Academic literature on the topic 'Physical Context Modeling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Physical Context Modeling"
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Tundis, Andrea, Lena Buffoni, Peter Fritzson, and Alfredo Garro. "Model-Based Dependability Analysis of Physical Systems with Modelica." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1578043.
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Modelica is an innovative, equation-based, and acausal language that allows modeling complex physical systems, which are made of mechanical, electrical, and electrotechnical components, and evaluates their design through simulation techniques. Unfortunately, the increasing complexity and accuracy of such physical systems require new, more powerful, and flexible tools and techniques for evaluating important system properties and, in particular, the dependability ones such as reliability, safety, and maintainability. In this context, the paper describes some extensions of the Modelica language to support the modeling of system requirements and their relationships. Such extensions enable the requirement verification analysis through native constructs in the Modelica language. Furthermore, they allow exporting a Modelica-based system design as a Bayesian Network in order to analyze its dependability by employing a probabilistic approach. The proposal is exemplified through a case study concerning the dependability analysis of a Tank System.
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Bilinski, Alyssa, Farzad Mostashari, and Joshua A. Salomon. "Modeling Contact Tracing Strategies for COVID-19 in the Context of Relaxed Physical Distancing Measures." JAMA Network Open 3, no. 8 (August 21, 2020): e2019217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19217.
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Ehatisham-ul-Haq, Muhammad, Fiza Murtaza, Muhammad Awais Azam, and Yasar Amin. "Daily Living Activity Recognition In-The-Wild: Modeling and Inferring Activity-Aware Human Contexts." Electronics 11, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020226.
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Advancement in smart sensing and computing technologies has provided a dynamic opportunity to develop intelligent systems for human activity monitoring and thus assisted living. Consequently, many researchers have put their efforts into implementing sensor-based activity recognition systems. However, recognizing people’s natural behavior and physical activities with diverse contexts is still a challenging problem because human physical activities are often distracted by changes in their surroundings/environments. Therefore, in addition to physical activity recognition, it is also vital to model and infer the user’s context information to realize human-environment interactions in a better way. Therefore, this research paper proposes a new idea for activity recognition in-the-wild, which entails modeling and identifying detailed human contexts (such as human activities, behavioral environments, and phone states) using portable accelerometer sensors. The proposed scheme offers a detailed/fine-grained representation of natural human activities with contexts, which is crucial for modeling human-environment interactions in context-aware applications/systems effectively. The proposed idea is validated using a series of experiments, and it achieved an average balanced accuracy of 89.43%, which proves its effectiveness.
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Mowafi, Yaser, and Ahmad Zmily. "An Evaluation Framework for Context of Use in Mobility." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 6, no. 4 (October 2014): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2014100103.
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Context information is commonly linked to various physical and user activities embedded in users' everyday lives. Research has mainly focused on sensing and inferring context information, yet the relevancy among these contexts is rarely investigated. In this paper, the authors propose an analytical framework for modeling and evaluating collected context data and the nature of relevancy among these data towards defining context awareness. They validate the proposed framework on a case study using a dataset that incorporates users' activities in various situations and surrounding environment scenarios. The framework provides preliminary guidelines for determining representative measures of user and physical context in the design and evaluation policies of context awareness in mobile human computer interaction.
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Zhong, Tao, and Hui Wang. "Testing a motivational process model in the context of physical activity." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 47, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8401.
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Using self-determination theory, we examined the mechanism of motivation in the context of physical activity (PA). We conducted structural equation modeling with 431 participants. The results showed general support for the motivational process model, in which a sequence is specified from autonomy support and causality orientations to psychological need satisfaction to self-determined behavioral regulation to PA behavior. These findings aid understanding of the underlying motivational mechanism of PA behavior, and highlight the positive roles of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in psychological need satisfaction, self-determined behavioral regulation, and PA participation.
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Clary, Kim M. "Modeling the Seafloor." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 11, no. 8 (April 2006): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.11.8.0398.
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Using geometry to do geology, “Modeling the Seafloor” is a handson activity in which students construct mathematical and physical models to represent a portion of the ocean's floor. While making a three-dimensional model of the seabed, students use fractions, decimals, conversions of decimals to fractions, scale drawings, formulas, visualization, and other skills. They see mathematics placed in a real-world context, and they use their mathematics skills as part of a process to achieve a meaningful end result.
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Michalakis, Konstantinos, Yannis Christodoulou, George Caridakis, Yorghos Voutos, and Phivos Mylonas. "A Context-Aware Middleware for Context Modeling and Reasoning: A Case-Study in Smart Cultural Spaces." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 5770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135770.
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The proliferation of smart things and the subsequent emergence of the Internet of Things has motivated the deployment of intelligent spaces that provide automated services to users. Context-awareness refers to the ability of the system to be aware of the virtual and physical environment, allowing more efficient personalization. Context modeling and reasoning are two important aspects of context-aware computing, since they enable the representation of contextual data and inference of high-level, meaningful information. Context-awareness middleware systems integrate context modeling and reasoning, providing abstraction and supporting heterogeneous context streams. In this work, such a context-awareness middleware system is presented, which integrates a proposed context model based on the adaptation and combination of the most prominent context categorization schemata. A hybrid reasoning procedure, which combines multiple techniques, is also proposed and integrated. The proposed system was evaluated in a real-case-scenario cultural space, which supports preventive conservation. The evaluation showed that the proposed system efficiently addressed both conceptual aspects, through means of representation and reasoning, and implementation aspects, through means of performance.
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Saez, Miguel A., Francisco P. Maturana, Kira Barton, and Dawn M. Tilbury. "Context-Sensitive Modeling and Analysis of Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems for Anomaly Detection and Diagnosis." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 17, no. 1 (January 2020): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2019.2918562.
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Kindrat, Pavlo, Ihor Voitovych, and Vladimir Mashchenko. "APPLICATION OF COMPUTER MODELING POSSIBILITIES IN THE STUDY OF PHYSICAL MODELS." Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, no. 33(5) (May 31, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2019.5007.33(5)-3.
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The advantages and disadvantages of using a virtual laboratory and computer models in the educational process in physics are identified. The expediency of using virtual laboratories and computer models in the context of mixed physics education is substantiated. To teach future physics teachers to create and use computer models of physical phenomena and processes is carried out in a professionally oriented author's course "Methods of using computer technology in professional activities." The stages of development of a physical model for the formulation of a mathematical problem are described and the implementation on the example of development and use of the program "Dynamic model of an ideal gas" is shown.
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Gao, Qian, and Pengcheng Ma. "Graph Neural Network and Context-Aware Based User Behavior Prediction and Recommendation System Research." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2020 (November 30, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8812370.
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Due to the influence of context information on user behavior, context-aware recommendation system (CARS) has attracted extensive attention in recent years. The most advanced context-aware recommendation system maps the original multi-field features into a shared hidden space and then simply connects it to a deep neural network (DNN) or other specially designed networks. However, for different areas, the ability of modeling complex interactions in a sufficiently flexible and explicit way is limited by the simple unstructured combination of feature fields. Therefore, it is hard to get the accurate results of the user behavior prediction. In this paper, a graph structure is used to establish the interaction between context and users/items. Through modeling user behavior, we can explore user preferences in different context environments, so as to make personalized recommendations for users. In particular, we construct a context-user and context-item interactions graph separately. In the interactions graph, each node is composed of a user feature field, an item feature field, and a feature field of different contexts. Different feature fields can interact through edges. Therefore, the task of modeling feature interaction can be transformed into modeling the node interaction on the corresponding graph. To this end, an innovative model called context-aware graph neural network (CA-GNN) model is designed. Furthermore, in order to obtain more accurate and efficient recommendation results, first, we innovatively use the attention mechanism to improve the interpretability of CA-GNN; second, we innovatively use the degree of physical fatigue features which has never been used in traditional CARS as critical contextual feature information into our CA-GNN. We simulated the Food and Yelp datasets. The experimental results show that CA-GNN is better than other methods in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physical Context Modeling"
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Sjöstedt, Carl-Johan. "Modeling and Simulation of Physical Systems in a Mechatronic Context." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Avd.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10522.
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This thesis gives different views on the modeling and simulation of physical systems, especially together with embedded systems, forming mechatronic systems. The main considered application domain is automotive. One motivation behind the work is to find suitable representations of physical systems to be used in an architectural description language for automotive embedded systems, EAST-ADL2, which is implemented as a UML2 profile, and uses concepts from both UML and SysML. As a part of the thesis, several languages and tools are investigated, including bond graphs, MATLAB/Simulink, Ptolemy II, Modelica, MATLAB/Simscape and SysML. For SysML, the modeling of continuous-time systems and how it relates to MATLAB/Simulink and Modelica is evaluated. A case study of an electric power assisted steering is modeled to show the differences, the similarities and the usage of the above mentioned languages and tools. To be able to classify the tools and languages, five realization levels were developed: Physical modeling models Constraint models Continuous causal models Discretized models Discretized models with solver and platform implementation By using these realization levels, models, tools and modeling languages can be classified, and transformations between them can be set up and analyzed. As a result, a method to describe the simulation behavior of a MATLAB/Simulink model has been developed using SysML activity diagrams as an approach to achieve integrated system models. Another result is an evaluation of the parametric diagrams of SysML for continuous-time modeling, which shows that they do not enable “physical modeling”, i.e. modeling the topology of the system and getting the underlying equations out of this topology. By including physical ports and physical connectors to SysML internal block diagrams, this could be solved. The comparison also shows many similarities between the languages. The results led to a more detailed investigation on conjugate variables, such as force and velocity, and electric current and voltage, and how these are treated in various languages. The thesis also includes two industrial case studies: one of a twin-screw compressor, and one of a simulation environment for automotive fuel-cell systems. Conclusions are drawn from these models, referring to the realization levels.QC 20100810
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Sjöstedt, Carl-Johan. "Modeling and simulation of physical systems in a mechatronic context /." Stockholm : Skolan för indutstriell teknik och managemnet, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10522.
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Gopalkrishnan, Purnima. "Abusive Supervision and Group-Level Perceptions: Looking at the Social Context of Abuse in the Workplace." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1356791768.
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Badawi, Hawazin Faiz. "DT-DNA: Devising a DNA Paradigm for Modeling Health Digital Twins." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41906.
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The potential of Digital twin (DT) technology outside of the industrial field has been recognized by researchers who have promoted the vision of applying DTs technology beyond manufacturing, to purposes such as enhancing human well-being and improving quality of life (QoL). The expanded definition of DTs to incorporate living and nonliving physical entities into the definition of DTs was a key motivation behind the model introduced in this thesis for building health digital twins of citizens. In contrast with DTs that have been developed in more industrial fields, this type of digital twins modeling necessitates protecting each citizen's unique identity while also representing features common to all citizens in a unified way. In nature, DNA is an example of a model that is both unified, common to all humans, and unique, distinguishing each human as an individual. DNA’s architecture is what inspired us to propose a digital twin DNA (DT-DNA) model as the basis for building health DTs for citizens. A review of the literature shows that no unified model for citizens’ health has been developed that can act as a base for building digital twins of citizens while also protecting their unique identity thus we aim to fill this gap in this research. Accordingly, in this thesis, we proposed a DT-DNA model, which is specifically designed to protect the unique identity of each citizen’s digital twin, similar to what DNA does for each human. We also proposed a DT-DNA-based framework to build standardized health digital twins of citizens on micro, meso and macro levels using two ISO standards: ISO/IEEE 11073 (X73) and ISO 37120. To achieve our goal, we started by analyzing the biological DNA model and the influencing factors shaping health in smart cities. The purpose of the first is to highlight the DNA model features which provide the building blocks for our DT-DNA model. The purpose of the latter is to determine the main bases of our DT-DNA model of health DTs. Based on the analysis results; we proposed DT-DNA to model health DTs for citizens. In keeping with our DNA analogy, we have identified four bases, A, T, G, and C, for our unified and unique DT-DNA model. The A base in the proposed model represents a citizen’s anthropometric when we build the DT-DNA on an individual level and represents the city’s regulatory authorities when we build the DT-DNA on community and city levels. The T base represents different tasks included in the provided health data that are required to model citizens’ health DT-DNA on different levels. The G base represents the geographic and temporal information of the city, where the citizen exists at the time of data collection. The C base represents the context at the time of data collection. To proof the concept, we present our initial work on building health DTs for citizens in four case studies. The first two case studies are dedicated for health DTs at the micro level, the third case study is dedicated for health DTs at the meso level and the fourth case study is dedicated for health DTs at the macro level. In addition, we developed an algorithm to compare cities in terms of their community fitness and health services status. The four case studies provide promising results in terms of applicability of the proposed DT-DNA model and framework in handling the health data of citizens, communities and cities, collected through various sources, and presenting them in a standardized, unique model.
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Southey, Philip. ""Concept" and "Context": Toward modelling understanding in Physics Education research." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27857.
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"Context sensitivity" is a core issue in physics education research (PER). Why does student understanding of a concept depend so crucially on the context in which it is embedded? This dissertation attempts to answer this question by using a variety of theoretical tools to model understanding. We conducted three empirical studies which probed context sensitivity of student understanding of (i) Vector Addition; (ii) The FCI (Force Concept Inventory); and (iii) the learning of the concept of a Mathematical Group. (i) Regarding vector addition, we discovered context sensitivities involving the type of physical quantity added (e.g. force or momentum); the textual prompts "total", "net" and "resultant"; and the object on which a force acts. (ii) In the FCI, we discovered a moderate context sensitivity to unfamiliar words (i.e. when familiar words like "box" were substituted for unfamiliar words like "kist".) This sensitivity was moderately correlated with the difficulty of the question. (iii) Previous studies have shown that learners exhibit a sensitivity to the concreteness of the learning condition of a Mathematical Group; our study shows that students are engaged in different types of activity in these conditions. A variety of theoretical tools from PER, Cognitive Linguistics, Cognitive Psychology and other areas of Education Research are used to model student understanding in these various studies. Three key insights emerged. (a) The importance of one's model of "concept" - how it relates to the notion of "context", and how one chooses an appropriate grain size. (b) The difference between "expert" and "novice" - how this difference influences one's model of "concept", and how it influences one's notion of "sameness" and "difference". (c) Student reasoning - how a framing of a situation might result in fast, associative, linguistic reasoning on the one hand, or slow, deliberate simulative reasoning on the other. Finally, this thesis is grounded in Wittgensteinian ordinary language philosophy which maintains that notions of "concept", "context" and "understanding" obtain meaning not be referring to some transcendental "thing", but by being embedded in our messy form of life. In other words, by modelling understanding we are not approaching the "true meaning" of the term. Instead we are demonstrating how our various models are constitutive of what we mean when we say: "My students understand this concept".
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Dietz, Laura Elizabeth. "Effect of the Science Teaching Advancement through Modeling Physical Science Professional Development Workshop on Teachers' Attitudes, Beliefs and Content Knowledge and Students' Content Knowledge." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1404125737.
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Chaves, Café Daniel. "Multi-level modeling for verification and synthesis of complex systems in a multi-physics context." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0019/document.
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À l'ère de systèmes électroniques intégrés, les ingénieurs font face au défi de concevoir et de tester des systèmes hétérogènes contenant des parties analogiques, numériques, mécaniques et même du logiciel embarqué. Cela reste très difficile car il n'y a pas d'outil unifiant ces différents domaines de l’ingénierie. Ces systèmes, dits hétérogènes, ont leur comportement exprimées et spécifiés par plusieurs formalismes, chacun particulier à son domaine d'expertise (diagramme de machines à état pour les circuits de contrôle numérique, équations différentielles pour les modèles mécaniques, ou bien des réseaux de composants pour les circuits analogiques). Les outils de conception existants sont destinés à traiter des systèmes homogènes en utilisant un seul formalisme à la fois. Dans l'état actuel, l'industrie se bat avec des problèmes d'intégration à chaque étape de la conception, à savoir la spécification, la simulation, la validation et le déploiement. L'absence d'une approche qui comprend les spécifications des interfaces inter-domaines est souvent la cause des problèmes d'intégration de différentes parties d'un système hétérogène. Cette thèse propose une approche pour faire face à l'hétérogénéité en utilisant SysML comme outil fédérateur. Notre proposition repose sur la définition d'une sémantique explicite pour les diagrammes SysML ainsi que des éléments d'adaptation sémantiques capables d'enlever les ambiguïtés dans les interfaces multi-domaines. Pour démontrer l'efficacité de ce concept, un ensemble d'outils basés sur l'ingénierie dirigé par les modèles a été construit pour générer du code exécutable automatiquement à partir des spécificationsIn the era of highly integrated electronics systems, engineers face the challenge of designing and testing multi-faceted systems with single-domain tools. This is difficult and error-prone. These so called heterogeneous systems have their operation and specifications expressed by several formalisms, each one particular to specific domains or engineering fields (software, digital hardware, analog, etc.). Existing design tools are meant to deal with homogeneous designs using one formalism at a time. In the current state, industry is forced to battle with integration issues at every design step, i.e. specification, simulation, validation and deployment. Common divide-to-conquer approaches do not include cross-domain interface specification from the beginning of the project. This lack is often the cause of issues and rework while trying to connect parts of the system that were not designed with the same formalism. This thesis proposes an approach to deal with heterogeneity by embracing it from the beginning of the project using SysML as the unifying tool. Our proposal hinges on the assignment of well-defined semantics to SysML diagrams, together with semantic adaptation elements. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this concept, a toolchain is built and used to generate systems simulation executable code automatically from SysML specifications for different target languages using model driven engineering techniques
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Essa, Irfan A. (Irfan Aziz). "Contact detection, collision forces and friction for physically based virtual world modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14054.
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Rauen, William Bonino. "Physical and numerical modelling of 3-D flow and mixing processes in contact tanks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55985/.
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Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Numerical Modelling, Physical Modelling, Contact Tanks, Hydrodynamics, Hydraulic Efficiency, Solute Transport, Mixing Processes, Finite Volume Method, Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry, Tracer Techniques.
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Hagger, Martin S. "The role of perceived control in the theory of planned behaviour in a physical activity context with children." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7265.
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A series of studies aimed to examine the role of perceived behavioural control in Ajzen's (1985) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in a physical activity context with children aged 12-14 years. A broader, more differentiated role of perceived control was envisaged in the theory based on the conceptualisation of control and perceived competence put forward by Skinner (1995). The first two studies examined the role of control with respect to the TPB model variables and past behaviour. Study 1 investigated the relations between intention, behaviour, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control in 181 children. It was hypothesised that attitude, perceived control and subjective norms would be related to intention and intention to behaviour. In addition, it was hypothesised that the covariation between control and attitude observed in previous studies could be better explained by the specification of a direct path between perceived control and attitude. Path analysis confirmed the theoretical relations between the TPB variables and, uniquely, the existence of a perceived control- attitude path forming a triadic arrangement with attitude and intention. It was concluded that perceived control governed two routes to the formation of intentions: a direct, spontaneousp ath and an indirect, more deliberative path via attitudes. This relationship was subsequently confirmed in a sample of 382 children in Study 2 using latent measures of attitude and control. The study demonstrated that direct attitude-intention and attitude-behaviour paths regulated the intention-behaviour relationship and attenuated the control -intention relationship to zero. Further, past behaviour predicted control but not intentions or prospective behaviour suggesting that perceived control includes judgements regarding previous control experiences. Since Studies I and 2 indicated the diverse influence of control on the TPB variables, Study 3 diversified the perceived control variable according to Skinner's (1995) conceptualisation of control. This was achieved through the inclusion of a measure of self-efficacy alongside perceived control in a study of 1152 children. The resulting non-standard model using both latent and observed measures, indicated that self-efficacy regulated the control-intention relationship, while control remained an indirect predictor of intention via attitudes. It was concluded that the spontaneous pathway was largely due to the aspects of control related to past experiences of confidence or self-efficacy. This justified the diversification of the perceived control variable and indicated that when young people consider the control they have over certain behaviours, they refer to a number of different perceptions. To further examine the role of perceived control and examine the origins of the cognitive variables in the TPB, Study 4 examined perceived control from a human needs perspective in 1088 children. The measures included more general, domain-specific rather than behaviour- specific measures of perceived control and locus of causality (PLOC). The latter variables represented the human needs for competence and autonomy, which are hypothesised to be motivational in nature (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Results indicated that relative autonomy predicted perceived behavioural control and attenuated the control-intention relationship to zero. This suggested that autonomy was the driving force behind the process of intern ali sation, in which a person assimilates a behaviour by continual competence satisfying experiences. A final study aimed to confirm the triadic relationships between attitude, perceived control and intention in the TPB by a cumulative analysis of these relationships using the data from Studies 1-4. Meta-analytical techniques were used to produce cumulative correlations corrected for measurement and sampling error between the TPB relationships. Results indicated that the variation in the correlations may have been due to more than just sampling error, indicating the existence of moderating variables. A path analysis using these correlations indicated that the atti tude- intention relationship in the triadic arrangement tended to be attenuated by the control-intention relationship. This series of studies indicate that Perceived behavioural control is an important and diverse predictor of intention in the TPB. In particular, control was shown to be an antecedent of attitudes as well as a direct predictor of intentions and that spontaneous intention formation from control perceptions may have been due to self-efficacy beliefs and past behavioural beliefs being encompassed by perceived control. Finally, the adoption of self-determination theory indicated that more general motives for engaging in physical activity behaviour were antecedent variables of control, attitudes and intention from a social cognitive approach. Such theories helped interpret the relationships in the TPB, in particular the role of control as an important variable in the process of internalisation.
Books on the topic "Physical Context Modeling"
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Zaitsev, Fedor, and Vladimir Bychkov. Mathematical modeling of electromag-netic and gravitational phenomena by the methodology of continuous media mechanics. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2011.978-5-317-06604-8.
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The book of well-known Russian scientists systematically presents a new theoretical approach to studying nature's fundamental phenomena using the hypothesis of the physical vacuum, or the ether, as some environment in which all the processes develop. In the proposed studies, the ether is represented as some one-component continuous media that satisfies generally accepted conservation laws: of matter and momentum. From the appropriate two equations, a number of consequences are obtained to which a physical interpretation is given. For the first time, 150 years after studies of Faraday and Maxwell, it is shown that these single premises mathematically give basic physical laws established experimentally: the Maxwell equations, the Lorentz force, the Gauss theorem; the laws: Coulomb, Biot - Savard, Ampere, electromagnetic induction, Ohm, Joule - Lenz, Wiedemann - Franz, universal gravitation, and etc. Details of mechanisms of many processes, that seemed previously paradoxical, have been disclosed. A method of the model substantiation adopted in the mathematical modeling methodology allows to conclude that the presented mathematical model of the ether adequately describes electromagnetic and gravitational processes. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of hundreds of known and new experimental facts allows in the methodology of physics, as science summarizing the experiments data, to confirm a conclusion about the existence of the ether (physical vacuum). The content of the book is based on the works of authors done during the last fourteen years. Many results are published for the first time. The book is intended for specialists in the field of electrodynamics, electrical engineering, gravity and kinetics, as well as for graduate students and students, interested in the fundamental principles of these scientific directions. This book is unique in terms of the comprehensive consideration of the problem and the depth of its analysis.
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Wittman, David M. Beyond the Schwarzschild Metric. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199658633.003.0019.
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General relativity explains much more than the spacetime around static spherical masses.We briefly assess general relativity in the larger context of physical theories, then explore various general relativistic effects that have no Newtonian analog. First, source massmotion gives rise to gravitomagnetic effects on test particles.These effects also depend on the velocity of the test particle, which has substantial implications for orbits around black holes to be further explored in Chapter 20. Second, any changes in the sourcemass ripple outward as gravitational waves, and we tell the century‐long story from the prediction of gravitational waves to their first direct detection in 2015. Third, the deflection of light by galaxies and clusters of galaxies allows us to map the amount and distribution of mass in the universe in astonishing detail. Finally, general relativity enables modeling the universe as a whole, and we explore the resulting Big Bang cosmology.
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Louchet, Francois. Snow Avalanches. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866930.001.0001.
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This work is a critical update of the most recent and innovative developments of the avalanche science. It aims at re-founding it on clear scientific bases, from field observations and experiments up to strong mathematical and physical analysis and modeling. It points out snow peculiarities, regarding both static mechanical properties and flow dynamics, that may strongly differ from those of compact solids for the former, and of Newtonian fluids for the latter. It analyzes the general processes involved in avalanche release, in terms of brittle fracture and ductile plasticity, specific friction laws, flow of healable granular materials, percolation concepts, cellular automata, scale invariance, criticality, theory of dynamical systems, bifurcations, etc. As a result, slab triggering (including remote triggering) can be summarized by the “slab avalanche release in 4 steps” concept, based on weak layer local collapse and subsequent propagation driven by slab weight. The frequent abortion of many incipient avalanches is easily explained in terms of snow grain dynamical healing. Sluffs and full-depth avalanches are also analyzed. Such advances pave the way for significant progress in risk evaluation procedures. In the present context of a speeding-up climate warming, possible evolutions of snow cover extent and stability are also tentatively discussed. We show how, in mountainous areas, the present analysis can be extended to other gravitational failures (rock-falls, landslides) that are likely to take over from avalanches in such circumstances. The text is supported by on-line links to field experiments and lectures on triggering mechanisms, risk management, and decision making.
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Biswas, S. K. Nanotribology. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.13.
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This article provides an overview of nanotribology, with particular emphasis on the scalable regime where contact dimensions, topographical perturbations, confinement scale and molecular dimensions are of the same order. It first defines nanotribology and describes some of the instruments used to assess the physics and chemistry of materials in the contact region, including the atomic force microscope, surface force apparatus, and quartz crystal microbalance. It then considers the interfacial phenomena and interaction forces as well as the microscopic origins of friction, focusing on Amonton's Law at the single asperity, atomistic modelling of adhesion and friction, and analysis of coherence in molecular lubrication by means of the Eyring equation. The article also examines the problem of boundary lubrication in two cases: oil in confinement and self-assembled additives in confinement.
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Hwui, Chan Sane, and Lay Yoon Fah. Affective Domains Contributing to Behavioural Intention in Teaching Science. UMS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/affectivedomainsumspress2020-978-967-2962--27-4.
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The teaching profession is a highly stressful occupation and susceptible to burnout due to high levels of workload compared to other contact occupations. In Malaysia, the majority of science teachers are experiencing physical and mental drain after long periods of teaching service and mundane routine year in and year out. Despite the general assumptions of a teacher’s job is merely teaching from a textbook, a teacher’s workload includes teaching-related (class preparation and classroom management) and non-teaching related (administration and meetings). All these challenges required teachers to possess high self-efficacy beliefs, great teaching motivation, and positive attitudes toward teaching science. When the development of the affective domain is neglected during pre-service years, teachers’ behavioural intention in teaching science will subside gradually. This may cause emotional exhaustion, feelings of ineffectiveness, and job burnout when the pre-service teachers start to work in a high-pressure environment. The prime focus of this book includes the use of Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach in studying the mediating effect of attitudes toward teaching science in the relationship between teacher self-efficacy beliefs and teaching motivation on behavioural intention in teaching science. This book provides insights for policymakers to formulate courses on managing personal affective domains in the teacher education curriculum. It is also hoped that this book will be of interest to academicians and researchers on the topic related to teacher education and teaching professional development.
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Skiba, Grzegorz. Fizjologiczne, żywieniowe i genetyczne uwarunkowania właściwości kości rosnących świń. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_gs_2020.
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Bones are multifunctional passive organs of movement that supports soft tissue and directly attached muscles. They also protect internal organs and are a reserve of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Each bone is covered with periosteum, and the adjacent bone surfaces are covered by articular cartilage. Histologically, the bone is an organ composed of many different tissues. The main component is bone tissue (cortical and spongy) composed of a set of bone cells and intercellular substance (mineral and organic), it also contains fat, hematopoietic (bone marrow) and cartilaginous tissue. Bones are a tissue that even in adult life retains the ability to change shape and structure depending on changes in their mechanical and hormonal environment, as well as self-renewal and repair capabilities. This process is called bone turnover. The basic processes of bone turnover are: • bone modeling (incessantly changes in bone shape during individual growth) following resorption and tissue formation at various locations (e.g. bone marrow formation) to increase mass and skeletal morphology. This process occurs in the bones of growing individuals and stops after reaching puberty • bone remodeling (processes involve in maintaining bone tissue by resorbing and replacing old bone tissue with new tissue in the same place, e.g. repairing micro fractures). It is a process involving the removal and internal remodeling of existing bone and is responsible for maintaining tissue mass and architecture of mature bones. Bone turnover is regulated by two types of transformation: • osteoclastogenesis, i.e. formation of cells responsible for bone resorption • osteoblastogenesis, i.e. formation of cells responsible for bone formation (bone matrix synthesis and mineralization) Bone maturity can be defined as the completion of basic structural development and mineralization leading to maximum mass and optimal mechanical strength. The highest rate of increase in pig bone mass is observed in the first twelve weeks after birth. This period of growth is considered crucial for optimizing the growth of the skeleton of pigs, because the degree of bone mineralization in later life stages (adulthood) depends largely on the amount of bone minerals accumulated in the early stages of their growth. The development of the technique allows to determine the condition of the skeletal system (or individual bones) in living animals by methods used in human medicine, or after their slaughter. For in vivo determination of bone properties, Abstract 10 double energy X-ray absorptiometry or computed tomography scanning techniques are used. Both methods allow the quantification of mineral content and bone mineral density. The most important property from a practical point of view is the bone’s bending strength, which is directly determined by the maximum bending force. The most important factors affecting bone strength are: • age (growth period), • gender and the associated hormonal balance, • genotype and modification of genes responsible for bone growth • chemical composition of the body (protein and fat content, and the proportion between these components), • physical activity and related bone load, • nutritional factors: – protein intake influencing synthesis of organic matrix of bone, – content of minerals in the feed (CA, P, Zn, Ca/P, Mg, Mn, Na, Cl, K, Cu ratio) influencing synthesis of the inorganic matrix of bone, – mineral/protein ratio in the diet (Ca/protein, P/protein, Zn/protein) – feed energy concentration, – energy source (content of saturated fatty acids - SFA, content of polyun saturated fatty acids - PUFA, in particular ALA, EPA, DPA, DHA), – feed additives, in particular: enzymes (e.g. phytase releasing of minerals bounded in phytin complexes), probiotics and prebiotics (e.g. inulin improving the function of the digestive tract by increasing absorption of nutrients), – vitamin content that regulate metabolism and biochemical changes occurring in bone tissue (e.g. vitamin D3, B6, C and K). This study was based on the results of research experiments from available literature, and studies on growing pigs carried out at the Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences. The tests were performed in total on 300 pigs of Duroc, Pietrain, Puławska breeds, line 990 and hybrids (Great White × Duroc, Great White × Landrace), PIC pigs, slaughtered at different body weight during the growth period from 15 to 130 kg. Bones for biomechanical tests were collected after slaughter from each pig. Their length, mass and volume were determined. Based on these measurements, the specific weight (density, g/cm3) was calculated. Then each bone was cut in the middle of the shaft and the outer and inner diameters were measured both horizontally and vertically. Based on these measurements, the following indicators were calculated: • cortical thickness, • cortical surface, • cortical index. Abstract 11 Bone strength was tested by a three-point bending test. The obtained data enabled the determination of: • bending force (the magnitude of the maximum force at which disintegration and disruption of bone structure occurs), • strength (the amount of maximum force needed to break/crack of bone), • stiffness (quotient of the force acting on the bone and the amount of displacement occurring under the influence of this force). Investigation of changes in physical and biomechanical features of bones during growth was performed on pigs of the synthetic 990 line growing from 15 to 130 kg body weight. The animals were slaughtered successively at a body weight of 15, 30, 40, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 kg. After slaughter, the following bones were separated from the right half-carcass: humerus, 3rd and 4th metatarsal bone, femur, tibia and fibula as well as 3rd and 4th metatarsal bone. The features of bones were determined using methods described in the methodology. Describing bone growth with the Gompertz equation, it was found that the earliest slowdown of bone growth curve was observed for metacarpal and metatarsal bones. This means that these bones matured the most quickly. The established data also indicate that the rib is the slowest maturing bone. The femur, humerus, tibia and fibula were between the values of these features for the metatarsal, metacarpal and rib bones. The rate of increase in bone mass and length differed significantly between the examined bones, but in all cases it was lower (coefficient b <1) than the growth rate of the whole body of the animal. The fastest growth rate was estimated for the rib mass (coefficient b = 0.93). Among the long bones, the humerus (coefficient b = 0.81) was characterized by the fastest rate of weight gain, however femur the smallest (coefficient b = 0.71). The lowest rate of bone mass increase was observed in the foot bones, with the metacarpal bones having a slightly higher value of coefficient b than the metatarsal bones (0.67 vs 0.62). The third bone had a lower growth rate than the fourth bone, regardless of whether they were metatarsal or metacarpal. The value of the bending force increased as the animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, the highest values were observed for the humerus, tibia and femur, smaller for the metatarsal and metacarpal bone, and the lowest for the fibula and rib. The rate of change in the value of this indicator increased at a similar rate as the body weight changes of the animals in the case of the fibula and the fourth metacarpal bone (b value = 0.98), and more slowly in the case of the metatarsal bone, the third metacarpal bone, and the tibia bone (values of the b ratio 0.81–0.85), and the slowest femur, humerus and rib (value of b = 0.60–0.66). Bone stiffness increased as animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, the highest values were observed for the humerus, tibia and femur, smaller for the metatarsal and metacarpal bone, and the lowest for the fibula and rib. Abstract 12 The rate of change in the value of this indicator changed at a faster rate than the increase in weight of pigs in the case of metacarpal and metatarsal bones (coefficient b = 1.01–1.22), slightly slower in the case of fibula (coefficient b = 0.92), definitely slower in the case of the tibia (b = 0.73), ribs (b = 0.66), femur (b = 0.59) and humerus (b = 0.50). Bone strength increased as animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, bone strength was as follows femur > tibia > humerus > 4 metacarpal> 3 metacarpal> 3 metatarsal > 4 metatarsal > rib> fibula. The rate of increase in strength of all examined bones was greater than the rate of weight gain of pigs (value of the coefficient b = 2.04–3.26). As the animals grew, the bone density increased. However, the growth rate of this indicator for the majority of bones was slower than the rate of weight gain (the value of the coefficient b ranged from 0.37 – humerus to 0.84 – fibula). The exception was the rib, whose density increased at a similar pace increasing the body weight of animals (value of the coefficient b = 0.97). The study on the influence of the breed and the feeding intensity on bone characteristics (physical and biomechanical) was performed on pigs of the breeds Duroc, Pietrain, and synthetic 990 during a growth period of 15 to 70 kg body weight. Animals were fed ad libitum or dosed system. After slaughter at a body weight of 70 kg, three bones were taken from the right half-carcass: femur, three metatarsal, and three metacarpal and subjected to the determinations described in the methodology. The weight of bones of animals fed aa libitum was significantly lower than in pigs fed restrictively All bones of Duroc breed were significantly heavier and longer than Pietrain and 990 pig bones. The average values of bending force for the examined bones took the following order: III metatarsal bone (63.5 kg) <III metacarpal bone (77.9 kg) <femur (271.5 kg). The feeding system and breed of pigs had no significant effect on the value of this indicator. The average values of the bones strength took the following order: III metatarsal bone (92.6 kg) <III metacarpal (107.2 kg) <femur (353.1 kg). Feeding intensity and breed of animals had no significant effect on the value of this feature of the bones tested. The average bone density took the following order: femur (1.23 g/cm3) <III metatarsal bone (1.26 g/cm3) <III metacarpal bone (1.34 g / cm3). The density of bones of animals fed aa libitum was higher (P<0.01) than in animals fed with a dosing system. The density of examined bones within the breeds took the following order: Pietrain race> line 990> Duroc race. The differences between the “extreme” breeds were: 7.2% (III metatarsal bone), 8.3% (III metacarpal bone), 8.4% (femur). Abstract 13 The average bone stiffness took the following order: III metatarsal bone (35.1 kg/mm) <III metacarpus (41.5 kg/mm) <femur (60.5 kg/mm). This indicator did not differ between the groups of pigs fed at different intensity, except for the metacarpal bone, which was more stiffer in pigs fed aa libitum (P<0.05). The femur of animals fed ad libitum showed a tendency (P<0.09) to be more stiffer and a force of 4.5 kg required for its displacement by 1 mm. Breed differences in stiffness were found for the femur (P <0.05) and III metacarpal bone (P <0.05). For femur, the highest value of this indicator was found in Pietrain pigs (64.5 kg/mm), lower in pigs of 990 line (61.6 kg/mm) and the lowest in Duroc pigs (55.3 kg/mm). In turn, the 3rd metacarpal bone of Duroc and Pietrain pigs had similar stiffness (39.0 and 40.0 kg/mm respectively) and was smaller than that of line 990 pigs (45.4 kg/mm). The thickness of the cortical bone layer took the following order: III metatarsal bone (2.25 mm) <III metacarpal bone (2.41 mm) <femur (5.12 mm). The feeding system did not affect this indicator. Breed differences (P <0.05) for this trait were found only for the femur bone: Duroc (5.42 mm)> line 990 (5.13 mm)> Pietrain (4.81 mm). The cross sectional area of the examined bones was arranged in the following order: III metatarsal bone (84 mm2) <III metacarpal bone (90 mm2) <femur (286 mm2). The feeding system had no effect on the value of this bone trait, with the exception of the femur, which in animals fed the dosing system was 4.7% higher (P<0.05) than in pigs fed ad libitum. Breed differences (P<0.01) in the coross sectional area were found only in femur and III metatarsal bone. The value of this indicator was the highest in Duroc pigs, lower in 990 animals and the lowest in Pietrain pigs. The cortical index of individual bones was in the following order: III metatarsal bone (31.86) <III metacarpal bone (33.86) <femur (44.75). However, its value did not significantly depend on the intensity of feeding or the breed of pigs.
Book chapters on the topic "Physical Context Modeling"
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Carter, Bryan T., Cody H. Fleming, Carl R. Elks, and Georgios Bakirtzis. "Cyber-Physical Systems Modeling for Security Using SysML." In Systems Engineering in Context, 665–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00114-8_53.
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Hojny, Marcin. "Computer-Aided Physical Simulations Within the Context of New Technology Development." In Modeling Steel Deformation in the Semi-Solid State, 103–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67976-1_7.
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Gueye, Mamadou Lamine. "Modeling a Knowledge-Based System for Cyber-physical Systems: Applications in the Context of Learning Analytics." In Computational Collective Intelligence, 568–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28374-2_49.
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Pei, Lei, and Markus Schmidt. "Containment strategies for synthetic gene drive organisms and impacts on gene flow." In Gene flow: monitoring, modeling and mitigation, 137–52. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247480.0010.
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Abstract Gene drives, particularly synthetic gene drives, may help to address some important challenges, by efficiently altering specific sections of DNA in entire populations of wild organisms. Here we review the current development of the synthetic gene drives, especially those RNA-guided synthetic gene drives based on the CRISPR nuclease Cas. Particular focuses are on their possible applications in agriculture (e.g. disease resistance, weed control management), ecosystem conservation (e.g. evasion species control), health (e.g. to combat insect-borne and fungal infections), and for basic research in model organisms (e.g. Saccharomyces, fruit fly, and zebra fish). The physical, chemical, biological, and ecological containment strategies that might help to confine these gene drive-modified organisms are then explored. The gene flow issues, those from gene drive-derived organisms to the environment, are discussed, while possible mitigation strategies for gene drive research are explored. Last but not least, the regulatory context and opinions from key stakeholders (regulators, scientists, and concerned organizations) are reviewed, aiming to provide a more comprehensive overview of the field.
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Maruyama, Yoshihiro. "Contextuality Across the Sciences: Bell-Type Theorems in Physics and Cognitive Science." In Modeling and Using Context, 147–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34974-5_13.
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Egashira, K., K. Iwataki, T. Sato, M. Katagiri, M. Terashi, and M. Nishimura. "Effect of initial water content on consolidation behavior of clay sludge." In Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 231–36. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203743362-42.
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Malavena, Gerardo. "Modeling of GIDL–Assisted Erase in 3–D NAND Flash Memory Arrays and Its Employment in NOR Flash–Based Spiking Neural Networks." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 43–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85918-3_4.
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AbstractSince the very first introduction of three-dimensional (3–D) vertical-channel (VC) NAND Flash memory arrays, gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current has been suggested as a solution to increase the string channel potential to trigger the erase operation. Thanks to that erase scheme, the memory array can be built directly on the top of a $$n^+$$ n + plate, without requiring any p-doped region to contact the string channel and therefore allowing to simplify the manufacturing process and increase the array integration density. For those reasons, the understanding of the physical phenomena occurring in the string when GIDL is triggered is important for the proper design of the cell structure and of the voltage waveforms adopted during erase. Even though a detailed comprehension of the GIDL phenomenology can be achieved by means of technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations, they are usually time and resource consuming, especially when realistic string structures with many word-lines (WLs) are considered. In this chapter, an analysis of the GIDL-assisted erase in 3–D VC nand memory arrays is presented. First, the evolution of the string potential and GIDL current during erase is investigated by means of TCAD simulations; then, a compact model able to reproduce both the string dynamics and the threshold voltage transients with reduced computational effort is presented. The developed compact model is proven to be a valuable tool for the optimization of the array performance during erase assisted by GIDL. Then, the idea of taking advantage of GIDL for the erase operation is exported to the context of spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on NOR Flash memory arrays, which require operational schemes that allow single-cell selectivity during both cell program and cell erase. To overcome the block erase typical of nor Flash memory arrays based on Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, a new erase scheme that triggers GIDL in the NOR Flash cell and exploits hot-hole injection (HHI) at its drain side to accomplish the erase operation is presented. Using that scheme, spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is implemented in a mainstream NOR Flash array and array learning is successfully demonstrated in a prototype SNN. The achieved results represent an important step for the development of large-scale neuromorphic systems based on mature and reliable memory technologies.
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Akkar, S. "Earthquake Physical Risk/Loss Assessment Models and Applications: A Case Study on Content Loss Modeling Conditioned on Building Damage." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 223–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_10.
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AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to develop content fragility conditioned on building damage for contents used in residential buildings in Turkey. The approach combines the building damage state probabilities with the content damage probabilities conditioned on building damage states to develop the content fragilities. The paper first presents the procedure and then addresses the epistemic uncertainty in building and content fragilities to show their effects on the content vulnerability. The approach also accounts for the expert opinion differences in the content replacement cost ratios (consequence functions) as part of the epistemic uncertainty. Monte Carlo sampling is used to consider the epistemic uncertainty in each model component contributing to the content vulnerability. A sample case study is presented at the end of the paper to show the implementation of the developed content fragilities by calculating the average annual loss ratio (AALR) distribution of residential content loss over the mainland Turkey.
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Taibi, A., A. Tartari, and M. Gambaccini. "EGS4 Modelling of Coherent Scattering in the Biological Context." In Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications, 69–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18211-2_12.
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Dupont, Virginie, and Frederic Sansoz. "Multiscale Modeling of Contact-Induced Plasticity in Nanocrystalline Metals." In Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics, 151–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9785-0_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Physical Context Modeling"
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Brings, Jennifer, Marian Daun, Constantin Hildebrandt, and Sebastian Törsleff. "An Ontological Context Modeling Framework for Coping with the Dynamic Contexts of Cyber-physical Systems." In 6th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006603403960403.
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Campana, Mattia Giovanni, Dimitris Chatzopoulos, Franca Delmastro, and Pan Hui. "Lightweight Modeling of User Context Combining Physical and Virtual Sensor Data." In UbiComp '18: The 2018 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3267305.3274178.
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Pham, Thi Hien, JunYeol Choi, HyungDo Lyu, and Hee Yong Youn. "Distributed Multi-agent Reasoning with Layered Context Modeling and Priority." In Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greencom-cpscom.2010.54.
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Sahlab, Nada, Nasser Jazdi, and Michael Weyrich. "Dynamic Context Modeling for Cyber-Physical Systems Applied to a Pill Dispenser." In 2020 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9211876.
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Lee, Seong woo, Chang Hoon Lyu, Kyu Sung Ahn, Seung Wok Han, and Hee Yong Youn. "Context Modeling Reflecting the Perspectives of Constituent Agents in Distributed Reasoning." In Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greencom-cpscom.2010.50.
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Tenbergen, Bastian, Marian Daun, Patricia Aluko Obe, and jennifer Brings. "View-Centric Context Modeling to Foster the Engineering of Cyber-Physical System Networks." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsa.2018.00030.
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Safyan, Muhammad, Zia Ul Qayyum, Sohail Sarwar, Muddesar Iqbal, and Mehtab Ahmed. "Context-Aware Personalized Activity Modeling in Concurrent Environment." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ithings-greencom-cpscom-smartdata.2017.150.
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Bocciarelli, Paolo, Andrea D'Ambrogio, Andrea Giglio, and Emiliano Paglia. "A BPMN extension for modeling Cyber-Physical-Production-Systems in the context of Industry 4.0." In 2017 IEEE 14th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2017.8000159.
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Persson, Magnus, Martin Torngren, Ahsan Qamar, Jonas Westman, Matthias Biehl, Stavros Tripakis, Hans Vangheluwe, and Joachim Denil. "A characterization of integrated multi-view modeling in the context of embedded and cyber-physical systems." In 2013 International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emsoft.2013.6658588.
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Zanfack, David Gnimpieba, Ahmed Nait-Sidi-Moh, David Durand, and Jerome Fortin. "Modeling business entities and physical workflow in the context of Internet of Things: The GSM-IoT framework." In 2015 Third World Conference on Complex Systems (WCCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icocs.2015.7483280.
Full textReports on the topic "Physical Context Modeling"
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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.
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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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Lieth, J. Heiner, Michael Raviv, and David W. Burger. Effects of root zone temperature, oxygen concentration, and moisture content on actual vs. potential growth of greenhouse crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586547.bard.
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Soilless crop production in protected cultivation requires optimization of many environmental and plant variables. Variables of the root zone (rhizosphere) have always been difficult to characterize but have been studied extensively. In soilless production the opportunity exists to optimize these variables in relation to crop production. The project objectives were to model the relationship between biomass production and the rhizosphere variables: temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and water availability by characterizing potential growth and how this translates to actual growth. As part of this we sought to improve of our understanding of root growth and rhizosphere processes by generating data on the effect of rhizosphere water status, temperature and dissolved oxygen on root growth, modeling potential and actual growth and by developing and calibrating models for various physical and chemical properties in soilless production systems. In particular we sought to use calorimetry to identify potential growth of the plants in relation to these rhizosphere variables. While we did experimental work on various crops, our main model system for the mathematical modeling work was greenhouse cut-flower rose production in soil-less cultivation. In support of this, our objective was the development of a Rose crop model. Specific to this project we sought to create submodels for the rhizosphere processes, integrate these into the rose crop simulation model which we had begun developing prior to the start of this project. We also sought to verify and validate any such models and where feasible create tools that growers could be used for production management. We made significant progress with regard to the use of microcalorimetry. At both locations (Israel and US) we demonstrated that specific growth rate for root and flower stem biomass production were sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Our work also identified that it is possible to identify optimal potential growth scenarios and that for greenhouse-grown rose the optimal root zone temperature for potential growth is around 17 C (substantially lower than is common in commercial greenhouses) while flower production growth potential was indifferent to a range as wide as 17-26C in the root zone. We had several set-backs that highlighted to us the fact that work needs to be done to identify when microcalorimetric research relates to instantaneous plant responses to the environment and when it relates to plant acclimation. One outcome of this research has been our determination that irrigation technology in soilless production systems needs to explicitly include optimization of oxygen in the root zone. Simply structuring the root zone to be “well aerated” is not the most optimal approach, but rather a minimum level. Our future work will focus on implementing direct control over dissolved oxygen in the root zone of soilless production systems.
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Shillito, Rose, Markus Berli, and Teamrat Ghezzehei. Quantifying the effect of subcritical water repellency on sorptivity : a physically based model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41054.
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Soil water wettability or water repellency is a phenomenon that can affect infiltration and, ultimately, runoff. Thus, there is a need to develop a model that can quantitatively capture the influence of water repellency on infiltration in a physically meaningful way and within the framework of existing infiltration theory. The analytical model developed in this study relates soil sorptivity (an infiltration parameter) with contact angle (a direct measure of water repellency) for variably saturated media. The model was validated with laboratory experiments using a silica sand of known properties treated to produce controlled degrees of water repellency. The measured contact angle and sorptivity values closely matched the model‐predicted values. Further, the relationship between the frequently used water drop penetration time test (used to assess water repellency) and sorptivity was illustrated. Finally, the direct impact of water repellency on saturated hydraulic conductivity was investigated due to its role in infiltration equations and to shed light on inconsistent field observations. It was found that water repellency had minimal effect on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of structureless sand. A quantitative model for infiltration incorporating the effect of water repellency is particularly important for post‐fire hydrologic modeling of burned areas exhibiting water repellent soils.
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Dasberg, Shmuel, Jan W. Hopmans, Larry J. Schwankl, and Dani Or. Drip Irrigation Management by TDR Monitoring of Soil Water and Solute Distribution. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568095.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Drip irrigation has the potential of high water use efficiency, but actual water measurement is difficult because of the limited wetted volume. Two long-term experiments in orchards in Israel and in California and several field crop studies supported by this project have demonstrated the feasibility of precise monitoring of soil water distribution for drip irrigation in spite of the limited soil wetting. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) enables in situ measurement of soil water content of well defined small volumes. Several approaches were tried in monitoring the soil water balance in the field during drip irrigation. These also facilitated the estimation of water uptake: 1. The use of multilevel moisture probe TDR system. This approach proved to be of limited value because of the extremely small diameter of measurement. 2. The placement of 20 cm long TDR probes at predetermined distances from the drippers in citrus orchards. 3. Heavy instrumentation with neutron scattering access tubes and tensiometers of a single drip irrigated almond tree. 4. High resolution spatial and temporal measurements (0.1m x 0.1m grid) of water content by TDR in corn irrigated by surface and subsurface drip. The latter approach was accompanied by parametric modelling of water uptake intensity patterns by corn roots and superimposed with analytical solutions for water flow from point and line sources. All this lead to general and physically based suggestions for the placement of soil water sensors for scheduling drip irrigation.
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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.