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Academic literature on the topic 'Physical additives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 February 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Physical additives"

1

Azhar Y.M. Al-Murshedi and Sahar Hussein Abd Allah. "Investigated physical properties of novel type four deep eutectic solvent." Journal of Kufa for Chemical Sciences 2, no. 10 (November 5, 2023): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36329/jkcm/2023/v2.i10.13366.

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A deep eutectic solvent type four was created by combining 1:4 lithium chloride and 1,2 propanediol. The physical characteristics of pure DES and NiCl2.6H2O in DES with various additions such as H2O, Triton X100, Boric acid, and Nicotinic acid were examined. The results reveal that H2O and Triton X100 have a good improvement in increased conductivity and density, which is highly essential in electrodeposition applications. The UV-Vis spectra of 0.2 M NiCl2.6H2O solutions in DES in the presence and absence of additives were measured. In the absence of additives, we observed peaks at (402, 284, and 219) nm. When we added additives, we saw a blue shift. The results showed a blue shift when additives were added. Also the physical characteristics of CuCl2.2H2Oin DESs and with various additions such as Triton X100, Triton X114, Twien20 and Twien80. The results reveal that Twien80 and Triton X100 have a good improvement in increased conductivity and density, Too the UV-Vis spectra of 0.2 M CuCl2.2H2O solutions in DES in the presence and absence of additives were measured. Show that some of additives does not effect in UV-Vis spectrum such as twin 20 rather than other additives.

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Tarasov, Dmitry, Chander Shahi, and Mathew Leitch. "Effect of Additives on Wood Pellet Physical and Thermal Characteristics: A Review." ISRN Forestry 2013 (February 14, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/876939.

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Additives play a major role in wood pellet characteristics and are a subject of major interest as they act as binding agents for the biomass raw material. Past research has reported the use of lignosulphonate, dolomite, starches, potato flour and peel, and some motor and vegetable oils as additives for wood pellet production. This paper reviews the available research on the effect of different additives on wood pellets' physical and thermal characteristics. It was found that lignosulphonate and starch additives improve the mechanical durability but tend to reduce the calorific value of the wood pellets. Motor and vegetable oil additives increase the calorific value minimally but significantly increase carbon monoxide emissions. Corn starch and dolomite additives also significantly increase carbon monoxide emissions. In order to produce wood pellets with desired physical and thermal characteristics, a suitable additive with the right biomass material should be used.

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Rosen-Kligvasser, Jasmine, Adi Pariente, Maayan Shaked, Ran Y. Suckeveriene, Roza Tchoudakov, and Moshe Narkis. "Extended Additives’ Performance in Polyethylene Thin Films." MRS Advances 1, no. 53 (2016): 3601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.494.

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ABSTRACTFor several decades additives have been incorporated into polymeric systems to improve desirable properties, and eliminate undesirable properties. When added to a polyethylene film, the additives migrate to the films’ surface and their concentration decreases; over time the additive’s effect desists. To solve this problem, efficient methods for extended performance are being sought. Extended additives’ performance is necessary to avoid frequent substitution of polyethylene films for different applications (e.g. greenhouses plastic coverings); as a result, reducing plastic waste and contributing to environmental sustainability. Over the course of our work, a new method of additives’ controlled migration has been developed, by grafting the additive molecules to nano-particles (NPs) via a radical reaction. The particles were used as physical migration retarders. Nano-particles were chosen due to their small size, which does not scatter light significantly. It was thus possible to make composites that retain their optical clarity. Furthermore, the small size of the particles leads to a large interfacial area for grafting. This work focuses on additives such as antifogs (AF) and UV protecting agents. The NPs serve as physical migration retarders, as well as UV protecting agents; the organic grafted molecules serve as AF additives. The existence of the grafted AF molecules to the NP’s surfaces was confirmed; the polyethylene containing AF grafted particles (LLDPE/AF-NPs) has shown satisfactory and promising AF and UV protection performance.

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Asmael, Noor M., Mohammed Y. Fattah, and Abdalmhiman Kadhim. "EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC ADDITIVES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN." Elektronički časopis građevinskog fakulteta Osijek 12, no. 23 (December 15, 2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13167/2021.23.5.

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Warm additives had wide popularity in recent years due to saving in energy and lowering emissions dealt with asphalt mixture production. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is produced by using foaming technology or reducing -viscosity additives of binder to enhance the rheological properties. In this study, organic-based additives (Asphaltan A and Asphaltan B) are used to investigate their effect to minimize the viscosity and lower the temperature of asphalt mixture production. Bitumen is mixed with three doses of each additive: 1, 2, and 3% of its weight. The binder viscosity was measured by rotational viscometer with and without the additives at three different temperatures. The study showed that the organic additives have a positive impact on the behavior of the binder in terms of viscosity reduction and made enhancements in terms of bitumen properties. This result could be useful in the reduction of production temperature and quantity of odour emissions.

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Leskevicienė, Violeta, and Dalia Nizevicienė. "Influence of the setting activators on the physical mechanical properties of phosphoanhydrite." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 20, no. 2 (2014): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq121127004l.

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Phosphoanhydrite was obtained by processing dihydrate phosphogypsum generated during phosphoric acid production at Joint Stock Company (JSC) Lifosa (Lithuania). The influence on the properties of phosphoanhydrite of the treament process? parameters was determined, including the conditions of phosphogypsum neutralisation in the lime suspension; temperature and duration of calcination of neutralized phosphogypsum to phosphoanhydrite; fineness of ground anhydrite; selection of additives activating the hydration of anhydrite and their amounts. Upon adding activators of anhydrite hydration, K2SO4 or Na2SO4, the data of XRD and IR spectral analysis show that the specimens after 1 day of phosphoanhydrite hydration with additives contain complex salts - syngenite upon using K2SO4 additive and glauberite in the case of Na2SO4 additive. These additives act as crystallization centers and accelerate hydration. It has been determined that the specimens of phosphoanhydrite calcined at a temperature of 900 ? C with 2 % K2SO4 additive have the best physical and mechanical properties. Already after 1 day of hardening the specimens acquired a compressive strength of 21.18 MPa, and after 28 days of hardening they had a compressive strength of 58.5 MPa (dry specimens).

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Aluyor, E. O., and T. O. K. Audu. "Effect of Lubrication Additives on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soyabean Oil." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.374.

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The effect of two lubrication additives on the physical and chemical properties of refined soybean oil was studied. The two additives used were a complex blend of anti-oxidant; anti-wear and pour-point depressant-AP821 and AP820- used in the production of Super v and Visco 2000 brands of lubricants respectively. The physical and chemical properties of the soybean oil and base oil samples containing varying percent by volume of each additive were analysed. Results obtained show that the flashpoint of soybean oil increased from 256.6oC to 265oC and 284oC for the AP821 and AP820 additives respectively. This was better than the increase recorded for the base oil which increased from 208oC to 215 oC and 228oC for the AP821 and AP820 additives respectively. Other results obtained for pour point reduction, specific gravity and viscosity showed a positive effect of the additives on soybean oil.

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Tuskaeva, Zalina, and Soslan Karyaev. "Influence of various additives on properties of concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 14007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016414007.

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A comparative analysis of concrete samples without chemical additives and three concrete samples with additives was carried out The first sample contains the liquid additive, the other two contain the powder additive. The article aims at finding out the effectiveness of additives influence on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete and the basis for the application areas of modified types of concrete. By means of laboratory tests, the physical and mechanical properties of concrete mixtures are determined. To determine the strength characteristics of concrete samples, the IM-1250M testing machine was used. The tests were carried out under the same temperature and humidity conditions. According to the results of the experiments, the samples with the multifunctional additive "D-5" showed the best characteristics of concrete, and the samples with the dolomite flour additive were the cheapest. As a result of the experimental analysis, the effects of three additives on the strength characteristics of concrete and water resistance were determined. Cemplast and D-5 additives are highly effective modifiers of concrete and mortar. They can increase the strength by 20-40% at the age of 28 days at dosages of 1.6-6% with a decrease in water-cement ratio and a decrease of cement amount by 20%. Additives highly increase the workability of the mixture, air entrainment and water resistance. While using the chemical additives an early set of the concrete design strength is observed for the construction time reducing in 7 days.

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Adel Ismael, Omar, and Siham Idan Salih. "ASPHALT BINDERS EMPLOY VARIOUS ORGANIC ADDITIVES: PHYSICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL QUALITIE." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.1.7.

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Several studies aim to reduce surface temperatures and improve the performance of hot mix asphalt. These studies have occurred to reduce the global warming phenomena and economic concerns. We're researching how organic materials affect the viscosity of modified asphalt. Asphaltan A, Asphaltan B, Asphaltan C, and T-grade are organic additives. temperatures with the asphalt binder were employed in the current study. These organic additives were used to improve the characteristics of hot-mix asphalt. In addition, it increases the durability, and lifespan of pavement and reduces mixing and compaction temperatures. A penetration grade bitumen of 40/50 was used in this study. Then, pure bitumen was added to the organic additives to modify binders containing varying concentrations of each additive. Physical properties were performance at different levels of additives. In the research, conventional bitumen/asphalt should be adjusted due to climate conditions, strong traffic loads, and growing axial loads. As a result, asphalt mixtures comprehending bitumen with a high penetration index are less prone to low-temperature cracking and irreversible deformation. Traditional asphalt studies found that bitumen samples with the softening point of warm mix asphalt additives were greater rate, and were less susceptible to temperature changes. The introduction of organic compounds increased the penetration and softening point of the asphalt substantially. This indicated that the stiffness and thermal expansion of the binder had gotten better.

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Hasan, Wshyar M., Rana A. Yousif, Abbas F. Jasim, and Sady A. Tayh. "Enhancing Bitumen Properties through Worm Mix Asphalt Additives: A Study on Physical and Rheological Characteristics." E3S Web of Conferences 427 (2023): 03027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342703027.

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This study aimed to determine how various concentrations of warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives can affect the rheological and physical characteristics of asphalt cement. Bitumen was modified by the chemical additive PAWMA® with an addition ratio of (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6), while the organic additives, Sasobit® and Kaowax®, were added at concentrations of (2, 4, and 6%) by the weight of bitumen. Bitumen hardness, softness, temperature susceptibility, viscosity, and elastic behavior have all been measured using a variety of physical and rheological tests, such as the penetration degree, softening point, penetration index, rotational viscosity, and dynamic shear rheology. This study showed that bitumen physical and rheological properties were affected differently according to the type and percentage of the WMA additive employed. The PAWMA additive, for instance, raised the bitumen penetration while Sasobit® and Kaowax® decreased the bitumen penetration degree. The inverse occurred for the softening point values. All WMA additives lowered bitumen viscosity values. Results from a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) showed that the rutting index value (G*/Sin) rose, indicating improved rutting resistance.

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Merekalov, Alexey S., Oleg N. Karpov, Georgiy A. Shandryuk, Olga A. Otmakhova, Alexander V. Finko, Artem V. Bakirov, Vladimir S. Bezborodov, and Raisa V. Talroze. "Role of New Chiral Additives on Physical-Chemical Properties of the Nematic Liquid Crystal Matrix." Materials 16, no. 17 (September 2, 2023): 6038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16176038.

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We have synthesized and studied three new chiral substances as additives to a nematic liquid crystal. The difference in the optical activity and chemical structure of additive molecules results in the appearance of the chiral nematic phase and the change in both the compatibility of the mixture components and temperature range of the liquid crystal phase. The role of additives with fundamentally different structures and optical activities is shown. The increase in the TNI that is observed in mixtures with 4-[(2S)-(+)-2-Methylbutoxy]benzoic acid indicate the possibility of the increase in order caused by the formation of molecularly rigid and elongated dimers of the additive, which was confirmed using infrared spectra. The doping of the nematic liquid crystal with (2R)-(+)-2-[4-[2-Chloro-4-(4-hexylphenyl)phenyl]phenoxy]propanoic acid causes the lowering of TNI. The binol derivative S-(+)-6-[1-[2-(5-Carboxypentoxy)naphthalen-1-yl]naphthalen-2-yl] oxyhexanoic acid has the highest chirality among the additives used. One can explain the effects observed in terms of the role of size, shape, and compatibility with the nematic matrix as shown by the molecules that are used as additives.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physical additives"

1

Megkoulas, Nikolaos. "Physical properties of single additives and additive mixtures in polyolefins." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410363.

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Whiteman, David James. "The physical chemistry of stabilising additives in rubber toughened polyolefins." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285136.

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Lazare, Laurent. "Physical properties of additives in poly(ester-block-ether)s." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324186.

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Dogan, Mehmet. "Effect Of Polymer Additives On The Physical Properties Of Bitumen Based Composites." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607531/index.pdf.

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Polymer modified bitumen is a binder obtained by the incorporation of various types of polymers in bitumen using mechanical mixing or chemical reactions. There are several factors affecting the properties of polymer modified bituminous composites such as
chemical composition of bitumen, kind of polymer and filler, compatibility of bitumen and polymer, amount of bitumen, polymer and filler, particle size of filler and process conditions. The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of polymer type and concentration on mechanical, thermal, properties and morphologies of bitumen based composites. It was also aimed to determine the effect of process temperature on mechanical and thermal properties of bituminous composites. Bituminous composites were prepared by using Brabender Plastic Coder, PLV 151. Mixing was made at two different temperatures (150 º
C and 180 º
C) at 60 rpm for 20 minutes. Three different kinds of polymer and four different polymer concentrations were used to understand the effect of polymer type and polymer concentration on bituminous composites properties. Low density polyethylene (LDPE), styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBS) and ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) were chosen as polymer. The compositions were adjusted as the polymer volumes were equal to 5%, 10%, 20% and 50% of bitumen volume. According to the test results, addition of polymer increases the mechanical properties, reduces the melt flow index and thermal conductivity values of bituminous composites. Morphological analysis results show that, fibrillation occurs at tensile fractured surfaces of composites which contain LDPE and EVA when the polymer concentration reaches 20% of bitumen volume.

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Healy, John Paul. "Aspects of the electrochemistry of additives in an acid copper plating bath." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305479.

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6

Reynolds, A. E. "Effects of surface additives on the structure and reactivity of transition metal surfaces." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356722.

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Furuya, Tsutomu. "Structure Formation and Physical Properties of Aqueous Polymer Solutions and Hydrogels with Additives." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/236625.

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Lin, Shyh-Hsiang. "Meat analog development and physical, chemical, and sensory properties /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924899.

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Terakita, Akira. "Effects of Additives on Physical and Chemical Stability of Drug in Solid State Formulation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/97937.

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Seddon, Richard. "Influence of flame retardant additives on the processing characteristics and physical properties of ABS." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14228.

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Antimony trioxide (Sb203) and halogenated additives are used together in flameretarded formulations due to their synergistic retardant properties. A study has been made to determine the effects of adding different grades of Sb203 (dSD particle sizes 0.11 um, 0.52um and 1.31 um) into ABS polymer either alone or with commercial brominated materials (BTBPE, TBBA, DBDPO) and an experimental bromine grade (sDBDPO). The Sb20 3 was added at 4wt% loadings and the bromines at 20wt% loadings. The results consider the influence of the additives on processing, mechanical, morphological and flame retardant properties. All compounds were produced using a twin-screw co-rotating extruder and then an injection moulder was used to mould notched impact (falling weight testing), flexural, LOI and UL-94 flame test bars. Samples of all the compounded formulations were titrated to determine Sb20 3 and Br contents. Fracture surface, morphology, size and dispersion analysis was carried out using both SEM and TEM equipment. Osmium tetroxide (OS04) staining was used to determine relative locations of filler particles and polybutadiene phase. Additions of the different antimony trioxide grades showed that the 0.52um and 1.31 um grades lowered impact energy absorption (-25 to -30%) when added at 4wt% loading. The use of a sub-micron size grade (0.1 um) did not significantly lower impact properties (-3%) and had similarly small effects on the flexural modulus and flexural strength. Additions of the brominated materials had much greater effects causing large reductions in impact properties (-20 to :70%). The presence of the bromines generally increased flexural modulus and lowered flexural strength with the exception of TB BA, which increased both modulus and strength. Compounds containing both 1.31 um Sb203 and bromines suffered a further reduction in impact energies, with the bromine properties dominating. Using the 0.1 um Sb20 3 grade again improved impact and flexural properties compared to the 1.31 um grade. The 0.1 um grade resulted in improvements in fire resistance as measured by the UL-94 properties when used with all bromine grades.

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Books on the topic "Physical additives"

1

Dalziel, J. A. The influence of pulverized-fuel ash upon the hydration characteristics and certain physical properties of a Portland cement paste. Wexhanm Springs, Slough: Cement and Concrete Association, 1986.

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Dalziel, J. A. The influence of pulverized-fuel ash upon the hydration characteristics and certain physical properties of a Portland cement paste. Slough: Cement and Concrete Association, 1986.

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Kucharska, Barbara. Powłoki PVD ze stali chromowo-niklowej modyfikowane dodatkami Al, Ir, Re i Ru: PVD coatings composed of chromium nickel steel modified with addition of Al, Ir, Re and Ru. Częstochowa: Wydawnictwo Wydziału Inżynierii Procesowej, Materiałowej i Fizyki Stosowanej Politechniki Częstochowskiej, 2011.

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Godfrey, Douglas. Back to basics: Physical and chemical properties of industrial mineral oils affecting lubrication, parts 1-5. Park Ridge, Ill: Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, 1996.

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Makarenkov, Dmitriy, and Vyacheslav Nazarov. Technique and technology of granulation of multicomponent polydisperse materials using combined processes of their preparation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1873862.

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The monograph examines the theoretical foundations and practice of granulating multicomponent polydisperse waste in various hardware design. Methods of structuring multicomponent polydisperse materials have been developed, the role of technological additives and mechanical activation processes has been revealed, which allows reducing energy consumption in granulation processes. Physical models of compaction of multicomponent polydisperse materials in granulating equipment with deformation foci of various shapes are proposed. The system analysis of chemical and technological processes of granulation of multicomponent polydisperse materials on roller presses, on rotary granulators and pelletizing granulators of the poppet type and high-speed apparatuses is carried out. Engineering methods for calculating the power parameters of multicomponent charges in various types of granulating equipment with the production of target products of various shapes are given. It is designed for students, postgraduates and researchers of chemical-technological and polytechnic universities, as well as engineering and technical workers of various industries.

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Gyr, A. Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995.

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Polonina, Elena, Sergey Leonovich, Sergey Fedosov, and Valeriy Yaglov. Structural concrete with a complex addition of hydrothermal nanosilicon and carbon nanotubes. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1981690.

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The monograph is devoted to improving the methods of directed and controlled regulation of the C — S — H-gel structure by varying the doses, sizes, physical and chemical characteristics of the surface, and the nanoparticles used. The authors have developed an additive that additionally contains a superplasticizer to reduce the water demand of the concrete mixture and stabilize the nanoparticles. The dependences of the strength growth of cement stone and structural heavy concrete on the components of the complex additive are revealed. Experimental confirmation of the mechanism of action of a combined nano—additive with a reduced consumption of nanoparticles on the structure of C — S - H-gel was obtained based on the results of the application of a set of methods. It is revealed that the use of a complex additive contributes to a proportional increase in the reduced modulus of elasticity, hardness, and mechanical characteristics of Portland cement stone and concrete. The study of the additive in the conditions of the construction site showed the prospects of its application for construction, ensuring a reduction in the cost of the technology of nanomodification of concrete relative to the effect of improving performance. For specialists of research, construction and design organizations dealing with the modification of concrete with nanomaterials, as well as for students, undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers who work on the problems of building materials science.

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Health), Workshop on the Role of Dietary Supplements for Physically Active People (1996 National Institutes of. National Institutes of Health Workshop on the Role of Dietary Supplements for Physically Active People: Proceedings of a workshop held in Bethesda, MD, June 3-4, 1996. [Bethesda, Md: The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc., 2000.

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Gampert, B. The Influence of Polymer Additives on Velocity and Temperature Fields: Symposium Universität -- GH -- Essen, Germany, June 26-28, 1984. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986.

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Shanefield, Daniel J. Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing: With Applications in Powder Metallurgy, Ink, and Paint. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physical additives"

1

Shanefield, Daniel J. "Chemical and Physical Bonding." In Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing, 8–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6103-0_2.

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Shanefield, Daniel J. "Chemical and Physical Bonding." In Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing, Second Edition, 8–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1433-2_2.

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Kovarski, A. L. "Effect of Polymer Structure and Physical State." In Molecular Dynamics of Additives in Polymers, 186–224. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070334-8.

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Kashytskyi, Vitalii, Oksana Sadova, Mykola Melnychuk, Petro Savchuk, and Oleksandr Liushuk. "Influence of Additives Processed by Physical Fields on Tribotechnical Properties of Polymer Composites." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 393–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06025-0_39.

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Germashev, I. V., E. F. Feoktistov, E. V. Derbisher, and V. E. Derbisher. "Optimization of Ingredients of a Polymeric Composition Under the Conditions of a Paired Interaction of Active Additives." In Cyber-Physical Systems: Modelling and Industrial Application, 311–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95120-7_26.

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Gaur, Manoj K., Sumeet K. Singh, Akash Sood, and Dharamveer S. Chauhan. "Experimental Investigation of Physical and Tribological Properties of Engine Oil with Nano-particles Additives." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 255–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93587-4_27.

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Lee, Eunsang, Hari Krishna Chilukoti, and Florian Müller-Plathe. "Stopping Droplet Rebound with Polymer Additives: A Molecular Viewpoint." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 87–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_5.

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AbstractThe origin of rebound suppression of an impacting droplet by a small amount of polymer additive has been tentatively explained by various physical concepts including the dynamic surface tension, the additional energy dissipation by non-Newtonian elongational viscosity, the elastic force of stretched polymer, and the additional friction on a receding contact line. To better understand the role of polymer on a molecular level, we performed multi-body dissipative particle dynamics simulations of droplets impacting on solvophobic surfaces. The rebound suppression is achieved by the elastic force of stretched polymer during the hopping stage, and the additional friction on the contact line during the retraction stage. Both slow-hopping and slow-retraction mechanisms coexist in a wide range of simulation parameters, but the latter is prevailing for large droplets, and for the strong attraction strength between polymer and surface. The increased polymer adsorption, which maybe achieved by a higher polymer concentration or a larger molecular weight, stimulates both mechanisms. Also, the molecular evidence of the additional friction on the receding contact line is shown from the relation between the contact angle and the contact line velocity where the slope of the fitted line is an indication of the additional friction.

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Bulgakov, Alexey, Dmitrii Mishin, and Klaus Holschemacher. "Effects of Glass and Plastic Additives on the Physical, Mechanical and Strength Characteristics of Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 157–66. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36723-6_17.

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Blanco, Mariana F., Ana J. Amasino, Irene Pena, Gladys Laporte, Pablo Sota, Daniela Olivera, and Fernanda C. Cárdenas. "Inhibition of Microbial Growth in Bovine Meats Surface by Combined Physical Agents and Natural Additives." In Food Engineering Series, 25–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61817-9_2.

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Koczo, Kalman, Mark D. Leatherman, Kevin Hughes, and Don Knobloch. "Foaming Chemistry and Physics." In Lubricant Additives, 337–84. Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120621-19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Physical additives"

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Gouda, Kareem, Abdel Bayoumi, Joshua Tarbutton, and Jacob McVay. "Nanolubricant Oil Additives for Performance Improvement of the Intermediate Gearbox in the AH-64D Helicopter." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–11. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9629.

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This paper presents a new nanolubricant for the intermediate gearbox of the Apache aircraft. Historically, the intermediate gearbox has been prone for grease leaking and this natural-occurring fault has negatively impacted the airworthiness of the aircraft. In this study, the incorporation of graphite nanoparticles in mobile aviation gear oil is presented as a nanofluid with excellent thermo-physical properties. Condition-based maintenance practices are demonstrated where four nanoparticle additive oil samples with different concentrations are tested in a full-scale tail rotor drive-train test stand, in addition to, a baseline sample for comparison purposes. Different condition monitoring results suggest the capacity of the nanofluids to have significant gearbox performance benefits when compared to the base oil.

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Dounas, Theodoros, Yorgos Berdos, and Jiri Vele. "Towards a Decentralized Physical Infrastructure for Additive Manufacturing in Architecture." In eCAADe 2024: Data-Driven Intelligence, 495–504. eCAADe, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.495.

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Blake, Cody Daniel, Jason Tyler Street, James Wooten, Phong Ly, and Brian Mitchell. "Additives in biomass pellets for improvements in physical properties." In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201700018.

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"A Systematic Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of No-Fine Concrete with Additives." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-24.

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Abstract. No-fine concrete (also called as pervious concrete or porous concrete) is a lightweight concrete made up of primary binder and coarse aggregates with little or no sand. Due to the reduced amount or absence of fines, it produces large number of voids which improves permeability to greater extent. Hence this type of concrete can be used in pavements and in parking lots. The literature review is carried out to study the physical and mechanical properties of no-fine concrete with additives. Various reports were collected and studied about variation in physical and mechanical properties of pervious concrete with different additives. Additives may be either mineral additives (fly ash, silica fumes, rice husk ash etc..,) or chemical additives (plasticizers, super plasticizers, retarders etc..,). Our project involved the utilization of recycled coarse aggregates, fly ash and rice husk in no-fine concrete. After this study, it was concluded that ‘upon the addition of additives, it increases permeability by decreasing its strength and vice-versa’. Balancing its permeability and strength remains challenging.

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Capela, P., M. S. Souza, S. Costa, M. Fernandes, H. Figueiredo, R. Alves, I. Delgado, J. Teixeira, and D. Soares. "Solder Paste Additives for Thermal Expansion Control." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72478.

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Abstract Most electronic failures that occur in equipment are due to stresses induced by differences in the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the different materials in a Printed Circuit Board Assemblies (PCBA). During a thermal cycle, the incompatibility of CTE between the PCB and the components induces shear fatigue that may affect the reliability of the solder interconnections on the PCB, which can eventually lead to fracture and failure of the joints and the PCB. Due to the advancement in the electronic components industry, interest from the researcher’s point of view has grown in studying the influence of additives in the solder alloys, in relation to microstructure, physical and mechanical properties and, mainly in the CTE. In this work two types of additives (Bi and graphite powder) were tested in order to reduce the CTE of a lead-free solder (SAC305) solder paste for reflow soldering. Because the selected additives have different characteristics, namely different densities, a different method of SAC305 solder additivation was tested for each type of additive. For Bi addition in SAC305 alloy (up to 6.5 wt.%), after a mechanical mixing of it, with the solder paste, a fusion technique (with a thermal cycle similar to the used on the reflow soldering) was used. For composites with graphite (addition up to 0.1 wt.%) a double-printing method was used in order to achieve a homogeneous additive distribution, so that graphite remained in the final ingot. These additivated solder alloys were chemically analyzed and characterized for thermogravimetric properties. Samples microstructure were characterized by SEM/EDS analysis, and also they were tested for their electrical resistivity. With graphite addition there is a slight increase on the initial alloy melting temperature (∼1.5°C) and with Bi an almost linear decrease was obtained (∼16 °C for the higher tested Bi addition). Composites with bismuth have a decrease trend, with the additive increase content until close to 5%. The CTE value decreases almost linearly ((from 25 to ∼14.5 μm/(m·°C); R2 = 0.9905). However, the sample of SAC305 + 6.5% Bi does not follow this trend, which may indicate that for these and higher amounts of bismuth, the composite CTE stabilizes. For composites with graphite there is a reduction of CTE (from 25 to ∼17 μm/(m·°C) for 0.04 wt. % graphite addition). For higher graphite additions the CTE seems to increase. The obtained results show that both additives can be used in order to achieve a CTE target value close to the PCB copper PAD (17 μm/(m·°C). However, the mixing method used for graphite mixing on solder paste cannot be directly transposed to the reflow soldering technique.

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Zghair, Hussein H., and Humam H. Mohammed. "The influence of nano sustainable additives on physical characteristics of modified asphalts." In CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING: CMSAE-2021. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0148489.

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Ramdani, Muhammad Adzin Rifqi, M. Mirza Abdillah Pratama, and Cynthia Permata Dewi. "Physical properties of fresh thin bed mortar using polyvinyl acetate-based additives." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GCEE 2023). AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0204756.

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Juimo Tchamdjou, Willy Hermann, Moulay Larbi Abidi, Toufik Cherradi, Azzeddine Bouyahyaoui, and Didier Fokwa. "Evaluation of Physical Properties of Volcanic Scoria Powder Particles as Concrete Mineral Additives." In International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Humanity. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010430801480158.

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Ganiev, Alijon, Bekzod Tursunov, and Eldor Karshiev. "Study of physical and mechanical properties of high strong concrete with chemical additives." In 2021 ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091169.

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Paiva, Rayane de Lima Moura, Patrícia Brandão Sousa, Camila de Barros Lima Carreira, Adriana Paiva Souza Martins, and Romildo Dias Toledo Filho. "Physical, Thermal and Microstructural Characterization of Earth Mortars Stabilized with Incorporating Air Additive." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.211.

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In recent years, the search for non-conventional materials has intensified, aiming to reduce environmental impacts in the civil construction sector as a strategy for more sustainable development. Among these materials, earth mortars are a promising option, as they have technological, economic, and environmental advantages. Due to the absence of literary data on the use of air-incorporating additives (AEA) in earth mortars, the objective of this article is to verify the influence of the incorporation of AEA (0,10, 20, and 40% of the total volume of the mixture) in the mechanical properties (compression strength at 28 days), physical (total water absorption by immersion), thermal, and microstructural (scanning electron microscopy) of the referred mortars. The study was carried out in a stabilized earth mortar, with a 1:3 mass mix proportion (binder: aggregate). The raw materials used were constituted by binders (cement, hydrated lime, fly ash, metakaolinite), aggregates (sand, a coarse fraction of the soil), additives (AEA, calcium chloride, superplasticizer), and water. The water-binder material ratio (a / bm) was fixed at 0.65, and the consumption of binder and aggregate was 461.71 and 1385.12 kg, respectively, per m3 of the mixture. The tests demonstrated that the incorporation of the additive influenced the behavior under compression (strength and stiffness reduction), thermal performance (conductivity reduction), and physical behavior (absorption and voids index´s increases) compared to the mixture without AEA. From the analysis of the results, it was found that the incorporation of air in the mortars led to an increase in porosity, directly influencing the thermal insulation capacity, measured by thermal conductivity. Microstructure changes were observed through SEM images, corroborating the influence of the AEA. Under compression loads, the stiffness reduction decreases the risk of eventual cracking, however, the reduction in strength should be controlled to meet normative limits.

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Reports on the topic "Physical additives"

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Moran, Samuel, Kyle Johnson, W. Saul, Albert To, and Basil Paudel. Compensating for Sintering Distortion in Additively Manufactured Shaped Charge Liners using Physics-Informed Machine Learning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2430184.

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Spetzler, Hartmut. Seismic Absorption and Modulus Measurements in Porous Rocks in Lab and Field: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Effects of Fluids (Detecting a Biosurfactant Additive in a Field Irrigation Experiment). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1010627.

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Letcher, Theodore, and Julie Parno. Incorporating advanced snow microphysics and lateral transport into the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47660.

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The dynamic state of the land surface presents challenges and opportunities for military and civil operations in extreme cold environments. In particular, the effects of snow and frozen ground on Soldier and vehicle mobility are hard to overstate. Current authoritative weather and land models are run at global scales (i.e., dx > 10 km) and are of limited use at the Soldier scale (dx < 100 m). Here, we describe several snow physics upgrades made to the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) community land surface model (LSM). These upgrades include a blowing snow overlay to simulate the lateral redistribution of snow by the wind and the addition of new prognostic snow microstructure variables, namely grain size and bond radius. These additions represent major upgrades to the snow component of the Noah-MP LSM because they incorporate processes and methods used in more specialized snow modeling frameworks. These upgrades are demonstrated in idealized and real-world applications. The test simulations were promising and show that the newly added snow physics replicate observed behavior with reasonable accuracy. We hope these upgrades facilitate ongoing and future research on characterizing the effects of the integrated snow and soil land surface in extreme cold environments at the tactical scale.

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Coyle, William, Mark Gehlhar, Thomas Hertel, Zhi Wang, and Wusheng Yu. Understanding the Determinants of structural Change in World Food Markets. GTAP Working Paper, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp02.

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This study assesses the interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies. We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission --as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture-- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. This is due to the positive correlation between productivity changes and current levels of agricultural support. Increases in subsidized output under climate change tend to exacerbate inefficiencies in the global agricultural economy in the absence of market insulation. However, once agricultural subsidies have also been eliminated, price transmission via the global trading system contributes positively to economic adaptation under climate change. products. This may partially explain the relatively slow growth of world grain import demand in recent years. In addition, bilateral agreements with East Asia, NAFTA, and the evolution of the CAP, have all had important impacts on the structure of world food and agricultural trade. The objective of this paper is to assess the relative role of each of the major forces-- consumer demand, factor accumulation, transport costs, and policy change--in driving changes in the composition of world food trade in 1980-1995. To do so, we employ a modified version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model of world trade which permits us to isolate the contribution of each of these related factors to the changing composition of world food trade in a general equilibrium context. We evaluate the relative role of each of these factors by simulating the model backwards in time, from 1995 to 1980 under different assumptions. This general approach, termed “backcasting” (i.e. backwards forecasting), takes as exogenous the basic drivers of change and attempts to explain the resulting change in food trade composition. The model-produced changes in the composition of agricultural and food trade are compared with historical trade data, to determine the relative importance of each factor on the changing composition of food trade. Given limited space, our focus will be on explaining the changes in the global composition of food and agriculture trade. A natural follow-on effort would target specific markets in more detail. This type of backcasting approach was first employed by Gehlhar (1997) who sought to explain the shift in exports of primary commodities to manufactures in East Asia in the 1980's. He calibrated the GTAP model to 1992 data, then implemented shocks to factor endowments and economywide total factor productivity (TFP) in order to force each economy back to its 1982 levels of population, land, labor, human capital, physical capital and technology. By comparing actual and predicted changes in export shares in this period, he found human capital accumulation played a key role in explaining the change in the aggregate composition of East Asian exports. Gehlhar, Hertel and Martin (1994) built on this work in an effort to predict future changes in the pattern of agricultural trade from 1992-2002. They also emphasized the importance of supply-side determinants of agricultural trade. In this paper, we go beyond this earlier work in a number of ways. First, we focus on the composition of agricultural exports, rather than simply looking at the share of agriculture in total trade. Secondly, we incorporate the Cranfield et al. estimates of Rimmer and Powell’s recently developed, implicitly directly additive demand system (nicknamed AIDADS) into the GTAP model. This permits us to better capture the impact of demand-side changes on the pattern of global tr

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