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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Physical chemistry of clay

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Academic literature on the topic 'Physical chemistry of clay'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Physical chemistry of clay"

1

Barbosa, R., E. M. Araújo, T. J. A. Melo, E. N. Ito, and E. Hage. "Influence of Clay Incorporation on the Physical Properties of Polyethylene/Brazilian Clay Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18259.

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High density polyethylene/Brazilian clay nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation technique. A montmorillonite sample from Boa Vista/PB, Northeast of Brazil, was organically modified with esthearildimethylammonium chloride (Praepagen WB) quaternary ammonium salt. The unmodified and modified clays with the quaternary ammonium salt were introduced in 1, 2, 3 and 5 wt% in a PE polymer matrix. The dispersion analysis and the interlayer distance of the clay particles were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of tensile and the flammability of the nanocomposites were studied. In general, the mechanical properties of the systems presented superior values compared to the matrix. The systems showed a reduction on the burning rate, indicating that the flammability resistance of nanocomposites was improved.

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Kussainova, B. M., G. K. Tazhkenova, and I. A. Kazarinov. "Physical and chemical properties of natural clay deposits." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 130, no. 1 (2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2020-130-1-42-47.

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The problem of creating and using sorption materials is relevant for the practice of modern chemistry, biotechnology, medicine and agriculture. Knowledge of the physical and chemical laws of the processes of carbonation, activation, as well as sorption and desorption is of particular importance in the case of nanostructured carbon sorbent for highly effective treatment of water contaminated with pesticides, as well as for reducing the concentration of cytokines in the blood of patients with sepsis. It is of great practical importance to obtain adsorbents using a carbon sorbent to significantly reduce the concentrations of heavy substances, which is very important for the Western regions of Kazakhstan. Thus, it is currently relevant to develop such sorbents that would have high mechanical strength and withstand high fluid pressure during operation, have a large capacity and high wear resistance, allowing them to work for a year or more. Based on the above, the goal of our research is to create new modified carbon sorbents for industrial use for wastewater treatment.

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Magalhães, N. F., and C. T. Andrade. "Thermoplastic corn starch/clay hybrids: Effect of clay type and content on physical properties." Carbohydrate Polymers 75, no. 4 (February 2009): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.020.

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Stucki, J. W., K. Lee, L. Zhang, and R. A. Larson. "Effects of iron oxidation states on the surface and structural properties of smectites." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 11 (January 1, 2002): 2145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274112145.

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The oxidation state of iron (Fe) in the crystal structure of smectite clay minerals profoundly alters their physical-chemical properties. Among the properties affected are layer charge, cation exchange and fixation capacity, swelling in water, particle size, specific surface area, layer stacking order, magnetic exchange interactions, octahedral site occupancy, surface acidity, and reduction potential. Also affected is the surface chemistry of the clay, which alters clay–water and clay–organic interaction mechanisms. Rates and extents of degradation of pesticides are increased in the presence of reduced smectites compared to oxidized and reduced-reoxidized counterparts. A hypothesis regarding the mechanism for Fe reduction in clay minerals was first developed in 1963, and subsequent modifications have been proposed periodically through the present time. Recent studies clearly reveal that the process of Fe reduction involves more than the mere transfer of an electron to octahedral Fe(III) in the clay crystal. Ancillary reactions occur that produce significant structural modifications, some of which are reversible and others of which are not. Such changes in the crystal-chemical environment of structural Fe are thought to play a dominant role in altering the clay surface chemistry.

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Sgarlata, Caterina, Alessandra Formia, Francesco Ferrari, and Cristina Leonelli. "Effect of the Introduction of Reactive Fillers and Metakaolin in Waste Clay-Based Materials for Geopolymerization Processes." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051325.

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In this study, the role of two reactive fillers, specifically a sand from a clay washing process as an alternative to waste glass powder and a commercial metakaolin (MK), into the geopolymerization process of waste clay-based materials was assessed. Three kinds of clayey wastes from mining operations—halloysitic, kaolinitic and smectitic clays—were tested as potential precursor of geopolymeric materials in view of a potential valorisation of these by-products. A mix-design based on the addition of low percentages (20%) of these fillers or MK to improve the mechanical and chemico-physical properties of geopolymeric formulations was evaluated. All the clays were thermally treated at a temperature of 650 °C, while the geopolymeric pastes were cured at room temperature. In particular, the chemical stability in water (pH and ionic conductivity of leachate water, weight loss), the variations in the microstructure (XRD, SEM), and in the mechanical performance (compressive strength) were analysed. The most reactive additive was MK, followed by sand and waste glass at very similar levels—1:1 or 2:1—depending upon the type of the clay but not strictly related to the clay type. The increase of geopolymeric gel densification due to the presence of MK and sand was replaced by a crack deflection mechanism in the case of the WG grains. The worst performance (chemical stability and mechanical properties) was found for the halloysitic clay, while kaolinitic and smectitic clays developed strengths slightly below 30 MPa.

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Sheshmani, Shabnam, Alireza Ashori, and Yahya Hamzeh. "Physical properties of polyethylene-wood fiber-clay nanocomposites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 118, no. 6 (July 13, 2010): 3255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.32623.

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Wang, Song, Jia Ping Zheng, Xiao Pei Zhang, and Shun Ran Wang. "Discussion on the Types Attribution and Comprehensive Utilization of High-Alumina Clay Ore." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2209.

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High-Alumina clay ore is the protective exploitation of mineral stipulated by the Ministry of Land and Resources. Due to its physicochemical properties and ore characteristics are quite different from current ore types --refractory clay mineral. It is usually taken as a general refractory clay mine of high-Alumina clay in practical applications, which leads to massive misuse and great waste of high-Alumina clay ore. This paper will redefine the attribuation of high-Alumina clay ore by analysing its differences and similarities with refractory clay minerals and bauxite mines in mineralogy, rock chemistry as well as physical structure, and present some advice on its comprehensive usage aiming at the existed problems in comprehensive development and utilization.

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Adeola, Adewole John, Adeyemi Moyosoluwa Odunayo, and Omojola Damilola Ifeoluwa. "Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of clay deposits at Ijesha–Ijebu and its environs, southwestern Nigeria." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 26, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v26i2.4.

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Two residual clay deposits and one transported clay deposit in Ijesha-Ijebu area were investigated for their mineralogical, chemical and industrial properties. The investigation was to evaluate their industrial applications and economic importance. The mineralogy of the clay samples was determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The chemical composition of the clay samples was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Physical tests which include; thermal properties, plasticity tests, density measurement, linear shrinkage and water absorption capacity were determined to determine their industrial potentials. The clay within the weathered profiles above banded gneiss and pegmatite at Ijesha-Ijebu is brownish with red spots, while the clays derived from sedimentary terrain is chocolate in colour. The X-ray diffraction results showed that kaolinite is the dominant mineral, while quartz, albite and muscovite are the major non clay minerals. Chemical data showed that the values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are 66.11%, 20.53% and 3.07%, respectively in weathered banded gneiss, in sedimentary the values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are 42.12%, 34.43% and 7.37%. In weathered pegmatite, the values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are 53.17%, 32.7%, 1.44%, respectively. The average percentage of clay in the banded gneiss, pegmatite and sedimentary samples are 50%, 56% and 47% respectively. The clay mouldability ranged between moderate to high. Evaluation of the clay properties and characteristics shows the industrial application of the clay like production of ceramic, building bricks and other structural wares. Keywords: Clay, Mineralogy, Chemistry, Ceramics, Building bricks.

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Jeong, Eun Jae, and Han Mo Jeong. "Physical Properties of Crosslinked Foam of EVA/Olefin Block Copolymer/Clay Nanocomposite." Polymer Korea 41, no. 6 (November 30, 2017): 926–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2017.41.6.926.

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Dubbin, W. E., A. R. Mermut, and H. P. W. Rostad. "Clay mineralogy of parent materials derived from uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks in southern Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss93-046.

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Soils developed from parent materials derived from uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks have been delineated from those which do not contain any of these younger sediments. The present study was initiated to determine the validity of this delineation. Parent materials from six locations in southwestern Saskatchewan were collected to determine their general chemical and physical properties. Clay fractions from each of these six parent materials were then subjected to detailed chemical and mineralogical analyses. The two parent materials containing the greatest amount of post-Bearpaw bedrock sediments (Jones Creek, Scotsguard) were characterized by substantially more organic carbon and less CaCO3. The presence of coal and the absence of carbonates in local bedrocks were considered to be the source of these deviations. In general, fine clays were comprised of 64–69% smectite, 14–21% illite and 10–13% kaolinite and coarse clay contained 32–39% smectite, 25–34% illite and 11–14% kaolinite. An exception was found in two fine clays which had less smectite but 3–6% vermiculite. Total iron content of the fine clays ranged from 7.16 to 8.11% expressed as Fe2O3. However, only a small fraction of this iron was extractable using the CDB technique. There were no substantial differences in surface areas or CECs of the clay fractions. Despite minor differences in the chemistry and mineralogy of these six parent materials, a separation of the soil associations does not appear to be warranted. Key words: Parent materials, uppermost Cretaceous, Tertiary, bedrock, clay mineralogy

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physical chemistry of clay"

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Crawford, R. J. "Interparticle forces in clay minerals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291033.

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Hatharasinghe, Henegama Liyanage Mallika. "Studies of clay-polymer interactions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368094.

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Kavanagh, Debbie M. "Chemical and physical characterization of clay bodies." Thesis, Aston University, 2001. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9643/.

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Suitable methods for the assessment of the effect of freeze-thaw action upon ceramic tiles have been determined. The results obtained have been shown to be reproducible with some work in this area still warranted. The analysis of Whichford Potteries clays via a variety of analytical techniques has shown them to be a complex mix of both clay and non-clay minerals. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy has highlighted the presence of both small and large particleα-Fe203, removable via acid washing. 19F MAS NMR has demonstrated that the raw Whichford Pottery clays examined have negligible fluorine content. This is unlikely to be detrimental to ceramic wares during the heating process. A unique technique was used for the identification of fluorine in solid-state systems. The exchange of various cations into Wyoming Bentonite clay by microwave methodology did not show the appearance of five co-ordinate aluminium when examined by 27Al MAS NMR. The appearance of Qo silicate was linked to an increase in the amount of tetrahedrally bound aluminium in the silicate framework. This is formed as a result of the heating process. The analysis of two Chinese clays and two Chinese clay raw materials has highlighted a possible link between the two. These have also been shown to be a mix of both clay and non-clay minerals. Layered double hydroxides formed by conventional and microwave methods exhibited interesting characteristics. The main differences between the samples examined were not found to be solely attributable to the differences between microwave and conventional methods but more attributable to different experimental conditions used.

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Rawson, Jolyon Oliver. "Physicochemical studies of clay polymer interactions." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1995. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20267/.

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This thesis reports investigations into the colloid and solid state properties of clay/polymer complexes. The interactions between water soluble polymers and clay were investigated because of their importance to the oil industry which make use of clay/polymer interactions to control certain properties of drilling muds. [133]Cs and to a lesser extent [23]Na NMR have been evaluated as novel in situ probes to study the adsorption of polycations, and other cationic species, onto 25 gL[-1] suspensions of Westone-L. Westone-L is a low iron containing montmorillonite which was completely exchanged with either Cs[+] or Na[+] cations. The polycations FL15, FL16 and FL17, of general formula [(Me[2]NCH[2]CHOHCH[2)[n]][n+], and Magnafloc 1697, [(CH[2]CHCH[2]N(Me)[2]CH[2]CHCH[2])[n]][n+] have been shown to displace the exchangeable cation from the clay surface more effectively than other cationic species investigated such as Na[+], K[+], MeN[4+] and paraquat[2+]. This was shown through a decrease in linewidth and an increase in the [133]Cs or [23]Na NMR peak integral as cationic species were added to the clay. This information has been correlated with that obtained from particle size and zeta potential measurements in aqueous solution which suggest that the highly charged polycations investigated adsorb onto the surface of the clay via an 'electrostatic patch' mechanism. To complement these aqueous in situ techniques, several dry powder studies have been completed, including adsorption isotherms through Kjeldahl N analysis, variable temperature x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric studies. These dry powder studies show conclusively that the exchangeable cation associated with the clay surface has a large bearing upon the amount and location of polymer adsorbed. The neutral polyglycol DCP101 is presently finding widespread use as a shale inhibitor in drilling muds. The mechanism by which this polymer interacts with clay has been investigated by recording the [133]Cs and [1]H NMR spectra of 25 gL[-1] suspensions of Cs[+] and Mn[2+] exchanged Westone-L treated with DCP101. These novel in situ investigations have shown that DCP101 does not displace the exchangeable cation associated with the clay. They have also shown that the water molecules in the hydration sphere of the Mn2+ cation associated with the clay surface are predominantly undisturbed by added DCP101. To complement these aqueous in situ investigations, several dry powder studies were carried out including adsorption isotherms through CHN analysis, variable temperature x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric studies. These dry powder studies show that the exchangeable cation has a large bearing upon the quantity of polymer adsorbed. One further in situ NMR method has been evaluated with a view to investigating clay/polymer interactions. This method involved the addition of 10% D[2]O to a 40 gL[-1] suspension of clay which had been exchanged to the cation of interest. The resulting [2]H NMR spectrum showed a residual quadrupolar splitting, the magnitude of which depended upon several factors including clay concentration, state of aggregation of the clay platelets and the exchangeable cation associated with the clay. It was hoped that by monitoring the clay/D[2]O interactions via the [2]H residual quadrupolar splitting that information about clay/polymer systems in aqueous suspension would be forthcoming. The observed [2]H residual quadrupolar splitting was however found to be too sensitive to addition of polymer or ions to the clay suspension, resulting in its collapse to a singlet.

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Bray, Helen Jane. "Kinetics of high-temperature transformations of clay minerals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249204.

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Duan, Jinming. "Influence of dissolved silica on flocculation clay suspensions with hydrolysing metal salts." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264932.

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Collinson, S. J. M. "Structure and dynamics of the adsorbed phase." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354821.

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8

Chorom, Mostafa. "Behaviour of alkaline sodic soils and clays as influenced by pH and particle change." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc551.pdf.

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Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 173-196. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the factors affecting swelling and dispersion of alkaline sodic soils containing lime and the ways to manage these soils to improve their physical condition. Studies on pure clay systems are included to understand the fundamental process involved in swelling and dispersion of pure and soil clays.

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Rummey, Jacqueline Michelle. "EXAFS studies of polyoxometallates and chromium pillared clays." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305565.

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Martin, K. "The catalysis of organic reactions by clays and zeolites." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381778.

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Books on the topic "Physical chemistry of clay"

1

Andrén, Olof. Spatial variation of soil physical and chemical properties in an arable field with high clay content. Uppsala: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för ekologi och miljövård, 1990.

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J, Van Oss Carel, ed. Colloid and surface properties of clays and related minerals. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002.

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Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh. Studies in clay chemistry. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 1988.

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H, Meiser John, ed. Physical chemistry. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.

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Engel, Thomas. Physical chemistry. 3rd ed. Boston: Pearson Education, 2012.

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Atkins, P. W. Physical chemistry. 3rd ed. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1986.

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Atkins, P. W. Physical chemistry. 5th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1994.

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White, J. Edmund. Physical chemistry. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987.

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Gurtu, J. N. Physical chemistry. Meerut, India: Pragati Prakashan, 2010.

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Physical chemistry. 6th ed. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physical chemistry of clay"

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McLaren, A. D., and G. H. Peterson. "Physical Chemistry and Biological Chemistry of Clay Mineral-Organic Nitrogen Complexes." In Soil Nitrogen, 259–84. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr10.c6.

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Franco, Adolfo, and Mariana Rizzini. "Physical Chemistry Characterization of Brazilian West Center (State of Goiás) Heavy Clay." In Whitewares and Materials: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 24, Issue 2, 180. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294796.ch21.

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Dai, Caili, and Fulin Zhao. "Clay Minerals." In Oilfield Chemistry, 3–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2950-0_1.

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Hinrichs, Wouter, and Suzy Dreijer - van der Glas. "Physical Chemistry." In Practical Pharmaceutics, 357–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15814-3_18.

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Kotyk, Arnošt. "Physical Chemistry." In Quantities, Symbols, Units, and Abbreviations in the Life Sciences, 31–33. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-206-7_6.

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Blake, George R., Gary C. Steinhardt, X. Pontevedra Pombal, J. C. Nóvoa Muñoz, A. Martínez Cortizas, R. W. Arnold, Randall J. Schaetzl, et al. "Physical Chemistry." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 555–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_435.

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Hudson, John. "Physical Chemistry." In The History of Chemistry, 202–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6441-2_13.

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Hudson, John. "Physical Chemistry." In The History of Chemistry, 202–27. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22362-6_13.

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Lewis, Gerald F. "Physical Properties." In Analytical Chemistry, 12–18. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07757-1_5.

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Giannini, Luca, Attilio Citterio, Maurizio Galimberti, and Dafne Cozzi. "Chemistry of Rubber-Organoclay Nanocomposites." In Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites, 127–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118092866.ch5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Physical chemistry of clay"

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Monfared, M., J. Sulem, M. Mohajerani, and P. Delage. "The Thermal Volume Change of Opalinus Clay." In 3rd EAGE Shale Workshop - Shale Physics and Shale Chemistry. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143926.

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Zhang, C. L. "Experimental Study of Sealing Capacity of Clay Rock." In 3rd EAGE Shale Workshop - Shale Physics and Shale Chemistry. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143908.

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Gens, A., B. Garitte, and J. Vaunat. "In Situ Behaviour of Opalinus Clay under Thermal Loading." In 3rd EAGE Shale Workshop - Shale Physics and Shale Chemistry. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143929.

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Romero, E., R. Senger, and P. Marschall. "Air Injection Laboratory Experiments on Opalinus Clay. Experimental techniques, Results and Analyses." In 3rd EAGE Shale Workshop - Shale Physics and Shale Chemistry. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143925.

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Busch, A., P. Bertier, Y. Gensterblum, P. Giesting, S. Guggenheim, A. Koster van Groos, and P. Weniger. "Clay/CO2 Interactions in the Context of Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide." In 3rd EAGE Shale Workshop - Shale Physics and Shale Chemistry. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143935.

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Fabricius, I. L. "Pore Size and Permeability of Experimentally Compacted Smectire and Kaolinite Clay. Permeability and Elastic Moduli." In 3rd EAGE Shale Workshop - Shale Physics and Shale Chemistry. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143921.

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Keller, L. M. "On the Use of Imaging Methods in Characterizing the Pore Space of Clay Rocks in 3D." In 3rd EAGE Shale Workshop - Shale Physics and Shale Chemistry. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143936.

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Vela´zquez, J. C., F. Caleyo, A. Valor, J. M. Hallen, J. H. Espina-Herna´ndez, and A. Lo´pez-Montenegro. "Statistical Modeling of Pitting Corrosion in Buried Pipelines Taking Into Account Soil Properties." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64140.

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Small leaks caused by external pitting corrosion are the leading cause of failure in oil and gas pipelines in many regions of Mexico. Because of this, the need for realistic and reliable pitting corrosion growth models that are capable of accounting for the chemical and physical properties of soils and pipeline coatings is especially great. In this work, maximum pit depths and soil and coating data that were gathered at excavation sites across southern Mexico are used to investigate the impact of soil and pipe characteristics on pitting corrosion in buried pipelines. Soil field-measurements included resistivity, pH, pipe-to-soil potential, humidity, chloride, bicarbonate and sulphate levels, redox potential, soil texture and coating type. Together with the local physical chemistry of the soil and the coating characteristics, the maximum pit depth and pipeline’s age were recorded at more than 250 dig sites. The time dependence of the maximum pit depth was modeled as ymax = β(t−t0)α, with β and α being positive constants, t being the pipe’s age and t0 the pit initiation time. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted with ymax as the dependent variable, while the pipeline’ age and the soil and pipe properties were used as the independent variables. The optimal dependence of β and α on these variables was found and predictive models were proposed to describe the time dependence of the average maximum pit depth and growth rate on soil and pipe properties. Besides the creation of a generic model fitted to all the gathered data, a model was proposed for each one of the three soil types identified in this study: clay, clay-loam and sandy-clay-loam. It is shown that the application of the proposed model allows for prediction of corrosion pit growth more accurately than previous models and that this improvement positively impacts on integrity management plans that address the threat posed by external pitting corrosion.

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Mazurek, M. "Pore-water Chemistry in Clays and Shales - Methods and Applications." In 3rd EAGE Shale Workshop - Shale Physics and Shale Chemistry. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143931.

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Baghdikian, S. Y., M. M. Sharma, and L. L. Handy. "Flow of Clay Suspensions Through Porous Media." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/16257-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Physical chemistry of clay"

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Frank, Robert A. Physical chemistry of carbothermic reduction of alumina. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6570345.

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Mackay, R. A. Physical Chemistry of Exothermic Gas-Aerosol Calaorimetry. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada150872.

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Maroncelli, Mark. Physical Chemistry of Reaction Dynamics in Ionic Liquid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1327486.

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Margulis, Claudio Javier. Physical Chemistry of Reaction Dynamics in Ionic Liquids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330584.

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Johnson, C. E., H. M. Attaya, M. C. Billone, R. A. Blomquist, J. P. Kopasz, L. Leibowitz, M. F. Roche, and C. A. Seils. Applied physical chemistry progress report, October 1991--September 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10146918.

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Luttrell, G. H., R. H. Yoon, and J. B. Zachwieja. Control of pyrite surface chemistry in physical coal cleaning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5060937.

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Yoon, R. H., G. H. Luttrell, J. B. Zachwieja, and J. A. Mielczarski. Control of pyrite surface chemistry in physical coal cleaning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5474691.

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Castner, Jr., Edward W. SISGR: Physical chemistry of reaction dynamics in ionic liquids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1461643.

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Blank, David. SISGR: Physical Chemistry of Reaction Dynamics in Ionic Liquids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1405286.

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Yoon, R. H., and P. R. Richardson. Control of pyrite surface chemistry in physical coal cleaning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6881816.

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