pham, Ngoc Cindy, Huan Henry Pham, Tofazzal Hossain, and Yuanqing Li. "Servicescapes in Healthcare: A qualitative study on the elderly’s perception of an aged care facility." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 15, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v15i1.309.
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Objective: The paper aims to understand how the elderly perceive the healthcare services of their aged care facilities. This paper explores different dimensions of servicescape elements, which ultimately affect the development of healthcare services.
Design: Both naturalistic observations and in-depth interviews were conducted to discover the perceptions servicesape elements.
Results: The authors discovered that servicescape elements rely not only on physical, social and socially symbolic dimensions but also on cultural dimensions.
Conclusions: This study uses the elderly home context in City of Harlingen, Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA, and finds support to Rosenbaum and Massiah [1]’s multidimensional model and suggests improvements in servicescape elements. We found that factors such as ambience, signage, layout, and socially symbolic structure at the aged care facility, were highly appreciated by the elder residents. Other factors such as privacy, quiet environment, and social interactions among patients via group activities require improvements and further attention. Findings of the study can be generalized in other similar social contexts, particularly in improving Asia Pacific region’s healthcare services.
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Gustafsson, Klas, Staffan Marklund, Gunnar Aronsson, and Constanze Leineweber. "Physical work environment factors affecting risk for disability pension due to mental or musculoskeletal diagnoses among nursing professionals, care assistants and other occupations: a prospective, population-based cohort study." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e026491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026491.
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ObjectiveTo study the influence of physical work factors on the risks of future disability pension (DP) due to mental or musculoskeletal diagnoses among nursing professionals, care assistants and all other occupations in the general working population in Sweden.MethodsThe prospective population study was based on representative samples of working individuals (n=79 004) aged 16–64, interviewed in the Swedish Work Environment Survey between 1993 and 2013. Information on diagnosed DP in 1994–2014 was gathered from the Social Insurance Agency’s database. The focus was on nursing professionals (registered nurses and midwives) and care assistants, for example, assistant nurses and hospital ward assistants. The outcome was DP, classified into two diagnostic groups. Associations between physical work factors and risk of DP were calculated using Cox regression with HR and 95% CI.ResultsPhysical work factors were associated with future DP after adjusting for sociodemographic conditions and psychosocial work factors among care assistants (n=10 175) and among all other occupations (n=66 253), but not among nursing professionals (n=2576). The increased risk among care assistants (n=197) exposed to heavy physical work was 66% (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.97), and for those exposed to strenuous work postures (n=420) it was 56% (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.80). Physical work indicators were mainly associated with musculoskeletal DP diagnoses among care assistants, but two indicators were significant also for mental diagnoses. An increased risk of DP was found among nursing professionals (n=102) exposed to detergents or disinfectants (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.05), but not among care assistants.ConclusionsHeavy physical work and strenuous postures are predictors of future DP, particularly among care assistants and in the general working population. In order to reduce early exit from the workforce, efforts should be made to improve physical and ergonomic working conditions.
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Nielsen, Susanne Grøn, Julie Hagstrøm Danielsen, Helle Nergaard Grønbæk, Stig Molsted, Sandra Schade Jacobsen, Tina Vilsbøll, and Annemarie Reinhardt Varming. "Transforming Motivation for Exercise in a Safe and Kind Environment—A Qualitative Study of Experiences among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 6091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106091.
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Exercise is a cornerstone in diabetes care; however, adherence is low and sustaining physical activity remains a challenge. Patient-centered diabetes self-management education and support are recommended; however, sparse literature exists on how to design exercise interventions that improve self-management in individuals with complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We aimed to gain insights into needs, barriers, and motivation based on experiences with exercise participation among individuals with T2D and complications to adjust and develop new types of tailored, supervised exercise classes in specialized care at three hospitals in Denmark. In keeping with a constructivist research paradigm, a qualitative hermeneutic approach using focus group interviews was applied to explore perspectives among different participants in terms of disease severity. Seven interviews with 30 participants (aged 49–88) representing seven different exercise classes, were conducted over three years. Reflective thematic analysis was used. Four themes were generated: People like us, Getting started with exercise, Game changers, and Moving forward. An overarching theme ‘The transformation of motivation when exercising in a safe and kind environment’ links the themes together, resembling the participants’ development of physical literacy encompassing motivation, confidence, physical competence as well as an ability to value physical activity. Supportive patient-centered exercise classes promoted a transformation of motivation grounded in the development of physical literacy among participants in specialized diabetes care. However, participants were concerned with continuing to exercise on their own after the intervention, as they experienced a lack of continuous, supervised exercise opportunities in local communities.
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Wu, Chien-Hung, Hsiao-Hsien Lin, Sin-Yu Lai, Kuan-Chieh Tseng, and Chin-Hsien Hsu. "A Study of Leisure Constraints and Job Satisfaction of Middle-Aged and Elderly Health Care Workers in COVID-19 Environment." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060713.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the leisure constraints and job satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly health care workers. The study employed a mixed research method, utilizing SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical software to analyze 260 questionnaires using basic statistical tests, t-tests, ANOVA tests, and structural equation models, and then interviewed medical and public health workers and experts in the field, and the results were analyzed using multivariate verification analysis. The results showed that there was a significant low correlation between leisure constraints and job satisfaction among middle-aged and elderly health care workers (p < 0.01); interpersonal constraints and external job satisfaction factors were the main influencing factors; improving promotion opportunities and receiving appreciation increased job satisfaction; poor working environment and facilities, as well as the lack of achievement, were the main factors that reduced satisfaction; health factors, a lack of family support, no exercise partner, and a lack of extra budget are the key to leisure constraints. If the organization can provide nearby sports facilities for middle and high-age medical workers, improve welfare, and increase willingness to participate in leisure activities, physical and mental health can be improved. Finally, interpersonal interaction in leisure obstacles is the main reason for improving job satisfaction.
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Yu, Jingyu, Guixia Ma, and Xiaoyan Jiang. "Impact of the built environment and care services within rural nursing homes in China on quality of life for elderly residents." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 6 (November 20, 2017): 1170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-08-2016-0187.
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Purpose The ageing of rural Chinese populations is challenging health and social policy, driving growth in rural nursing homes. Living environment plays a role in enhancing elderly quality of life (QoL), however, the impact of the built environment and care services are under-studied. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the built environment and care services on the QoL of elderly people within rural nursing homes in China. Design/methodology/approach A total of 242 residents of nursing home were surveyed, of which 76 percent were male and 24 percent were female. In total, 25.6 percent were aged between 60 and 69, 40.1 percent between 70 and 79, 31 percent between 80 and 89, and 3.3 percent were 90 or above. Quantitative data were analyzed through factor analysis, reliability test and multiple regression modeling. Findings The authors identified six built environment factors (room distance, space, barrier-free design, indoor environment, fire safety, and support facilities) and three services factors (i.e. daily care services, cleaning services, and healthcare services). QoL was measured over four dimensions: QoL, physical health, psychological health, and social relationships. Elderly QoL could be accurately predicted from room distance, space, barrier-free design, indoor environment, daily care services, and cleaning services. Practical implications Interventions in design of the built environment and the provision of care services are proposed, including dimensions of living space, heating, and provisions for qualified care providers. Originality/value This paper provides a clear picture about elderly special requirements on their built environment and healthcare services, helping architects, engineers and facilities managers understand elderly needs and improve built environment during design and operation stages.
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Fabius, Chanee, and Philippa Clarke. "Social and Physical Contexts of Long-Term Services and Supports." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2501.
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Abstract In the coming years, inevitably growing numbers of older populations will yield more older Americans with extensive medical and long-term care needs. This will lead to an increasing need for long-term services and supports (LTSS) to assist older adults with routine daily activities (e.g., bathing, dressing, medication management). There is a growing interest in understanding how social and physical environments contribute to health outcomes and the provision of services and resources for older persons with disabilities requiring assistance from LTSS. Decisions about care and subsequent experiences are likely a result of factors that extend beyond personal preference or individual factors, such as neighborhood quality, housing context, and living situations (i.e., homebound status) among community-dwelling older adults. Given population aging and the shift of LTSS from nursing homes toward community settings, there is a pressing need for more information about contextual factors that might help better develop supports for vulnerable older adults. This symposium will feature four presentations that provide novel insight regarding social and physical contextual factors contributing to LTSS. Presentations leverage data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older, and will describe: 1) associations between individual and home environment risk-factors, neighborhood-level social deprivation, and falls; 2) the relationship between neighborhood-level social deprivation and caregiving intensity (number of hours of caregiving per week) among community-dwelling older adults; 3) associations between living in single-family vs. multi-unit housing and social networks; and 4) community tenure among homebound older adults.
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Vaarst, Jonathan, Eleanor Boyle, Sonja Vestergaard, Lars G. Hvid, Elsa S. Strotmeyer, Nancy W. Glynn, and Paolo Caserotti. "Does physical performance and muscle strength predict future personal and nursing care services in community-dwelling older adults aged 75+?" Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 49, no. 4 (January 19, 2021): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494820979094.
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Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate if grip strength or the short physical performance battery could predict the rate of receiving two different types of home care services: (a) personal care and (b) home nursing care for community-dwelling older adults aged 75+ years. Methods: A secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study including 323 community-dwelling older adults. Measures of grip strength and the short physical performance battery were incorporated in a nationally regulated preventive home visit programme. Referral to personal and home nursing care were obtained from an administrative database with an average follow-up of 4.1 years. The rate of receiving the individual home care services and the study measures were determined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models controlling for a priori selected covariates (age, sex, living status, obesity, smoking and prior use of home care). Results: The mean age was 81.7 years with 58.8% being women. The rate of receiving personal care differed between the short physical performance battery groups but not between the grip strength groups after adjusting for all covariates with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.90 (1.29–2.81) and 1.41 (0.95–2.08), respectively. The rate of receiving home nursing care differed between both the short physical performance battery and grip strength groups after adjusting for all covariates with hazard ratios of 2.03 (1.41–2.94) and 1.48 (1.01–2.16), respectively. Conclusions: The short physical performance battery was associated with the rate of receiving both personal care and home nursing care. The short physical performance battery can be used to predict home care needs of community-dwelling older adults aged 75+ years.
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Patel, Asmita, Gregory Kolt, Justin Keogh, and Grant Schofield. "The Green Prescription and older adults: what do general practitioners see as barriers?" Journal of Primary Health Care 4, no. 4 (2012): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc12320.
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INTRODUCTION: Limited research exists that has examined the barriers that older adults (those aged 65 years and older) can encounter when given a Green Prescription (GRx). This study aimed to identify what general practitioners (GPs) perceived their older-aged patients barriers were with regard to carrying out a GRx. This study also identified the strategies that GPs used to assist their older-aged patients in overcoming barriers to physical activity engagement. METHODS: Fifteen GPs from the Auckland region of New Zealand were interviewed individually. An inductive thematic approach was used to analyse data. FINDINGS: GPs identified chronic health conditions, fear of injury, transportation constraints, set routines and lack of confidence as being barriers that some of their older-aged patients have encountered when considering whether to become more physically active and, also, when engaging in actual physical activity. CONCLUSION: Physical activity interventions, such as the GRx programme, can have an important role in helping confer health-related gain for low-active older adults. To ensure that such interventions are successful on a long-term basis, practitioners need to be aware of the barriers that their older-aged patients can encounter when given a prescription for physical activity. KEYWORDS: Green Prescription; older adults; physical activity, primary health care
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Ng, Michelle, Michael Rosenberg, Ashleigh Thornton, Leanne Lester, Stewart G. Trost, Pulan Bai, and Hayley Christian. "The Effect of Upgrades to Childcare Outdoor Spaces on Preschoolers’ Physical Activity: Findings from a Natural Experiment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020468.
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Physical inactivity is a significant risk factor for childhood obesity. Preventing obesity in the early years reduces the risk of developing chronic health conditions later. Early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are important settings to establish good preschooler physical activity behaviors. This natural experiment investigated the influence of ECEC outdoor physical environment upgrade on preschoolers’ physical activity (aged 2–5 years). Centers implemented upgrades without researcher input. Physical activity was measured by 7-day accelerometry for intervention (n = 159; 6 centers) and control (n = 138; 5 centers) groups. ECEC outdoor space was assessed using a modified Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) Instrument. Key outcomes were measured at baseline and 6–12 months follow-up. Fixed sandboxes, balls, portable slides, portable floor play equipment (e.g., tumbling mats), and natural grassed areas were positively associated with activity levels; fixed tunnels and twirling equipment were negatively associated with activity levels (all p < 0.05). Post-upgrade portable play equipment (balls, twirling equipment, slides, floor play equipment) increased intervention preschoolers’ moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels compared to control (p < 0.05). Intervention preschoolers were more active than control at follow-up (58.09 vs. 42.13 min/day increase in total physical activity; 30.46 vs. 19.16 min/day increase in MVPA (all p < 0.001)). Since few preschoolers meet daily activity recommendations while at ECEC, the findings may help ECEC providers to optimize outdoor physical environments and encourage more active play among preschoolers.
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Limtrakul, Darunnee, Krongporn Ongprasert, Pisittawoot Ayood, Ratana Sapbamrer, and Penprapa Siviroj. "A comparison of child development, growth and illness in home-care and day-care center settings." Journal of Health Research 34, no. 6 (May 1, 2020): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-08-2019-0193.
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PurposeChildcare is an essential part of early life environment that has a significant influence on lifelong physical and mental health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between development, growth and frequency of illness in different types of care.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study recruited 177 children aged 30–36 months and their caregivers. Of these 66 were being cared for at home and 111 were attending out-of-home day-care facilities. An interview form, growth measurement and the Denver Developmental Screening Test II were collected. The association between child developmental, growth and illness variables was analyzed with Chi-square, Fisher's exact and Mann–Whitney U tests.FindingsThis study found that the development and growth results did not show statistically significant differences between the home-care and day-care groups. The number of minor illnesses was significantly lower in home-care children than in day-care children (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.15-0.72).Research limitations/implicationsThis study indicated that the risk of infection is increased in the children attending day care. Provision of a healthy and safe childcare environment needs to be an essential health promotion strategy to improve family and child well-being.Originality/valueAs the number of women's participation in the labor market has increased rapidly over the past decades, so did the number of children in nonparental care. The study findings reflect that the development of a day-care center for children was unclear, whereas the risk of infection was increased. Therefore, provision of a healthy and safe childcare environment needs to be an essential health promotion strategy to improve family and child well-being.
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TESHUVA, KAREN, and YVONNE WELLS. "Experiences of ageing and aged care in Australia of older survivors of genocide." Ageing and Society 34, no. 3 (November 6, 2012): 518–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12001109.
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ABSTRACTThis qualitative study investigated the ageing and aged care experiences in Australia of two cohorts of older survivors of genocide: Jewish Holocaust survivors and older Cambodian genocide survivors. It was carried out in response to an identified need to better train aged care workers who are in contact with these groups. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 community-dwelling survivors aged 65 and over. Credibility was ensured by methodological triangulation and peer debriefing. The study highlighted the importance of understanding older survivors’ ageing and aged care experiences in the context of their entire lifecourse and in terms of both vulnerability and resilience. It showed that trauma history can heighten older survivors’ sensitivity to many aspects of the social and physical environments in residential, community and home-based aged care settings. The study also uncovered the potential for aged care services to help older survivors cope with the psycho-social and emotional effects of resurfacing post-traumatic stress symptoms. The implications of the study findings for care practice include the importance of recognising older survivors of genocide as a distinct group of clients and the need to distinguish staff training for caring for this client group from general cultural awareness training.
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GEORGE, ESTHER, LEIGH HALE, and JENNIFER ANGELO. "Valuing the health of the support worker in the aged care sector." Ageing and Society 37, no. 5 (February 22, 2016): 1006–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16000131.
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AbstractThis study explored aged care support workers’ perceptions of how their health was influenced by their job, highlighting similarities and differences of those working in community-based and institution-based care. Support workers working in two institution-based and three community-based aged care organisations were invited to participate. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with ten participants. Open-ended questions probed participants’ perceptions of their health as it related to their work. Data were analysed with the General Inductive Approach. Four central themes were identified, many of which related to mental, as opposed to physical health. ‘Love of the job’ described various sources of satisfaction for participants. These factors commonly overrode the negative aspects. ‘Stress’ encompassed the negative influences on all aspects of health. ‘Support’ described the positive influences on health, which supported participants in their job. ‘Physicality’ described the physical nature of the job and the positive and negative impact this had on participants’ health. Support workers perform numerous tasks, which often impact upon their health. Aspects of the job that may impact the health of the worker are improved communication and support from management, as well as recognition for support workers’ contribution to society. These could be targeted to enhance support worker health. Additional training and reduced time pressure may also represent aspects for improvement, to optimise support workers’ physical health.
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SCHOFIELD, HILARY, BARBARA MURPHY, HELEN E. HERRMAN, SIDNEY BLOCH, and BRUCE S. SINGH. "Carers of people aged over 50 with physical impairment, memory loss and dementia: a comparative study." Ageing and Society 18, no. 3 (May 1998): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x98006965.
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While studies investigating factors associated with carer burden suggest that intellectual impairment and behavioural disturbance in the care recipient are more demanding for the carer than physical impairment, comparative research findings are equivocal. Family carers of people with a long-term illness or disability were identified through a survey of 26,000 households in Victoria, Australia. Focusing on carers of those aged over 50 years, three subsamples were selected: 186 carers of relatives with physical impairment only, 182 carers of those with diagnosed memory loss and 117 carers of those with intellectual impairment diagnosed as dementia. Carers of physically impaired relatives reported better health, greater life satisfaction, and less overload, negative affect, family conflict, anger and resentment than carers of those with intellectual impairment, whether labelled as dementia or not. Despite lower impairment levels in the care recipient, carers of those with undiagnosed memory loss reported more resentment about their caring role than carers of those with a diagnosed dementia. The effects on the carer of significantly greater impairment in the dementia care recipient group may be ameliorated by having a diagnosis, bringing with it the potential for increased understanding and tolerance. Fortunately, negative feelings predictive of a sense of burden are subject to a range of interventions: providing information to promote understanding; counselling to tackle negative feelings and family conflict; guidelines to deal with behaviour problems and physical aspects of caring; and community services to reduce overload.
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McConnell-Nzunga, Jennifer, Katie A. Weatherson, Louise Masse, Valerie Carson, Guy Faulkner, Erica Lau, Heather McKay, Viviene Temple, Luke Wolfenden, and Patti J. Naylor. "Child Care Setting and Its Association With Policies and Practices That Promote Physical Activity and Physical Literacy in the Early Years in British Columbia." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0215.
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Background: Physical activity (PA) is critical to early child development, and child care is a key setting for promotion. The authors investigated differences in daily PA and sedentary behavior practices as well as physical environments between family child care (FCC) and group child care (GCC) settings for children aged 3–5 years in Canada. Methods: Group child care (n = 581) and FCC (n = 357) managers completed surveys assessing the implementation of PA promoting practices and description of their environments. Crosstabulation and chi-square tests of association were used to examine differences between GCC and FCC. Results: The prevalence of facilities implementing 120 minutes of active play (odds ratio [OR] 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58–3.15), <30 minutes on screens (OR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02–1.80), and 60-minute outdoors daily (OR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.4–2.9) was more likely in FCC compared with GCC. However, implementation of fundamental movement skill activities (OR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.01–1.92), breaking up prolonged sitting (OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.36–2.5), and outdoor space for large group running games (OR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.07–2.83) were more likely in GCC. Conclusions: Child care setting was associated with daily PA and sedentary practices and outdoor space for PA. Interventions to support PA in child care should be tailored to different settings and the facilitators explored.
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Huang, Yan, Raymond K. W. Sum, Yi-Jian Yang, and Nelson C. Y. Yeung. "Physical Competence, Physical Well-Being, and Perceived Physical Literacy among Older Adults in Day Care Centers of Hong Kong." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 3851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073851.
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In Hong Kong, where the aging problem is inevitable, it is increasingly common for older adults to be admitted to day care centers. However, there has been limited research exploring conceivable indicators of healthy aging among older adults in such settings. The present study investigated the associations among the three indicators (physical competence, physical well-being, and perceived physical literacy) among older adults in day care centers of Hong Kong. A total of 97 participants (aged 60 years old or above) participated in the study from April to July 2021 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on participants’ sociodemographic information, physical competence (PC), physical well-being (PWB), and perceived physical literacy (PPL) were collected. Our results showed that the level of PC reached a high level among the participants. Positive correlations were found between PC and PWB and between PPL and PWB (r = 0.22–0.23, p < 0.05). However, PC was not associated with PPL (r = 0.11, p > 0.05). In addition, as a component within PPL, “knowledge and understanding” (KU) was found to be correlated with PC (r = 0.21, p < 0.05) and had a positive and moderate correlation with PWB (r = 0.35, p < 0.01). The results suggest that older adults admitted to day care centers maintain and enhance their physical competence to improve their physical well-being. Greater knowledge and understanding of physical literacy and physical health should be delivered among day care centers considering future development.
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Jackson, Jacklyn Kay, Jannah Jones, Hanh Nguyen, Isabella Davies, Melanie Lum, Alice Grady, and Sze Lin Yoong. "Obesity Prevention within the Early Childhood Education and Care Setting: A Systematic Review of Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity Policies and Guidelines in High Income Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020838.
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As a strategy for early childhood obesity prevention, a variety of dietary behavior and physical activity policies and guidelines published by leading health agencies and early childhood education and care (ECEC) licensing and accreditation bodies exist. Given the potential diversity in recommendations from these policies, this narrative review sought to synthesize, appraise and describe the various policies and guidelines made by organizational and professional bodies to highlight consistent recommendations and identify opportunities to strengthen such policies. An electronic bibliographic search of seven online databases and grey literature sources was undertaken. Records were included if they were policies or guidelines with specific recommendations addressing dietary behavior and/or physical activity practice implementation within the ECEC setting; included children aged >12 months and <6 years and were developed for high income countries. Recommended dietary behavior and physical activity policies and practices were synthesized into broad themes using the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity framework, and the quality of included guidelines appraised. Our search identified 38 eligible publications mostly from the US and Australia. Identified guidelines were largely consistent in their recommendation and frequently addressed the physical and sociocultural environment and were well-aligned with research evidence. Broader consideration of policy and economic environments may be needed to increase the impact of such policies and guidelines within the ECEC setting.
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Tangen, Steffen, Alexander Olsen, and Ellen Beate Hansen Sandseter. "A GoPro Look on How Children Aged 17–25 Months Assess and Manage Risk during Free Exploration in a Varied Natural Environment." Education Sciences 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2022): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12050361.
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Research indicates that risky play has positive effects on children’s development, learning and health, and ability to assess and manage risk, but there is a lack of knowledge on how toddlers engage in risky play. This study aims to investigate how toddlers assess and manage risk in free exploration in a varied natural environment and was conducted within an explorative qualitative approach. Observations were collected through head-mounted GoPro cameras while seven toddlers freely explored a natural environment. The results show that toddlers are able to assess and manage risks in challenging natural environments. They develop their own risk management skills and assess risks directly and indirectly. The results also show that practitioners sometimes perform risk assessment/management on behalf of the child and thus override the child’s own actions. The findings suggest implications for an early childhood education and care (ECEC) practice where children even as young as 17–25 months should be allowed to explore challenging environments and learn how to assess and manage risks.
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Uno, Isao, and Takaaki Kubo. "Risk Factors for Aspiration Pneumonia among Elderly Patients in a Community-Based Integrated Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Geriatrics 6, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040113.
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We aimed to clarify the physical factors associated with the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in a community-based integrated care unit. This retrospective cohort study included 412 patients aged 65 years or older admitted to a community-based integrated care unit. A new diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia made by the attending physician based on physical examination, imaging findings, and blood test data after 48 h of admission was considered as an incidence of aspiration pneumonia. Basic patient information, activities of daily living, swallowing function, nutritional status, cognitive function, oral health-related factors, and energy intake were retrospectively investigated. We classified the patients into a pneumonia group and a non-pneumonia group, and examined the factors associated with the development of aspiration pneumonia. The mean age was 86.9 ± 8.1 years, and the pneumonia group comprised 49 participants. Comparison between the groups showed significant differences in oral environment, denture use, cognitive functional independence measure, and discharge to home. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, oral environment (odds ratio (OR) = 0.229, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.070–0.753, p = 0.015) and use of dentures (OR = 0.360, 95% CI: 0.172–0.754, p = 0.007) were independently associated with aspiration pneumonia. Oral care and the use of dentures may be effective in preventing aspiration pneumonia.
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Choi, Jeong-Kyun, Megan Kelley, Dan Wang, and Hannah Kerby. "Neighborhood Environment and Child Health in Immigrant Families: Using Nationally Representative Individual, Family, and Community Datasets." American Journal of Health Promotion 35, no. 7 (April 28, 2021): 948–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08901171211012522.
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Purpose: This study aimed to examine neighborhood effects on the physical and socioemotional health of children from immigrant families, after controlling for parents’ demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, acculturation, and health care issues. Design: Pooled cross-sectional data were merged with community profiles. Setting: The United States in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Participants: 10,399 children from immigrant families in the 2013-2015 National Health Interview Surveys and the U.S. Census Data. Measures: Both objective and subjective measures of neighborhood environments were assessed, including neighborhood physical disorder, socioeconomic status, demographic composition, community resources, and social trust. Analysis: Descriptive statistics, logistic regression models. Results: About half of the sampled children were male (51%); 68% were white; 56% were of Hispanic; and 34% were school-aged. Three neighborhood factors—neighborhood trust, area-level poverty rate, and the presence of primary care physician—were identified as significant predictors for child health outcomes. Foreign-born population, green space, and food desert were not significant. At the individual level, parents’ racial and ethnic minority status, non-marital status, and healthcare issues were found to be risk factors. Families’ financial resources and parental education were identified as protective factors of socioemotional health. Conclusion: Intervention approaches to build on neighborhood trust may have broad potential to improve child outcomes. Programs focusing on immigrant families with children in high poverty neighborhoods should be a high priority.
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Tur-Sinai, Aviad, Dafna Halperin, Nissim Ben David, Ariela Lowenstein, and Ruth Katz. "Cessation of Care for Frail Older Adults: Physical, Psychological and Economic Outcomes for Family Carers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063570.
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Global population aging and increased longevity are making family care a nearly universal experience. Caregiving is a dynamic process that varies over time and in intensity but often takes a physical and emotional toll on carers and may inflict financial costs by attenuating their labor market participation. The study explores the implications of the ‘cessation of care’ of frail elders by adult (middle-aged and older) kin by comparing two ethnic groups in Israel with respect to their health and their psychological and economic life. Using secondary data analyses based on SHARE-Israel data for persons aged 50+, it is found that subjective health assessment and financial capability are significantly higher among those who stop providing care than among those who continue to do so, while carers report a downturn in life satisfaction after they stop giving care. Those who continue are younger than the others, and their labor force participation rate is higher. Significant implications of cessation of care for all three areas studied—psychological, health, and economic—are found as well: the subjective rating of health and financial capability improve whereas life satisfaction decreases. Furthermore, a cessation of care moderates the relation between individuals’ age and their self-rated health, which is better among those who continue to provide care. These results emphasize and deepen our understanding of the cessation-of-care phase as a key component of the process of care for frail older adults by family members.
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Lalande, Sophie, Kazunobu Okazaki, Toshiaki Yamazaki, Hiroshi Nose, Michael J. Joyner, and Bruce D. Johnson. "Effects of Interval Walking on Physical Fitness in Middle-Aged Individuals." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 1, no. 2 (April 15, 2010): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131910363598.
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Blackberry, Irene, Christopher Steer, Tshepo Rasekaba, Kim Young, Nicole Webb, Darren Jayasuriya, Kylie Owen, and Mira Kapur. "Geriatric Oncology in the Instagram Era: PhotoVoice to Enable Patient-Centered Care and Shared Decision Making." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.092.
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Abstract Evidence shows that multidimensional assessment of older adults with cancer yields more holistic care and results in better communication about age-related concerns; as well as enables personalised, patient-centered supportive care. Geriatric assessment (GA) captures clinical, physical and psychological factors, with limited opportunity to gather information about the patient’s environment, personal contexts and priorities. We trialed the feasibility and acceptability of geriatric assessment (GA)-guided enhanced supportive care (ESC) among 20 adults aged over 70 years in a regional cancer center. We then studied the impact of the integration of four patient-derived photographs (with PhotoVoice analysis) to this ESC on patient satisfaction with communication with the oncologist regarding age-related concerns and on facilitating empowerment, patient-centered care and shared decision making. The use of PhotoVoice analysis of patient-derived photographs is a novel strategy that can facilitate gathering patient-centered information during the assessment process.
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Annear, Michael, Peter Lucas, Tim Wilkinson, and Yasuo Shimizu. "Prescribing physical activity as a preventive measure for middle-aged Australians with dementia risk factors." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 2 (2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18171.
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Dementia is increasing in Australia in line with population ageing and is expected to peak by mid-century. The development of common forms of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, is associated with lifestyle-related risk factors that are prevalent among middle-aged Australians, including obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes and depression. These risk factors can be significantly ameliorated through regular participation in moderate aerobic physical activity (PA). Current national and international guidelines recommend at least 150 min of aerobic PA per week for achieving health protective effects. Lifestyle intervention is a critical area for action as there are currently no medical or pharmaceutical interventions that can halt the progression of common dementias. Physician–patient discussions concerning risk reduction via habitual aerobic PA offers a complementary intervention as part of broader dementia management. Evidence suggests that to achieve the highest rates of adherence to PA, physician advice in primary care should be supported by wider policies, institutions and community services that offer a meaningful referral pathway and patient follow up after initial assessment. International Green Prescription programs provide examples of physician-led interventions in primary care that could inform further action in Australia.
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Lévesque, Louise, Sylvie Cossette, and Francine Ducharme. "La Santé Mentale de Conjoints Âgés Québécois: Comparaison Entre Aidants Naturels et Non Aidants." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 12, no. 1 (April 1, 1993): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1993-0006.
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This study examines various aspects of the mental health of aged caregiving spouses. Two factors are considered: the type of health problem of the care-receiving spouse (cognitive or physical impairments), and sex. Two samples of spouses providing care are examined: (a) those providing care to spouses suffering from cognitive impairments and (b) those providing care to spouses suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These participants are compared to a group of non-caregiver aged spouses as well as other aged American normative samples. All participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory developed by Derogatis and Spencer (1982). Results show that those providing care to their cognitively impaired spouses tend to be more mentally fragile than the caregivers of spouses suffering from COPD and the non-caregivers. The only difference found between men and women caregivers or men and women non-caregivers is related to interpersonal sensitivity. When compared to aged American normative samples, non-caregiver spouses showed less symptoms of obsessive-compulsiveness, anxiety, and hostility. Our study points to the importance of considering the type of health problem of the care receiver. It is also important to assess various aspects of mental health and to be able to use a measure of mental health which is specific to the aged population of Québec.
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Rangarajan, Subhashini K., Palanimuthu Thangaraju Sivakumar, Narayana Manjunatha, Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar, and Suresh Bada Math. "Public Health Perspectives of Geriatric Mental Health Care." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 43, no. 5_suppl (September 2021): S1—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02537176211047963.
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Background: In older adults (aged 60 years and above), mental health problems are gaining public health importance because of the increasing prevalence, disease burden, disability, morbidity, and mortality. Epidemiological studies on major mental health disorders such as depression and dementia in older adults have contributed to a better understanding of the distribution and determinants of these conditions. Identifying potential risk factors has stimulated interventional research on preventing these conditions under the public health framework towards their management. The increasing burden of geriatric mental health conditions like dementia in developing countries like India can contribute to significant challenges if there is no adequate strengthening of the public health response. This includes scaling up the measures of prevention, public awareness, early diagnosis, and quality health and social care equitably available to all sections of the population. The Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021–2030) provides the opportunity for concerted and coordinated initiatives to improve intrinsic capacity (physical and mental) and offer an age-friendly environment to enhance the functional ability of all older adults. Methods: This article reviews the critical public health issues related to geriatric mental health in India.
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Sim, Sung-Ho. "Travel Route Support Service System Using Information of Elderly Based on IoT Environment." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 18, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2021.9578.
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Background/Objectives: Interest in the industry aimed for the aged continues to grow due to an increase in the elderly population. Due to the increase in the elderly population with economic consumption capacity, demand for the welfare, medical care and travel industry aimed for the aged is expanding. General travel information and programs are provided mainly by travel service providers. The elderly-centered travel information service has many shortcomings. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The Fourth Industrial Revolution can provide new fusion and convergence services through the fusion of existing industries and IT. Various services such as medical care, welfare and tourism are required in connection with the industry aimed for the aged. This paper proposes a service system supporting travel routes using IoT environment-based elderly information. As the IoT environment and IoT device distribution become more common, the smart device accessibility for the elderly has improved. The proposed system provides travel route support services suitable for the elderly by additional support for elderly based on existing travel information providing systems. Findings: The travel information system provides users with only general information, such as information about destinations or distance between destinations. The service system supporting travel routes using IoT environment-based elderly information proposed in this paper provides a list of route support services suitable for the elderly by additionally applying the information of the elderly, when the elderly request travel routes. Improvements/Applications: The service system supporting travel routes using IoT environment-based elderly information provides user-centered travel route support service from provider-centered service for travel information.
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Sakurai, Rika, Asa Inagaki, Yukitsugu Komazawa, Mari Kimata, and Jun Goto. "The Factors Associated With Daily Life Support for Single Older Adults to Remain at Their Home." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.647.
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Abstract Japan aims to enable older adults to remain at home in their familiar environment. However, the factors associated with daily life support for older adults who require medical and nursing care to remain at home are unclear. This study aimed to clarify the factors associated with daily life support for single older adults needing medical and nursing care to remain at home. Our participants were single older adults aged 65-94 years receiving medical and nursing care and their care providers. First, we analyzed records, which were written by care providers, regarding ten older adults who received medical and nursing care from 2014 to 2018. We categorized occurrences which exert single older adults’ life on change into six factors, such as gradual frailty and loss of a loved one. Then, to consider how they experience these factors, we conducted semi-structured interviews with three additional older adults who were single and received home visiting nursing care service in 2020. During this process, four multidisciplinary researchers discussed the factors associated with daily life support for single older adults; finally, three factors were derived. The first one pertained to health conditions: receiving sufficient medical and nursing care maintain older adults’ physical condition. The second related to the environment: maintaining social interactions (neighbors and friends). The third pertained to older adults’ values and meanings to remain at home. This study suggests that care providers focus on these three factors to help older adults who received medical and nursing care to remain at their home.