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Hamadaqa, Emad, Ayoub Mars, and Wael Adi. "Physical Security for Fleet Management Systems." Cryptography 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography4010001.
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Fleet Management (FM) deals with the management of transport, distribution, and logistics of national and international goods exchange, in which many operators worldwide are involved. Fleet management involves many security-relevant participating entities, such as vehicles, FM mobile clients, smart trackers with goods, drivers, etc. Existing automated fleet management systems are basically vulnerable to physical replacement attacks when managed by mass-produced electronic identities. Analog Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) failed to serve as unclonable electronic identities due to being costly, unstable and inefficient for such mass-usage. We propose in this paper to deploy the Secret Unknown Ciphers (SUCs) techniques introduced a decade ago as digital low-cost clone-resistant identities to be embedded in selected participating electronic Fleet Management System (FMS) units. SUCs, as stable self-created digital modules to be embedded in future smart non-volatile (NV)-FPGA devices, are expected to cover all emerging FMS physical security requirements. Such information-retaining units (when switched-off) are emerging to become widely used as ultra-low-power mass-products in automotive environment. We propose a new FMS security architecture based on embedding SUC modules in each security-relevant entity in the FMS such as vehicles, mobile clients, smart trackers and goods. This paper investigates the expected technical impacts when using SUCs technology as physical security anchors in a standard FMS configuration. Several SUC-related generic security protocols adapted to the FM environment show how to securely-link tracing of goods, tracks routing, and personnel in such FM system. It is also shown how to combine other biometric fingerprints to simplify personal liability and enhance the security management in such globally-operating automated procedures. The presented security analysis of the resulting FMS shows that the major security concerns in existing FMSs can be resolved. One major advantage of SUC technique, is that device-manufacturers can be largely-excluded as security players. The FPGA technology required for the SUC solution is currently not available and is thought for future use. The concept is ultimately applicable if the future electronic mass products would deploy self-reconfiguring non-volatile (flash-based) System on Chip smart units. Such units are expected to dominate future Internet of Things (IoT) ultra-low-energy applications, as power-off does not lose any information. The proposed SUC strategy is highly flexible, scalable, and applicable to cover a large class of globally operating protection mechanisms similar to those of the addressed FMS scenarios.
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Saintilan, Neil, and Kerrylee Rogers. "The significance and vulnerability of Australian saltmarshes: implications for management in a changing climate." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 1 (2013): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12212.
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We review the distribution, status and ecology of Australian saltmarshes and the mechanisms whereby enhanced atmospheric carbon dioxide and associated climate change have influenced and will influence the provision of ecosystem goods and services. Research in temperate and subtropical saltmarsh has demonstrated important trophic contributions to estuarine fisheries, mediated by the synchronised mass-spawning of crabs, which feed predominantly on the C4 saltmarsh grass Sporobolus virginicus and microphytobenthos. Saltmarshes also provide unique feeding and habitat opportunities for several species of threatened microbats and birds, including migratory shorebirds. Saltmarshes increased in extent relative to mangrove in Australia in both tide- and wave-dominated geomorphic settings through the latter Holocene, although historic trends have seen a reversal of this trend. Australian saltmarshes have some capacity to maintain elevation with respect to rising sea level, although in south-eastern Australia, the encroachment of mangrove and, in Tasmania, conversion of shrubland to herbfield in the past half-century are consistent with changes in relative sea level. Modelling of the impacts of projected sea-level rise, incorporating sedimentation and other surface-elevation drivers, suggests that the survival of saltmarsh in developed estuaries will depend on the flexible management of hard structures and other impediments to wetland retreat.
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Malairajan, R. A., K. Ganesh, M. Punnniyamoorthy, and S. P. Anbuudayasankar. "Decision Support System for Real Time Vehicle Routing in Indian Dairy Industry: A Case Study." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 6, no. 4 (October 2013): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2013100105.
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In today’s highly competitive and demanding environment, the pressure on both public and private organizations is to achieve a better way to deliver values to end customers. There has been a growing recognition that the two goals, cost reduction and customer service are achieved through Logistics and Supply Chain Management (SCM). Transportation of goods continues an important part of in-bound as well as outbound logistics of Supply Chain Management (SCM). Efficient distribution of goods and services is of great importance in today’s competitive market, because transportation constitutes a considerable portion of the purchase price of most products or services. Vehicle routing is considered as an important resource in a distribution logistics management system. Effective plan and control of vehicle operation can significantly reduce the cost of physical distribution system. To overcome the challenges of changing environment, the scheme of vehicle control of a physical distribution system should be dynamic. Thus India has become the top milk producing country in the world. This study addresses the vehicle routing aspect of distribution logistics in Sangam dairy supply chain of Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh. The problem is viewed as Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls (VRPB) and a mathematical model is developed with the consideration of various practical constraints. Moreover, a decision support system is developed for dynamic VRPB, which would help the manager in making operational and tactical decisions.
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Velarde Cantú, José Manuel, Alfredo Bueno Solano, Ernesto Alonso Lagarda Leyva, and Mauricio Lopez Acosta. "Optimization of territories and transport routes for hazardous products in a distribution network." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 10, no. 4 (October 26, 2017): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2107.
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In a system of distribution of products are involved in different factors that determine their efficiency, profitability or optimal state, among these factors is the type of goods to be collected or delivered, it must also be considered the physical-chemical composition, hazard index to transport etc., in this sense, exist different standards for collection, delivery and transportation of such material causing with it an increase in operating costs associated with territory design and planning of distribution routes, the current paper present a general model based in mixed integer programming which integrates both problems, seeking to minimize the total distance traveled by the vehicle in each territory. It should be noted that one of the main features of this model is that it only considers the collection of goods in the distribution network which gives us the opportunity to offer low-cost solutions in terms of time and quality, addressing the specific and general characteristics of the emerging markets in Mexico
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Tannar, Oryza. "Analysis Risk Management of Procurement System Goods/Services (Study Case in PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PERSERO." Journal of Economics, Business, and Government Challenges 2, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ebgc.v2i1.62.
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Procurement is expected to be carried out effectively and efficiently with the principles of fair competition, transparent ,opened and fair treatment for all parties, in accordance with Peraturan Presiden Nomor 54 Tahun 2010 on Government Procurement is an activity to obtain goods and services by the Ministry/Institutions/Regional Working Units/other Institutions starting from the planning process needs to be disclosed all activities to obtain goods and services. As the development of an increasingly modern era, the government infrastructure was varied to keep track of and adapted to the needs of the government. The procurement of goods and services financed by the budget of revenues and expenditures country / region. This study focuses on government procurement of goods and services made in the area of PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PERSERO) Distribusi Jawa Timur Area Pelayanan dan Jaringan Surabaya Selatan (PT. PLN Disjatim) by using the historical approach, sociological approach, institutional approaches, legal and political approach to development based on risk management. The data in this study were obtained by physical or direct data approach with several parties and employees concerned with the procurement of goods and services within the state electricity distribution company of the Eastern Java. The results of this study include the procurement of goods and services in the state electricity company disjatim generally been in accordance with the systems and mechanisms that have been defined in the Peraturan Presiden 54 Tahun 2010 on Government Procurement. However, once studied and reviewed more deeply there are some constraints and the presence of fraudulent behavior committed by the procurement committee and procurement participants and parties involved in the procurement of goods and services.
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Post, Alexandra L., Ted J. Wassenberg, and Vicki Passlow. "Physical surrogates for macrofaunal distributions and abundance in a tropical gulf." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 5 (2006): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05182.
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The characterisation of benthic habitats based on their abiotic (physical and chemical) attributes remains poorly defined in the marine environment, but is becoming increasingly central in the development of marine management plans in Australia and elsewhere in the world. The current study tested this link between physical and biological datasets for the southern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. The results presented were based on a range of physical factors, including the sediment composition (grain size and carbonate content), sediment mobility, water depth and organic carbon flux, and their relationship to the distribution and diversity of benthic macrofauna was tested. The results reveal the importance of process-based indices, such as sediment mobility, in addition to other environmental factors in defining the distribution of the benthic macrofauna. The distribution of the benthic macrofauna changes gradationally across the south-eastern Gulf, associated with changes in the per cent mud and gravel, the seabed exposure and the water depth. Patterns of diversity also reveal the importance of physical processes such as sediment mobility in defining benthic habitats. The species–environment relationships observed at the small scale of the current study are consistent with broader associations observed for other organisms within the Gulf.
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Apostolov, Igor. "Warehouse in physical distribution system. Warehouse and its location choosing. International systems of warehouse rating." Current Economic Trends 2, no. 1 (September 25, 2022): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55030/2713-0266-2022-2-1-8-19.
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The subject of the study is the functional and classification features of warehouse management in modern supply chains (logistics chains). The purpose of the work: based on classical approaches to the classification and methods of choosing the optimal warehouse system, to develop the author’s concept of physical distribution of goods system. This concept hinges on a synergistic effect with a combination of functional, technical and specialized features. The methodological base rests on the fundamental works by Jeroen Peter van den Berg, Paul R. Murphy, and Edward Frazelli, further developed by Richards Gwynn and O.B. Malikov; the parameters, elaborated by Knight Frank, are employed. The scientific novelty and relevance of the study are confirmed by the fact that combining traditional and new approaches to the methodology of building a warehousing system, the structure of a logistics system that is maximally adaptive for modern ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is disclosed.
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Kirillova, L. K. "Conceptual foundations of multi-channel distribution of goods." Problemy sovershenstvovaniya organizatsii proizvodstva i upravleniya promyshlennymi predpriyatiyami: Mezhvuzovskii sbornik nauchnykh trudov, no. 1 (2022): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/op-mie-2022.1-pp.152.
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Martins, Jo M., and Godfrey Isouard. "Managers of Health Services in Australia 2006-2016." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 13, no. 3 (December 16, 2018): i26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v13i3.125.
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Purpose: Activity in health services is expanding faster than population growth and that of the production of all goods and services in Australia. This paper is concerned with the number and characteristics of its managers in relation to the number of people employed and resources used. It also assesses different trends in hospitals and other medical and health services.
Methodology/Design: Design of the analyses follows specifications set by the authors for tabulations prepared by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) from the censuses of population conducted by ABS in 2006 and 2016.
Analysis: Assesses changes in the number and variations in the characteristics of managers of hospitals and medical and other health services, in relation to the number of people employed, contrasted with changes in all industries.
Findings: There are different trends in hospitals and medical and other health services, with a decline in the number of employees per manager in medical and other health services and a slight rise in hospitals. The older average age of health service managers continued to rise, similarly to that for all industries. The proportion of female managers in health services, below the average for all employees, increased somewhat during the decade. The distribution among the various fields of study remained about the same; but level of education, higher than the average for all industries continued to rise.The growth in average income of managers during the decade was somewhat lower than in all industries, due to a lower increase rate in medical and other health services. The proportion of managers of indigenous status rose substantially – almost double the proportion in all industries.
Implications: The findings are of relevance to those concerned with the management of health services and training of the growing number of managers of health services in Australia.
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Ala‐Risku, Timo, Mikko Kärkkäinen, and Jan Holmström. "Evaluating the Applicability of Merge‐in‐transit." International Journal of Logistics Management 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574090310806602.
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The physical distribution of goods is one of the key success factors in fast moving markets. Many companies are involved in the search for efficient distribution alternatives, as the lead times for customer order fulfillment need to be shortened while the costs and risks of warehousing need to be minimized. Merge‐in‐transit is a distribution model where several shipments originating at different dispatching locations are consolidated into one customer delivery, without inventories at the consolidation points. This removes the need for distribution warehouses in the supply chain, and allows the customers to receive complete deliveries for their orders. However, no guidelines are available for logistics managers on how to evaluate the applicability of merge‐in‐transit operations for their particular business situation. This paper presents a systematic procedure for the evaluation of merge‐in‐transit distribution in a specific supply chain of a company. The procedure is based on recent research on activity‐based costing models in distribution operations. Additionally, the paper clearly defines merge‐in‐transit and makes a distinction between it and cross‐docking with which it is often confused.
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Shaytura, S. V., L. A. Olenev, A. A. Nedelkin, A. M. Minitaeva, K. V. Ordov, and V. M. Feoktistova. "Blockchain in Technogenic Safety and Risk Management." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 11, no. 12 (December 25, 2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae1221_08.
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The study aimed to analyze the possibilities of using blockchain technology to ensure technogenic safety and risk management. The article shows the relevance of using blockchain technology in risk management in such areas of activity as the Internet of Things and systems for tracking technogenic situations. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, a characteristic of blockchain technology, the relationship between blockchain technology, cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things, as well as the possibilities of using blockchain technology in managing risks and manmade situations, are given. Classification of general blockchain risks that can affect a blockchain project is given. The need for the legal regulation of cyber risks associated with the use of blockchain technology is shown. It is concluded that the use of blockchain technology allows one to fully control the spatial movement of the manufactured goods. In combination with spatial positioning technologies, it eliminates the possibility of theft and leads to a decrease in the costs of controlling the distribution of products and an increase in the level of trust between participants in the exchange process. Keywords— blockchain, cryptographic methods, technogenic safety, risk management, cyber-physical systems.
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Baena-Rojas, Jose Jaime, and Jose Alejandro Cano. "TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATION OF COSTS AND PRICES IN CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS BASED ON INCOTERMS®." Acta logistica 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v9i2.291.
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The settlement of costs and prices in international business is an essential aspect of the competitiveness of internationalized companies. In this way, the "International Commercial Terms" (Incoterms)® as rules for the involved parties to a contract of international sale of goods become strategic, not only to define the conditions of delivery of the goods but also to define the value of an export according to the point of delivery within the international physical distribution chain. This study presents a detailed example of the costs derived from an international sale and purchase process, considering different databases published on the Internet, and provides a technique to simulate the value of each Incoterm 2020 rule. The results indicate the estimated prices for an export case from Colombia to the United States for containerized cargo. It is concluded that this technique facilitates the planning of the international sale and purchase, allowing to know the export values for each Incoterm, besides presenting an innovative model adaptable for other goods.
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Tennant, D., G. Scholz, J. Dixon, and B. Purdie. "Physical and chemical characteristics of duplex soils and their distribution in the south-west of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920827.
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Duplex soils are widespread in Western Australia and occupy about 60% of the south-west agricultural area. The physical and chemical properties of these soils reflect their origin as erosional surfaces of old laterite profiles and the predominance of underlying, quartz-rich, granitic materials. The resulting combination of high contents of quartz sand, kaolin clay, and iron and aluminium oxides has important consequences on water-holding capacity, fertility, nutrient leaching, phosphate fixation, anion and cation exchange capacity, and buffering capacity. These soils are generally held to have a number of physical and chemical problems. Among these, low fertility and low permeability of the clay B horizon have greatest effect. While data on the chemical properties of these soils are limited, significant data sets on the physical properties of duplex soils are available from several studies of catchment hydrology. These studies reflect concern with runoff, waterlogging, and the development of secondary salinisation. Depth to clay varies from 5 to >100 cm. The shallower depths (10-40 cm) predominate and, in medium and high rainfall areas, combine with low permeability in the clay to result in widespread waterlogging. Commonly, the sand surface can be hardsetting and can have high strength from structural decline, from the presence of cementing agents, and from traffic effects. Sodicity is widespread and has effects on hardsetting in the A horizon and on permeability of the B horizon. Management strategies are available to treat some of these problems, but generally, much has yet to be done to develop sustainable agricultural systems on these soils.
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Kościółek, Szczepan. "Determinants of Demand for Physical Activity among Students in Krakow." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 74, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2017-0009.
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AbstractThe low level of physical activity amongst Poles is not only a social problem, but also a big challenge for commercial organizations. The aim of the thesis was to determine indicating factors influencing the maximum price that students are prone to pay for physical activity. The research was based on the opinions of 398 respondents (students from Krakow’s academies). A Chi-square test of independence was used to compare the distribution of the observed variables with their theoretical distribution.The test results show that the maximum price that students are prone to pay for a single admission ticket and for a monthly pass for participating in physical activity is correlated with the price of complementary goods, participation in free and paid kinesthetic forms of recreation, and their main subject of study. In the case of the decision to purchase monthly passes (as opposed to a ticket for single admission), the student’s income and motivation to exercise are also important. On the other hand, declarative price is not influenced by the gender and former sports activity of interviewees.
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Småros, Johanna, Jan Holmström, and Vesa Kämäräinen. "New Service Opportunities in the E‐grocery Business." International Journal of Logistics Management 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574090010806065.
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Currently, efforts in the e‐grocery business focus on improving the purchase transaction and physical distribution of goods. However, simply improving ordering and fulfillment does not make e‐grocery shopping a viable competitor to the current supermarket business model. To become a profitable growth business, the e‐grocers have to offer their customers more value. It is not enough to offer customers a range of physical products. A range of new meaningful services is also needed. This article investigates how such new, breakthrough services can be developed. A framework for systematically examining customer demand and identifying corresponding services is presented. The importance of the e‐grocer being able to offer the right mix of services to meet the customers' individual and changing needs is demonstrated. Concrete examples of both new services and a service mix are described.
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Anankina, J. A., and A. E. Erina. "Analysis of Logistic Flows of Mashine Manufacturing." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law 13, no. 2 (2013): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2013-13-2-210-214.
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Introduction. The globalization character of the Russian economy requires the design of an effective transport and logistic infrastructure. If a transport complex is provided with a rolling stock with the application of quantitative and qualitative characteristics, it determines the rendered logistic service level. The high level of the logistic service quality promotes the effective physical distribution of production. Purpose: to analyze the logistic flows of R&D results at mechanical engineering enterprises for management rationalization of the procurement activity of an enterprise. Methods. The authors used an information array of the condition of a transport complex. Its statistical processing on the basis of a logical method comprised the evidence base and allowed considering the situation on the vehicle market for the organization of transportations and development of the turnover of goods. Results. The procurement activity of the Russian transport complex was considered using such criteria as the owners of vehicles and market operators. The goods turnover structure is given. Factors used for forecasting of the railway vehicle flows for goods transportation are shown. Conclusion. Our analysis of R&D results in the sphere of transport mechanical engineering will form a basis for decision making on improvement of the purchases process with regard to the quantitative and qualitative requirements and the commercial interests of the vehicle owners. It will also allow designing optimal routes and a technology of goods transportation.
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Pagano, Alessandro, Irene Pluchinotta, Raffaele Giordano, and Umberto Fratino. "Integrating “Hard” and “Soft” Infrastructural Resilience Assessment for Water Distribution Systems." Complexity 2018 (June 14, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3074791.
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Cities are highly dynamic systems, whose resilience is affected by the interconnectedness between “hard” and “soft” infrastructures. “Hard infrastructures” are the functional networks with physical elements providing goods or services. “Soft infrastructures” (culture, governance, and social patterns) encompass the social networks, make the hard infrastructures work, and are vital for understanding the consequences of disasters and the effectiveness of emergency management. Although the dynamic interactions between such infrastructures are highly complex in the case of the occurrence of hazardous events, it is fundamental to analyze them. The reliability of hard infrastructures during emergency management contributes to keep alive the social capital, while the community, its networks, and its own resilience influence the service provided by infrastructural systems. Resilience-thinking frameworks overcome the limits of the traditional engineering-oriented approaches, accounting for complexity of socio-technical-organizational networks, bridging the static and dynamic components of disasters across pre- and postevent contexts. The present work develops an integrated approach to operatively assess resilience for the hard and soft infrastructural systems, aiming at modeling the complexity of their interaction by adopting a graph theory-based approach and social network analysis. The developed approach has been experimentally implemented for assessing the integrated resilience of the hard/soft infrastructures during the L’Aquila 2009 earthquake.
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Hampton, Jordan O., Neal A. Finch, Kurt Watter, Matthew Amos, Tony Pople, Andrew Moriarty, Andrew Jacotine, et al. "A review of methods used to capture and restrain introduced wild deer in Australia." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17047.
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Six non-native deer species have established wild populations in Australia, and most are expanding in distribution and abundance. There is therefore increasing focus on the need to understand and manage these species. Capturing and immobilising wild deer is essential for many research and management applications, but the best methods for doing this have not been identified for the Australian situation. To address this knowledge gap, we systematically reviewed methods used to physically capture and chemically immobilise the six wild deer species in Australia. A variety of physical and chemical restraint methods have been used to capture wild deer in Australia, but these have seldom been reported in peer-reviewed publications. Physical capture methods have employed a variety of trapping and netting configurations. Some chemical immobilisation approaches have used oral baiting, but most have relied on darting of free-ranging animals or hand-injection of physically restrained deer. There is uncertainty about the efficacy and animal welfare impacts of the techniques currently used to capture wild deer in Australia. Improved reporting of capture outcomes would facilitate the identification of ‘best practice’ techniques for capturing wild deer in Australian environments.
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Reutter, Beatriz, Paul A. Lant, and Joe L. Lane. "Direct and indirect water use within the Australian economy." Water Policy 20, no. 6 (September 24, 2018): 1227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.055.
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Abstract We present the first analysis of water use in the Australian economy to account for inter-state trade, exports and consumption patterns, across all economic sectors and incorporating a temporal analysis. This is achieved by using the environmentally extended input-output technique, combining state-level input-output and water accounts from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results show that the three big eastern economies (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland) rely mostly on water used within their jurisdictions. Approximately one-third of water consumption is for exported commodities, with the biggest export flows of virtual water being associated with agricultural production. Comparing results across the years (2000–2011), the water consumption associated with the provision of goods and services has decreased by 32% for exports, and by 38% for domestic markets. To date in Australia, the focus for improved trans-boundary water management (within Australia) has been on improved mechanisms for sharing physical allocation of water; these results provide the trans-boundary economic dependencies related to water availability. Recent innovations in the compilation of economic input-output models create an opportunity to progress this analysis, exploring in detail the economy–water interlinkages. It is our intention that the paper shows the value of analysing water flows using the multi-regional input-output techniques.
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Anderson, Dean M., Rick E. Estell, Jerry L. Holechek, Shanna Ivey, and Geoffrey B. Smith. "Virtual herding for flexible livestock management – a review." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 3 (2014): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13092.
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Free-ranging livestock play a pivotal role globally in the conversion of plant tissue into products and services that support man’s many and changing lifestyles. With domestication came the task of providing livestock with an adequate plane of nutrition while simultaneously managing vegetation for sustainable production. Attempting to meld these two seemingly opposing management goals continues to be a major focus of rangeland research. Demand for multiple goods and services from rangelands today requires that livestock production make the smallest possible ‘negative hoof-print’. Advancements in global navigation satellite system, geographic information systems, and electronic/computing technologies, coupled with improved understanding of animal behaviour, positions virtual fencing (VF) as an increasingly attractive option for managing free-ranging livestock. VF offers an alternative to conventional fencing by replacing physical barriers with sensory cues to control an animal’s forward movement. Currently, audio and electrical stimulation are the cues employed. When VF becomes a commercial reality, manual labour will be replaced in large part with cognitive labour for real-time prescription-based livestock distribution management that is robust, accurate, precise and flexible. The goal is to manage rangeland ecosystems optimally for soils, plants, herbivores in addition to the plant and animal’s microflora. However, maximising the benefits of VF will require a paradigm shift in management by using VF as a ‘virtual herder’ rather than simply as a tool to manage livestock within static physical barriers.
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Awwal, Muhammad Al Faridho, and Dewi Wahyu Setyo Rini. "Remain Results of Network Retail Transactions: Potential Charity in Indonesia." IQTISHODUNA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/iqtishoduna.v9i1.467.
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In the modern market or what is usually known as retail chains, most goods are sold with non-rounded price which creates price differences that cannot be translated into any physical value of printed money. The accumulated price differences are usually donated into charities which are managed by certain companies. However, it makes people worried about any indications of management overlap between charity donations and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) due to the intransparency of datas in terms of their financial managements.Not to mention, the unfair distribution of the donation money only resulted into donation receipients that are very centralized in some areas. Therefore, using conceptual research method with qualitative datas and strong references we try to observe this problem so that this uneasiness of the society about any overlap of CSR distribution and the charity money from consumers can be put into rest.
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Mashum, AM Hafidz, Marlina Marlina, Marlina Marlina, Marlina Marlina, and Marlina Marlina. "Nusantara Syariah Economy (Construction of Economic Cooperation between the Indonesian Muslim Community)." IQTISHODUNA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/iqtishoduna.v9i2.490.
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In the modern market or what is usually known as retail chains, most goods are sold with non-rounded price which creates price differences that cannot be translated into any physical value of printed money. The accumulated price differences are usually donated into charities which are managed by certain companies. However, it makes people worried about any indications of management overlap between charity donations and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) due to the intransparency of datas in terms of their financial managements.Not to mention, the unfair distribution of the donation money only resulted into donation receipients that are very centralized in some areas. Therefore, using conceptual research method with qualitative datas and strong references we try to observe this problem so that this uneasiness of the society about any overlap of CSR distribution and the charity money from consumers can be put into rest.
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Paavola, Jouni. "From market failure paradigm to an institutional theory of environmental governance." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (September 2009): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2009-001006.
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- This manuscript examines how an institutional theory of environmental governance might be based on a re-interpretation and re-working of the arguments of the market failure paradigm and its main criticisms. The manuscript first examines in detail the arguments of the market failure paradigm regarding externalities and public goods, as well as their criticisms. The paper then suggests an institutional re-interpretation and revision of the key arguments of the market failure paradigm. The institutional theory of environmental governance acknowledges the interdependence of economic actors and the resulting fundamental role of conflicts as the rationale for environmental governance and its institutions. As environmental conflicts are primarily a matter of distribution rather than of efficiency, it becomes important to understand the likely consequences of institutional alternatives in the specific socio-economic and physical setting of the environmental conflicts, and the degree to which these consequences match with the pertinent social or economic goals.Keywords: environmental governance, market failure, externalities, public goods, welfare economics, institutional economicsJEL classifications: Q50; H41; D62; B52
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손종원 and 나승화. "The Effect on Retro-Direction Physical Distribution and the Management Outcome of Manufacturing Industry by Eco-Friendly Act and the Act of Returning Goods of Chinese Customers." Korea International Accounting Review ll, no. 22 (June 2008): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21073/kiar.2008..22.013.
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Eldridge, David J., and Santiago Soliveres. "Are shrubs really a sign of declining ecosystem function? Disentangling the myths and truths of woody encroachment in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 7 (2014): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14137.
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Since European settlement, there has been a dramatic increase in the density, cover and distribution of woody plants in former grassland and open woodland. There is a widespread belief that shrub encroachment is synonymous with declines in ecosystem functions, and often it is associated with landscape degradation or desertification. Indeed, this decline in ecosystem functioning is considered to be driven largely by the presence of the shrubs themselves. This prevailing paradigm has been the basis for an extensive program of shrub removal, based on the view that it is necessary to reinstate the original open woodland or grassland structure from which shrublands are thought to have been derived. We review existing scientific evidence, particularly focussed on eastern Australia, to question the notion that shrub encroachment leads to declines in ecosystem functions. We then summarise this scientific evidence into two conceptual models aimed at optimising landscape management to maximise the services provided by shrub-encroached areas. The first model seeks to reconcile the apparent conflicts between the patch- and landscape-level effects of shrubs. The second model identifies the ecosystem services derived from different stages of shrub encroachment. We also examined six ecosystem services provided by shrublands (biodiversity, soil C, hydrology, nutrient provision, grass growth and soil fertility) by using published and unpublished data. We demonstrated the following: (1) shrub effects on ecosystems are strongly scale-, species- and environment-dependent and, therefore, no standardised management should be applied to every case; (2) overgrazing dampens the generally positive effect of shrubs, leading to the misleading relationship between encroachment and degradation; (3) woody encroachment per se does not hinder any of the functions or services described above, rather it enhances many of them; (4) no single shrub-encroachment state (including grasslands without shrubs) will maximise all services; rather, the provision of ecosystem goods and services by shrublands requires a mixture of different states; and (5) there has been little rigorous assessment of the long-term effectiveness of removal and no evidence that this improves land condition in most cases. Our review provides the basis for an improved, scientifically based understanding and management of shrublands, so as to balance the competing goals of providing functional habitats, maintaining soil processes and sustaining pastoral livelihoods.
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Končar, Jelena, Aleksandar Grubor, Radenko Marić, Sonja Vučenović, and Goran Vukmirović. "Setbacks to IoT Implementation in the Function of FMCG Supply Chain Sustainability during COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 7391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187391.
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One of the basic measures of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is a lockdown policy with reduced contacts and physical distance. This presents a challenge, especially for fast-moving-consumer-goods (FMCG) supply chains, which are characterized by a large number of physical contacts between employees in production, physical distribution, wholesale, and retail. One of the ways to comply with the prescribed measures with the smooth functioning of the supply chain is the complete digitalization and automation of all business activities and operations based on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT). In this regard, this paper aims to analyze the setbacks to the digitalization of business processes and the sustainability of the FMCG supply chain based on the implementation of IoT. The research has been conducted among the participants in the standardization chain in the sectors of production, physical distribution, wholesale, and retail of FMCG in the Western Balkans region during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed significant differences between business sectors in terms of the intensity of setbacks to successful IoT implementation. Based on the obtained results, a set of measures and incentives was proposed that the competent institutions and the management of the FMCG supply chain should apply to encourage the digitalization process. Suggestions for future research are given in the paper.
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Lalou, Panagiota, Stavros T. Ponis, and Orestis K. Efthymiou. "Demand Forecasting of Retail Sales Using Data Analytics and Statistical Programming." Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2020-0012.
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AbstractForecasting the demand of network of retail sales is a rather challenging task, especially nowadays where integration of online and physical store orders creates an abundance of data that has to be efficiently stored, analyzed, understood and finally, become ready to be acted upon in a very short time frame. The challenge becomes even bigger for added-value third party logistics (3PL) operators, since in most cases and demand forecasting aside, they are also responsible for receiving, storing and breaking inbound quantities from suppliers, consolidating and picking retail orders and finally plan and organize shipments on a daily basis. This paper argues that data analytics can play a critical role in contemporary logistics and especially in demand data management and forecasting of retail distribution networks. The main objective of the research presented in this paper is to showcase how data analytics can support the 3PL decision making process on replenishing the network stores, thus improving inventory management in both Distribution Centre (DC) and retail outlet levels and the workload planning of human resources and DC automations. To do so, this paper presents the case of a Greek 3PL provider fulfilling physical store and online orders on behalf of a large sporting goods importer operating a network of 129 stores in five different countries. The authors utilize the power of ‘R’, a statistical programming language, which is well-equipped with a multitude of libraries for this purpose, to compare demand forecasting methods and identify the one producing the smallest forecast error.
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Ehrenthal, Joachim C. F., Thomas W. Gruen, and Joerg S. Hofstetter. "Value attenuation and retail out-of-stocks." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 44, no. 1/2 (March 3, 2014): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-02-2013-0028.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the effects of retail out-of-stocks from a service-dominant (S-D) logic view. Design/methodology/approach – Conceptual, combining classic S-D logic research with recent research of S-D logic in supply chains, and applying this to out-of-stocks in a retail setting of fast-moving consumer goods. Findings – The paper unveils out-of-stocks as emergent operant resources that alter and attenuate value creation across manufacturers, retailers, shoppers, users and their networks. The paper develops a model of value co-creation where manufacturer supply and shopper/user demand meet in the retailer ' s realm. Differentiating between shopper and user in a sequential model of value creation, it identifies the shopper as an active entity whose response to out-of-stocks redistributes value within the retail service ecosystem. An additional model is developed that illustrates the novel costs of an out-of-stock as uncovered by the S-D logic perspective, allowing retailers and manufacturers to align their interests in improving on-shelf availability. Research limitations/implications – Moving distribution thought and management towards a goal of service provision, this article suggests three logistics research possibilities: retailer-manufacturer misalignment, spatio-temporal supply-demand mismatch, and shopper-user interaction. Practical implications – This article shows how the S-D perspective can bring previously misaligned incentives of supply chain actors into alignment. Previous goods-dominant research showed little common ground for manufacturers and retailers to jointly improve on-shelf availability. The S-D logic view demonstrates compelling rationale for both parties ' involvement. Originality/value – The paper extends S-D logic literature by considering value attenuation through failures in physical distribution and logistics management, adding that non-availability causes operand resources to become operant and attenuate/redistribute value. The paper extends the out-of-stock literature by providing a theoretical foundation, and by showing the ecosystem effects of out-of-stocks.
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Reade, Carol. "Human resource management implications of terrorist threats to firms in the supply chain." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 39, no. 6 (July 10, 2009): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600030910985820.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employee sensitivity to terrorism and employee attitudes in supply chain firms located in an environment with ongoing terrorist threat. Implications for human resource management in supply chain firms and future directions for research are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on questionnaire data collected from 898 managers in Sri Lanka. Included in the paper are manufacturing and service firms that constitute integral parts of global supply chains such as garment and textile firms, software solutions firms, and import‐export trading firms. Correlation analysis is used to examine the relationship between variables.FindingsThe results generally indicate a statistically significant negative relationship between employee sensitivity to terrorism and employee attitudes toward the organization, team, and job. Results vary by sector and industry, with a comparatively strong negative association between employee sensitivity to terrorism and employee attitudes in the service sector, particularly among employees in import‐export trading firms.Originality/valueThis paper is among the first to examine the relationship between terrorism and employee work attitudes in supply chain firms. While the direct effects of terrorism on the supply chain have been well documented, such as disruption to the physical distribution of goods, much less is known about the indirect effects of terrorism on supply chain performance.
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Gerritse, RG. "Simulation of phosphate leaching in acid sandy soils." Soil Research 27, no. 1 (1989): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890055.
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Prediction of changes in amounts of phosphate leaching from soils with changes in management practices requires a detailed knowledge of the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the soils for phosphate. Non-equilibrium soil distribution of inorganic phosphate was determined at various rates of flow from time courses of phosphate in the leachates of small columns of sandy soils sampled from the Swan Coastal Plain in south-west Western Australia. Equilibrium distribution isotherms were estimated by extrapolating to zero rate of flow. Time courses of phosphate concentrations in the leachates were also calculated with a numerical compartmental simulation model. First-order transport rate equations with time-dependent rate coefficients adequately described the experimental time courses of the leachate concentrations. Kinetic parameters were based on a consideration of the physical/chemical distribution of ortho-phosphate only. The error due to this approach was evaluated by measuring the (biochemical) fixation of phosphate in soil organic matter.
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N. Maitland, R., I. R. Lawler, and J. K. Sheppard. "Assessing the risk of boat strike on Dugongs Dugong dugon at Burrum Heads, Queensland, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 4 (2006): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060321.
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The risk of mortality due to boat strike is increasingly being recognized as an important management issue for marine wildlife, including Dugongs Dugong dugon. Ameliorating the effects of boat strike requires assessment of how that risk varies over the management area. This is dependent on the distribution and movements of both Dugongs and boats and on the physical characteristics of the area, particularly depth. In this study we assess these features for a small community that is dependent on tourism centred around recreational fishing and which is home to a regionally significant Dugong population. During one of the most popular holiday times, boats accessing the favoured fishing site pass directly through the core area of Dugong activity. Our data show that boat strike risk to Dugongs can be lowered significantly with minimal imposition on boaters. Boaters can avoid the area of highest risk by travelling around it in deeper water. However, this straightforward solution is only possible because of the restricted spatial scale of Dugong activity and the proximity of a deepwater channel enabling boaters to easily avoid shallow areas where boat strike risk is highest.
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Cheah, Isaac, Ian Phau, Calvin Chong, and Anwar Sadat Shimul. "Antecedents and outcomes of brand prominence on willingness to buy luxury brands." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 19, no. 4 (September 14, 2015): 402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-03-2015-0028.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of brand prominence on willingness to buy luxury brands. It also aims to investigate the direct and moderating roles of luxury brand values, social influence and vanity on willingness to buy luxury brands. Design/methodology/approach – A convenience sampling method was employed. Survey questionnaires were distributed by mall intercept to quasi-random samples in downtown Perth, Western Australia for completion and return. The return yielded 779 usable questionnaires, the data from which were analysed using SPSS 22. Findings – The findings support the influence of brand prominence on purchase intention for luxury brands. It has also been found that social influence has a significant influence on physical vanity and willingness to buy luxury brands. However, some relationships with and isolations from the earlier studies have been identified. Practical implications – This study provides some meaningful insights for marketing managers regarding brands prominence that they can use in better understanding the consumers’ intention to buy luxury products. A luxury goods manufacturer may want to be cautious to not over popularize its trademark for short-term gains. There must be a delicate balance between the uses of prominent and subtle signals in luxury branding in order to maintain value as a prestigious label. Originality/value – Previous studies have mainly focused on the antecedents of willingness to buy luxury brands, whereas this paper incorporates the construct of brand prominence, adding new insights into the construct.
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Malerba, Martino E., Nicholas Wright, and Peter I. Macreadie. "A Continental-Scale Assessment of Density, Size, Distribution and Historical Trends of Farm Dams Using Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020319.
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Farm dams are a ubiquitous limnological feature of agricultural landscapes worldwide. While their primary function is to capture and store water, they also have disproportionally large effects on biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling, with important relevance to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the abundance and distribution of farm dams is unknown in most parts of the world. Therefore, we used artificial intelligence and remote sensing data to address this critical global information gap. Specifically, we trained a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) on high-definition satellite images to detect farm dams and carry out the first continental-scale assessment on density, distribution and historical trends. We found that in Australia there are 1.765 million farm dams that occupy an area larger than Rhode Island (4678 km2) and store over 20 times more water than Sydney Harbour (10,990 GL). The State of New South Wales recorded the highest number of farm dams (654,983; 37% of the total) and Victoria the highest overall density (1.73 dams km−2). We also estimated that 202,119 farm dams (11.5%) remain omitted from any maps, especially in South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Three decades of historical records revealed an ongoing decrease in the construction rate of farm dams, from >3% per annum before 2000, to ~1% after 2000, to <0.05% after 2010—except in the Australian Capital Territory where rates have remained relatively high. We also found systematic trends in construction design: farm dams built in 2015 are on average 50% larger in surface area and contain 66% more water than those built in 1989. To facilitate sharing information on sustainable farm dam management with authorities, scientists, managers and local communities, we developed AusDams.org—a free interactive portal to visualise and generate statistics on the physical, environmental and ecological impacts of farm dams.
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Naidu, R., ME Sumner, and P. Rengasamy. "National conference on sodic soils - Summary and conclusions." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930949.
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Sodic soils cover over 28% of the total land area in Australia. It is clear from the papers delivered at the conference and workshop that sodic soils are beset with serious chemical, physical and nutritional problems. This report summarises these problems based on the discussions during the workshop sessions together with issues raised during group discussion on: (a) distribution, classification and mapping, (b) physical processes, (c) chemical processes, (d) nutrient constraints, (e) biology and organic matter, (f) environmental consequences and (g) management strategies for economically sustainable crop production on sodic soils. The most serious problems raised during the meeting concern inappropriate definition of sodic soils, soil water balance, nutritional requirements on sodic soils, chemical and mineralogical bases of structural instability in relation to amelioration strategies, farming systems to improve organic matter and biological activity, and information transfer. These issues are presented in detail.
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SUTCLIFFE, PATRICIA R., JOHN N. A. HOOPER, and C. ROLAND PITCHER. "The most common sponges on the Great Barrier Reef seabed, Australia, include species new to science (Phylum Porifera)." Zootaxa 2616, no. 1 (September 17, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2616.1.1.
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We describe two new species amongst the most common sponges living on the seabed (inter-reef) of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) collected during a multi-agency survey (GBR Seabed Biodiversity Project 2003–2006) of the shelf benthic biota using a trawl and dredge at 1254 sites. More than 1,200 sponge morphospecies (operational taxonomic units or OTUs) were recognised, many of which are potentially new species. This paper describes five of the most common sponges, two of which are new to science, Dercitus xanthus sp. nov. and Paracornulum fistulosum sp. nov. Taxonomic revisions of the three other most common species (Coscinoderma nardorus (Lendenfeld, 1886), Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, 1884) and Xenospongia patelliformis Gray, 1858), reveal new characters not previously recorded. Extensive distribution maps are provided for these species within the GBR Marine Park. Analysis of the physical data associated with the biota revealed these species had strong preference for sand and carbonate sediments. As colonisers of the soft seabed these most prevalent species provide important habitat stabilisation, enabling succession communities to more readily establish on the seabed. This wide-scale study along the length and breadth of the GBR provides a concise and encompassing view of the distribution and diversity of the seabed benthos, and has significant implications for the conservation and management of the GBR World Heritage Area.
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Lo, Shih-Che. "A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach to Solve the Vehicle Routing Problem with Cross-Docking and Carbon Emissions Reduction in Logistics Management." Logistics 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics6030062.
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Background: The logistics network design with cross-docking operations enables shipping service providers to integrate the physical flow of products between vendors and dealers in logistics management. The collective goal is to synchronize the goods in both pickup and delivery operations concurrently to reduce the handling cost, inventory cost, and operation cost generated. Therefore, the optimal vehicle routing plan is crucial to generate a truck routing schedule with minimal total cost, fulfilling the purchasing requirements and the distribution demand. Global warming and climate change are important topics due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable logistics management with optimized routes for trucks can assist in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and easing the effects of temperature increases on our living environment. Methods: A heuristic approach based on Particle Swarm Optimization, called ePSO, was proposed and implemented in this paper to solve the vehicle routing problems with cross-docking and carbon emissions reduction at the same time. Results: Performance comparisons were made with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) through the experiments of several vehicle routing problems with pickup and delivery benchmark problems to validate the performance of the ePSO procedure. Conclusions: Experimental results showed that the proposed ePSO approach was better than the GA for most cases by statistical hypothesis testing.
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Suhaibah, A., U. Uznir, F. Anton, D. Mioc, and A. A. Rahman. "3D PARTITION-BASED CLUSTERING FOR SUPPLY CHAIN DATA MANAGEMENT." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-2/W2 (October 19, 2015): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-2-w2-9-2015.
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Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the management of the products and goods flow from its origin point to point of consumption. During the process of SCM, information and dataset gathered for this application is massive and complex. This is due to its several processes such as procurement, product development and commercialization, physical distribution, outsourcing and partnerships. For a practical application, SCM datasets need to be managed and maintained to serve a better service to its three main categories; distributor, customer and supplier. To manage these datasets, a structure of data constellation is used to accommodate the data into the spatial database. However, the situation in geospatial database creates few problems, for example the performance of the database deteriorate especially during the query operation. We strongly believe that a more practical hierarchical tree structure is required for efficient process of SCM. Besides that, three-dimensional approach is required for the management of SCM datasets since it involve with the multi-level location such as shop lots and residential apartments. 3D R-Tree has been increasingly used for 3D geospatial database management due to its simplicity and extendibility. However, it suffers from serious overlaps between nodes. In this paper, we proposed a partition-based clustering for the construction of a hierarchical tree structure. Several datasets are tested using the proposed method and the percentage of the overlapping nodes and volume coverage are computed and compared with the original 3D R-Tree and other practical approaches. The experiments demonstrated in this paper substantiated that the hierarchical structure of the proposed partitionbased clustering is capable of preserving minimal overlap and coverage. The query performance was tested using 300,000 points of a SCM dataset and the results are presented in this paper. This paper also discusses the outlook of the structure for future reference.
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Urzúa-Morales, Juan Guillermo, Juan Pedro Sepulveda-Rojas, Miguel Alfaro, Guillermo Fuertes, Rodrigo Ternero, and Manuel Vargas. "Logistic Modeling of the Last Mile: Case Study Santiago, Chile." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020648.
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This research proposes a new distribution system of goods in the historical center of the city of Santiago, Chile. For the design of the urban logistic system, the methodology city logistics and last mile are used. This design incorporates to the freight transport flexible solutions that improve the efficiency of the distribution process and trade supply, minimizing the environmental impact of the atmospheric pollution (AP). The proposal was made through the data collection, the characterization of the sector and the diagnosis of the urban logistics processes. The analysis of the factors allowed to evaluate the costs of the AP negative externalities. The causes were used as design criteria for the proposals, with the aim of improving the quality of life of the city users. The physical location selection of the Cross-Docking was made through an optimization model of maximum coverage. The optimization algorithm of the nearest neighbor was proposed for vehicle routing. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to generate a ranking of the best non-polluting vehicles to be used in the zone. Finally, the results obtained allowed a 53 ton decrease in carbon dioxide in the square kilometer and reduced 1103 h of interruptions per year in the vehicular congestion of the sector.
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Mons, M. N., J. M. L. van der Wielen, E. J. M. Blokker, M. I. Sinclair, K. F. A. M. Hulshof, F. Dangendorf, P. R. Hunter, and G. J. Medema. "Estimation of the consumption of cold tap water for microbiological risk assessment: an overview of studies and statistical analysis of data." Journal of Water and Health 5, S1 (September 1, 2007): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.141.
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The volume of cold tap water consumed is an essential element in quantitative microbial risk assessment. This paper presents a review of tap water consumption studies. Study designs were evaluated and statistical distributions were fitted to water consumption data from The Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany and Australia. We conclude that the diary is to be preferred for collecting water consumption data. If a diary is not feasible, a 24 h recall would be the best alternative, preferably repeated at least once. From the studies evaluated, the mean daily consumption varies from 0.10 L to 1.55 L. No conclusions could be drawn regarding the effects of season, age and gender on tap water consumption. Physical activity, yearly income and perceived health status were reported to influence water consumption. Comparison of the different statistical probability distribution functions of the datasets demonstrated that the Poisson distribution performed better than the lognormal distribution as suggested by Roseberry and Burmaster. For quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) it is recommended to use country-specific consumption data and statistical distributions, if available. If no country specific data are available we recommend to use the Australian distribution data from the Melbourne diary study (Poisson, λ=3.49 glasses/d) as a conservative estimate.
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Kang, Yeonghoon, and Sungmin Kim. "Development of helmet mold design system using 3D anthropometric analysis." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2019-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a software can generate helmet mold from three-dimensional (3D) human body scan data. Design/methodology/approach An algorithm has been developed to divide data into arbitrary number of groups considering the width, length and height of head using the standard normal distribution theory. A basic helmet mold is generated automatically based on the shape of representative convex hull for each group. Findings It is possible to analyze the 3D human body scan data of groups with various characteristics and apply them to mass customized production of helmet. Practical implications This methodology can be applied for designing other products related to the head shape such as goggles and masks by varying the measurement items of the head. Social implications This methodology will enable mass customized production centered on consumers in the production and design of various equipment and goods to be worn on the head. Originality/value An algorithm has been developed to define the vertex point, which is the limit of scan data, for the analysis of 3D human body scan data scan data. In addition, a system was developed that can mass-produce customized products by effectively dividing groups while taking into account the physical characteristics of consumers.
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Parsons, Miles J. G., Mark G. Meekan, Karen J. Miller, Michele Thums, and James P. Gilmour. "Innovation and technology in marine science: AIMS' North West Shoals to Shore Research Program." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17234.
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The North West Shoals to Shore Research Program began in July 2017 and encompasses four themes, each of which addresses major gaps in scientific knowledge relevant to the environmental management of the offshore petroleum industry in north-west Australia. The themes are: 1. Marine Noise Monitoring and Impacts: investigate selected potential impacts of exposure to a seismic survey on demersal fishes and infauna across different spatial and temporal scales. 2. Benthic Habitats and Demersal Biodiversity: understand physical and biological characteristics of the Ancient Coastline Key Ecological Feature (125 m) and the ecological processes that maintain benthic communities from the ancient to contemporary coastlines, focusing on the distribution and genetic connectivity of pearl oysters. 3. Protected and Iconic Species Movement, Distribution and Threats: determine biologically important areas for pygmy blue whales and hawksbill and green turtles. This will lead to better quantification and mitigation of the risks to megafauna posed by vessel movements, industrial infrastructure and activities. 4. Spatial Dynamics of Isolated Coral Reef Atolls: developing a bio-physical model for benthic and fish communities at the Rowley Shoals and an adaptive monitoring program that quantifies and predicts their spatial dynamics. In this talk, we will discuss planning and progress of the program achieved to date, including innovative and technological approaches used to address scientific uncertainty currently faced by industry.
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Bravo, Raziel, Mario Gonzalez Segura, Olawale Temowo, and Subhashish Samaddar. "How Does a Pandemic Disrupt the Benefits of eCommerce? A Case Study of Small and Medium Enterprises in the US." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 17, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 522–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17020028.
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Inspired by the ongoing disruption to businesses across the world, this research focuses on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the contribution of eCommerce to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Our study seeks to establish an eCommerce-driven response to this natural disruption, by asking the questions; How do eCommerce platforms impact SMEs? How does eCommerce affect an SME’s three major business functions during a global disruption? We employ a qualitative case study method, using interviews as our primary data source, along with secondary data from industry and company records. We discuss these case studies through the framework of the actor network theory (ANT), identifying eCommerce and other platforms that SMEs use as actors in their network. We interviewed eight SMEs involved in the physical sale and distribution of consumer goods, each of which had been operating for at least two years and had a maximum of 70 employees. On average, we found that 44% of the SMEs in this study benefitted from using eCommerce in key business areas, with 46% improving their operations, 47% improving sales and marketing, and 39% improving finance. We also found that SME adoption of eCommerce during the pandemic grew in response to these benefits. Of the eight companies we studied, four had begun developing full eCommerce operations and three more planned to develop them as the global situation further normalizes.
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Kemokai, Michael Boima. "MANAGERIAL CHALLENGES IN USING LEAN TECHNIQUES IN DESIGNING A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIZATION LOGISTICS AND PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: A CASE OF DEPARTMENT OF FIELD SUPPORT (DFS), UNITED NATIONS." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 1, no. 2 (March 9, 2017): 28–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.124.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the managerial challenges in using lean techniques in designing a comprehensive characterization of the organization logistics and physical distribution system. The study further sought to determine the extent to which these challenges impact the logistics and physical distribution of goods and informed managerial practices.Methodology: The study employed a qualitative research design. The study targeted all the senior managers at Director Levels at the GSC and the RSC and all the senior operational staff from supply chain and service delivery pillars in three (03) large Field Missions. These field missions are namely United Nations Stabilization Mission in Congo (MONUSCO); United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS); and the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA). This study used purposive sampling technique. The researcher purposively sampled fifteen (15) personnel; with three (03) participants each from the GSC, RSC, and three (03) participants each from the three (03) Field Mission. Primary data was obtained from the original sources using questionnaires and interview.Findings: The results revealed that DFS did face various challenges in the implementation of lean strategies and that the operational difficulties experienced within its operations across field missions resulted in reduced customer satisfaction, increased supplier lead time and increased operational costs. The respondents indicated that they experienced a lack of understanding of the complexity of supply chain at the senior leadership level whereby most initiatives are tainted with personal agenda as a consequent the biggest hurdle to overcome is gaining enthusiasm and trust of the staff. They also indicated that there is a high risk of asset waste and loss due to assets remaining in stock for over one year without use. Further, they indicated that there are weaknesses in the management of construction or “self-constructed” projects; and weaknesses in the restructuring of the department of peacekeeping operations.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that DFS should foster a continuous performance improvement mindset among staffs through planning, doing, checking and taking corrective actions on a balanced scorecard that integrates and aligns staff motivation and interest to the objectives of the organization. Also, objective and fair work plan and performance management are an ingredient to foster continuous improvement
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Kemokai, Michael Boima. "MANAGERIAL CHALLENGES IN USING LEAN TECHNIQUES IN DESIGNING A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIZATION LOGISTICS AND PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: A CASE OF DEPARTMENT OF FIELD SUPPORT (DFS), UNITED NATIONS." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 1, no. 2 (March 9, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.v1i2.124.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the managerial challenges in using lean techniques in designing a comprehensive characterization of the organization logistics and physical distribution system. The study further sought to determine the extent to which these challenges impact the logistics and physical distribution of goods and informed managerial practices.Methodology: The study employed a qualitative research design. The study targeted all the senior managers at Director Levels at the GSC and the RSC and all the senior operational staff from supply chain and service delivery pillars in three (03) large Field Missions. These field missions are namely United Nations Stabilization Mission in Congo (MONUSCO); United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS); and the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA). This study used purposive sampling technique. The researcher purposively sampled fifteen (15) personnel; with three (03) participants each from the GSC, RSC, and three (03) participants each from the three (03) Field Mission. Primary data was obtained from the original sources using questionnaires and interview.Findings: The results revealed that DFS did face various challenges in the implementation of lean strategies and that the operational difficulties experienced within its operations across field missions resulted in reduced customer satisfaction, increased supplier lead time and increased operational costs. The respondents indicated that they experienced a lack of understanding of the complexity of supply chain at the senior leadership level whereby most initiatives are tainted with personal agenda as a consequent the biggest hurdle to overcome is gaining enthusiasm and trust of the staff. They also indicated that there is a high risk of asset waste and loss due to assets remaining in stock for over one year without use. Further, they indicated that there are weaknesses in the management of construction or “self-constructed” projects; and weaknesses in the restructuring of the department of peacekeeping operations.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that DFS should foster a continuous performance improvement mindset among staffs through planning, doing, checking and taking corrective actions on a balanced scorecard that integrates and aligns staff motivation and interest to the objectives of the organization. Also, objective and fair work plan and performance management are an ingredient to foster continuous improvement
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Liu, Zhenduo, Hui Sun, Jian Zhang, and Jingfei Yan. "Status, Hotspots, and Future Trends: Bibliometric Analysis of Research on the Impact of the Built Environment on Children and Adolescents’ Physical Activity." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021390.
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Applying the visualized bibliometric analysis method, we explored the overall distribution characteristics, research progress, and hotspots of current research on the effect of the built environment on the physical activity of children and adolescents from 2003 to 2022. The research results indicate that the United States, Canada, Australia, and other Western countries are the primary forces of relevant research and have a solid foundation in the research on the impact of the built environment on the physical activity of children and adolescents. Sallis, Saelens, Gile-Corti, and other early authors have had a long-term, important role in this area. The research results have continuously guided new scientific research output for a long time, and emerging research forces have also played a directional role in future research trends, represented by publications such as American Preventive Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Obesity, health behaviors, home–school environment, and various correlations are the research hotspots in this field. This study systematically summarizes and analyzes research on the built environment’s promotion of physical activity among children and adolescents, and it provides valuable guidance and reference for follow-up research in the near future.
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Dushkova, Diana, Maria Ignatieva, Michael Hughes, Anastasia Konstantinova, Viacheslav Vasenev, and Elvira Dovletyarova. "Human Dimensions of Urban Blue and Green Infrastructure during a Pandemic. Case Study of Moscow (Russia) and Perth (Australia)." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 4148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084148.
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Significant challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted that features of a modern, sustainable and resilient city should not only relate to fulfilling economic and social urban strategies, but also to functional urban design, in particular, related to urban blue and green infrastructure (BGI). Using results from a web-based questionnaire survey conducted May–July 2020 in Moscow (Russia) and Perth (Australia), this paper provides insights regarding citizens’ needs for and values of urban BGI as well as their changes during and after the COVID-19 restrictions. Survey data collected during the lockdown period have captured information about people’s ability to access green and blue spaces within urban BGI, inequalities in access, feelings, and values as well as needs and perceived pathways of future development of urban natural environment. In both cities, lockdowns limited access of people to green spaces which affected their mental and physical health. Survey results revealed that the quality, functionality, and location of open green spaces illustrated a disparity in distribution, meaning that in many cases several communities from particular neighborhoods suffered from limited access to BGI. Furthermore, in addition to analyzing perceptions and values of urban nature during the COVID-19 pandemic, some suggestions for improvement of urban BGI based on the survey responses are provided.
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Kachigunda, Barbara, Kerrie Mengersen, Devindri I. Perera, Grey T. Coupland, Johann van der Merwe, and Simon McKirdy. "Use of mixed-type data clustering algorithm for characterizing temporal and spatial distribution of biosecurity border detections of terrestrial non-indigenous species." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): e0272413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272413.
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Appropriate inspection protocols and mitigation strategies are a critical component of effective biosecurity measures, enabling implementation of sound management decisions. Statistical models to analyze biosecurity surveillance data are integral to this decision-making process. Our research focuses on analyzing border interception biosecurity data collected from a Class A Nature Reserve, Barrow Island, in Western Australia and the associated covariates describing both spatial and temporal interception patterns. A clustering analysis approach was adopted using a generalization of the popular k-means algorithm appropriate for mixed-type data. The analysis approach compared the efficiency of clustering using only the numerical data, then subsequently including covariates to the clustering. Based on numerical data only, three clusters gave an acceptable fit and provided information about the underlying data characteristics. Incorporation of covariates into the model suggested four distinct clusters dominated by physical location and type of detection. Clustering increases interpretability of complex models and is useful in data mining to highlight patterns to describe underlying processes in biosecurity and other research areas. Availability of more relevant data would greatly improve the model. Based on outcomes from our research we recommend broader use of cluster models in biosecurity data, with testing of these models on more datasets to validate the model choice and identify important explanatory variables.
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Partigöç, N. S., H. E. Erdin, H. Zengin Çelik, and M. B. Sılaydın Aydın. "THE EXAMINATION OF GATHERING POINTS’ CAPACITY REGARDING MOBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY: CASE OF BAYRAKLI DISTRICT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-413-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The concept of accessibility that bases on continuing the flow of people, goods and services uninterruptedly is discussed as “maximum contact by minimum facility”. This concept which is related with the distance has been evaluated various criteria such as physical, economic, perceptual, temporal, etc. Several assignations (optimum location, minimum distance, best distribution method, etc.) have revealed the importance of gathering points in terms of proceeding the disaster management properly. The origin point of linking “accessibility” and “transportation network” is the mobility which reveals as accessing people to adequate gathering points and services in the shortest time. These gathering points which are determined due to the specific criteria and also referred to the social infrastructure areas have a vital importance when any disaster or emergencies occur; so the site selection, availability and accessibility of these areas become extremely significant. The aim of this study is to examine the accessibility of gathering points in Bayrakli district located in Izmir city by taking minimum standards and also some recommendations into consideration. The spatial analyses based on current and potential gathering points are carried out via ArcMap software. The current and potential gathering points in Bayrakli district are examined in terms of accessibility their capacity for each neighbourhood due to their spatial distribution. According to the results, each gathering points in neighbourhoods cannot be accessible in the shortest duration by walking and also the current urban pattern affects the capacity parameter regarding the accessibility and mobility significantly.</p>
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Hollis, J. J., W. L. McCaw, and M. G. Cruz. "The effect of woody fuel characteristics on fuel ignition and consumption: a case study from a eucalypt forest in south-west Western Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 5 (2018): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17174.
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Coarse woody debris (>0.6 cm in diameter) is an important component of the fuel complex in Australian eucalypt forests, influencing both fire behaviour, smoke production and post-fire ecological processes. We investigated how physical characteristics of woody fuel affected ignition and consumption during an experimental fire where the fuel complex characteristics, fire weather and fire behaviour varied within a narrow range. Decay status, bark condition, arrangement, suspension and extent of charring were classified for 2866 coarse woody fuel particles. We used generalised linear model (GLM) analysis to explain ignition success and the extent of consumption of individual particles, with a focus on larger diameter fuels (>7.5 cm in diameter), which comprised 83% of the woody fuel load and 94% of the woody fuel consumed during the flaming and smouldering stages of combustion. Ignition success was best explained by a model that included fuel arrangement (a surrogate of fuel proximity), suspension and decay status. The extent of fuel consumption was greater for pieces in advanced stages of decay, but suspension (inversely related) and arrangement (directly related) also affected the outcome. Forest management practices, previous fire history and other natural disturbances are likely to influence the distribution of pre-fire diameters and suspension classes that characterise large woody fuels at a site, and will therefore influence woody fuel consumption. This has practical implications for quantifying heat release and atmospheric emissions from fires burning in forests with different management histories.
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Corciolani, Matteo, and Daniele Dalli. "Gift-giving, sharing and commodity exchange at Bookcrossing.com: new insights from a qualitative analysis." Management Decision 52, no. 4 (May 13, 2014): 755–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-03-2012-0241.
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Purpose – Through an empirical analysis of a consumption community, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the theories of gift-giving, sharing and commodity exchange should not be kept separated but integrated into a unifying model. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides new evidence about Bookcrossing.com, whose members share and give books as gifts; that is, physical goods rather than digital ones as in most of the communities considered in the literature. This community is analysed with qualitative tools, such as netnography, personal interviews and participant observation. Findings – The main result of the analysis of Bookcrossing is that gift-giving is not the only process responsible for value creation and distribution in consumption communities: sharing and commodity exchange also play a role. Furthermore, the paper provides new evidence about aspects of gift-giving and sharing that have received limited attention in the literature: collective reciprocity and anonymous sharing. Research limitations/implications – The limitations are related to the intrinsic properties of the methods employed (netnography, personal interviews and participant observation) and to the paper, which analyses only one community and one product category. The implications refer to the role of gift-giving in consumption communities and its relationships with other processes: consumer gift systems are not only gifting platforms, but they and the elements of sharing and commodity exchange need to be integrated. Practical implications – The empirical evidence and implications matter for the organisation and management of collaborative consumption platforms and the way in which traditional business models could and should interact with these platforms in an increasing number of businesses. Originality/value – The paper adds new evidence of and original insights into gift-giving and collective forms of exchange. Moreover, it provides managerial implications of the analysed community for the book publishing industry.