Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physical design'
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Sharma, Puneet. "Manufacturing-aware physical design techniques." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3274583.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 4, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 224-241).
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Almajdoub, Salahuddin A. "A Design Methodology for Physical Design for Testability." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30574.
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Physical design for testability (PDFT) is a strategy to design circuits in a way to avoid or reduce realistic physical faults. The goal of this work is to define and establish a speci c methodology for PDFT. The proposed design methodology includes techniques to reduce potential bridging faults in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. To compare faults, the design process utilizes a new parameter called the fault index. The fault index for a particular fault is the probability of occurrence of the fault divided by the testability of the fault. Faults with the highest fault indices are considered the worst faults and are targeted by the PDFT design process to eliminate them or reduce their probability of occurrence.
An implementation of the PDFT design process is constructed using several new tools in addition to other "off-the-shelf" tools. The first tool developed in this work is a testability measure tool for bridging faults. Two other tools are developed to eliminate or reduce the probability of occurrence of bridging faults with high fault indices. The row enhancer targets faults inside the logic elements of the circuit, while the channel enhancer targets faults inside the routing part of the circuit.
To demonstrate the capabilities and test the eff ectiveness of the PDFT design process, this work conducts an experiment which includes designing three CMOS circuits from the ISCAS 1985 benchmark circuits. Several layouts are generated for every circuit. Every layout, except the rst one, utilizes information from the previous layout to minimize the probability of occurrence for faults with high fault indices. Experimental results show that the PDFT design process successfully achieves two goals of PDFT, providing layouts with fewer faults and minimizing the probability of occurrence of hard-to-test faults. Improvement in the total fault index was about 40 percent in some cases, while improvement in total critical area was about 30 percent in some cases. However, virtually all the improvements came from using the row enhancer; the channel enhancer provided only marginal improvements.Ph. D.
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Yoon, Gyonyoung. "Filling in physical reality, living in digital reality." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för design, inredningsarkitektur och visuell kommunikation (DIV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7537.
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Patterson, M. J. "Gender and physical training effects on soldier physical competencies and physiological strain." Fishermans Bend, Vic. : Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1947/4680.
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Wang, Jun. "Physical design with fabrication : friendly layout /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30575643.
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Short, Benjamin William. "Exploring creativity in physical interface design." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551642.
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A dual methodological approach was adopted to investigate the effects of constraint upon creative product while using a physical interface toolkit. A longitudinal design study was carried out and found a persistence of ideas from the initial design task. In addition to this an action-oriented bias was found in the use of the toolkit. Experimental studies replicated Finke's (1990) finding that the use of a preinventive form may influence creative product. Presence of preinventive form in conjunction with constraint of form and a taxonomic category was found to significantly increase originality while leaving practicality unaffected. Verbal protocols of a design task using physical interface devices were gathered and were found to reflect the action- oriented bias seen in the design study. A final study into the effect of different dimensions of constraint upon a short design task using descriptions of physical interface toolkit items found that originality may be raised both by constraint in the form of taxonomic categorical instruction and goal-directed categorical instruction and that these gains in originality appear to be additive. However the introduction of a goal-directed categorical instruction resulted in a significant reduction in practicality ratings.
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Wang, Jun, and 王雋. "Physical design with fabrication: friendly layout." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015119.
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Brauer, Martha. "Mediating objects : physical objects in therapy sessions together with childern." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5755.
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The purpose of this work has been to explore if objects can strengthen communication between psychologists and children in therapy. Can objects together with tactility as a tool help us to find and put words to feelings and episodes in our lives? I have explored this by interviewing three psychologists on several occasions who work with children. I have planned and implemented a three-day workshop with four children in the age of 7. Working in 3D as a method of sketching and testing has been an important part of the process.The work resulted in a tactile material consisting of 18 objects that have different material qualities. During tests the material has been helpful in order tostart conversation and getting help describing emotions. My hope is that this material will continued to be tested and developed.
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Olislagers, Vincent. "Phantom Physicalizations Reinterpreting Dreams Through Physical Representation." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21291.
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This thesis begins with a philosophical question: What if we could amplify our waking experience with the aesthetic qualitiesof dreams? Through a discourse on experiential dream related aspects in philosophy, design and daily life it examines what itmeans, and has meant, to dream, and how these qualities already permeate the physical world. I hypothesize that objects capable of representing dream related physiological data as physical output have the potential to amplify our waking experience. To formulate a set of considerations for the design of such objects, an ethnographic study of dream experience, comprising a survey, a cultural probe study and interviews, has been conducted. The text concludes by exploring how dream elements like ambiguity, synesthetic sensibility, and affective self-exploration may benefit interaction design, raising questions about how digital media can facilitate personal, meaningful experiences.
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Wirdelius, Oscar. "BRIDGING THE GAPS BETWEEN PHYSICAL DIGITAL CO-CREATION." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industridesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54497.
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The remote work environment poses many challenges, especially for collaboration and co-creation. Digital tools are available but they lack important properties of the physical meeting. This project applies emerging technologies in an attempt to enable a more suitable interface for creative collaboration. The goal is to produce an innovative solution in the form of a conceptual design based on user experience research. It follows the design process from brief to resulting conclusions and concept. The process is inspired by the learnings from Bootcamp Bootleg in combination with mentorship and guidance of experienced active designers from Shift Design, now part of Yellon.Att arbeta från distans innebär många utmaningar, särskilt för samarbete och samskapande. Digitala verktyg finns tillgängliga men de saknar viktiga egenskaper hos det fysiska mötet. Detta projekt tillämpar ny teknik i ett försök att möjliggöra ett lämpligare gränssnitt för kreativt samarbete. Målet är att ta fram en innovativ lösning i form av en konceptuell design baserad på användarupplevelseforskning. Arbetet följer designprocessen från uppdragsbeskrivning till resulterande slutsatser och koncept. Processen är inspirerad av lärdomarna från Bootcamp Bootleg i kombination med mentorskap och vägledning av erfarna aktiva designers från Shift Design, nu en del av Yellon.
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Yu, Yi. "Physical layer model design for wireless networks." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1785.
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Marshall, Mark. "Physical interface design for digital musical instruments." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40788.
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This thesis deals with the study of performer-instrument interaction during the performance of novel digital musical instruments (DMIs). Unlike acoustic instruments, digital musical instruments have no coupling between the sound generation system and the physical interface with which the performer interacts. As a result of this, such instruments also lack the direct physical feedback to the performer which is present in an acoustic instrument. In fact in contrast to acoustic musical instruments, haptic and vibrotactile feedback is generally not present in a DMI contributing to a poor feel for the instrument. The main goal of this thesis is to propose ways to improve the overall feel of digital musical instruments through the study and design of its physical interface: the instrument body, sensors and feedback actuators. It includes a detailed study of the existing theory and practice of the design on physical interfaces for digital musical instruments, including a survey of 266 existing DMIs presented since the inception of the NIME conference. From this, a number of differences become apparent between the existing theory and practice, particularly in the areas of sensors and feedback. The research in this thesis then addresses these differences. It includes a series of experiments on the optimal choice of sensors for a digital musical instrument. This is followed by research into the provision of vibrotactile feedback in a digital musical instrument, including the choice of actuator, modification of actuator frequency response, and the effects of response modification on human vibrotactile frequency discrimination. Following this, a number of new digital musical instruments are presented, which were created during the course of this work. This includes an instrument designed specifically to follow the results of research in this thesis and also instruments designed as part of larger collaborative projects involving engineers, composers and performers. FroCette thèse porte sur l'étude de l'interaction ayant lieu, en situation de jeu,entre un(e) instrumentiste et un instrument musical numérique (IMN).A l'inverse des instruments acoustiques traditionnels, il n'existe aucun couplageentre le dispositif de production du son et l'interface sur laquelle agit l'instrumentistedans le cas des IMN. L'une des implications de cette observation est que cesinstruments ne procurent pas la rétroaction tactile normalement présente dans lesinstruments de musique traditionels. Par conséquent, les IMN sont souvent perçuspar leurs interprètes comme manquant d'âme, de personnalité.Le but de ce travail de thèse est d'avancer quelques solutions permettant d'insuer un peu plus âme à un instrument musical numérique. Le point focal de larecherche étant l'étude et la conception de l'interface physique (corps de l'instrument,capteurs et dispositifs de rétroaction utilisés) d'un tel instrument.Ce mémoire présente, en premier lieu, une étude détaillée de la théorie et de lapratique actuelles dans le domaine de la conception d'interfaces physiques pour lesIMN. L'inventaire des 266 instruments recensés depuis la création de la conférenceNIME constitue l'un des points majeurs de cette partie du travail. En effet, ce tour d'horizon permet de faire ressortir les incohérences entre théorie et pratique. Cesdifférences sont particulièrement frappantes en ce qui concerne les capteurs et lesdispositifs de rétroaction.Le travail de recherche de cette thèse a donc pour objectif de mieux comprendrecomment réduire ces incohérences. Des expériences portant sur le choix optimaldes capteurs à utiliser dans un IMN ont donc été menées. Différents dispositifs derétroaction vibrotactile ont aussi été étudiés en regardant d'abord quels actuateursutiliser, et en évaluant les effets de la modication de leur réponse en fréquencesur la discrimination fréquentielle de stimuli vibrotactiles chez des sujets humains.Des exemp
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Panth, Shreepad Amar. "Physical design methodologies for monolithic 3D ICs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53542.
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The objective of this research is to develop physical design methodologies for monolithic 3D ICs and use them to evaluate the improvements in the power-performance envelope offered over 2D ICs. In addition, design-for-test (DfT) techniques essential for the adoption of shorter term through-silicon-via (TSV) based 3D ICs are explored.
Testing of TSV-based 3D ICs is one of the last challenges facing their commercialization. First, a pre-bond testable 3D scan chain construction technique is developed. Next, a transition-delay-fault test architecture is presented, along with a study on how to mitigate IR-drop. Finally, to facilitate partitioning, a quick and accurate framework for test-TSV estimation is developed.
Block-level monolithic 3D ICs will be the first to emerge, as significant IP can be reused. However, no physical design flows exist, and hence a monolithic 3D floorplanning framework is developed. Next, inter-tier performance differences that arise due to the not yet mature fabrication process are investigated and modeled. Finally, an inter-tier performance-difference aware floorplanner is presented, and it is demonstrated that high quality 3D floorplans are achievable even under these inter-tier differences.
Monolithic 3D offers sufficient integration density to place individual gates in three dimensions and connect them together. However, no tools or techniques exist that can take advantage of the high integration density offered. Therefore, a gate-level framework that leverages existing 2D ICs tools is presented. This framework also provides congestion modeling and produces results that minimize routing congestion. Next, this framework is extended to commercial 2D IC tools, so that steps such as timing optimization and clock tree synthesis can be applied. Finally, a voltage-drop-aware partitioning technique is presented that can alleviate IR-drop issues, without any impact on the performance or maximum operating temperature of the chip.
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Durrant, Jonathan M. "Physical design of distributed object-oriented software." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245942.
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Fu, Zhongsu. "Heuristics and multi-dimensional physical database design." Thesis, City University London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292681.
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Englezou, Yiolanda. "Bayesian design for calibration of physical models." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/427145/.
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We often want to learn about physical processes that are described by complex nonlinear mathematical models implemented as computer simulators. To use a simulator to make predictions about the real physical process, it is necessary to rst perform calibration; that is, to use data obtained from a physical experiment to make inference about unknown parameters whilst acknowledging discrepancies between the simulator and reality. The computational expense of many simulators makes calibration challenging. Thus, usually in calibration, we use a computationally cheaper approximation to the simulator, often referred to as an emulator, constructed by tting a statistical model to the results of a relatively small computer experiment. Although there is a substantial literature on the choice of the design of the computer experiment, the problem of designing the physical experiment in calibration is much less well-studied. This thesis is concerned with methodology for Bayesian optimal designs for the physical experiment when the aim is estimation of the unknown parameters in the simulator. Optimal Bayesian design for most realistic statistical models, including those incorporating expensive computer simulators, is complicated by the need to numerically approximate an analytically intractable expected utility; for example, the expected gain in Shannon information from the prior to posterior distribution. The standard approximation method is "double-loop" Monte Carlo integration using nested sampling from the prior distribution. Although this method is easy to implement, it produces biased approximations and is computationally expensive. For the Shannon information gain utility, we propose new approximation methods which combine features of importance sampling and Laplace approximations. These approximations are then used within an optimisation algorithm to nd optimal designs for three problems: (i) estimation of the parameters in a nonlinear regression model; (ii) parameter estimation for a misspecied regression model subject to discrepancy; and (iii) estimation of the calibration parameters for a computational expensive simulator. Through examples, we demonstrate the advantages of this combination of methodology over existing methods.
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Ku, Jason (Jason Stoutsenberger). "On the design of physical folded structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104239.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 123-128).
Folding as a subject of mathematical, computational, and engineering study is relatively young. Most results in this field are hard to apply in engineering practice because the use of physical materials to construct folded structures has not been fully considered nor adequately addressed. I propose a three-fold approach to the design of folded structures with physical consideration, separating for independent investigation (1),the computational complexity of basic folding paradigms, (2) the automated accommodation of facet material volume, and (3) the design of folded geometry under boundary constraints. These three topics are each necessary to create folded structures from physical materials and are closely related.
by Jason S. Ku.
Ph. D.
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Kaivo, Melissa. "Supporting Learning Physical Computing Through Design Activities." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20527.
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Students and teachers encounter new challenges as Nordic countries, and many other countries decided to implement computational thinking and programming into the compulsory education curriculum. Likewise, universities have modified programmes to respond to the skills required in the future’s digital world. Computational thinking is nowadays a fundamental skill for problem-solving, and to successfully implement it to education, new approaches and methods need to be developed. This paper explored the use of a physical computing platform called Arduino as a means of introducing computational thinking to university students. This study aimed to investigate the challenges that students new to Arduino have when learning physical computing and explore ways to support learning activities. The prototype for this study was a visual support material that eases the challenges and shifts the focus from the process to design. The results were derived from empirical research done in Arduino workshops held in four different universities context to train participants computational thinking and programming skills. Results have implications for the benefits of design activities as a method for teaching computational thinking to university students. Findings show that design activities can provide an enjoyable, meaningful, and more feasible approach.
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Pezzana, Silvia. "Daylighting design through numerical and physical analysis." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAL0020.
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Point central de l'étude de la lumière naturelle à l'intérieur du bâtiment réalisé avec une analyse numérique et physique, qui demande une connaissance de la distribution des luminances du réal (qui peut être mesurée) et des caractéristiques des matériaux. Le vitrage est caractérisé dans les catalogues insatisfaisants. A travers une analyse objective et subjective, les lacunes seront décrites et une solution optimales sera proposée. Pour évaluer la lumière du jour, les projecteurs confient en les logiciels d'éclairage, qui ne sont pas validés, donc la fiabilité de la prévision est inconnue. Afin de résoudre ce problème, une procédure de validation a été produite. La lacune des ciels standards régionaux obligent le projecteur à évaluer la lumière du jour en se basant sur des conditions extrêmes. Cette recherche a intégré dans les logiciels d'éclairage une procédure capable de représenter des distributions quelconques de luminanceThis work focus on indoor daylight design through numerical and physical analysis. In both cases there is the need of a deep knowledge about outdoor luminance distribution paths and materials physical characteristics. Luminous distribution path can be measured or taken from standard models. The glass characteristics belongs to inadequate catalogues. Through a both objectives and subjective analyses lacks will be outlined and partly overcame. To deal with daylight, designers rely on un-validated lighting software, so the reliability of the forecast is unknown. In order to overcome this problem a validation benchmark has been produced and applied to Lightscale. At the moment the lack of regional standard skies push the designer to make daylight evaluation based on extreme conditions. Lighting software programs have been implemented, within this research, with a procedure able to introduce in the calculation every luminance distribution known by the designer in a quick and simple way
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Li, Zuxing. "Privacy-by-Design for Cyber-Physical Systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211908.
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It is envisioned that future cyber-physical systems will provide a more convenient living and working environment. However, such systems need inevitably to collect and process privacy-sensitive information. That means the benefits come with potential privacy leakage risks. Nowadays, this privacy issue receives more attention as a legal requirement of the EU General Data Protection Regulation. In this thesis, privacy-by-design approaches are studied where privacy enhancement is realized through taking privacy into account in the physical layer design. This work focuses in particular on cyber-physical systems namely sensor networks and smart grids. Physical-layer performance and privacy leakage risk are assessed by hypothesis testing measures. First, a sensor network in the presence of an informed eavesdropper is considered. Extended from the traditional hypothesis testing problems, novel privacy-preserving distributed hypothesis testing problems are formulated. The optimality of deterministic likelihood-based test is discussed. It is shown that the optimality of deterministic likelihood-based test does not always hold for an intercepted remote decision maker and an optimal randomized decision strategy is completely characterized by the privacy-preserving condition. These characteristics are helpful to simplify the person-by-person optimization algorithms to design optimal privacy-preserving hypothesis testing networks. Smart meter privacy becomes a significant issue in the development of smart grid technology. An innovative scheme is to exploit renewable energy supplies or an energy storage at a consumer to manipulate meter readings from actual energy demands to enhance the privacy. Based on proposed asymptotic hypothesis testing measures of privacy leakage, it is shown that the optimal privacy-preserving performance can be characterized by a Kullback-Leibler divergence rate or a Chernoff information rate in the presence of renewable energy supplies. When an energy storage is used, its finite capacity introduces memory in the smart meter system. It is shown that the design of an optimal energy management policy can be cast to a belief state Markov decision process framework.QC 20170815
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Dahir, Nizar Saadi. "Physical parameter-aware Networks-on-Chip design." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2832.
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Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) have been proposed as a scalable, reliable and power-efficient communication fabric for chip multiprocessors (CMPs) and multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs). NoCs determine both the performance and the reliability of such systems, with a significant power demand that is expected to increase due to developments in both technology and architecture. In terms of architecture, an important trend in many-core systems architecture is to increase the number of cores on a chip while reducing their individual complexity. This trend increases communication power relative to computation power. Moreover, technology-wise, power-hungry wires are dominating logic as power consumers as technology scales down. For these reasons, the design of future very large scale integration (VLSI) systems is moving from being computation-centric to communication-centric. On the other hand, chip’s physical parameters integrity, especially power and thermal integrity, is crucial for reliable VLSI systems. However, guaranteeing this integrity is becoming increasingly difficult with the higher scale of integration due to increased power density and operating frequencies that result in continuously increasing temperature and voltage drops in the chip. This is a challenge that may prevent further shrinking of devices. Thus, tackling the challenge of power and thermal integrity of future many-core systems at only one level of abstraction, the chip and package design for example, is no longer sufficient to ensure the integrity of physical parameters. New designtime and run-time strategies may need to work together at different levels of abstraction, such as package, application, network, to provide the required physical parameter integrity for these large systems. This necessitates strategies that work at the level of the on-chip network with its rising power budget. This thesis proposes models, techniques and architectures to improve power and thermal integrity of Network-on-Chip (NoC)-based many-core systems. The thesis is composed of two major parts: i) minimization and modelling of power supply variations to improve power integrity; and ii) dynamic thermal adaptation to improve thermal integrity. This thesis makes four major contributions. The first is a computational model of on-chip power supply variations in NoCs. The proposed model embeds a power delivery model, an NoC activity simulator and a power model. The model is verified with SPICE simulation and employed to analyse power supply variations in synthetic and real NoC workloads. Novel observations regarding power supply noise correlation with different traffic patterns and routing algorithms are found. The second is a new application mapping strategy aiming vii to minimize power supply noise in NoCs. This is achieved by defining a new metric, switching activity density, and employing a force-based objective function that results in minimizing switching density. Significant reductions in power supply noise (PSN) are achieved with a low energy penalty. This reduction in PSN also results in a better link timing accuracy. The third contribution is a new dynamic thermal-adaptive routing strategy to effectively diffuse heat from the NoC-based threedimensional (3D) CMPs, using a dynamic programming (DP)-based distributed control architecture. Moreover, a new approach for efficient extension of two-dimensional (2D) partially-adaptive routing algorithms to 3D is presented. This approach improves three-dimensional networkon- chip (3D NoC) routing adaptivity while ensuring deadlock-freeness. Finally, the proposed thermal-adaptive routing is implemented in field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and implementation challenges, for both thermal sensing and the dynamic control architecture are addressed. The proposed routing implementation is evaluated in terms of both functionality and performance. The methodologies and architectures proposed in this thesis open a new direction for improving the power and thermal integrity of future NoC-based 2D and 3D many-core architectures.
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Thiem, Alexander. "Optimiser based recommendations for physical database design." [Ilmenau] : [Univ.-Bibliothek] [Vertrieb], 2008. http://d-nb.info/991241185/34.
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Pang, Yingxin. "Floorplanning algorithms for VLSI physical design automation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9970677.
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Page, Matthew E. (Matthew Edwin) 1975. "Blending engineering modeling, industrial design, and physical prototyping in product design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28225.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64).
Engineering simulation models, industrial design form models, and physical experimentation through prototypes are critical elements of successful product design. However, the three disciplines are disconnected and the direction of simulations, form models, and physical prototypes often diverge increasingly as product detail is developed. This divergence often results in an expensive and time consuming design cycle and inferior product quality. The first 10% of the cycle is taken up largely by conceptual design, an iterative stage that requires close interaction between industrial designers, modelers and engineers. In the current state of the art, information is often lost when models are approximately reconstructed from physical prototypes, CAD or surface models. A new approach to the conceptual design cycle is developed and applications for the design of consumer products are discussed. The tools that make up the cycle work together to create a flexible, iterative design environment. Industrial designers, engineers, and modelers generate and exchange form concepts, alternating between physical and digital representations of product geometry. Rapid alternation between the physical and digital domain is enabled and information flow between iterations is improved.
by Matthew E. Page.
S.M.
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Jiang, Zhanyuan. "Performance and power optimization in VLSI physical design." Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85791.
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As VLSI technology enters the nanoscale regime, a great amount of efforts have
been made to reduce interconnect delay. Among them, buffer insertion stands out
as an effective technique for timing optimization. A dramatic rise in on-chip buffer
density has been witnessed. For example, in two recent IBM ASIC designs, 25% gates
are buffers.
In this thesis, three buffer insertion algorithms are presented for the procedure
of performance and power optimization. The second chapter focuses on improving circuit performance under inductance effect. The new algorithm works under
the dynamic programming framework and runs in provably linear time for multiple
buffer types due to two novel techniques: restrictive cost bucketing and efficient delay
update. The experimental results demonstrate that our linear time algorithm consistently outperforms all known RLC buffering algorithms in terms of both solution
quality and runtime. That is, the new algorithm uses fewer buffers, runs in shorter
time and the buffered tree has better timing.
The third chapter presents a method to guarantee a high fidelity signal transmission in global bus. It proposes a new redundant via insertion technique to reduce
via variation and signal distortion in twisted differential line. In addition, a new
buffer insertion technique is proposed to synchronize the transmitted signals, thus
further improving the effectiveness of the twisted differential line. Experimental results demonstrate a 6GHz signal can be transmitted with high fidelity using the new
approaches. In contrast, only a 100MHz signal can be reliably transmitted using a
single-end bus with power/ground shielding. Compared to conventional twisted differential line structure, our new techniques can reduce the magnitude of noise by 45%
as witnessed in our simulation.
The fourth chapter proposes a buffer insertion and gate sizing algorithm for
million plus gates. The algorithm takes a combinational circuit as input instead of
individual nets and greatly reduces the buffer and gate cost of the entire circuit.
The algorithm has two main features: 1) A circuit partition technique based on the
criticality of the primary inputs, which provides the scalability for the algorithm, and
2) A linear programming formulation of non-linear delay versus cost tradeoff, which
formulates the simultaneous buffer insertion and gate sizing into linear programming
problem. Experimental results on ISCAS85 circuits show that even without the circuit
partition technique, the new algorithm achieves 17X speedup compared with path
based algorithm. In the meantime, the new algorithm saves 16.0% buffer cost, 4.9%
gate cost, 5.8% total cost and results in less circuit delay.
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Sen, Sagar. "A model-driven approach to design engineered physical systems /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101173.
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The constant growth in complexity of engineered physical (electrical, mechanical etc.) systems has led to the development of software tools to store and reuse design knowledge to simplify the creation of such systems. Models that encode structure and behaviour of components in the system are currently being developed based on the techniques prescribed by Model Driven Engineering (MDE). We use MDE concepts to develop appropriate modelling formalisms to allow creation of models of a target Engineered Physical System ( EPS) at different levels of abstraction. Each level of abstraction presents a certain view of the EPS to a domain expert in the development team. For instance, a high-level view is suitable for a person in a managerial role. An engineer who deals with the same system at a lower level of abstraction develops a model using idealized physical components. A physicist's concern is the physical meaningfulness of the model. The physicist's model verifies if the model prescribed by the manager via the engineer adheres to the laws of conservation of energy and momentum. Finally, a mathematician or a computer scientist obtains a solution to the constrained equations imposed by the dynamical system by solving it analytically or numerically. This model usually takes the form of a set of Differential Algebraic Equations provided by the physicist.We design model transformations to transform models from a high-level modelling language to lower-level language. We present visual Graph Grammar rules to perform these transformations. We start with a high-level representation of the physical system which is a model in the High-level Physical System Model modelling language. This model is transformed in subsequent steps to a set of trajectories that describe the state of the physical system over time. We show that this hierarchy of transformations to encode knowledge about physical systems drastically reduces design space size at the high-level of abstraction. We search the space of an example EPS using a design heuristic based randomized algorithm to determine the speedup in search due to reduction in the number of design variables.
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Agas, Evangelos. "The importance of physical prototping in an iterative product design process." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16403.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Design de Produto apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Toda a teoria deve ser suportada por factos e experiências práticas para que sejam eficazes, por isso foi escolhido o estágio acadêmico como trabalho final de graduação do Mestrado em Design de Produto. O Design de Produto é um processo complexo de resolução de problemas que evidenciam as habilidades cognitivas do designer. As ferramentas como a prototipagem e os métodos de design são utilizadas como auxiliares no processo de design. Durante cinco meses foi realizado um estágio de design na “INNGAGE”, empresa especializada em design de produtos de consumo, por forma a obter uma melhor compreensão das ferramentas e aplicabilidade destas no processo de design real. O foco deste trabalho é o uso da Prototipagem Física como abordagem sistemática para o desenvolvimento de produtos. Numa primeira abordagem foi utilizada a literatura com o objetivo de adquirir uma dimensão técnica e crítica nos campos em estudo. Posteriormente e durante o estágio, foi aplicada uma metodologia qualitativa intervencionista, onde a principal actividade foi o desenvolvimento de protótipos por forma a suportar este processo. A bem-sucedida realização desta experiência no campo do design de produto, levou ao desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos em ferramentas de prototipagem e métodos de design, bem como a capacidade de trabalhar em ambiente profissional. Com este estágio a empresa também beneficiou de um aumento do número de projectos em portfolio, com abordagens de design mais estruturadas e uma utilização de métodos de prototipagem mais avançados.
ABSTRACT: Theory must be backed up by practical experience, to be more effective. For this reason an academic internship was selected as a graduation final project of the Master’s degree in Product Design. Product design is a complex problem-solving process that stresses the finite cognitive abilities of the designer. Designers use tools such as prototyping and design methods to help them during the design process to arrive to a reliable solution. To get a better understanding of these tools and how they are applied in the real-world design process, an academic internship was conducted in the design studio INNGAGE, specialized in consumer product design. The focus of this work was the use of Physical Prototyping in a systematic design approach to product development. First, literature review was conducted, with the aim of acquiring a theoretical and critical dimension on the fields under study. During the internship a qualitative interventionist methodology was applied. The main activity was product development and fabrication of physical prototypes to support this process. The successful realization of this experience resulted in the considerable enrichment of knowledge for the student in the fields of product design, prototyping tools and design methods, along with the gain of practical experience working in a professional environment. This internship also benefited the company by expanding the portfolio of projects with a more structured design approach, together with a wider utilization of more advanced prototyping methods.
N/A
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Gu, Chongyan. "Lightweight physical unclonable functions circuit design and analysis." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lightweight-physical-unclonable-functions-circuit-design-and-analysis(6b0e0903-ce49-4927-9bb6-e88db530ea67).html.
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With the increasing emergence of mobile electronic devices over the last two decades, they are now ubiquitous and can be found in our homes, our cars, our workplaces etc., and have the potential to revolutionise how we interact with the world today. This has led to a high demand for cryptographic devices that can provide authentication to protect user privacy and data security; however conventional cryptographic approaches suffer from a number of shortcomings. Also, today’s mobile devices are low-cost, low-power, embedded devices that are restricted both in memory and computing power. Hence, conventional cryptographic approaches are typically unsuitable as they incur significant timing, energy and area overhead. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are a novel security primitive which utilise the inherent variations that occur during manufacturing processing in order to generate a unique intrinsic identifier for a device. This gives it an advantage over current state-of-the-art alternatives. No special manufacturing processes are required to integrate a PUF into a design lowering the overall cost of the 1C, and everything can be kept on-chip enabling the PUF to be utilised as a hardware root of trust for all security or identity related operations on the device. This enables a multitude of higher level operations based on secure key storage and chip authentication. However, the design and implementation of PUF digital circuits is challenging, particularly for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. Since the circuits depend upon process variations, even small changes in environmental conditions, such as voltage or temperature, or unbalanced design that introduces skew, will affect their performance. In this thesis, a number of novel lightweight PUF techniques are proposed and experimentally validated. Furthermore, previously reported PUF techniques are evaluated and compared with the proposed designs in terms of efficiency and a range of performance metrics.
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Donnal, John Sebastian. "Wattsworth : a vision for cyber physical system design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106079.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 347-355).
The combination of powerful and inexpensive embedded computers, advanced sensor technology, and high speed wireless networks could revolutionize how we interact with our physical environment. Sensor networks that provide real time feedback offer significant value in terms of energy reduction, fault detection, equipment diagnostics, monitoring, security and more. This revolution will not happen in a positive way without a clear vision of how sensor, network, and control technologies can be applied to enhance human abilities and improve our lives. Such systems have been frustratingly difficult to implement. An old dilemma is becoming increasingly apparent. Networking provides remote access to information and control inputs. Gathering useful information, however, may require the installation of an expensive and intrusive array of sensors. Without this array, networked control provides colorful but minimally useful real information. Technological marvels like solid-state or micro-electromechanical sensors may ultimately reduce the cost of individual sensors through mass-production. They may not, however, reduce installation expense. They also do nothing to recover waste of resources. Even with the array, it may be difficult for a facilities operator to make informed control and maintenance decisions that intelligently affect mission critical components. Large datasets remain difficult to use. This thesis presents a design approach for creating cyber physical infrastructure that addresses these challenges to delivering actionable real time feedback. At the core of the system is a suite of non-intrusive sensors that dramatically reduce the cost of data acquisition. These sensors process and store data locally, without any dependency on external servers. This removes the security and privacy concerns that plague conventional sensor networks. A decentralized cloud infrastructure securely connects users to sensor platforms and provides powerful visualization and programming interfaces to customize data presentation. This works covers the complete system design from embedded analog sensors to enterprise grade backend server architecture, to the frontend human computer interface. Such a wholistic design approach is critical to ensure a cyber physical system delivers quantifiable value to the end user. Several case studies illustrate the success of this design approach, including an automatic watch stander system for the US Coast Guard, an energy monitoring platform for a US Army Base, and realtime equipment diagnostic platforms installed in a wide variety of environments including an Army hospital and a local elementary school.
by John Donnal.
Ph. D.
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Teodorov, Ciprian. "Model-driven physical design for future nanoscale architectures." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2050.
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Actuellement, comme la technologie CMOS arrive à ses limites, plusieurs alternatives architecturales nanométriques sont étudiées. Ces architectures partagent des caractéristiques communes, comme par exemple la régularité d’assemblage, qui contraint le placement de dispositifs physiques à des motifs réguliers. Par conséquence, les activités de recherche dans ce domaine sont focalisées autour des structures régulières similaires, d’un point de vue conceptuel, aux architectures reconfigurables de type PLA et FPGA. Parmi ces différents travaux, on peut citer CMOL, FPNI, NASIC. Ces prototypes architecturaux sont conçus pour répondre à des contraintes de fabrication et incluent des politiques de tolérance aux défauts. Par contre, il manque la possibilité d’exploiter ces expériences et d’offrir une solution qui, en capitalisant les résultats obtenus, puisse offrir une infrastructure unique pour les futures recherches dans ce domaine. Ceci est vrai surtout au niveau du flot de conception physique ciblant l’automatisation du processus de création de circuit. Le partage de métriques, outils et supports d’exploration est le futur défi de la communauté nano-électronique. On répond à ce problème en proposant un flot de conception physique, reposant sur une méthodologie de développement dirigé par les modèles, qui factorise les concepts métiers et réifie les éléments du flot de conception. Nous avons utilisé ce flot pour explorer l’espace de conception d’une nouvelle architecture nano-métrique et on a montré qu’une telle démarche permet la convergence du processus de conception à l’aide de fréquentes évaluations quantitatives. De plus, cette méthodologie permet l’évolution incrémentielle de l’architecture et du flot de conceptionIn the context where the traditional CMOS technology approaches its limits, some nanowire-based fabric proposals emerged, which all exhibit some common key characteristics. Among these, their bottom-up fabrication process leads to a regularity of assembly, which means the end of custom-made computational fabrics in favor of regular structures. Hence, research activities in this area, focus on structures conceptually similar to today’s reconfigurable PLA and/or FPGA architectures. A number of different fabrics and architectures are currently under investigation, e. G. CMOL , FPNI, NASIC. These proof-of-concept architectures take into account sortie fabrication constraints and support fault-tolerance techniques. What is still missing is the ability to capitalize on these experiments while offering a one-step shopping point for further research, especially at the physical-design level of the circuit design tool-flow. Sharing metrics, tools, and exploration capabilities is the next challenge to the nano-computing community. We address this problem by proposing a model-driven physical-design toolkit based on the factorization of common domain-specific concepts and the reification of the tool-flow. We used this tool-flow to drive the design-space exploration in the context of a novel nanoscale architecture, and we showed that such an approach assures design convergence based on frequent quantitative evaluations, moreover it enables incremental evolution of the architecture and the automation flow
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Guo, Pei-Ning. "Floorplan and placement approaches for VLSI physical design /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9914071.
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ANDERSSON, ALEXANDER, and KARL ESSUNGER. "Physical or Digital Payments : Towards a Dominant Design?" Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236483.
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Rapid digitalisation development has been stampeding widely across today’s societies, and not least in the payment industry. Though, the digitalisation in the payment industry has been very deviating, even between similar well-developed countries, and while there are positive and negative effects with both digital- and physical payment means, there is little knowledge that highlights the influencing factors and accompanied problems. This study therefore explore swhich, and how, different factors influence a country’s degree of digital payments, and creates further understanding of where the payment markets are heading in the future. It is done through a case study of four different industrialised countries, Sweden, Italy, Canada, and Switzerland which involves mapping the countries’ payment markets, as well as potential factors influencing a population’s payment habits, through a perspective of innovation theory in terms of dominant designs and technological discontinuities. Theory of network externalities and two-sided platforms are further used to explain and discuss how a two-sided market, likethe payment market, is affected by changes and other circumstances in different ways.Conclusions are then drawn from the used theories together with a comparison of the findings,and identifies certain influencers to a country’s distribution of payments, as well as provides indications of where the different payments markets are heading in the future. Data is mainly gathered through written material and credible databases, but also from semi-structured interviews.Den snabba digitaliseringen har slagit sig fram i dagens samhällen, och inte minst i betalningsindustrin. Dock har digitaliseringen i betalningsindustrin varit mycket avvikande mellan liknande välutvecklade länder, och medan det finns positiva och negativa effekter med både digitala och fysiska betalningsmedel, finns det inte mycket kunskap om påverkandefaktorer och medföljande problem. Denna studie undersöker därför vilka, och hur, olika faktorer påverkar ett lands grad av digitala betalningar, och vidare skapar ytterligare förståelse för var betalningsmarknaderna är på väg framöver. Detta görs genom en fallstudie av fyra olika industrialiserade länder, Sverige, Italien, Kanada och Schweiz, som innebär en kartläggning av ländernas betalningsmarknader, och av potentiella faktorer som påverkar befolkningens betalningsvanor, genom ett perspektiv från innovationsteori i form av dominerande design och tekniska diskontinuiteter. Teori om nätverksexternaliteter och tvåsidiga plattformar används vidare för att förklara och diskutera hur en tvåsidig marknad som betalningsmarknadenpåverkas av förändringar och andra omständigheter. Slutsatser dras sedan från de användateorierna tillsammans med en jämförelse av resultaten och identifierar påverkande faktorer tillett lands betalningsdistribution, samt ger indikationer på var de olika betalningsmarknaderna är på väg framöver. Data samlades huvudsakligen in genom skriftligt material och från tillförlitliga databaser, men även från semistrukturerade intervjuer.
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Schuster, Michael Jeremy. "PHYSICAL TESTING OF POTENTIAL FOOTBALL HELMET DESIGN ENHANCEMENTS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1596.
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Football is a much loved sport in the United States. Unfortunately, it is also hard on the players and puts them at very high risk of concussion. To combat this an inventor in Santa Barbara brought a new design to Cal Poly to be tested.
The design was tested in small scale first in order to make some preliminary conclusions about the design. In order to fully test the helmet design; however, full scale testing was required. In order to carry out this testing a drop tower was built based on National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, NOCSAE, specification. The drop tower designed for Cal Poly is a lower cost and highly portable version of the standard NOCSAE design. Using this drop tower and a 3D printed prototype the new design was tested in full scale.
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Wang, Tao. "Wireless Physical Layer Design for Confidentiality and Authentication." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7985.
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As various of wireless techniques have been proposed to achieve fast and efficient data communication, it’s becoming increasingly important to protect wireless communications from being undermined by adversaries. A secure and reliable wireless physical layer design is essential and critical to build a solid foundation for upper layer applications. This dissertation present two works that explore the physical layer features to secure wireless communications towards the data confidentiality and user authentication.
The first work builds a reliable wireless communication system to enforce the location restricted service access control. In particular, the work proposes a novel technique named pinpoint waveforming to deliver the services to users at eligible locations only. The second work develops a secure far proximity identification approach that can determine whether a remote device is far away, thus preventing potential spoofing attacks in long-haul wireless communications. This dissertation lastly describes some future work efforts, designing a light-weight encryption scheme to facilitate sensitive data encryption for applications which cannot support expensive cryptography encryption operations such as IoT devices.
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Gonzalez, Manuel Guillen. "Spherical mosaic construction using physical analogy for consistent image alignment." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1999. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20297/.
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The research contained in this thesis is an investigation into mosaic construction. Mosaic techniques are used to obtain images with a large field of view by assembling a sequence of smaller individual overlapping images. In existing methods of mosaic construction only successive images are aligned. Accumulation of small alignment errors occur, and in the case of the image path returning to a previous position in the mosaic, a significant mismatch between nonconsecutive images will result (looping path problem). A new method for consistently aligning all the images in a mosaic is proposed in this thesis. This is achieved by distribution of the small alignment errors. Each image is allowed to modify its position relative to its neighbour images in the mosaic by a small amount with respect to the computed registration. Two images recorded by a rotating ideal camera are related by the same transformation that relates the camera's sensor plane at the time the images were captured. When two images overlap, the intensity values in both images coincide through the intersection line of the sensor planes. This intersection line has the property that the images can be seamlessly joined through that line. An analogy between the images and the physical world is proposed to solve the looping path problem. The images correspond to rigid objects, and these are linked with forces which pull them towards the right positions with respect to their neighbours. That is, every pair of overlapping images are "hinged" through their corresponding intersection line. Aided by another constraint named the spherical constraint, this network of selforganising images has the ability of distributing itself on the surface of a sphere. As a direct result of the new concepts developed in this research work, spherical mosaics (i.e. mosaics with unlimited horizontal and vertical field of view) can be created.
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Walton, Roy Hugh. "Physical Designs for Safe schools." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40397.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate and report the perceptions of principals of high schools built prior to 1999 and high school principals of high schools built in the past five years as well as the perceptions of architects who build and design schools on the physical design elements that support a safe school environment. Qualitative methods of survey research were utilized to collect, analyze and interpret the data regarding the perceptions of principals and architects on the design elements that influence safety in select old and new high schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Data collection consisted of recorded and transcribed interviews from a select group of questions tailored for each group of participants. The data were analyzed and emergent themes were generated from the results of the transcribed interviews.
The analyzed data found consistency in all three groups in their response to the interview questions. Common themes from all three groups focused on wide open spaces that increase visibility and hallways wide enough to support the smooth flow of students. All three groups mentioned controlling access to the building by the use of security vestibules and the use of cameras to record and provide surveillance as design elements that support a safe school environment. The location of the school office was cited by all three groups as paramount to school safety. The ability of staff to see who enters the school building and the ability to funnel visitors to the main office and not allow access to other parts of the school building was cited as crucial to a safe environment. All three groups spoke of doors and windows and the ability to secure the large number of doors as problematic.
This study also determined the need for doctoral and principal preparation programs to include specific coursework or training that involves principals in the design phase of constructing schools. Principals need to be involved in the planning and design process to insure new and renovated school buildings have the needed safety features they believe will help them in their work of educating students and providing for the safety of faculty and students. The principal should know and understand the workings of a school building and how a school organization operates. The result of such training would allow the principal to anticipate the effectiveness and consequences of certain designs in regards to the movement of students, program demands and requirements.Ed. D.
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Kang, Lulu. "Computer and physical experiments: design, modeling, and multivariate interpolation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34805.
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Many problems in science and engineering are solved through experimental investigations. Because experiments can be costly and time consuming, it is important to efficiently design the experiment so that maximum information about the problem can be obtained. It is also important to devise efficient statistical methods to analyze the experimental data so that none of the information is lost. This thesis makes contributions on several aspects in the field of design and analysis of experiments. It consists of two parts. The first part focuses on physical experiments, and the second part on computer experiments.
The first part on physical experiments contains three works. The first work develops Bayesian experimental designs for robustness studies, which can be applied in industries for quality improvement. The existing methods rely on modifying effect hierarchy principle to give more importance to control-by-noise interactions, which can violate the true effect order of a system because the order should not depend on the objective of an experiment. The proposed Bayesian approach uses a prior distribution to capture the effect hierarchy property and then uses an optimal design criterion to satisfy the robustness objectives. The second work extends the above Bayesian approach to blocked experimental designs. The third work proposes a new modeling and design strategy for mixture-of-mixtures experiments and applies it in the optimization of Pringles potato crisps. The proposed model substantially reduces the number of parameters in the existing multiple-Scheffé model and thus, helps the engineers to design much smaller experiments.
The second part on computer experiments introduces two new methods for analyzing the data. The first is an interpolation method called regression-based inverse distance weighting (RIDW) method, which is shown to overcome some of the computational and numerical problems associated with kriging, particularly in dealing with large data and/or high dimensional problems. In the second work, we introduce a general nonparametric regression method, called kernel sum regression. More importantly, we make an interesting discovery by showing that a particular form of this regression method becomes an interpolation method, which can be used to analyze computer experiments with deterministic outputs.
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Dai, Mehmet Naci Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical and Aerospace. "Automating the analysis of complex physical systems - the virtual foundry." Ottawa, 1994.
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Gummelt, Dominique. "The impact of gameful design on sedentary adults' motivation for physical activity and physical activity levels." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707595.
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Background: Gameful design has been shown to have the potential to increase motivation for and engagement with physical activity (PA). However, at present, there is a significant lack of well-designed frameworks identifying effective pathways to increase PA behaviour. Purpose: To design a rigorous, methodologically sound, theory-grounded framework for developing gamefully designed PA interventions. Methods: Intervention Mapping (IM) was used to develop the study protocol, consisting of three studies. Study 1 encompassed the design of a novel theoretical framework leading to the selection of a gamefully designed PA intervention application. Study 2 entailed the intervention implementation. Participants (n = 83; mean age = 33.56; females = 48) were randomised to a six-week intervention. Data collection over a six-month period included biometric data, objective measurement of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and a detailed PA motivation inventory. Study 3 presented a process evaluation focused on usefulness, effectiveness and feasibility via a systematic mixed-methods approach. Results: Study 1 led to the creation of a new Taxonomy of Situated Motivational Affordances (SMAs) for Gameful Design, the establishment of selection criteria for gamefully designed PA applications and the selection of a commercial application (Fitocracy) for the example case pilot intervention. Study 2 showed no statistically significant change observations in relation to MVPA; however, at six weeks the intervention group showed significant increased levels of identified regulation (internalised motivation) for PA. A significant correlation (p=0.031) between intrinsic regulation and MVPA was verified. Study 3 determined the usefulness of a systematic methodological study design, a low adoption rate of the intervention application and the appreciation of the complex nature of human motivation in relation to PA. Conclusions: Gamefully designed applications grounded in theories such as SDT, BCTs and the newly developed Taxonomy of SMAs for Gameful Design have the potential to be effective in impacting motivation for PA and PA levels.
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Hemeyer, Kristyn. "Active Design: Propelling Movement Through Architecture to Boost Physical Activity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522336964798673.
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Tew, Benjamin Montgomery. "Digital + Physical: Rethinking the Playground." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35253.
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The increasing presence of digital play experiences has become an undeniable part of many childrenâ s lives. These digital experiences have begun to rival traditional physical play. Even with the introduction of the Nintendo Wii digital and physical rarely cross paths. This masters thesis investigates the design of a play experience that embraces digital experience through the combination of handheld wireless technology and playground experiences. The combination of these elements aims to create a play experience that provides the physical and imaginative aspects of traditional play while utilizing the personal, communication, social, competitive, and graphical informational properties of wireless handheld devices. This thesis documents the research, conceptualization and final development of the Funky Bars and Whirly Bird playground pieces.Master of Science
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Choi, Young-Seon. "The physical environment and patient safety: an investigation of physical environmental factors associated with patient falls." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45974.
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Patient falls are the most commonly reported "adverse events" in hospitals, according to studies conducted in the U.S. and elsewhere. The rate of falls is not high (2.3 to 7 falls per 1,000 patient days), but about a third of falls result in injuries or even death, and these preventable events drive up the cost of healthcare and, clearly, are harmful outcomes for the patients involved. This study of a private hospital, Dublin Methodist Hospital, in Dublin, Ohio analyzes data about patient falls and the facility's floor plans and design features and makes direct connections between hospital design and patient falls. This particular hospital, which was relatively recently constructed, offered particular advantages in investigating unit-layout-related environmental factors because of the very uniform configuration of its rooms, which greatly narrowed down the variables under study.
This thesis investigated data about patients who had suffered falls as well as patients with similar characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and diagnosis) who did not suffer falls. This case-control study design helps limit differences between patients. Then patient data was correlated to the location of the fall and environmental characteristics of the locations, analyzed in terms of their layout and floor plan. A key part of this analysis was the development of tools to measure the visibility of the patient's head and body to nurses, the relative accessibility of the patient, the distance from the patient's room to the medication area, and the location of the bathroom in patient rooms (many falls apparently occur during travel to and from these areas).
From the analysis of all this data there emerged a snapshot of the specific rooms in the hospital being analyzed where there was an elevated risk of a patient falling. While this finding is useful for the administrators of that particular facility, the study also developed a number of generally applicable conclusions. The most striking conclusion was that, for a number of reasons, patients whose heads were not visible from caregivers working from their seats in nurses' stations and/or from corridors had a higher risk of falling, in part because staff were unable to intervene in situations where a fall appeared likely to occur. This was also the case with accessibility; patients less accessible within a unit had a higher risk of falling. The implications for hospital design are clear: design inpatient floors to maximize a visible access to patients (especially their heads) from seats in nurses' stations and corridors.
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Prisco, Lauren. "Immersive Theater & The Physical Narrative." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4896.
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Immersive Theater is a form of experimental theater that places spectators at the heart of the created work, by removing them from the constraint of static seats and instead encouraging them to explore an installed environment as a way of understanding the narrative. This thesis explores how Interior Design directly enhances a performance by creating spaces that challenge a spectator’s physical understanding of a narrative.
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Pfister, Cuno Pfister Cuno Pfister Cuno Pfister Cuno. "Callas : a physical design framework for configurable array logic /." Zürich : Verlag der Fachvereine an den schweizerischen Hochschulen und Techniken, 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9940.
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Herrigel, Alexander. "New approaches to physical synthesis in VLSI macrocell design /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9112.
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Gupta, Puneet. "On compensation of systematic manufacturing variations in physical design." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3251353.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 4, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-211).
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Gardiye, Punchihewage Anjana. "Advanced transceiver algorithm design for cognitive radio physical layer." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30557.
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With the ever increasing demand for wireless applications, current wireless systems are challenged to meet the higher data rate and higher reliability requirements. Although the current and future technological developments allow making these requirements reachable, some other resources remain limited. The radio spectrum is one such natural resource. Previous studies have shown that the radio spectrum is not efficiently utilized. Therefore, recent studies are focused on fully utilizing this unexpandable radio spectrum. Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as a possible solution to improve the spectrum utilization by opportunistically exploiting the licenced users transmit spectrum in dynamically changing environments. On the other hand, the development of CR technology raises new challenges of proper design of transmission and receive schemes for CR to facilitate high data rate access and better performance along with high spectral efficiency. To achieve these objectives, in this thesis, advanced transceiver algorithms for CR physical layer are designed to improve the throughput and the error rate performance in hostile wireless channels.
We first designed a linear precoder for orthogonal space-time block coded, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based multiple-input multiple-output antenna CR when operating in correlated Rayleigh fading channels. The linear precoder is designed by minimizing an upper bound on the average pairwise error probability, constrained to a set of per subcarrier power constraints at CR transmitter and a set of primary users interference power thresholds. An efficient algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal precoder matrices. We then proposed a power allocation policy to achieve a lower-bound on the ergodic sum capacity of single-input single-output opportunistic spectrum sharing multiple access channel with imperfect channel estimates. An efficient algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal power allocation for each CR transmitter. Finally, we proposed a blind parameter estimation algorithm for OFDM signal affected by a time-dispersive channel, carrier phase, timing offset, carrier frequency offset and additive Gaussian noise. The cyclostationarity properties of received OFDM signal in time-dispersive channel is exploited to estimate the OFDM parameters. These parameters includes OFDM symbol period, useful symbol period, cyclic prefix factor, number of subcarriers and carrier frequency offset.
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Palatinus, Endre [Verfasser], and Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Dittrich. "Physical design in databases / Endre Palatinus ; Betreuer: Jens Dittrich." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1123071179/34.
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Mo, Ming-Hui, and 莫明輝. "SOC Physical Design Methodology." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50053356593607533476.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系
89
As process technology gets into deep submicro, system-on-a-chip is an essential trend for high performance circuit design. However, physical design is going to be more complex due to larger gate count and new device property, e.g. interconnect delay and noise coupling. In this situation, the design methodology faces a new challenge to resolve the issues of SOC, e.g. timing closure and noise coupling. In this paper, we propose a SOC physical design methodology to satisfy the need for handling deep-submicro effects, and reduce the design cost due to iterative improvement by the integrated design flow.
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Ya-TingShyu and 許雅婷. "Timing-Aware Physical Design Methodologies for Implementing Low Power Designs." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hy2sm9.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
電機工程學系
105
Due to the prevalence of portable electronic products, lower power attracts more attention for circuit designs. However, as technology advances, an SOC design can contain more and more components, which lead to a higher power density. Hence, lower power becomes one of the most important issues in modern VLSI designs. Reducing power consumption not only can enhance battery life but also can avoid performance degradation induced by the overheating problem. There have been many lower power design techniques proposed to reduce system power consumption. Among these techniques, the multi-bit flip-flop and the power-gated are considered as the most effective approaches. Although these two methods both can reduce power consumption, they also increase implementation complexity of the physical design. For instance, we have to replace several single-bit flip-flops by a single multi-bit flip-flop when the multi-bit flip-flop technique is applied to a design. But the timing in an original layout may be affected if an improper set of single-bit flip-flops is selected or a new inserted multi-bit flip-flop is placed at improper location. This will result in performance degradation or even failure in the functionality. Besides, when a power-gated technique is applied to a design, it may cause severe rush current if the turned-on sequence of power switches or their timing are not properly controlled, and thus the reliability of a system is degraded and the response time is increased. This dissertation presents two design methodologies which respectively target on implementing multi-bit flip-flops and power-gated techniques in the physical design. Since both of two techniques may induce timing-related issues, our approaches show the methodologies to resolve these problems and make them feasible in real VLSI designs. The experimental results have demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of our approaches. For the multi-bit flip-flop technique, our algorithm can achieve power reduction and simultaneously minimize wirelength without violating timing constraint. For the power gated technique, the proposed methodology can avoid occurrence of large rush current; hence, the reliability of a design is maintained.