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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physical dominance'
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Wang, Renshen. "Physical planning to embrace interconnect dominance in power and performance." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/fullcit?p3404703.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 15, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50).
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Sharp, Martin A. "Social dominance and biology : investigating female hormonal response to non-physical competition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29359.
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The thesis explores the relationship between salivary testosterone (T), cortisol (F), and non-physical competition in women. In order to address widely acknowledged difficulties with determining levels of female T, particularly the biologically active ‘free’ fraction as measured in saliva, a highly sensitive ‘in-house’ enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was optimised and validated. Assay sensitivity was 0.5pg/mL. By determining a comprehensive picture of the daily activity of salivary T in 34 healthy female subjects, it was possible to demonstrate that T follows a circadian rhythm the relative levels of which differ over two non-consecutive days. Moreover, throughout the course of the day T levels were highly variable, with episodic fluctuation of individual data points exceeding 83% of 9am levels. A quasi-experimental study examined changes in T and F in relation to non-physical dyadic encounters. Twenty-four females (ages 19-24 years) competed in a knockout tournament involving the wood-block game ‘Jenga’. They collected comprehensive salivary samples for baseline, pre- and post-competition phases. Subjects additionally reported mood states and answered questions concerning their participation in the competition. Whilst the comprehensive T data resist easy interpretation, compared against baseline, pre-comp T appeared un-responsive in anticipation of competition even though F levels did rise in the 3 hours prior to competition. Compared with levels immediately pre-competition, 1 hr post-competition T levels were higher in winners than losers. F-levels, conversely, rose in losers and fell in winners. These results illustrate that, similar to males, women demonstrate a dynamic endocrine response to competition. Moreover, choice of competitive task and salivary sampling regimens may, to a large extent, account for the equivocal findings in the literature.
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Howard, III James Thomas. "Physical Guidance in Motor Learning." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15899/.
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Previous studies of physical guidance (PG - physically constraining error during practice of a motor task) have found it to be ineffective in enhancing motor learning. However, most studies have used a highly constraining form of physical guidance that may have encouraged undue dependency. In addition, previous research has not fully considered the interaction between visual feedback and PG, and many of the studies have failed to use standard delayed retention tests with knowledge of results unavailable (no-KR). The current experiment examine the effects of varying levels of constraint in PG, as well as the interaction of PG and visual guidance (VG), using no-KR retention tests. This study involved 99 subjects divided into nine acquisition trial condition groups, forming from a 3 x 3 factorial design with factors of PG x VG, each presented at levels designated as tight, bandwidth, or none. Subjects undertook a two-dimensional pattern drawing task with no KR, PG, or VG as a pre-test, before completing 100 practice trials under one of the nine conditions. The same test was given as a retention test (immediately after practice) and as a delayed retention test (two days later). A transfer test, using a different pattern, was also administered on the second day. Almost all groups performed better on the immediate transfer test than they had on the pre-test. However, after two days only three groups (PG bandwidth-VG tight, PG none-VG bandwidth, and PG none-VG none) retained this improvement and only two groups (PG bandwidth-VG bandwidth and PG none-VG none) performed significantly better on the transfer task than their pre-test. It is proposed that bandwidth guidance generally promotes learning and that bandwidth physical guidance may enhance proprioceptive cues. Independent of PG and VG effects, KR (an overall error score) also facilitated learning.
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Keddie, Amanda, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "Little boys: the potency of peer culture in shaping masculinities." Deakin University. School of Education / School of Social & Cultural Studies, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20041216.100720.
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This study explores the peer group understandings of five male friends between the ages of six and eight years and seeks to examine the ways in which the groups social dynamics interact to define, regulate and maintain dominant and collective understandings of masculinities. Within a self-selected affinity context, and drawing on their lived and imagined experiences, the boys enact and interpret their social worlds.
Adopting the principles of ethnography within a framework of feminist poststructuralism and drawing on theories of groupness and gender(ed) embodiment, the boys understandings of masculinities are captured and interpreted. The key analytic foci are directed towards examining the role of power in the social production of collective schoolboy knowledges, and understanding the processes through which boys subjectify and are subjectified, through social but also bodily discourses. The boys constructions of peer group masculinities are (re)presented through a narrative methodology which foregrounds my interpretation of the groups personal and social relevances and seeks to be inductive in ways that bring to life the boys stories.
The study illuminates the potency of peer culture in shaping and regulating the boys dominant understandings of masculinity. Within this culture strong essentialist and hierarchical values are imported to support a range of gender(ed) and sexual dualisms. Here patriarchal adult culture is regularly mimicked and distorted. Underpinned by constructions of femininity as the negative other, dominant masculinities are embodied, cultivated and championed through physical dominance, physical risk, aggression and violence.
Through feminist poststructural analysis which enables a theorising of the boys subjectivities as fluid, tenuous and often characterised by contradiction and resistance, there exists a potential for interrupting and re-working particular masculinities. Within this framework, more affirmative but equally legitimate understandings and embodiments can be explored. The study presents a warrant for working with early childhood affinity groups to disrupt and contest the dominance and hierarchy of peer culture in an effort to counter-act broader gendered and heterosexist global, state and institutional structures. Framing these assertions is an understanding of the peer context as not only self-limiting and productive of hierarchies, but enabling and generative of affirmative subjectivities.
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ANDERSSON, ALEXANDER, and KARL ESSUNGER. "Physical or Digital Payments : Towards a Dominant Design?" Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236483.
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Rapid digitalisation development has been stampeding widely across today’s societies, and not least in the payment industry. Though, the digitalisation in the payment industry has been very deviating, even between similar well-developed countries, and while there are positive and negative effects with both digital- and physical payment means, there is little knowledge that highlights the influencing factors and accompanied problems. This study therefore explore swhich, and how, different factors influence a country’s degree of digital payments, and creates further understanding of where the payment markets are heading in the future. It is done through a case study of four different industrialised countries, Sweden, Italy, Canada, and Switzerland which involves mapping the countries’ payment markets, as well as potential factors influencing a population’s payment habits, through a perspective of innovation theory in terms of dominant designs and technological discontinuities. Theory of network externalities and two-sided platforms are further used to explain and discuss how a two-sided market, likethe payment market, is affected by changes and other circumstances in different ways.Conclusions are then drawn from the used theories together with a comparison of the findings,and identifies certain influencers to a country’s distribution of payments, as well as provides indications of where the different payments markets are heading in the future. Data is mainly gathered through written material and credible databases, but also from semi-structured interviews.Den snabba digitaliseringen har slagit sig fram i dagens samhällen, och inte minst i betalningsindustrin. Dock har digitaliseringen i betalningsindustrin varit mycket avvikande mellan liknande välutvecklade länder, och medan det finns positiva och negativa effekter med både digitala och fysiska betalningsmedel, finns det inte mycket kunskap om påverkandefaktorer och medföljande problem. Denna studie undersöker därför vilka, och hur, olika faktorer påverkar ett lands grad av digitala betalningar, och vidare skapar ytterligare förståelse för var betalningsmarknaderna är på väg framöver. Detta görs genom en fallstudie av fyra olika industrialiserade länder, Sverige, Italien, Kanada och Schweiz, som innebär en kartläggning av ländernas betalningsmarknader, och av potentiella faktorer som påverkar befolkningens betalningsvanor, genom ett perspektiv från innovationsteori i form av dominerande design och tekniska diskontinuiteter. Teori om nätverksexternaliteter och tvåsidiga plattformar används vidare för att förklara och diskutera hur en tvåsidig marknad som betalningsmarknadenpåverkas av förändringar och andra omständigheter. Slutsatser dras sedan från de användateorierna tillsammans med en jämförelse av resultaten och identifierar påverkande faktorer tillett lands betalningsdistribution, samt ger indikationer på var de olika betalningsmarknaderna är på väg framöver. Data samlades huvudsakligen in genom skriftligt material och från tillförlitliga databaser, men även från semistrukturerade intervjuer.
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Pierre, Darren Michael 1971. "Modeling orientation and ocular dominance columns in the visual cortex." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43525.
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Pound, Susan Elizabeth. "Genetic and physical mapping of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20118.
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A sample of 35 families with ADPKD from central Scotland, previously typed with two markers from the PKD1 region [3'HVR. However, there is one recombinant with CMM65 (D16S84), and one with 26-6 (D16S125), which localises PKD1 to between these markers. In order to obtain cloned DNA from this genetically defined region of interest, spanning approximately 750 kb of DNA, yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) were isolated from available libraries.
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Goodyear, Victoria A. "Participatory action research : challenging the dominant practice architectures of physical education." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/297585.
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Research shows that the dominant pedagogical practices of physical education are irrelevant to young people in the 21st century, and that physical education currently exists in a time of innovation without change. Subsequently, physical education as a curriculum subject is at risk of becoming extinct unless the 'talked' about pedagogical innovations that provide authentic, relevant and transferable learning experiences can become sustainable 'actioned' futures. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to explore how a pedagogical innovation, the Cooperative Learning model, could be used over an enduring period of time. Participatory action research (PAR) was used as the methodology to scaffold the inquiry and to support eight secondary school physical education teachers' learning and use of Cooperative Learning during an academic year. This thesis considers how PAR enabled teachers to break the dominant practice architectures of physical education and how PAR supported teachers‘ use of an emergent pedagogical approach within and beyond the honeymoon period of implementation. In other words, how PAR facilitated teachers' ability to work beyond the dominant pedagogical practices of physical education and the practices endorsed by the school as an institution. Furthermore, how PAR sustained teachers' engagement with, and use of, the Cooperative Learning model. Indeed, Cooperative Learning was firstly immersed within the milieu of the practice architectures. Yet through the use of PAR the teachers were motivated to move beyond the honeymoon period and began to use the model within, with and then against the mess of the practice architectures. Subsequently, Cooperative Learning was emerging as the dominant pedagogical approach. However, this only occurred for some teachers where social connectivity and an emerging community of practice were significant variables in sustaining and adapting the use of Cooperative Learning. The contribution to knowledge is therefore the methodological processes of how to move beyond dominant pedagogical practices and facilitate innovation with change. In order for a pedagogical innovation to become a sustainable 'actioned' future its use is context dependent and PAR facilitates its sustainability. Furthermore, teacher learning should be advanced and teachers should be encouraged to create communicative spaces with colleagues and researcher facilitators.
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Wang, Mengchen. "Rheological Behavior of Wall-Slip Dominant Solutions." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1427994338.
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Hesling, Isabelle. "Le rôle de l'hémisphère cérébral droit dans la production et la perception de la parole : études physico-acoustiques ̱ investigations neurolinguistiques ̱ propositions pour un rééquilibrage de l'activité cérébrale." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20013.
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La maitrise operationnelle de la langue anglaise n'est pas aisee pour bon nombre d'apprenants de notre systeme scolaire. La dimension lexico-grammaticale et syntaxique atteint un niveau acceptable mais ne permet pas de dominer la dimension orale de la langue en cours d'apprentissage. Les recentes recherches dans le domaine des neurosciences nous apprennent que la dimension prosodique d'une langue, support naturel de la parole sur lequel viennent se superposer les elements grammaticaux et syntaxiques, est principalement geree par l'hemisphere cerebral droit. La langue, produite et percue par le cerveau humain, est soumise a la subjectivite du cerveau, qui ne percoit pas les caracteristiques de la langue seconde en valeur absolue, mais en valeur relative (physique perceptive), chaque apprenant etant cerebralement conditionne par sa langue maternelle. Les connaissances en linguistique, acoustique et neurologie permettent de proposer aux candidats a l'apprentissage d'une langue des strategies variables en fonction de leur maturite cerebrale. Ainsi, les propositions d'intervention, visant a l'acquisition de la langue anglaise, basees sur le developpement preponderant de l'hemisphere cerebral droit chez les enfants de moins de 8 ans different des strategies de remediation pour les "durs d'oreille". Les difficultes d'acquisition des langues, tout comme le langage pathologique, sont envisages ici en terme de desequilibre de l'activite cerebrale. Une strategie concue sur le reequilibrage de l'activite cerebrale, par la sur-utilisation specifique de l'hemisphere cerebral droit, naturelle chez les tout-petits, exercee artificiellement (dispositif intolang) chez les apprenants adultes ou chez les cerebro-leses, entraine des progres non contestables. Chaque hemisphere cerebral est implique specifiquement dans la parole, mais leur activite est complementaire. Deux cerveaux pour apprendre. . . Ou reapprendre a parler.
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Zou, Xun. "The Prominent West Antarctic Surface Melt Event of January 2016: Investigation of the Dominant Physical Mechanisms." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511894550435471.
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Reynolds, Gillian Margaret. "Work, charity and physical/sensory impairment : biographical accounts of the re-negotiation, or subversion of dominant ideologies." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358497.
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Arthur, A. "Effects of some physical and chemical variants on aspects of morphology and physiology in certain dominant diatoms of the Clyde Estuary." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234258.
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Monaghan, Peter (Peter Andrew). "Study of the ¹²C(e,e'p) reaction in a correlations dominant regime with Q² = 2.0 (GeV/c)² and XB̳ > 1." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45161.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-178).
This experiment was motivated by studying short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations via multinucleon knockout reactions -- (e, e'pN). The data were taken in Hall A at Jefferson Lab using the pair of high resolution spectrometers to detect the (e, e'p) reaction data, and using a third large acceptance spectrometer called BigBite to detect the second nucleon ejected from the nucleus. The kinematics were chosen to be conducive for studying short-range correlations -- namely a large momentum transfer and xB > 1.The central kinematic values used during the experiment were Q2 = 2 (GeV/c)2 and xB = 1.2, although the spectrometer acceptances resulted in a range of both Q2 and xB being recorded in the data. While the electron spectrometer was unchanged during the experiment, the proton spectrometer was changed to cover a range of missing momentum values, ~Pm ~ 200 - 650 MeV/c; this resulted in three different datasets. This thesis presents the analysis and results of the (e, e'p) reaction channel. The motivation of the experiment is discussed and a description of the experimental equipment is given. The methods used to calibrate the equipment, improve the analysis software and to extract the cross-sections from the data are described. The cross-section results from both the 12C(e, e'p)11B bound state and the 12C(e, e'p) continuum reaction channels are presented. The 12C(e, e'p)11B results are compared to theoretical calculations and show agreement for Pm < 300 MeV/c but significant disagreement at larger missing momenta. The data from different kinematic settings which overlap in missing momentum around ~Pm = 400 MeV/c did not provide sufficient statistics to extract a meanful cross-section measurement. The 12C(e, e'p) continuum cross-sections are extracted as a function of missing energy over a range of missing momentum. A peak is observed in the cross-sections as a function of missing momentum; this is consistent with scattering from a quasideuteron pair. However, the peak location is different from the location predicted using the quasideuteron model.
(cont.) A suggested modification to the quasideuteron model, namely that the remaining nucleons are not at rest, results in a predicted peak location in the cross-section which lies closer to the observed peak location. The reduced cross-section is also extracted by dividing the results by the single nucleon offshell cross- section; the scc2 prescription of DeForest is used. This reduced cross-section for the same missing momentum and missing energy bins is compared for the three different kinematic settings. No agreement is found between the different datasets showing that the plane-wave impulse approximation does not describe the data. The data presented for the 12C(e, e'p) reaction allows theorists a direct comparison between data and their calculations. We hope it will provide motivation for theorists to improve their calculations and models of the reaction mechanism. Although no theoretical calculations are currently available for comparison, it is anticipated that they will be available in the near future.
by Peter Monaghan.
Ph.D.
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Chalons, Guillaume. "Corrections radiatives en Supersymétrie et applications au calcul de la densité relique au-delà de l'ordre dominant." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00527244.
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Cette thèse porte sur le calcul des corrections radiatives supersymétriques pour des processus entrants dans le calcul de la densité relique de matière noire, dans le MSSM et le scénario cosmologique standard, ainsi que sur l'influence du choix du schéma de renormalisation du secteur des neutralinos/charginos à partir de la mesure de trois masses physiques. Cette étude a été faite à l'aide d'un programme automatique de calcul à une boucle d'observables physiques dans le MSSM, appelé SloopS. Pour le calcul de la densité relique nous nous sommes penchés sur des scénarios où le candidat supersymétrique le plus étudié, le neutralino, se désintégrait en majoritairement en bosons de jauge. Nous avons couvert les cas où sa masse était de l'ordre de quelques centaines de GeV jusqu'à 2 TeV. Cela a nécessité la prise en compte complète des corrections électrofaibles et fortes, impliquées dans des processus sous-dominants impliquant des quarks. Dans le cas des neutralinos très lourds deux effets importants ont été mis à jour : les amplifications de type Sommerfeld dues aux bosons de jauge massifs et peut-être plus important encore des corrections de type Sudakov.
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Sheriff, Constance, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. ""I wanna be toned I don't want to be muscular" : dominant discourses and women's exercise choices." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2582.
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This thesis explores how women who exercise regularly frame their involvement in
exercise with regard to discourses of femininity, fitness, consumerism, and healthism,
and how these contemporary discourses impact women’s exercise choices. Sixteen semistructured
interviews were conducted with women who exercise regularly. The objective
was to elicit detailed information about the types of exercise these women were involved
in, how they came to exercise in particular ways, and with what rationales. A Foucaultian
discourse analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken to uncover commonalities
and differences in how the sometimes competing discourses of femininity, fitness,
consumerism, and healthism affect the types of exercise engaged in. By examining the
interplay between discourse, power/knowledge, surveillance, discipline, subjectivity, and
the resultant construction of normative feminine and health ideals, this thesis attempts to
determine how women are constructed, and construct themselves, as regular exercisers
and how this construction impacts the ways in which the women chose to exercise.vii, 149 leaves ; 29 cm
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Alli, Shahnaz. "Positive acculturation context variables as predictors of acculturation outcomes in a mine in the Nort-West Province / Shahnaz Alli." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3636.
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This project analyses the acculturation process in a specific context, in order to predict the perceived work success and health (both psychological and physical) of mineworkers in a mine in the North-West Province.1 Success is evaluated in terms of meeting deadlines at work, reputation and respect at work, and training and development opportunities at work. Employees' success and health is considered from an acculturation perspective and thus viewed as a result of the acculturation process. This hypothesis was investigated by examining the affect of the acculturation context and individual intervening factors, which are translated into variables, on perceived work success and health (acculturation outcomes).
A random convenience sample of participants from the mine under investigated was taken (n = 288 the majority of the participants are male, married, Black, and Afrikaans-speaking). English questionnaires using a cross-sectional survey design were administered to these participants. The questions were derived from adapted measuring scales and scales developed for the project, which follow a five-point Likert format ('strongly agree' to 'strongly disagree'). Four categories of instruments were used: those examining the mainstream domain (multiculturalism, tolerance of other cultures by the mainstream, multicultural practices, relationships with host culture members at work), individual intervening factors (individual integration acculturation strategy and perceived self-efficacy), acculturation outcomes (health and work success), and the ethnocultural domain (ethnic integration demands, ethnic solidarity and social support, relationship with co-ethnics, and ethnic vitality at work).
The data was captured in a spreadsheet, quality controlled, and statistically analysed using multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and T-tests in SAS, SPSS, and AMOS (regression using structural equation modelling). Descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha coefficients, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were examined. Effect sizes were used to determine the practical significance of the findings.
Perceived self-efficacy is a statistically significant predictor of work success in terms of meeting deadlines. Multicultural practices, ethnic integration demands at work, relationship with co-ethnics individual integration acculturation strategy, and perceived self-efficacy statistically significant predictors of work success in terms of reputation and respect at work. Multicultural practices and ethnic solidarity and social support are statistically significant predictors of work success in terms of training and development opportunities at work.
Relationships with host culture members at work, ethnic solidarity and social support, ethnic vitality at work, and individual integration acculturation strategy are statistically significant predictors of psychological health. Multiculturalism, multicultural practices, and tolerance of other cultures by the mainstream are statistically significant predictors of physical health.
This project concludes that success and health can be considered from an acculturation perspective and these acculturation outcomes can be predicted based on the acculturation context and individual intervening factors.Thesis (M.Com. (Human Resource Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Besse, Adrien. "Réactions dures exclusives au twist sous-dominant." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855281.
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Le sujet de cette thèse sont les amplitudes d'hélicités de la leptoproduction exclusive et diffractive du méson rho dans la limite de Regge perturbative et au-delà du twist dominant. La compréhension de pareils processus exclusifs en termes des constituants élémentaires de QCD est un important défi pour comprendre la structure des hadrons. On présente ici deux nouveaux modèles phénoménologiques basés sur la kT-factorisation des amplitudes d'hélicités en un facteur d'impact γ*(λ) → ρ(λ'), où λ et λ' dénotent les polarisations du photon virtuel et du méson rho, et le facteur d'impact du nucléon cible. Les facteurs d'impacts γ*(λ) → ρ(λ') sont calculés en utilisant la factorisation colinéaire pour séparer la partie molle du méson rho. Le premier modèle est obtenu en combinant les résultats respectivement de twist 2 et twist 3 des facteurs d'impacts où les deux polarisations sont longitudinales ou transverses, avec un modèle pour le facteur d'impact du nucléon et un modèle pour les distributions d'amplitudes du méson rho. Dans la seconde approche présentée dans cette thèse, on calcule ces facteurs d'impacts dans l'espace des paramètres d'impacts et on montre que l'amplitude de diffusion d'un dipôle de couleur avec le nucléon se factorise, permettant de combiner nos résultats avec un modèle de section efficace de dipôle. On obtient en très bon accord avec les données de H1 et ZEUS pour des virtualités plus grandes que quelques GeV. Nous discutons les résultats obtenus et les comparons à d'autres modèles existants.
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Lashermes, Bruno. "Analyse multifractale pratique : coefficients dominants et ordres critiques : Applications à la turbulence pleinement développée : Effets de nombre de Reynolds fini." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011012.
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La description multifractale des signaux a été initiée au cours des vingt dernières années, notamment dans le domaine de la turbulence pleinement développée. Les propriétés de régularité ponctuelle des signaux étudiés sont caractérisées à l'aide d'un spectre de singularités. L'analyse multifractale de ces signaux consiste à mesurer ce spectre de singularités, à l'aide de formalismes multifractals. L'apparition des transformées en ondelette, à la même époque, a permis d'affiner la pratique de l'analyse multifractale, sans pour autant toujours reposer sur des bases mathématiques solides. S. Jaffard a récemment introduit les coefficients dominants, qui permettent de construire un formalisme multifractal mathématiquement bien fondé, et au cadre d'application large : il rend possible la mesure de l'ensemble du spectre de singularités, et reste valide lorsque les signaux analysés contiennent des singularités oscillantes. Ce nouvel outil est pour la première fois mis en oeuvre, numériquement caractérisé et appliqué à des signaux de vitesse turbulente. La question du bon usage pratique des formalismes multifractals, qui reposent sur la mesure d'exposants de fonctions de structure, est essentielle. Le travail présenté se propose d'y apporter des éléments de réponse. Une étude numérique, sur un large panel de processus multifractals synthétiques, a permis d'illustrer et de caractériser un aspect essentiel de l'analyse multifractale pratique, l'existence d'un ordre critique. Un estimateur de cet ordre critique est construit et numériquement caractérisé. Une relecture des résultats obtenus en turbulence est alors effectuée. Enfin, la question de l'universalité des exposants des fonctions de structure en turbulence pleinement développée est abordée. Une modélisation de l'exposant de la fonction de structure d'ordre trois est proposée et comparée à des résultats expérimentaux, mettant en évidence le caractère non universel de sa valeur.
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Chetry, Taya Nath. "A Study of the Reaction γd → ϖ+ϖ- d (From Vector Mesons to Possible Dibaryons)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1547590526890843.
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Sanguinetti, Grégory. "Calcul de la production d'une paire de bosons de jauge faible associée à un jet à l'approximation au-delà des logarithmes dominants." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331294.
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En 2008, le futur collisionneur du CERN, le Large Hadron Collider (LHC), commencera à récolter les données issues des collisions entre protons à l'échelle du TeV, dans le but de comprendre la brisure de la symétrie électro-faible. Un grand nombre de réactions incluant de nombreuses particules dans l'état final doit être étudié avec précision. Ces possibilités de découverte du LHC ne pourront être pleinement exploitées que si le bruit de fond de la Chromodynamique Quantique est bien maîtrisé. Parmi les réactions comprenant plus de quatre particules, la production associée d'une paire de bosons de jauge faible (W, Z) associée à un jet constitue un des bruits de fond pour la recherche du boson de Higgs au LHC. Il est important de calculer cette réaction à l'approximation dite "au-delà des logarithmes dominants", qui consiste à ajouter à l'ordre dominant le plus bas les deux contributions suivantes : la correction virtuelle (c'est un calcul d'amplitudes à une boucle) et l'émission réelle (c'est un calcul d'amplitudes à l'arbre mais avec un parton de plus dans l'état final). Des expressions analytiques suffisamment compactes pour être évaluées numériquement ont été obtenues et sont en parfait accord avec les résultats de deux autres groupes de recherche indépendants. Quant à l'émission réelle, toutes les contributions ont été évaluées à l'aide de programmes de génération automatique d'amplitudes à l'arbre. Ainsi, nous sommes en mesure de présenter des prédictions précises concernant les corrections à l'ordre supérieur de la section efficace totale de cette réaction au LHC.
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Walter, Jean-Charles. "Etude numérique des corrections d'échelle au comportement dominant à l'équilibre et hors de l'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440099.
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La première partie a pour sujet le comportement à l'équilibre du modèle d'Ising pour d>4. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions le comportement thermique dans le cadre du comportement d'échelle étendu. Par interpolation de données numériques en dimensions cinq à huit, nous obtenons un développement décrivant la susceptibilité dans toute la phase haute température. Dans un second temps, nous étudions les effets de taille finie. Les résultats numériques obtenus pour le modèle d'Ising 5d sont compatibles avec une croissance anormale de la longueur de corrélation pour des conditions de bords libres. La seconde partie a pour sujet le vieillissement dans les systèmes de spins 2d complètement frustrés. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions le vieillissement du modèle d'Ising complètement frustré 2d lors d'une trempe depuis la phase haute température jusqu'à la température critique. La présence de défauts topologiques, comme pour le modèle XY, se manifeste par des corrections logarithmiques lors de la croissance de la longueur caractéristique. Dans un second temps, nous étudions le vieillissement du modèle XY complètement frustré 2d. Lors d'une trempe depuis l'état fondamental jusque dans la ligne critique, le vieillissement des spins est bien décrit par les ondes de spins. Lors d'une trempe depuis la phase haute température jusqu'à la température BKT pour les spins et jusqu'à la température de brisure de symétrie de la chiralité, nous estimons les grandeurs universelles des deux variables. Les résultats pour la chiralité sont incompatibles avec la classe d'universalité du modèle d'Ising 2d. Des corrections logarithmiques sont également présentes.
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LEIPOLDT, Erik, and eleipoldt@upnaway com. "Good life in the balance: a cross-national study of Dutch and Australian disability perspectives on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide." Edith Cowan University. Education And Arts: School Of, 2003. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0010.html.
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This is a cross-national qualitative study with the purpose of obtaining perspectives held by people with quadriplegia and leading figures in disability movements in the Netherlands and Australia on the issues of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (EPAS). A disability voice is not prominent in public debate on EPAS in Australia or the Netherlands, even though people with disabilities are often thought to be vulnerable in relation to EPAS policies. Disability perspectives are potentially valuable in illuminating issues in relation to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, because issues of dependence, independence, and individual autonomy play important roles in relation to both EPAS and to living with disability. The study's methodology uses a phenomenological approach and incorporates aspects of heuristics and grounded theory. Its conceptual framework incorporates MacIntyre's (1999) theory of acknowledged dependency and vulnerability; Habermas' (1989) theory of knowledge; and Festinger's (1959) theory of cognitive dissonance. The main sample of twenty people with quadriplegia (the grassroots sample) was interviewed in the Netherlands and in Australia.
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Lotse, Henrik. "Electrical analysis of interface recombination of thin-film CIGS solar cells." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-426324.
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In this master thesis, electrical characterization of thin film CuInxGa(1−x)Se2 solar cells produced by Midsummer AB were performed with the aim of determining the dominant recombination path of these cells. Current-Voltage (IV), Quantum Effinciency (QE), temperature dependent IV (IVT) and Drive-Level Capacitance Profiling (DLCP) was used with the objective to investigate the dominant recombination path as well as provide some insight of the solar cells in order to create a baseline model using the modelling software SCAPS (Solar cell CAPacitance Simulator). The IV produced mostly consistent results with slight variation, most likely due to non uniformity of equipment. The QE showed consistent results between all cells indicating a stable process for the sample preparation. Using IVT measurements were taken from a temperature of 115K −300K in order to obtain the activation energy for the dominant recombination path. By comparing it with the band gap energy from the QE measurement, it was found that the dominant recombination path is in either the space charge region or in the bulk of the CIGS and not at the hetero interface. DLCP measurement were made at both low temperature and at room temperature and revealed that the cells had a similar doping as other comparable cells at 7×1016cm−3 . The initial baseline model created in SCAPS show a good agreement with the measured IV and currently indicates a spike in the band alignment, supporting the results for the IVT measurement.
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Freiberg, Jill Maree, and n/a. "Topical Talk in General Practice Medical Consultations: The Operation of Service Topics in the Constitution of Orderly Tasks, Patients and Service Providers." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041012.125934.
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This research project addresses the following: how topical talk operates in the organisation and management of MSE interactions; and how topical talk operates in the co-ordination of specific service requests and service provisions. It draws on a corpus of audio-recorded and transcribed interactions between general practitioners and persons seeking general medical services in suburban clinics in Brisbane, Australia. The corpus comprised a total of 67 medical service events (henceforth MSEs), audio-taped with the full informed consent of the participants. Many contemporary medical sociological accounts of the operation of topical talk in MSEs, typified by the work of Mishler (1981, 1984) and Waitzkin (1991), remain anchored to the 'professional dominance' thesis (Freidson 1970a; 1970b), arguing for the fundamental conflict between two perspectives - lay and professional. Topical talk has been formulated as one expression of this conflict in 'doctor-centred' communicative 'styles' (Byrne and Long 1976; Silverman 1987). Within such accounts, familiar interactional patterns in MSEs, including the content and structure of topics, have been theorised as instruments of power and control whereby the dominance of specialised medical knowledge and expertise are established and maintained. Mishler's (1984) characterisation of the conflict between a biomedically oriented 'voice of medicine' used by professional physicians (henceforth GPs) and a 'voice of the lifeworld' used by persons seeking medical services (henceforth Ps) is an expression of the 'professional dominance' thesis. The voices are characterised as attesting to a fundamental, theoretically problematic, asymmetry of power relations between GPs and Ps, thereby reinforcing the ideological status of professionals in general and the medical profession in particular. Further, recommendations regarding correctives to 'professional dominance' centre on advice GPs to attend to the primacy of Ps' talk on their experiences of illnesses rather than apparently 'ignoring' or transforming these topics into biomedical accounts of disease. This research project critiques this formulation of topical talk and the traditional theoretical and empirical bases on which it has drawn. This critique arises from the application of ethnomethodological approaches to the study of MSEs. Such approaches, as outlined in Chapters 2 and 3, are characterised by a number of conceptual and analytic premises: First, particular social structural features of social activities and the institutional contexts within which activities occur should not be assumed to be the primary criteria for judging the import and adequacy of situated action. Second, the parties to situated social events mutually constitute those events in the real world. Third, issues of agency are collaborative situated accomplishments such that the management of everyday social activities is accomplished by the people involved who show one another the rationalities of their actions as they assemble the familiar scenic features of those same institutional events (Garfinkel 1967; Sacks 1992a, 1992b). These assumptions have been applied in ethnomethodological analyses of social action, including the analysis of professional service encounters that have critiqued the 'professional dominance' thesis (Eglin and Wideman 1986; Sharrock 1979). The novelty of this study is the analysis of the operation of topic organisation as a phenomenon of order. This study also draws on recommendations within Ethnomethodology (Hester & Eglin 1997b; Watson 1997) that sequential and categorial organisations are mutually informative in the analysis of the rationality of situated social action. One of the particular contributions of this thesis is that it not only jointly applies both conversation analysis and membership categorisation analysis but also extends this recommendation to the inclusion of topic analysis as was originally provided for by Sacks (1992a , 1992b) and Garfinkel and Sacks (1970). Within this study a model of analysis has been constructed that has enabled the analytical consideration of four dimensions of social organisation: local sequential, extended sequential, topical and categorial organisations. The theoretical and empirical concepts of ethnomethodogical analysis have thus been developed and extended within this project. The central findings of this study are that in institutional service events, the 'service topic' is both significant and consequential, and that persons constitute themselves as bona fide incumbents of the categories GP or P by attending to their actions as topically organised. The local adequacy of any particular interactional move (such as questioning-answering, greetings, the design of a topic proposal, etc) is shown to be referenced to the service topic. This study found no evidence of potential or actual "struggles" between the 'voice of the life-world and the voice of medicine'. Rather, this study finds routine recognition on the part of both Ps and GPs of the centrality of the service topic and, thereby, the service task, and no evidence of orientation to distinctive biographical contributions staged in competition with biomedically relevant service topics. It is found that Ps' biographical references were made in the context of an assembled service topic such that particular service tasks, however conventional, were constituted as both relevant and reasonable as medical goods and service for the specific service recipient and provider. At the most general level, it is concluded that the service topic operates as a phenomenon of order in MSEs where order, as defined by Garfinkel and Weider (1992: 202), refers to all of the rationalities evident in the generic features of institutional events and settings, that is, the situated logic and intelligibility as well as the procedures whereby they are constituted as recognisable social events. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for the theorisation, policy-making, medical education, and practices of GPs and Ps within MSEs. Overall, the significance of this work for researchers into medical interactions is that the relevance of the service topic and its pervasive organisational consequences need to be considered analytically. A major outcome of this thesis is the establishment of a new order of interest within the study of institutional interactions. The project demonstrates the pervasive consequences of service topics and thus provides a step forward in the study of institutional service interactions and ways of theorising their rationality, a step that extends beyond social structural pre-theorisations of power and domination and also beyond interactional accounts of the primary relevance of turn taking structures.
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Hadjidakis, Cynthia. "Electroproduction de méson rho0 à virtualité intermédiaire à Jlab avec le détecteur CLAS." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105290.
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Kerman, Solmaz Saime. "Scalar Meson Effects In Radiative Decays Of Vector Mesons." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/57968-0/index.pdf.
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The role of scalar mesons in radiative vector meson decays is
investigated. The effects of scalar-isoscalar f_{0}(980) and
scalar-isovector a_{0}(980) mesons are studied in the mechanism of the radiative Phi->pi{+}pi{-}gamma and phi->
pi{0}eta gamma decays, respectively. A phenomenological approach is used to study the radiative phi->
pi{+}p{-}gamma decay by considering the contributions of sigma-meson, rho-meson and f_{0}-meson. The interference effects between different contributions are analyzed and the branching ratio for this decay is calculated. The radiative phi->
pi{0}eta gamma decay is studied within the framework of a phenomenological approach in which the contributions of rho-meson, chiral loop and a_{0}-meson are considered. The interference effects between different contributions are examined and the coupling constants g_{phi a_{0} gamma} and g_{a_{0}K{+}K{-}} are estimated using the experimental branching ratio for the phi->
pi{0}eta gamma decay. Furthermore, the radiative rho{0}pi{+}pi{-}gamma$ and rho{0}->
pi{0}pi{0}gamma decays are studied to investigate the role of scalar-isoscalar sigma-meson. The branching ratios of the rho{0}->
pi{+}pi{-}gamma and rho{0}->
pi{0}pi{0}gamma decays are calculated using a phenomenological approach by adding to the amplitude calculated within the framework of chiral perturbation theory and vector meson dominance the amplitude of sigma-meson intermediate state. In all the decays studied the scalar meson intermediate states make important contributions to the overall amplitude.
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Malak, Rehan. "Contribution à l'ordre dominant de la polarisation hadronique du vide au moment magnétique anomal du muon en QCD sur réseau avec quatre saveurs de quarks à leur masse physique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4089.
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Les moments magnétiques anomaux des leptons ont joué un rôle important dans le développement du modèle standard de la physique des particules. Aujourd’hui, celui du muon est mesuré très précisément et le sera avec une precision encore plus grande par une expérience qui débutera en 2017. Dans la mesure où la prédiction théorique pourra être faite avec des incertitudes comparables, un test rigoureux du modèle standard sera possible. Nous étudions ici le facteur limitant de cette prédiction, la contribution de la polarisation hadronique du vide à l’ordre dominant (HVP-LO). Nous calculons cette contribution numériquement à l’aide d’une version discrétisée de la théorie de l’interaction forte, la chromodynamique quantique sur réseau. Le calcul haute-performance permet de résoudre la théorie dans son régime hautement non-linéaire qui est le plus pertinent ici. Les algorithmes de simulation et les méthodes utilisées pour obtenir la polarisation hadronique, ainsi que les incertitudes associées, sont décrits. Ces méthodes sont ensuite appliquées à des simulations réalisées avec la collaboration Budapest-Marseille-Wuppertal. Dans un premier temps, elles sont implémentées dans une étude dédiée des effets de volume fini. Les méthodes les plus robustes sont ensuite utilisées pour calculer la polarisation hadronique avec des simulations qui comprennent N_f=2+1+1 saveurs de quarks. Celles-ci sont réalisées directement à la valeur physique des masses de quarks u, d, s et c, avec six tailles de maille et dans de gros volumes de 6 fm^3. Elles nous permettent de calculer la contribution HVP-LO au moment magnétique anomal du muon avec des erreurs contrôlées d’environ 3%The anomalous magnetic moments of leptons have played an important role in the development of the Standard Model of particle physics. Today, that of the muon is measured very precisely and will be so with even higher precision in an experiment that will begin in 2017. To the extent that the theoretical prediction can be made with comparable uncertainties, a rigorous test of the Standard Model will be possible. Here we study the limiting factor in this prediction, the leading-order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution (HVP-LO). We compute this contribution numerically with a discretized version of the theory of the strong interaction: lattice Quantum Chromodynamics. High-performance computing allows to solve the theory in its highly nonlinear regime, which is the one most relevant here. The simulation algorithms and the methods used to obtain the HVP, as well as the associated statistical and systematic uncertainties, are described. These methods are then applied to simulations performed with the Budapest-Marseille-Wuppertal collaboration. First they are implemented in a dedicated study of finite-volume effects. The most robust methods are then used to compute the HVP with simulations which include N_f=2+1+1 flavors of quarks. These are performed directly at the physical values of the u, d, s and c quark masses, with six lattice spacings and in large volumes of 6 fm^3. They allow us to compute the HVP-LO contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon with controlled errors of around 3%
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Incerti, Sébastien. "Mesure de la fonction de structure polarisée g1n du neutron par l'expérience E154 au SLAC." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002876.
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Cette thèse décrit la mesure précise de la fonction de structure polarisée g1n du neutron menée par la collaboration E154 à l'automne 1995 auprès de l'accélérateur linéaire de Stanford aux Etats-Unis, par diffusion profondément inélastique inclusive d'un faisceau d'électrons polarisé de 48.3 GeV sur une cible d'Hélium 3 polarisée. Les électrons diffusés ont été détectés par deux spectromètres permettant de couvrir le domaine cinématique en x Bjorken : 0.014 < x < 0.7 et en quadritransfert carré : 1 GeV2 < Q2 < 17 GeV2 à une valeur moyenne Q2 = 5 GeV2. Deux calorimètres électromagnétiques pris en charge par le LPC de Clermont-Ferrand et le SphN du CEA-Saclay ont été utilisés pour déterminer l'énergie des électrons diffusés et pour rejeter le bruit de fond hadronique. Pour cela, nous avons développé un automate cellulaire et un réseau de neurones, largement décrits dans ce manuscrit. L'analyse de la mesure de la fonction de structure g1n menée à Clermont-Fd et exposée dans ce manuscrit nous a conduit à l'intégrale sur la région mesurée : intégrale (g1n(x)dx, xmin=0.0135, xmax=0.7) = -0.03 +- 0.003 STAT +- 0.004 SYST +- 0.001 EVOL à Q2 = 5 GeV2 où nous avons fait évoluer nos mesures vers Q2 = 5 GeV2 à l'aide des équations d'évolution DGLAP à l'ordre sous-dominant en utilisant une paramétrisation mondiale des distributions de partons polarisées. La règle de somme d'Ellis et Jaffe sur le neutron est clairement violée par nos mesures. Pour les différents extrapolations envisagées à bas x, notre intégrale est compatible avec la règle de somme de Bjorken. Nous avons estimé la contribution du spin des quarks au spin du nucléon à DelatSigma = 29 ± 6 % dans le schéma MS barre et à DeltaSigma = 37 ± 7 % dans le schéma AB, à Q2 = 5 GeV2. La contribution du spin des gluons au spin du nucléon semble positive et comprise entre 0 et 2 à cette échelle.
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Ara?jo, Frederiko Stenio Lu?s Neves de. "Um estudo algor?tmico para otimiza??o do plano de tratamento da radioterapia conformal." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17973.
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Previous issue date: 2006-02-16This work performs an algorithmic study of optimization of a conformal radiotherapy plan treatment. Initially we show: an overview about cancer, radiotherapy and the physics of interaction of ionizing radiation with matery. A proposal for optimization of a plan of treatment in radiotherapy is developed in a systematic way. We show the paradigm of multicriteria problem, the concept of Pareto optimum and Pareto dominance. A generic optimization model for radioterapic treatment is proposed. We construct the input of the model, estimate the dose given by the radiation using the dose matrix, and show the objective function for the model. The complexity of optimization models in radiotherapy treatment is typically NP which justifyis the use of heuristic methods. We propose three distinct methods: MOGA, MOSA e MOTS. The project of these three metaheuristic procedures is shown. For each procedures follows: a brief motivation, the algorithm itself and the method for tuning its parameters. The three method are applied to a concrete case and we confront their performances. Finally it is analyzed for each method: the quality of the Pareto sets, some solutions and the respective Pareto curves
O presente trabalho realiza um Estudo Algor?tmico para Otimiza??o do Plano de Tratamento da Radioterapia Conformal. Inicialmente s?o apresentadas: uma vis?o geral sobre o c?ncer, o tratamento com radioterapia e no??es sobre a intera??o do feixe de radia??es ionizantes com a mat?ria. Uma proposta para Otimiza??o do Plano de Tratamento Radioter?pico ? desenvolvida de modo sistem?tico. ? apresentado o paradigma de problemas multicrit?rio, os conceitos de Pareto otimalidade e Pareto Domin?ncia. Um modelo Gen?rico de Otimiza??o para o Plano de Tratamento Radioter?pico ? proposto. S?o constru?das suas entradas, ? calculada a dose depositada no corpo do paciente atrav?s do conceito de matriz de dose, e ? apresentada a fun??o objetivo deste modelo. A complexidade dos problemas de otimiza??o do tratamento radioter?pico s?o classificados como de complexidade NP, este resultado justifica o desenvolvimento de m?todos heur?sticos para a sua resolu??o. S?o propostas tr?s metaheur?sticas para a Otimiza??o do Plano de Tratamento Radioter?pico: MOGA, MOSA e MOTS de acordo como o modelo gen?rico de otimiza??o proposto. Os projetos desses procedimentos metaheur?sticos s?o devidamente apresentados. Para cada m?todo se faz uma introdu??o liter?ria, dos seus algoritmos e a da metodologia usada para a afina??o dos par?metros. Os m?todos s?o aplicados a um caso concreto e confrontados atrav?s de medidas de performance. Finalmente ? analisado a qualidade dos conjuntos de Pareto produzidos por cada m?todo, s?o exibidas algumas solu??es geradas e as respectivas curvas de Pareto associadas
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Kain, Megan Marie. "Bind, Tether, and Transcend: Achieving Integration Through Extra-Therapeutic Dance." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1466901499.
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Gérald, Sophie. "Méthode de Galerkin Discontinue et intégrations explicites-implicites en temps basées sur un découplage des degrés de liberté : Applications au système des équations de Navier-Stokes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943621.
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En mécanique des fluides numérique, un enjeu est le développement de méthodes d'approximation d'ordre élevé, comme celles de Galerkin Discontinues (GD). Si ces méthodes permettent d'envisager la simulation d'écoulements complexes en alternative aux méthodes usuelles d'ordre deux, elles souffrent cependant d'une forte restriction sur le pas de temps lorsqu'elles sont associées à une discrétisation explicite en temps. Ce travail de thèse consiste à mettre en œuvre une stratégie d'intégration temporelle explicite-implicite efficace, associée à une discrétisation spatiale GD d'ordre élevé, pour les écoulements instationnaires à convection dominante de fluides visqueux compressibles modélisés par le système des équations de Navier-Stokes. La discrétisation spatiale de la méthode GD est associée à des flux numériques de fluides parfaits et visqueux à stencil compact. En présence de frontières matérielles courbes, l'ordre élevé est garanti par la discrétisation du domaine de calcul à l'aide d'une représentation iso-paramétrique. La stratégie d'intégration temporelle repose sur une décomposition d'opérateurs de Strang, où les termes de convection sont résolus explicitement et ceux de diffusion implicitement. Son efficacité résulte d'une simplification du schéma implicite, où le calcul de la matrice implicite est approché avec une méthode sans jacobienne et où les degrés de liberté du schéma sont découplés. De fait, la taille du système linéaire à résoudre et le temps de calcul de la résolution sont significativement réduits. Enfin, la validation et l'évaluation des performances du schéma numérique sont réalisées à travers cinq cas tests bien référencés en deux dimensions d'espace.
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Negrey, Jacob Douglas. "The hormonal and immunological correlates of social dominance in wild male chimpanzees." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/39005.
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In social primates, the acquisition and maintenance of social dominance may augment reproductive success while incurring immunological costs. This trade-off is hypothetically facilitated by hormones that modulate both status-enhancing behavior and immune function. In the three studies comprising this dissertation, I investigated hormonal mechanisms by which social dominance may reflect immune health, testing relationships between behavioral correlates of dominance rank, steroid hormone secretion, and immune activity in wild adult male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Between January 2016 and July 2017, I collected behavioral observations and urine samples from adult males at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda, home to the largest community of habituated wild chimpanzees yet described. In the first study, I assessed behavioral and anatomical mechanisms that may link dominance rank to the secretion of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone. Testosterone was positively correlated with dominance rank and creatinine, a product of muscle catabolism and noninvasive proxy for lean muscle mass. Contrary to expectations, testosterone was negatively correlated with overall rates of aggression, indicating that aggressiveness does not itself account for positive linear correlations between dominance and testosterone in this species. In the second study, I analyzed reproductively salient correlates of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone secreted in response to psychosocial and metabolic demands. Urinary measures of reproductive effort and immune challenge were positively correlated with cortisol, indicating adaptive energy allocation. Furthermore, dominance rank was positively correlated with urinary cortisol when c-peptide of insulin, as a measure of energy intake, was low. This indicates that high ranking males deprioritize energy intake in certain social contexts, including competition for sexually receptive mates. In the third study, I found that although urinary testosterone seemingly diminished immune function, high ranking males were less likely to die from severe acute immune challenge than low ranking conspecifics. My results provide evidence that mating effort increases immune challenge both by increasing testosterone secretion and reallocating energy away from immune function. However, despite the increased mating effort exhibited by high ranking males, social dominance does not incur notable immunological costs. On the contrary, social dominance likely reflects immunocompetence and male quality in nonhuman primates.2021-12-06T00:00:00Z
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"Incidence of Injury in Relation to Limb Dominance in Arizona State University Men's and Women's Gymnastics Teams." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18744.
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abstract: Previous research on gymnastics injuries has examined several differences in the types of injuries and event/location where injury is most likely to occur. This research shows that male gymnasts are more likely to have more upper body injuries compared to lower body injuries whereas female gymnasts are more likely to have lower body injuries. The majority of all gymnastics injuries are sprains that are most likely to occur during the landing phase on the floor exercise during routine performance or competition. Gymnastics injuries are also more prevalent in older gymnasts, like those at the collegiate level. However, there is limited research on the effects of limb dominance on injury occurrence in both male and female gymnasts at the collegiate level. This study was designed to examine the effect of both upper and lower body limb dominance on injury occurrence in Division I male and female gymnasts at Arizona State University during competition season. Thirty-seven subjects were recruited from the Arizona State University Men's and Women's Gymnastics teams. Athletic trainers/coaches from each team were asked to record injury incidence during the 2013 competition season from January through April. Injury type, body location, event of occurrence, and location of injury (practice or competition) were recorded along with the gymnast's upper and lower body limb dominance (right or left). Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant difference between male and female gymnasts in that female gymnasts are more likely to be injured than their male counterparts (P = 0.023). However, there were no significant findings between limb dominance and injury incidence. Limb dominance did not show any relationship with side of injury, but a trend in the data shows that right-sided dominant athletes, both upper and lower body, were more likely to be injured overall than left-sided dominant athletes. A trend in the data also shows that injury is more likely to occur on the floor exercise than any other gymnastics event for both men and women.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Exercise and Wellness 2013
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Dubuc, Constance. "Stratégies de reproduction des mâles et des femelles chez le macaque rhésus (Macaca mulatta)." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6849.
Full textAbstract:
Contrairement à d’autres groupes animaux, chez les primates, la hiérarchie de dominance ne détermine pas systématiquement le succès reproductif des mâles. Afin de comprendre pourquoi, j’ai étudié les stratégies de reproduction des mâles et des femelles dans un groupe de macaques rhésus de la population semi-libre de Cayo Santiago (Porto Rico), collectant des données comportementales, hormonales et génétiques pendant deux saisons de reproduction. Les résultats se résument en cinq points.
1. Les nouveaux mâles qui ont immigré dans le groupe d’étude occupaient tous les rangs les plus subordonnés de la hiérarchie de dominance et ont monté en rang suite au départ de mâles plus dominants. Ainsi, l’acquisition d’un rang supérieur s’est faite passivement, en absence de conflits. Par conséquent, les mâles dominants étaient généralement d’âge mature et avaient résidé plus longtemps dans le groupe que les mâles subordonnés.
2. L’accès des mâles aux femelles est en accord avec le « modèle de la priorité d’accès » selon lequel le nombre de femelles simultanément en œstrus détermine le rang de dominance du mâle le plus subordonné qui peut avoir accès à une femelle (p. ex. le mâle de rang 4 s’il y a quatre femelles en œstrus). Bien que les mâles dominants aient eu plus de partenaires et aient monopolisé les femelles de qualité supérieure (dominance, parité, âge) pendant leur période ovulatoire (identifiée grâce au profil hormonal de la progestérone), le rang de dominance n’a pas déterminé le succès reproductif, les mâles intermédiaires ayant engendré significativement plus de rejetons que prédit. Il est possible que ces jeunes adultes aient produit un éjaculat de meilleure qualité que les mâles dominants d’âge mature, leur donnant un avantage au niveau de la compétition spermatique.
3. Les mâles dominants préféraient les femelles dominantes, mais cette préférence n’était pas réciproque, ces femelles coopérant plutôt avec les mâles intermédiaires, plus jeunes et moins familiers (c.-à-d. courte durée de résidence). Au contraire, les femelles subordonnées ont coopéré avec les mâles dominants. La préférence des femelles pour les mâles non familiers pourrait être liée à l’attrait pour un nouveau bagage génétique.
4. L’intensité de la couleur de la peau du visage des femelles pendant le cycle ovarien était corrélée au moment de la phase ovulatoire, une information susceptible d’être utilisée par les mâles pour maximiser leur probabilité de fécondation.
5. Les femelles retiraient des bénéfices directs de leurs liaisons sexuelles. En effet, les femelles en liaison sexuelle bénéficiaient d’un niveau de tolérance plus élevé de la part de leur partenaire mâle lorsqu’elles étaient à proximité d’une source de nourriture défendable, comparativement aux autres femelles.
En somme, bien que les mâles dominants aient bénéficié d’une priorité d’accès aux femelles fertiles, cela s’est avéré insuffisant pour leur garantir la fécondation de ces femelles parce que celles-ci avaient plusieurs partenaires sexuels. Il semble que l’âge et la durée de résidence des mâles, corrélats de leur mode d’acquisition du rang, aient confondu l’effet du rang de dominance.In contrast to most animal groups, dominance hierarchy does not systematically determine male reproductive success in primates. In order to investigate why, I studied male and female reproductive strategies in a group of free-ranging rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. I collected behavioural, genetic, and hormonal data during two consecutive mating seasons. My results are summarized below. 1. All new males who immigrated into the study group occupied the lowest-ranking position in the dominance hierarchy and rose in rank as the higher-ranking males left the group. Achieving a higher dominance rank occurred passively, without physical conflict. Thus, dominant males were mature individuals who resided longest in the group. 2. Male access to oestrus females followed the predictions of the ‘priority of access’ model, in which the number of females in oestrus determines the rank of the lowest-ranking male who can access a female (e.g. the fourth ranking male if four females are in oestrus). Even though dominant males obtained more mating partners and monopolised higher quality females (dominance, parity, age) during the ovulation window (as identified using progesterone profiles), dominance rank did not determine reproductive success, as intermediate-ranking males sired significantly more infants than predicted. It is likely that those young, intermediate-ranking adult males produced high quality ejaculate, giving them an advantage in sperm competition. 3. Dominant males preferred high-ranking females, but this preference was not reciprocal; high-ranking females cooperated with younger and less familiar intermediate-ranking males. Conversely, subordinate females cooperated with dominant males. Female preference for non-familiar males (i.e. short residency in the group) may be explained by an attraction to a novel genetic pool. 4. Female facial color intensity during the ovarian cycle was correlated with the timing of the ovulation window. This information may be used by males in order to maximize their fertilisation probability. 5. Consort females enjoyed a higher level of tolerance from their male partner when they were in proximity to a monopolisable food source, compared to other, non-consort females. This suggests that females obtained direct benefits from their sexual consorts. In conclusion, even though dominant males had priority access to ovulating females in the group, this was insufficient to guarantee fertilisation when females had several sexual partners. It appears that males’ age and length of residency, both correlates of their rank acquisition mode, may have been confounding factors in dominance rank.
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Lin, Yu-Jen, and 林毓珍. "The impact of dominant and affective communication on patient participation and patient-physician relationship." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54076961865498777779.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國醫藥大學
醫務管理學系碩士班
101
Patient safety is a popular issue of global concern, and patient participation elements to enhance patient safety, how to raise patient participation by encouraging from healthcare provider, is the important subject of medical institution managers. The purpose of the study was investigated the impact of the patient-physician communication on patient participation and the quality of the patient-physician relationship. The sample was collected from 300 outpatient patients from two hospitals (medical center and regional hospital ) which located in central Taiwan . A questionnaire survey was available for data analysis via Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS version 17.0 statistical software that was employed to test the fitness of overall hypothesized model and significance of hypothesized relationships among studied variables. The results showed that affective communication was positive impact on patient participation and patient-physician relationship; dominant communication was negative impact on patient participation and patient-physician relationship; patient participation on patient-physician relationship had a significant positive influence. As a result , this research displayed patient communication trigger the patient participation, and the patient-physician relationship building plays an important role.
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Savard, Antoine. "Stabilité des bulles de masse négative dans un espace-temps de de Sitter." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23817.
Full textAbstract:
L'existence de la masse négative a un sens parfaitement physique du moment que les conditions d'énergie dominante sont satisfaites par le tenseur énergie-impulsion correspondant. Jusqu'à maintenant, seules des configurations de masses négatives avaient été trouvées. On démontre l'existence de bulles de masse négative stables dans un espace-temps qui s'approche asymptotiquement d'un espace-temps de de Sitter. Les bulles sont des solutions aux équations d'Einstein qui correspondent à une région intérieure qui contient une distribution de masse spécifique séparée par une coquille mince de l'espace-temps à masse négative de Schwarzschild-de Sitter à l'extérieur.
Ensuite, on applique les conditions de jonction d'Israel à la frontière de la bulle ce qui impose la conservation d'énergie-impulsion à travers la surface. Les conditions de jonction donnent une équation pour un potentiel pour le rayon de la bulle qui dépend de la distribution de masse à l'intérieur, ou vice versa.
Finalement, on trouve un potentiel qui aboutit à une solution stable, statique et non-singulière, ce qui crée une distribution de masse interne qui satisfait les conditions d'énergie dominante partout à l'intérieur. Cependant, la bulle ne satisfait pas ces conditions. De plus, on trouve une solution stable, statique et non-singulière pour une géométrie interne de de Sitter pure. La solution est fondamentalement différente: elle requiert que la densité d'énergie de la bulle change avec le rayon. La condition d'énergie dominante est satisfaite partout.Negative mass makes perfect physical sense as long as the dominant energy condition is satisfied by the corresponding energy-momentum tensor. Until now, only configurations of negative mass have been found. We demonstrate the existence of stable, negative-mass bubbles in an asymptotic de Sitter space-time. The bubbles are solutions of the Einstein equations which correspond to an interior region of space-time containing a specific distribution of mass separated by a thin wall from the exact, negative mass Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time in the exterior. Then, we apply the Israel junction conditions at the wall which impose the conservation of energy and momentum across the wall. The junction conditions give rise to an effective potential for the radius of the wall that depends on the interior mass distribution, or vice versa. Finally, we find a potential that gives rise to stable, non-singular, static solutions, which yields an interior mass distribution that everywhere satisfies the dominant energy condition. However, the energy momentum of the wall does not satisfy the dominant energy condition. Moreover, we find a stable, non-singular, static solution for a pure de Sitter geometry inside the bubble. The solution is fundamentally different: the energy density of the bubble is no longer a constant, but now varies with the radius. The dominant energy condition is everywhere satisfied.