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Chang, Sun Ju, and Eun-Ok Im. "Testing a Theoretical Model of Immigration Transition and Physical Activity." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 29, no. 3 (2015): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.29.3.177.
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The purposes of the study were to develop a theoretical model to explain the relationships between immigration transition and midlife women’s physical activity and test the relationships among the major variables of the model. A theoretical model, which was developed based on transitions theory and the midlife women’s attitudes toward physical activity theory, consists of 4 major variables, including length of stay in the United States, country of birth, level of acculturation, and midlife women’s physical activity. To test the theoretical model, a secondary analysis with data from 127 Hispanic women and 123 non-Hispanic (NH) Asian women in a national Internet study was used. Among the major variables of the model, length of stay in the United States was negatively associated with physical activity in Hispanic women. Level of acculturation in NH Asian women was positively correlated with women’s physical activity. Country of birth and level of acculturation were significant factors that influenced physical activity in both Hispanic and NH Asian women. The findings support the theoretical model that was developed to examine relationships between immigration transition and physical activity; it shows that immigration transition can play an essential role in influencing health behaviors of immigrant populations in the United States. The NH theoretical model can be widely used in nursing practice and research that focus on immigrant women and their health behaviors. Health care providers need to consider the influences of immigration transition to promote immigrant women’s physical activity.
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Sánchez-Martínez, María Piedad, Roberto Bernabeu-Mora, Jose Antonio García-Vidal, Josep Benítez-Martínez, Silvana Loana de Oliveira-Sousa, and Francesc Medina-Mirapeix. "Patterns and predictors of low physical activity in patients with stable COPD: a longitudinal study." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (January 2020): 175346662090977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620909772.
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Background: Despite the frequency and negative impact of low physical activity among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), little is known about how it persists and remits over time or the factors predicting new states of low physical activity. The aim of the study was to determine the probability of a transition between states of low and nonlow physical activity in a cohort of patients with stable COPD followed for 2 years. We also investigated different potentially modifiable factors to determine whether they can predict new states of low physical activity. Methods: We prospectively included 137 patients with stable COPD (mean age 66.9 ± 8.3 years). Physical activity was measured at baseline and at 1 and 2 years of follow up. Low physical activity was defined according to energy expenditure by cut-off points from the Fried frailty model. The likelihood of annual transition towards new states and recovery was calculated. We evaluated demographic, frailty, nonrespiratory, and respiratory variables as potential predictors, using generalized estimating equations. Results: At baseline, 37 patients (27%) presented with low physical activity. During the study period, a total of 179 annual transitions were identified with nonlow physical activity at the beginning of the year; 17.5% transitioned to low physical activity. In contrast, 34.3% of the 67 transitions that started with low physical activity recovered. Predictors of transition to new states of low physical activity were dyspnea ⩾2 (odds ratio = 3.21; 95% confidence interval: 1.20–8.61) and poor performance on the five sit-to-stand test (odds ratio = 4.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.30–17.47). Conclusions: The change between levels of low and nonlow physical activity is dynamic, especially for recovery. Annual transitions toward new states of low physical activity are likely among patients with dyspnea or poor performance on the five sit-to-stand test. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Spotswood, Fiona, Triin Vihalemm, Marko Uibu, and Leene Korp. "Understanding whole school physical activity transition from a practice theory perspective." Health Education 121, no. 5 (July 13, 2021): 523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-04-2021-0066.
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PurposeIn this study, the authors offer a practice theory framing of school physical activity transition with conceptual and managerial contributions to whole school approaches (WSAs).Design/methodology/approachBased on a literature overview of the limitations of WSA, ecological and systems theorisation and a practice theory framing of physical activity, the authors introduce a model that identifies signs of practice transition and conceptualises the relationship between signs and practice reconfigurations. To exemplify insights from the model, the authors provide illustrations from three cases from the national Estonian “Schools in Motion” programme.FindingsThe signs of practitioner effort, resistance and habituation indicate how practice ecosystem transition is unfolding across a spectrum from practice differentiation to routinisation. Several signs of transition, like resistance, indicate that reconfigured practices are becoming established. Also, there are signs of habituation that seemingly undermine the value of the programme but should instead be celebrated as valuable evidence for the normalisation of new practices.Practical implicationsThe article provides a model for WSA programme managers to recognise signs of transition and plan appropriate managerial activities.Originality/valueThe practice theory framing of school physical activity transition advances from extant theorizations of WSAs that have failed to account for the dynamic ways that socio-cultural change in complex school settings can unfold. A model, based on a practice ontology and concepts from theories of practice, is proposed. This recognises signs of transition and can help with the dynamic and reflexive management of transition that retains the purpose of systemic whole school change.
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Lee, Soo-Kyung, and Jeffery Sobal. "Socio-economic, dietary, activity, nutrition and body weight transitions in South Korea." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 7 (October 2003): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003485.
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AbstractObjective:Socio-economic development influences many factors that affect health, especially diet and nutrition. This investigation proposes that a system of transitions occur as societies develop, with socio-economic, physical activity, dietary, nutrition and body weight transitions operating in relationship with each other. This model of transitions was examined empirically using South Korea as an example of a nation that has undergone considerable changes.Design:Data were drawn from published government reports: the Korean National Nutrition Survey and annual reports at the national level for the years between 1969 and 1993. The socio-economic transition was assessed by gross national product. The physical activity transition was assessed using annual proportions of the population involved in primary, secondary and tertiary industries, as well as the number of cars and driver's licences. The dietary transition was measured by plant and animal food consumption. The nutrition transition was assessed by percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat. The body weight transition was measured by body mass index calculated from the average height and weight of adolescents.Results:Results revealed that the transitions were highly correlated as expected, with the socio-economic transition exhibiting major changes. South Koreans tended to decrease their physical activity and plant food consumption, and to increase animal food consumption, percentage of energy from dietary fat and body weight, in relationship to the socio-economic transition.Conclusion:Examining a system of transitions on a national level in one country that has undergone rapid economic development may provide a strategy for examining how such transitions operate in other nations.
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Yli-Piipari, Sami, Timo Jaakkola, and Jarmo Liukkonen. "Gender Specific Developmental Dynamics between Physical Education Task Values and Physical Activity during Junior High School." Sport Science Review 19, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2010): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10237-011-0039-2.
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Gender Specific Developmental Dynamics between Physical Education Task Values and Physical Activity during Junior High School This study investigated the gender specific developmental dynamics of students' physical education task values and physical activity across junior high school. A total of 812 (430 boys, 382 girls, Mage = 12.31, age range = 11 to 13) students' were examined three times during their transition from Grade 7 to Grade 9. Furthermore, their physical activity at Grade 6 was measured. Multivariate simplex-model analyses found degreasing pattern of student' physical education task motivation and physical activity. The decrease of students' task values leveled off at Grades 8 and 9, whereas students' physical activity for both genders continued to decrease across Grades 7 to 9. In addition, students' physical education task values predicted their subsequent physical activity when previous levels of values and activity as well as physical activity at Grade 6 were controlled. Although boys' valued physical education more and they were more physically active, there were no gender differences in the pattern of development of physical education task values and physical activity. These findings indicate that the development of students' physical activity might be affected by fostering their values toward physical education.
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Sheng, Jie, Peng Shi, Jinyue Sun, and Xiaosu Feng. "Predictors of Physical Activity Behavior Transitions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review Based on a Transtheoretical Model." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2023 (February 14, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5786841.
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Background. The transtheoretical model (TTM) views individual behavioral change as a nonlinear, dynamic process, which is consistent with the complex nature of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents. However, within this theoretical framework, the elements that facilitate the behavioral change in PA in children and adolescents need to be further explored. Objective. A systematic review of research related to TTM-based exploration of the elements of behavioral change in PA in children and adolescents, an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses in practice, and an outlook for future research. Materials and Methods. After computer searches of the CNKI, Wan-Fang, VIP, WOS, PubMed, and EBSCO databases, two researchers independently screened articles, extracted information, and evaluated the quality of the articles. Results. A total of 25 articles (26 studies) of medium- to high-quality were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis included 30,106 children and adolescents aged 11.24 to 17.7 years. The counter-conditioning and self-liberation of the process of change, self-efficacy and decisional balance are key elements that facilitate the transition of the PA stage in children and adolescents. Extramodel psychological variables such as exercise motivation play a moderate to large role in the PA stage transition. In addition, VPA is an important discriminator of PA stage transition in children and adolescents. Conclusion. It is recommended that interventions be designed according to the key elements of behavioral change in order to better facilitate the PA stage transition of children and adolescents.
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Curtin, Kimberley D., Christina C. Loitz, Nancy Spencer-Cavaliere, and Ernest Nene Khalema. "Challenges of being new to Canada: considerations for physical activity." Global Health Promotion 25, no. 2 (July 12, 2016): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916656347.
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Immigrants to Canada are less likely to be physically active compared with non-immigrants, and the interrelations between personal and environmental factors that influence physical activity for immigrants are largely unexplored. The goal of this qualitative descriptive study was to understand how the experience of being new to Canada impacts opportunities and participation in physical activity. Two focus group interviews with immigrants to Canada were conducted. The first group ( n=7) included multicultural health brokers. The second group ( n=14) included English as a second language students. Qualitative content analysis was used to determine three themes consistent with the research question: transition to Canadian life, commitments and priorities, and accessibility. Discussion was framed using a social ecological model. Implications for practice and policy are suggested including enhanced community engagement, and organizational modifications. Overall, the development and implementation of physical activity policies and practices for newcomers to Canada should be centered on newcomers’ perspectives and experiences.
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Kocaballi, Ahmet Baki, Enrico Coiera, Huong Ly Tong, Sarah J. White, Juan C. Quiroz, Fahimeh Rezazadegan, Simon Willcock, and Liliana Laranjo. "A network model of activities in primary care consultations." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 10 (April 22, 2019): 1074–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz046.
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Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to characterize the dynamic structure of primary care consultations by identifying typical activities and their inter-relationships to inform the design of automated approaches to clinical documentation using natural language processing and summarization methods. Materials and Methods This is an observational study in Australian general practice involving 31 consultations with 4 primary care physicians. Consultations were audio-recorded, and computer interactions were recorded using screen capture. Physical interactions in consultation rooms were noted by observers. Brief interviews were conducted after consultations. Conversational transcripts were analyzed to identify different activities and their speech content as well as verbal cues signaling activity transitions. An activity transition analysis was then undertaken to generate a network of activities and transitions. Results Observed activity classes followed those described in well-known primary care consultation models. Activities were often fragmented across consultations, did not flow necessarily in a defined order, and the flow between activities was nonlinear. Modeling activities as a network revealed that discussing a patient’s present complaint was the most central activity and was highly connected to medical history taking, physical examination, and assessment, forming a highly interrelated bundle. Family history, allergy, and investigation discussions were less connected suggesting less dependency on other activities. Clear verbal signs were often identifiable at transitions between activities. Discussion Primary care consultations do not appear to follow a classic linear model of defined information seeking activities; rather, they are fragmented, highly interdependent, and can be reactively triggered. Conclusion The nonlinearity of activities has significant implications for the design of automated information capture. Whereas dictation systems generate literal translation of speech into text, speech-based clinical summary systems will need to link disparate information fragments, merge their content, and abstract coherent information summaries.
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Nadeem, Amir, Ahmad Jalal, and Kibum Kim. "Accurate Physical Activity Recognition using Multidimensional Features and Markov Model for Smart Health Fitness." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (October 24, 2020): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111766.
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Recent developments in sensor technologies enable physical activity recognition (PAR) as an essential tool for smart health monitoring and for fitness exercises. For efficient PAR, model representation and training are significant factors contributing to the ultimate success of recognition systems because model representation and accurate detection of body parts and physical activities cannot be distinguished if the system is not well trained. This paper provides a unified framework that explores multidimensional features with the help of a fusion of body part models and quadratic discriminant analysis which uses these features for markerless human pose estimation. Multilevel features are extracted as displacement parameters to work as spatiotemporal properties. These properties represent the respective positions of the body parts with respect to time. Finally, these features are processed by a maximum entropy Markov model as a recognition engine based on transition and emission probability values. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model produces more accurate results compared to the state-of-the-art methods for both body part detection and for physical activity recognition. The accuracy of the proposed method for body part detection is 90.91% on a University of Central Florida’s (UCF) sports action dataset and, for activity recognition on a UCF YouTube action dataset and an IM-DailyRGBEvents dataset, accuracy is 89.09% and 88.26% respectively.
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Thyfault, John P., and Rikke Krogh-Madsen. "Metabolic disruptions induced by reduced ambulatory activity in free-living humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 4 (October 2011): 1218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00478.2011.
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Physical inactivity likely plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and obesity; however, direct evidence is minimal and mechanisms of action remain unknown. Studying metabolic outcomes that occur after transitioning from higher to lower levels of physical activity is the best tool to answer these questions. Previous studies have successfully used more extreme models of inactivity, including bed rest, or the cessation of exercise in highly trained endurance athletes, to provide novel findings. However, these models do not accurately reflect the type of inactivity experienced by a large majority of the population. Recent studies have used a more applicable model in which active (∼10,000 steps/day), healthy young controls are asked to transition to an inactive lifestyle (∼1,500 steps/day) for a 14-day period. The transition to inactivity resulted in reduced insulin sensitivity and increased central adiposity. This review will discuss the outcomes of these studies, their implications for the cause/effect relationship between central adiposity and insulin resistance, and provide rationale for why inactivity induces these factors. In addition, the experimental challenges of directly linking acute responses to inactivity to chronic disease will also be discussed.
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Rind, Esther, and Andy Jones. "Declining Physical Activity and the Socio-Cultural Context of the Geography of Industrial Restructuring: A Novel Conceptual Framework." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 4 (May 2014): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0173.
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Background:At the population level, the prevalence of physical activity has declined considerably in many developed countries in recent decades. There is some evidence that areas exhibiting the lowest activity levels are those which have undergone a particularly strong transition away from employment in physically demanding occupations. We propose that processes of deindustrialization may be causally linked to unexplained geographical disparities in levels of physical activity. While the sociocultural correlates of physical activity have been well studied, and prior conceptual frameworks have been developed to explain more general patterns of activity, none have explicitly attempted to identify the components of industrial change that may impact physical activity.Methods:In this work we review the current literature on sociocultural correlates of health behaviors before using a case study centered on the United Kingdom to present a novel framework that links industrial change to declining levels of physical activity.Results:We developed a comprehensive model linking sociocultural correlates of physical activity to processes associated with industrial restructuring and discuss implication for policy and practice.Conclusions:A better understanding of sociocultural processes may help to ameliorate adverse health consequences of employment decline in communities that have experienced substantial losses of manual employment.
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Guérin, Eva, Alyssa Biagé, Gary Goldfield, and Denis Prud’homme. "Physical activity and perceptions of stress during the menopause transition: A longitudinal study." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 6 (January 5, 2017): 799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316683787.
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The transition to menopause is a critical period of significant biopsychosocial change. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the transition to menopause and volume of physical activity on levels of perceived stress over five years in 102 healthy middle-aged women. Questionnaire and accelerometer data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Adjusting for age and body mass index, there were no significant effects of menopause status or time on perceived stress. Independent of menopause status, minutes per week of vigorous activity was associated with lower perceived stress in years 1 and 2 of the study.
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Strozza, Cosmo, Virginia Zarulli, and Viviana Egidi. "Understanding Health Deterioration and the Dynamic Relationship between Physical Ability and Cognition among a Cohort of Danish Nonagenarians." Journal of Aging Research 2020 (June 3, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4704305.
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This study aims to determine how demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and lifestyle affect physical and cognitive health transitions among nonagenarians, whether these transitions follow the same patterns, and how each dimension affects the transitions of the other. We applied a multistate model for panel data to 2262 individuals over a 2-year follow-up period from the 1905 Danish Cohort survey. Within two years from baseline, the transition probability from good to bad physical health—ability to stand up from a chair—was higher than dying directly (29% vs. 25%), while this was not observed for cognition (24% vs. 27%) evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination—a score lower than 24 indicates poor cognitive health. Probability of dying either from bad physical or cognitive health condition was 50%. Health transitions were associated with sex, education, living alone, body mass index, and physical activity. Physical and cognitive indicators were associated with deterioration of cognitive and physical status, respectively, and with survivorship from a bad health condition. We conclude that physical and cognitive health deteriorated differently among nonagenarians, even if they were related to similar sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and resulted dynamically related with each other.
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Parvaneh, Saman, Jane Mohler, Nima Toosizadeh, Gurtej Singh Grewal, and Bijan Najafi. "Postural Transitions during Activities of Daily Living Could Identify Frailty Status: Application of Wearable Technology to Identify Frailty during Unsupervised Condition." Gerontology 63, no. 5 (2017): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000460292.
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Background: Impairment of physical function is a major indicator of frailty. Functional performance tests have been shown to be useful for identification of frailty in older adults. However, these tests are often not translatable into unsupervised and remote monitoring of frailty status at home and/or community settings. Objective: In this study, we explored daily postural transition quantified using a chest-worn wearable technology to identify frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Spontaneous daily physical activity was monitored over 24 h in 120 community-dwelling elderly (age: 78 ± 8 years) using an unobtrusive wearable sensor (PAMSys™, BioSensics LLC, Watertown, MA, USA). Participants were classified as non-frail and pre-frail/frail using Fried's criteria. A validated software package was used to identify body postures and postural transition between each independent postural activity such as sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit, stand-to-walk, and walk-to-stand. The transition from walking to sitting was further classified as quick sitting and cautious sitting based on presence/absence of a standing posture pause between sitting and walking. A general linear model univariate test was used for between-group comparison. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the association between sensor-derived parameters and age. Logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of frailty. Results: According to Fried's criteria, 63% of participants were pre-frail/frail. The total number of postural transitions, stand-to-walk, and walk-to-stand were, respectively, 25.2, 30.2, and 30.6% lower in the pre-frail/frail group when compared to the non-frail group (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.73-0.79). Furthermore, the ratio of cautious sitting was significantly higher by 6.2% in pre-frail/frail compared to non-frail (p = 0.025, Cohen's d = 0.22). Total number of postural transitions and the ratio of cautious sitting also showed significant negative and positive correlations with age, respectively (r = -0.51 and 0.29, p < 0.05). After applying a logistic regression model, among tested parameters, walk-to-stand (odds ratio [OR] = 0.997 p = 0.013), quick sitting (OR = 1.036, p = 0.05), and age (OR = 1.073, p = 0.016) were recognized as independent variables to identify frailty status. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that daily number of specific postural transitions such as walk-to-stand and quick sitting could be used for monitoring frailty status by unsupervised monitoring of daily physical activity. Further study is warranted to explore whether tracking the daily number of specific postural transitions is also sensitive to track change in the status of frailty over time.
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Zhu, Xihe, Justin A. Haegele, Yan Tang, and Xueping Wu. "Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors of Urban Chinese Children: Grade Level Prevalence and Academic Burden Associations." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7540147.
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The objectives of this study were (a) to report grade level prevalence in physical activity and sedentary behaviors and (b) to examine academic burden associations with these behaviors. School-aged children (n = 48,118) reported their physical activity, perception of physical activity sufficiency, factors for activity insufficiency, homework hours, and screen time in a typical week. Data were analyzed using general linear models and logistic regression models of Complex Samples. Prevalence results showed that children had lower physical activity and lower screen viewing time, but higher homework time during transition grades (6th, 9th, and 12th) and high school years. Academic burden was cited as the primary reason for not having sufficient physical activity (76.6%). Compared to those citing academic burden, students who did not report academic burden were significantly more likely to meet physical activity guidelines (Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.38, 95% CI = 4.74–6.11), but less likely to meet screen time guidelines (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.72–0.84), controlling for body mass index, gender, and grade level. Additionally, children who reported academic burdens had significantly longer average daily homework time than those who did not (p<0.01). Policy makers should promote physical activity and help children find a balance between homework and physical activity time particularly among the educational transition grades.
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Lambert, E., T. Kolbe-Alexander, C. Draper, N. Levitt, S. Naidoo, E. Tshabangu, W. Smit, and R. Dover. "The ‘choice transition’ in relation to physical activity behavior: Need for a new model from the Global South perspective." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (December 2012): S266—S267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.645.
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Tabacu, Lucia, Mark Ledbetter, Andrew Leroux, Ciprian Crainiceanu, and Ekaterina Smirnova. "Quantifying the Varying Predictive Value of Physical Activity Measures Obtained from Wearable Accelerometers on All-Cause Mortality over Short to Medium Time Horizons in NHANES 2003–2006." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010004.
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Physical activity measures derived from wearable accelerometers have been shown to be highly predictive of all-cause mortality. Prediction models based on traditional risk factors and accelerometry-derived physical activity measures are developed for five time horizons. The data set contains 2978 study participants between 50 and 85 years old with an average of 13.08 years of follow-up in the NHANES 2003–2004 and 2005–2006. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fit separately for five datasets for one- to five-year all-cause mortality as outcome (number of events 46, 94, 155, 218, and 297, respectively). In univariate models the total activity count (TAC) was ranked first in all five horizons (AUC between 0.831 and 0.774) while the active to sedentary transition probability (ASTP) was ranked second for one- to four-year mortality models and fourth for the five-year all-cause mortality model (AUC between 0.825 and 0.735). In multivariate models age and ASTP were significant in all one- to five-year all-cause mortality prediction models. Physical activity measures are consistently among the top predictors, even after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle variables. Physical activity measures are strong stand-alone predictors and substantially improve the prediction performance of models based on traditional risk factors.
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Morrison, Megan, and Lai-Sang Young. "Chaotic heteroclinic networks as models of switching behavior in biological systems." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 12 (December 2022): 123102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122184.
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Key features of biological activity can often be captured by transitions between a finite number of semi-stable states that correspond to behaviors or decisions. We present here a broad class of dynamical systems that are ideal for modeling such activity. The models we propose are chaotic heteroclinic networks with nontrivial intersections of stable and unstable manifolds. Due to the sensitive dependence on initial conditions, transitions between states are seemingly random. Dwell times, exit distributions, and other transition statistics can be built into the model through geometric design and can be controlled by tunable parameters. To test our model’s ability to simulate realistic biological phenomena, we turned to one of the most studied organisms, C. elegans, well known for its limited behavioral states. We reconstructed experimental data from two laboratories, demonstrating the model’s ability to quantitatively reproduce dwell times and transition statistics under a variety of conditions. Stochastic switching between dominant states in complex dynamical systems has been extensively studied and is often modeled as Markov chains. As an alternative, we propose here a new paradigm, namely, chaotic heteroclinic networks generated by deterministic rules (without the necessity for noise). Chaotic heteroclinic networks can be used to model systems with arbitrary architecture and size without a commensurate increase in phase dimension. They are highly flexible and able to capture a wide range of transition characteristics that can be adjusted through control parameters.
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Li, Yunlei, Yanjie Zhang, Panfeng Wu, Caiting Feng, and Ganglin Xue. "Catalytic Oxidative/Extractive Desulfurization of Model Oil using Transition Metal Substituted Phosphomolybdates-Based Ionic Liquids." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (December 8, 2018): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120639.
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Polyoxometalates based ionic liquids (POM-ILs) exhibit a high catalytic activity in oxidative desulfurization. In this paper, four new POM-IL hybrids based on transition metal mono-substituted Keggin-type phosphomolybdates, [Bmim]5[PMo11M(H2O)O39] (Bmim = 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium; M = Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+), have been synthesized and used as catalysts for the oxidation/extractive desulfurization of model oil, in which ILs are used as the extraction solvent and H2O2 as an oxidant under very mild conditions. The factors that affected the desulfurization efficiency were studied and the optimal reaction conditions were obtained. The results showed that the [Bmim]5[PMo11Co(H2O)O39] catalyst demonstrated the best catalytic activity, with sulfur-removal of 99.8%, 85%, and 63% for dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), and benzothiophene (BT), respectively, in the case of extraction combining with a oxidative desulfurization system under optimal reaction conditions (5 mL model oil (S content 500 ppm), n(catalyst) = 4 μmol, n(H2O2)/n(Substrate) = 5, T = 50 °C for 60 min with [Omim]BF4 (1 mL) as the extractant). The catalyst can be recycled at least 8 times, and still has stability and high catalytic activity for consecutive desulfurization. Probable reaction mechanisms have been proposed for catalytic oxidative/extractive desulfurization.
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Haghi, Mostafa, Arman Ershadi, and Thomas M. Deserno. "Recognizing Human Activity of Daily Living Using a Flexible Wearable for 3D Spine Pose Tracking." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 12, 2023): 2066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042066.
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The World Health Organization recognizes physical activity as an influencing domain on quality of life. Monitoring, evaluating, and supervising it by wearable devices can contribute to the early detection and progress assessment of diseases such as Alzheimer’s, rehabilitation, and exercises in telehealth, as well as abrupt events such as a fall. In this work, we use a non-invasive and non-intrusive flexible wearable device for 3D spine pose measurement to monitor and classify physical activity. We develop a comprehensive protocol that consists of 10 indoor, 4 outdoor, and 8 transition states activities in three categories of static, dynamic, and transition in order to evaluate the applicability of the flexible wearable device in human activity recognition. We implement and compare the performance of three neural networks: long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural network (CNN), and a hybrid model (CNN-LSTM). For ground truth, we use an accelerometer and strips data. LSTM reached an overall classification accuracy of 98% for all activities. The CNN model with accelerometer data delivered better performance in lying down (100%), static (standing = 82%, sitting = 75%), and dynamic (walking = 100%, running = 100%) positions. Data fusion improved the outputs in standing (92%) and sitting (94%), while LSTM with the strips data yielded a better performance in bending-related activities (bending forward = 49%, bending backward = 88%, bending right = 92%, and bending left = 100%), the combination of data fusion and principle components analysis further strengthened the output (bending forward = 100%, bending backward = 89%, bending right = 100%, and bending left = 100%). Moreover, the LSTM model detected the first transition state that is similar to fall with the accuracy of 84%. The results show that the wearable device can be used in a daily routine for activity monitoring, recognition, and exercise supervision, but still needs further improvement for fall detection.
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Barbosa, Miguel, Orfeu Bertolami, and Frederico Francisco. "Towards a physically motivated planetary accounting framework." Anthropocene Review 7, no. 3 (May 5, 2020): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019620909659.
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In this work, we present a physically motivated Planetary Accounting Framework for the Earth System. We show that the impact of the human activity in terms of the planetary boundary variables can be accounted for in our Landau–Ginzburg phase transition physical formulation. We then use the interaction between climate change and ocean acidification mechanisms to exemplify the relation of the concentration and flux of substances of the planetary boundary variables, as proposed by the accounting framework of Meyer and Newman, with the underlying thermodynamic transformation, quantifiable by the Landau–Ginzburg inspired model.
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Guioth, Jules, and Robert L. Jack. "Dynamical phase transition in the activity-biased fully-connected random field Ising model: connection with glass-forming systems." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2021, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 103206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac2895.
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Abstract We analyse biased ensembles of trajectories for the random-field Ising model on a fully-connected lattice, which is described exactly by mean-field theory. By coupling the activity of the system to a dynamical biasing field, we find a range of dynamical phase transitions, including spontaneous symmetry breaking into ordered states. For weak bias, the phase behaviour is controlled by extrema of the free energy, which may be local minima or saddle points. For large bias, the system tends to states of extremal activity, which may differ strongly from free energy minima. We discuss connections of these results to random first-order transition theory of glasses, which motivates an extension of the analysis to random-field Ising models where the dynamical activity is not symmetric under magnetisation reversal.
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Wu, Jinhao. "Exploring the Mechanism Analysis of Men’s Retirement and Physical Activity Participation Based on the IV-Probit Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 20, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7409857.
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The issue of population aging is of great concern to all countries in the world, and China is one of the countries with more serious population aging. Under the situation of increasingly serious population aging, we should pay more attention to the life of the elderly after retirement. Paying attention to the health behavior and living conditions of the elderly population will contribute to the process of successful aging. Retirement is a critical point, and the transition period will have different effects on the health of the retired population, with some literature suggesting negative effects on the health of individuals after retirement, and others suggesting positive effects on health. Retirement has caused a lifestyle change in older adults, and few studies have addressed the impact of retirement on individuals’ choices of specific healthy lifestyles, particularly the impact of retirement on physical activity participation. In this study, we used data from the 2015, 2017, and 2018 China Social Tracking Survey (CGSS) to explore the effect of retirement on individual male physical activity participation using the sample size of retired male individuals from the three data periods and using the IV-Probit model. The results showed that retirement had a significant positive effect on individual men’s physical activity participation. In terms of the influence mechanism, physical health, psychological health, active learning during leisure time, and Internet use of retired individuals may be the main reasons for increasing physical activity participation. It provides a channel for China to encourage and support older adults to expand their physical exercise participation after retirement and improve their physical and mental health and to promote the shift of older adults’ postretirement lifestyle toward an active and healthy lifestyle.
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Oliveira, Andreia, Carla Lopes, Duarte Torres, Elisabete Ramos, and Milton Severo. "Application of a Latent Transition Model to Estimate the Usual Prevalence of Dietary Patterns." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010133.
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Background: This study aims to derive habitual dietary patterns of the Portuguese adult population by applying two methodological approaches: a latent class model and a latent transition model. The novel application of the latent transition model allows us to determine the day-to-day variability of diet and to calculate the usual prevalence of dietary patterns. Methods: Participants are from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese population, 2015–2016 (2029 women; 1820 men, aged ≥18 years). Diet was collected by two 24 h dietary recalls (8–15 days apart). Dietary patterns were derived by: (1) a latent class model using the arithmetic mean of food weigh intake, with concomitant variables (age and sex); (2) a latent transition model allowing the transition from one pattern to another, with the same concomitant variables. Results: Six dietary patterns were identified by a latent class model. By using a latent transition model, three dietary patterns were identified: “In-transition to Western” (higher red meat and alcohol intake; followed by middle-aged men), “Western” (higher meats/eggs and energy-dense foods intake; followed by younger men), and “Traditional-Healthier” (higher intake of fruit, vegetables and fish, characteristic of older women). Most individuals followed the same pattern on both days, but around 26% transited between “In-transition to Western” and “Western”. The prevalence of the dietary patterns using a single recall day (40%, 27%, 33%, respectively) is different from the usual prevalence obtained by the latent transition probabilities (48%, 36%, 16%). Conclusion: Three dietary patterns, largely dependent on age and sex, were identified for the Portuguese adult population: “In-transition to Western” (48%), “Western” (36%), and “Traditional-Healthier” (16%), but 26% were transient between patterns. Dietary patterns are, in general, deviating from traditional habits.
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Santa Mina, D., C. M. Sabiston, D. Au, A. J. Fong, L. C. Capozzi, D. Langelier, M. Chasen, et al. "Connecting people with cancer to physical activity and exercise programs: a pathway to create accessibility and engagement." Current Oncology 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.25.3977.
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Recent guidelines concerning exercise for people with cancer provide evidence-based direction for exercise assessment and prescription for clinicians and their patients. Although the guidelines promote exercise integration into clinical care for people with cancer, they do not support strategies for bridging the guidelines with related resources or programs. Exercise program accessibility remains a challenge in implementing the guidelines, but that challenge might be mitigated with conceptual frameworks (“pathways”) that connect patients with exercise-related resources. In the present paper, we describe a pathway model and related resources that were developed by an expert panel of practitioners and researchers in the field of exercise and rehabilitation in oncology and that support the transition from health care practitioner to exercise programs or services for people with cancer. The model acknowledges the nuanced distinctions between research and exercise programming, as well as physical activity promotion, that, depending on the available programming in the local community or region, might influence practitioner use. Furthermore, the pathway identifies and provides examples of processes for referral, screening, medical clearance, and programming for people after a cancer diagnosis. The pathway supports the implementation of exercise guidelines and should serve as a model of enhanced care delivery to increase the health and well-being of people with cancer.
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Silva-Smith, Amy. "THE FIT OF THE HAPA MODEL TO THE EXPERIENCE OF EXERCISING AFTER STROKE: A DEDUCTIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2463.
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Abstract Sustained physical activity is recommended for secondary stroke prevention. Persons with stroke leave rehabilitation having learned exercises to reduce disability. However, once discharged, people may be on their own to navigate psychological, emotional, social, and physical challenges of maintaining those activities and starting new ones. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) provides a framework for understanding how self-efficacy differs depending on where a person is in the process of engaging in physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the qualitative fit of the HAPA model to the experience of exercise after discharge from formal stroke rehabilitation using a deductive (directed) content analysis approach. Interviews with 12 stroke survivors were analyzed deductively using the HAPA model concepts task self-efficacy, coping self-efficacy, and recovery self-efficacy to create the analysis matrix. In this sample, a period of psychological adjustment interfered with maintaining exercise and included anxiety, depression, embarrassment, and fear of falling that affected motivation and intention to exercise. Experiences with physical activity and exercise as a child and routines prior to the stroke were factors influencing task, coping, and recovery self-efficacy and ease of dealing with interruptions in exercise, including the discharge from formal rehabilitation. The findings support the qualitative fit of the HAPA model with the experience of exercise after having a stroke. A HAPA model framed intervention is being developed to support the transition from formal rehabilitation support to living in the community.
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Huang, Ping, Li Zhu, Qi Wu, and Weishu Hu. "Safety Influencing Factors and Management Countermeasures of Patients Transferred from ICU in Transition Period Based on Intelligent Processor Three-Dimensional Quality Model." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (January 25, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1455830.
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With the development of science and technology of the times, the level of medical care is constantly improving. For patients transferred from ICU, the intelligent processor 3D quality model technology has gradually played an important role in clinical treatment and has become a new type of attention. In order to understand the implementation status of transitional care and the feelings of transitional care for patients transferred from ICU and understand the views of transitional care-related department doctors on transitional patient care and the role that the intelligent processor three-dimensional quality model can play, this article passed a review of the city ICU transferred patients from a hospital that conducted related investigations, reviewed related literature, conducted interviews with professionals, etc., collected relevant information, constructed case templates, and created a clinical research model using comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study found that, after treatment, patients transferred from the ICU based on the intelligent processor’s three-dimensional quality model have higher physical activity than patients treated by other methods, the ratio is more than 20%, and the postoperative recovery efficiency of patients is higher than 15% and more. This shows that the three-dimensional quality model based on the intelligent processor can improve the important role in the transition period of patients transferred from ICU.
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Ylitalo, Kelly R., Wendy Cox, Raejone Lucas, Jordan Smith, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Matthew Rafalski, John Gill, and Brock Niceler. "Telephone-based support for physical activity: Results and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): e0268429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268429.
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Physical activity is essential to maintain physical and mental well-being. During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person physical activity opportunities were limited. This paper describes a telephone-based physical activity support strategy among racially/ethnically diverse patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adult patients at a large, Federally Qualified Health Center with an on-site exercise facility referral were eligible to transition to telephone support with personal fitness advisors during the pandemic stay-at-home orders. Baseline surveys assessed physical activity and environmental characteristics; follow-up phone calls used motivational interviewing and physical activity goal setting strategies. From March 23-July 23, 2020, 72 patients participated in 270 phone calls, or 3.8 (±2.1) calls per participant. Participants were, on average, aged 51.3 (±11.6) years, 87.5% female, 31.9% Hispanic/Latino, and 47.2% non-Hispanic Black. Patients meeting physical activity guidelines pre-pandemic reported more planned exercise (100.0% vs. 55.3%; p<0.001), exercise days at home (5.0 vs. 1.7; p<0.001), and accomplishment of personal physical activity goals (57.0% vs. 39.7%; p = 0.11) than patients not meeting guidelines pre-pandemic. Patients with a home treadmill participated in twice the rate of calls compared to those without (RR = 2.22; 95%CI:1.35,3.64), but no other home environmental characteristics predicted participation rate. Pre-pandemic physical activity behavior appeared to predict pandemic physical activity and telephone-based physical activity support was effective for maintaining physical activity for some participants. Long term applications of this work will support continuity of clinic-community partnerships for health behavior change and provide a model for patient physical activity support by community health centers without on-site exercise facilities.
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Nan, Yashi, Nigel H. Lovell, Stephen J. Redmond, Kejia Wang, Kim Delbaere, and Kimberley S. van Schooten. "Deep Learning for Activity Recognition in Older People Using a Pocket-Worn Smartphone." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 7195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247195.
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Activity recognition can provide useful information about an older individual’s activity level and encourage older people to become more active to live longer in good health. This study aimed to develop an activity recognition algorithm for smartphone accelerometry data of older people. Deep learning algorithms, including convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), were evaluated in this study. Smartphone accelerometry data of free-living activities, performed by 53 older people (83.8 ± 3.8 years; 38 male) under standardized circumstances, were classified into lying, sitting, standing, transition, walking, walking upstairs, and walking downstairs. A 1D CNN, a multichannel CNN, a CNN-LSTM, and a multichannel CNN-LSTM model were tested. The models were compared on accuracy and computational efficiency. Results show that the multichannel CNN-LSTM model achieved the best classification results, with an 81.1% accuracy and an acceptable model and time complexity. Specifically, the accuracy was 67.0% for lying, 70.7% for sitting, 88.4% for standing, 78.2% for transitions, 88.7% for walking, 65.7% for walking downstairs, and 68.7% for walking upstairs. The findings indicated that the multichannel CNN-LSTM model was feasible for smartphone-based activity recognition in older people.
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Laye, Matthew J., R. Scott Rector, Sarah J. Borengasser, Scott P. Naples, Grace M. Uptergrove, Jamal A. Ibdah, Frank W. Booth, and John P. Thyfault. "Cessation of daily wheel running differentially alters fat oxidation capacity in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 1 (January 2009): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91186.2008.
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Physical inactivity is associated with the increased risk of developing chronic metabolic diseases. To understand early alterations caused by physical inactivity, we utilize an animal model in which rats are transitioned from daily voluntary wheel running to a sedentary condition. In the hours and days following this transition, adipose tissue mass rapidly increases, due in part to increased lipogenesis. However, whether a concurrent decrease in fatty acid oxidative capacity (FAO) in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue occurs during this period is unknown. Following 6 wk of access to voluntary running wheels (average distance of ∼6 km a night), rats were rapidly transitioned to a sedentary state by locking the wheels for 5 h (WL5) or 173 h (WL173). Complete ([14C]palmitate oxidation to 14CO2) and incomplete ([14C]palmitate oxidation to 14C-labeled acid soluble metabolites) was determined in isolated mitochondrial and whole homogenate preparations from skeletal muscle and liver and in isolated adipocytes. Strikingly, the elevated complete FAO in the red gastrocnemius at WL5 fell to that of rats that never ran (SED) by WL173. In contrast, hepatic FAO was elevated at WL173 above both WL5 and SED groups, while in isolated adipocytes, FAO remained higher in both running groups (WL5 and WL173) compared with the SED group. The alterations in muscle and liver fat oxidation were associated with changes in carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 activity and inhibition, but not significant changes in other mitochondrial enzyme activities. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α mRNA levels that were higher in both skeletal muscle and liver at WL5 fell to SED levels at WL173. This study is the first to demonstrate that the transition from high to low daily physical activity causes rapid, tissue-specific changes in FAO.
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Delisle, Hélène, Gervais Ntandou-Bouzitou, Victoire Agueh, Roger Sodjinou, and Benjamin Fayomi. "Urbanisation, nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk: the Benin study." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 10 (November 25, 2011): 1534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511004661.
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A rising prevalence of CVD and diabetes has been observed in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in cities. The aim of the present study conducted in Benin was to examine the mediating role of nutrition transition in the relationship of urbanisation level and socio-economic status (SES) to cardiometabolic risk markers. A total of 541 subjects in apparent good health were randomly selected from the main city of Cotonou, a small town and its surrounding rural areas. SES was assessed based on a proxy for income and on education. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed with at least two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Scores for micronutrient adequacy and preventive diet were used as indicators of diet quality. Cardiometabolic risk markers were BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum cholesterol and insulin resistance according to homeostasis model assessment. A more advanced stage of nutrition transition, which correlated with lower diet quality scores and less physical activity, was observed in the large city compared with less urbanised locations. More obesity and more adverse cholesterol profiles, but also lower blood pressure, were present in the large city. Urbanisation, income, sedentary lifestyle and alcohol consumption, but not diet quality, independently contributed to higher BMI and WC. Higher micronutrient adequacy was independently associated with a better cholesterol profile. The study confirmed the positive rural–urban gradient in nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk, except for blood pressure. This risk could be mitigated by a more adequate diet, particularly micronutrient intake, and a more active lifestyle.
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Kozak, E. P., P. D. Plakhtiy, M. V. Huycka, B. D. Zubrytskyi, and A. P. Denysovets. "The future teacher of physical culture as a subject of forming the health-saving educational environment." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 9(140) (September 30, 2021): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.9(140).15.
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The article presents the results of research the problem of educational environment in the system of professional education according to the basic criteria of successful learning and health. The set of algorithms of activity have been formed, which focus on special training of future specialists in physical culture to create a healthy educational environment. They concerns modern conditions of transition to the competence system of education, format of blended learning, taking into account features of distance forms of educational activity.
In the context of the competence model of education (full-time or distance), the educational environment is interpreted as an interconnected interactive activity of the teacher and students, a kind of counter movement to ensure its healthy potential. There were determined he bases of semantic and technological reorientation of the system of professional training of the future teacher of physical culture according to the standards of competence education, system of competences which must be owned by a specialist.
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Dik, O. E. "Mechanisms of Transition from the Rhythmic to Bursting Activity in the Nociceptive Neuron Model." Technical Physics 65, no. 3 (March 2020): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784220030056.
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Yoneda, Tomiko, Jonathan Rush, Nathan A. Lewis, Jamie E. Knight, Jinshil Hyun, Andrea Piccinin, and Graciela Muniz Terrera. "THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR TRANSITIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE STATES: A COORDINATED ANALYSIS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3323.
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Abstract Although existing research shows that physical activity (PA) protects against cognitive decline, it is unclear if maintenance of PA throughout older adulthood influences the timing of onset or transitions through cognitive states. Further understanding of modifiable lifestyle factors that protect against cognitive changes characteristic of both normal aging and pathological aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, is imperative. Data were drawn from fourteen longitudinal studies of aging from Europe and America (total N=53,069). Controlling for demographics and chronic conditions, multi-state models were independently fit between datasets to investigate the impact of PA (computed based on Metabolic Equivalent of Task Method) on the likelihood of transitioning through three cognitive states, while also accounting for death as a competing risk factor. Random effects meta-analysis of transition probabilities indicated that more PA was associated with a reduced risk of transitioning from normal cognition to mildly impaired cognition (HR=0.90, CI’s=0.84, 0.97, p=0.007) and death (HR=0.24, CI’s=0.06, 0.92, p=0.04), as well as an increased likelihood of transitioning from severe impairment back to mild impairment (HR=1.09, CI’s=1.01, 1.17, p=0.03). Engagement in national minimum recommendations for PA (~150 minutes/week) increased total life expectancy for 70 year old males and females by 4.08 and 5.47 years, respectively. These results suggest that engaging in at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week in older adulthood contributes to delays in onset of mild cognitive impairment, substantially increases life expectancy, and may also diminish the symptoms that contribute to poor cognitive performance at the severely impaired stage.
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Britton, Una, Johann Issartel, Jennifer Symonds, and Sarahjane Belton. "What Keeps Them Physically Active? Predicting Physical Activity, Motor Competence, Health-Related Fitness, and Perceived Competence in Irish Adolescents after the Transition from Primary to Second-Level School." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082874.
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Physical activity (PA) decreases with age. The school transition is noted for significant changes in PA behaviour. Motor competence (MC), health-related fitness (HRF), and perceived competence (PC) are generally positively associated with PA. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal cross-lagged relationships between PA, MC, HRF, and PC across the school transition from final year of primary school to first year of second-level school in Irish youth. PA (accelerometery), object-control and locomotor MC (TGMD-III), PC (perceived athletic competence subscale of the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents), and HRF (20 m shuttle run, horizontal jump, vertical jump, push-ups, curl-ups) were measured in final year of primary school (6th class) and first year of second-level school (1st year). In the sixth class, 261 participants (53% female; mean age 12.22 ± 0.48 years) were tested. In first year, 291 participants (48% female; mean age: 13.20 ± 0.39 years) were tested. In total, 220 participants were involved in the study at both timepoints. Cross-lagged regression in AMOS23, using full information maximum likelihood estimation, was conducted to test reciprocal and predictive pathways between variables. The full cross-lagged model showed acceptable fit (χ2 = 69.12, df = 8, p < 0.01, NFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94). HRF was the strongest predictor of future PA (β = 0.353), and also predicted PC (β = 0.336) and MC (β = 0.163). Object-control MC predicted future PA (β = 0.192). Reciprocal relationships existed between object-control MC and PA, and between object-control MC and PC. HRF was the strongest predictor of PA. Object-control MC also predicted PA. PA promotion strategies should target the development of HRF and object-control MC in primary school to reduce the decline in PA frequently observed after the school transition.
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Gómez-Mazorra, Mabel, Tomás Reyes-Amigo, Hernán Gilberto Tovar Torres, David Sánchez-Oliva, and Antonio Labisa-Palmeira. "Actividad física en tiempo libre en estudiantes universitarios y transición escolar a la universidad desde las teorías de comportamiento: una revisión sistemática (Leisure-time in physical activity in university students and school transition to universi." Retos 43 (August 27, 2021): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.89693.
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Introducción: Cambios en las conductas o adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables están presentes con la evolución de la edad y la modificación de entornos educativos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo identificar la evidencia científica existente en torno al comportamiento hacia la actividad física en tiempo libre y la evolución de la intención de ser físicamente activo durante la transición escolar a la universidad en estudiantes universitarios desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, la Teoría de Comportamiento Planeado y el Modelo Trans-Contextual. Método: 472 artículos originales en SPORTDiscus y búsqueda manual, hasta junio del 2019, de los cuales 54 estudios cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La Teoría de la Autodeterminación fue la más implementada en los estudios seleccionados. Resultados: La combinación de teorías ha ampliado la posibilidad de analizar el comportamiento hacia la actividad física desde otros constructos. Conclusiones: Asociaciones significativas y positivas entre el apoyo social, la satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación autodeterminada, favorecen la intención y la práctica real de la actividad física, si se aminoran las barreras percibidas y se tiene en cuenta las diferencias de género y de contexto; los procesos de transición escolar favorecen la adherencia hacia un estilo de vida activo, si se cuenta con experiencias positivas percibidas en la clase de educación física, la actividad física extraescolar y la actividad física promovida en el entorno universitario.
Abstract. Introduction: Changes in behaviors or adoption of unhealthy lifestyles are present with the evolution of age and the modification of educational environments. This review aims to identify the existing scientific evidence around the behavior toward physical activity in leisure time and the evolution of the intention to be physically active during the school transition to university in university students from the Theory of Self-determination, the Theory of Behavior Planned and the Trans-Contextual Model. Method: 472 original articles in SPORTDiscus and manual search, up to June 2019, of which 54 studies met inclusion criteria. Results: The Self-determination Theory was the most widely implemented in the selected studies. The combination of theories has expanded the possibility of analyzing behavior towards physical activity from other constructs. Conclusions: Significant and positive associations between social support, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation, favor the intention and actual practice of physical activity, if perceived barriers are reduced and gender and context differences are taken into account; School transition processes favor adherence to an active lifestyle, if there are positive experiences perceived in physical education class, extracurricular physical activity and physical activity promoted in the university environment.
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Kim, Dong-Il, Ju-Hak Lee, Irully Jeong, Taeeung Kim, Muncheong Choi, and Seung-Soo Baek. "Development of a model of rehabilitation exercise and sports service delivery system for health promotion of people with disabilities." Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 19, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.2244502.251.
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People with disabilities (PWD) suffer from chronic diseases and other problems due to their low physical activity compared to people without disabilities. Physical activity and exercise can prevent chronic diseases and improve health management. However, PWD do not receive proper rehabilitation exercise and sports services immediately after dicharge from hospitals. An effective model of rehabilitation exercise and sports service delivery system has not been established in Korea. This study aimed to present such a model for health promotion, which enables PWD to participate in exercise regularly in local communities. The model is presented by dividing it into sides of consumers and suppliers by analyzing domestic and foreign rehabilitation and sports service systems and expert meetings. The system presented in this study can help promote returning to normal social life and transition into sports in daily life for PWD. In addition, it is expected to positively affect local communities through training instructors in rehabilitation exercise and sports; it can serve as a bridge between rehabilitation in medical institutes and sports in daily life.
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Schnurr, Theresia M., Emil Jørsboe, Alexandra Chadt, Inger K. Dahl-Petersen, Jonas M. Kristensen, Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Christian Springer, et al. "Physical activity attenuates postprandial hyperglycaemia in homozygous TBC1D4 loss-of-function mutation carriers." Diabetologia 64, no. 8 (April 29, 2021): 1795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05461-z.
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Abstract Aims/hypothesis The common muscle-specific TBC1D4 p.Arg684Ter loss-of-function variant defines a subtype of non-autoimmune diabetes in Arctic populations. Homozygous carriers are characterised by elevated postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Because 3.8% of the Greenlandic population are homozygous carriers, it is important to explore possibilities for precision medicine. We aimed to investigate whether physical activity attenuates the effect of this variant on 2 h plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose load. Methods In a Greenlandic population cohort (n = 2655), 2 h plasma glucose levels were obtained after an OGTT, physical activity was estimated as physical activity energy expenditure and TBC1D4 genotype was determined. We performed TBC1D4–physical activity interaction analysis, applying a linear mixed model to correct for genetic admixture and relatedness. Results Physical activity was inversely associated with 2 h plasma glucose levels (β[main effect of physical activity] −0.0033 [mmol/l] / [kJ kg−1 day−1], p = 6.5 × 10−5), and significantly more so among homozygous carriers of the TBC1D4 risk variant compared with heterozygous carriers and non-carriers (β[interaction] −0.015 [mmol/l] / [kJ kg−1 day−1], p = 0.0085). The estimated effect size suggests that 1 h of vigorous physical activity per day (compared with resting) reduces 2 h plasma glucose levels by an additional ~0.7 mmol/l in homozygous carriers of the risk variant. Conclusions/interpretation Physical activity improves glucose homeostasis particularly in homozygous TBC1D4 risk variant carriers via a skeletal muscle TBC1 domain family member 4-independent pathway. This provides a rationale to implement physical activity as lifestyle precision medicine in Arctic populations. Data repository The Greenlandic Cardio-Metabochip data for the Inuit Health in Transition study has been deposited at the European Genome-phenome Archive (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ega/dacs/EGAC00001000736) under accession EGAD00010001428. Graphical abstract
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Galy, Olivier, Stéphane Frayon, Marco Goldin, Paul Zongo, Guillaume Wattelez, Sonny Lameta, Alan Quartermain, Jean Marie Fotsing, and Séverine Bouard. "Generational issues in linking family farming production, traditional food in diet, physical activity and obesity in Pacific Islands countries and territories: the case of the Melanesian population on Lifou Island." Open Research Europe 1 (October 11, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13705.2.
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In the Melanesian culture, traditional activities are organized around family farming, although the lifestyle transition taking place over the last several decades has led to imbalances in diet and physical activity, with both leading to obesity. The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to understand the links between family farming (produced, exchanged, sold, and consumed food), diet (focused on produced, hunted, and caught food), physical activity (sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and obesity in Melanesian Lifou Island families (parents and children). Forty families, including 142 adults and children, completed individual food frequency questionnaires, wore tri-axial accelerometers for seven continuous days, and had weight and height measured with a bio-impedance device. A family farming questionnaire was conducted at the household level concerning family farming practices and sociodemographic variables. Multinomial regression analyses and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results showed that family farming production brings a modest contribution to diet and active lifestyles for the family farmers of Lifou Island. The drivers for obesity in these tribal communities were linked to diet in the adults, whereas parental socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were the main factors associated to being overweight and obesity in children. These differences in lifestyle behaviors within families suggest a transition in cultural practices at the intergenerational level. Future directions should consider seasonality and a more in-depth analysis of diet including macro- and micro- nutrients to acquire more accurate information on the intergenerational transition in cultural practices and its consequences on health outcomes in the Pacific region.
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Galy, Olivier, Stéphane Frayon, Marco Goldin, Paul Zongo, Guillaume Wattelez, Sonny Lameta, Alan Quartermain, Jean Marie Fotsing, and Séverine Bouard. "Generational issues in linking family farming production, traditional food in diet, physical activity and obesity in Pacific Islands countries and territories: the case of the Melanesian population on Lifou Island." Open Research Europe 1 (November 11, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13705.1.
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In the Melanesian culture, traditional activities are organized around family farming, although the lifestyle transition taking place over the last several decades has led to imbalances in diet and physical activity, with both leading to obesity. The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to understand the links between family farming (produced, exchanged, sold, and consumed food), diet (focused on produced, hunted, and caught food), physical activity (sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and obesity in Melanesian Lifou Island families (parents and children). Forty families, including 142 adults and children, completed individual food frequency questionnaires, wore tri-axial accelerometers for seven continuous days, and had weight and height measured with a bio-impedance device. A family farming questionnaire was conducted at the household level concerning family farming practices and sociodemographic variables. Multinomial regression analyses and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results showed that family farming production brings a modest contribution to diet and active lifestyles for the family farmers of Lifou Island. The drivers for obesity in these tribal communities were linked to diet in the adults, whereas parental socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were the main factors associated to being overweight and obesity in children. These differences in lifestyle behaviors within families suggest a transition in cultural practices at the intergenerational level. Future directions should consider seasonality and a more in-depth analysis of diet including macro- and micro- nutrients to acquire more accurate information on the intergenerational transition in cultural practices and its consequences on health outcomes in the Pacific region.
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Cohen, Emmanuel, Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge, Amadou Ndao, Priscilla Duboz, Enguerran Macia, Lamine Gueye, Gilles Boëtsch, Patrick Pasquet, Michelle Holdsworth, and Nicole Chapuis-Lucciani. "Biocultural determinants of overweight and obesity in the context of nutrition transition in Senegal: a holistic anthropological approach." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932018000287.
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AbstractSenegal is experiencing a rising obesity epidemic, due to the nutrition transition occurring in most African countries, and driven by sedentary behaviour and high-calorie dietary intake. In addition, the anthropological local drivers of the social valorization of processed high-calorie food and large body sizes could expose the population to obesity risk. This study aimed to determine the impact of these biocultural factors on the nutritional status of Senegalese adults. A mixed methods approach was used, including qualitative and quantitative studies. Between 2011 and 2013, fourteen focus group discussions (n=84) and a cross-sectional quantitative survey (n=313 women;n=284 men) of adults in three different socio-ecological areas of Senegal (rural:n=204; suburban:n=206; urban:n=187) were conducted. Dietary intake (Dietary Diversity Scores), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), body weight norms (Body Size Scale), weight and health statuses (anthropometric measures and blood pressure) were measured. Middle-aged and older Senegalese women were found to value overweight/obesity more than younger Senegalese in all regions. In addition, young urban/suburban adults had a tendency for daily snacking whilst urban/suburban adults tended to be less physically active and had higher anthropometric means. A binary logistic regression model showed that being female, older, living in urban/suburban areas and valuing larger body size were independently associated with being overweight/obese, but not high-calorie diet. Univariate analyses showed that lower physical activity and higher socioeconomic status were associated with being overweight/obese. Finally, overweight/obesity, which is low in men, is associated with hypertension in the total sample. The nutrition transition is currently underway in Senegal’s urban/suburban areas, with older women being more affected. Since several specific biocultural factors jointly contribute to this phenomenon, the study’s findings suggest the need for local public health interventions that target women and which account for the anthropological specificities of the Senegalese population.
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Brage, Søren, Niels Brage, Paul W. Franks, Ulf Ekelund, Man-Yu Wong, Lars Bo Andersen, Karsten Froberg, and Nicholas J. Wareham. "Branched equation modeling of simultaneous accelerometry and heart rate monitoring improves estimate of directly measured physical activity energy expenditure." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 1 (January 2004): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00703.2003.
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The combination of heart rate (HR) monitoring and movement registration may improve measurement precision of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). Previous attempts have used either regression methods, which do not take full advantage of synchronized data, or have not used movement data quantitatively. The objective of the study was to assess the precision of branched model estimates of PAEE by utilizing either individual calibration (IC) of HR and accelerometry or corresponding mean group calibration (GC) equations. In 12 men (20.6-25.2 kg/m2), IC and GC equations for physical activity intensity (PAI) were derived during treadmill walking and running for both HR (Polar) and hipacceleration [Computer Science and Applications (CSA)]. HR and CSA were recorded minute by minute during 22 h of whole body calorimetry and converted into PAI in four different weightings (P1-4) of the HR vs. the CSA (1-P1-4) relationships: if CSA > x, we used the P1 weighting if HR > y, otherwise P2. Similarly, if CSA ≤ x, we used P3 if HR > z, otherwise P4. PAEE was calculated for a 12.5-h nonsleeping period as the time integral of PAI. A priori, we assumed P1 = 1, P2 = P3 = 0.5, P4 = 0, x = 5 counts/min, y = walking/running transition HR, and z = flex HR. These parameters were also estimated post hoc. Means ± SD estimation errors of a priori models were -4.4 ± 29 and 3.5 ± 20% for IC and GC, respectively. Corresponding post hoc model errors were -1.5 ± 13 and 0.1 ± 9.8%, respectively. All branched models had lower errors ( P ≤ 0.035) than single-measure estimates of CSA (less than or equal to -45%) and HR (≥39%), as well as their nonbranched combination (≥25.7%). In conclusion, combining HR and CSA by branched modeling improves estimates of PAEE. IC may be less crucial with this modeling technique.
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Knight, Rachel L., Melitta A. McNarry, Liba Sheeran, Adam W. Runacres, Rhys Thatcher, James Shelley, and Kelly A. Mackintosh. "Moving Forward: Understanding Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour during COVID-19—An Integrative Review and Socioecological Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 10910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010910.
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Population-level physical activity (PA) and sedentary time/behaviour estimates represent a significant public health issue exacerbated by restrictions enforced to control COVID-19. This integrative review interrogated available literature to explore the pandemic’s impact on correlates of such behaviours in adults (≥18 years). Five electronic databases were systematically searched in January 2021. Data extracted from 64 articles were assessed for risk-of-bias using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool, with correlates identified, coded, and themed via thematic analysis. A socioecological model of during-pandemic PA was conceptualized and mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change mechanisms, which illustrates influences over five levels: Individual (biological)—general health; Individual (psychological)—mental health, cognition, motivation, and behaviour; Social—domestic situation, sociodemographic factors, support, and lifestyle choices; Environmental—resources and area of residence; and Policy—COVID-19-related rules. For sedentary time/behaviour, individual level factors, namely general and mental health, may be important correlates. Neither age or sex were clearly correlated with either behaviour. As we transition into a new normal, understanding which behaviour mechanisms could effectively challenge physical inactivity is essential. Targeting capability on a psychological level may facilitate PA and limit sedentary time/behaviour, whereas, on a physical level, maximizing PA opportunities could be crucial.
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Satia, Jessie A. "Dietary acculturation and the nutrition transition: an overviewThis is one of a selection of papers published in the CSCN–CSNS 2009 Conference, entitled Can we identify culture-specific healthful dietary patterns among diverse populations undergoing nutrition transition?This paper is being published without benefit of author’s corrections." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 35, no. 2 (April 2010): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h10-007.
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This article provides an overview of the phenomena of “dietary acculturation” and the “nutrition transition”. The term dietary acculturation is defined, and a proposed model for how dietary acculturation occurs is presented. Various approaches to assessing dietary acculturation in research studies are discussed, and a research-driven discussion of the possible consequences of dietary acculturation on diet and health is presented. The concept of the nutrition transition and the importance of understanding this phenomenon are presented. Specifically, the term nutrition transition is defined, highlighting characteristic dietary changes, as well as shifts in physical activity and obesity trends. The paradox of continued high rates of malnutrition in developing countries and a new emergence of dietary excess, sedentary behavior, obesity, and other chronic diseases in middle- and upper-class persons in these countries will also be addressed. The article concludes with suggestions for future research in the areas of dietary acculturation and the nutrition transition.
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Leung, Ka-Man, Folake Orekoya, Adrian J. Bailey, Hor-Yan Lai, Ka-Yi Chan, and Ting-Lok Lam. "Health of Youth in Transition in Hong Kong." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 3791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113791.
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This study aimed to examine the impact of individual (level of vigorous physical activity (VPA) and frequency of using sports and recreation facilities), interpersonal (perceived social cohesion (PSC)), and neighborhood environmental (availability of sports and recreation facilities) factors on youths’ health in transition in Hong Kong. A sample of 508 individuals aged 17–23 years from all Hong Kong council districts randomly completed validated questionnaires by telephone survey. Of 508,302 individuals with complete data pertaining to address geocoding were selected for further analyses. Overall, more than half of them (56.3%) used sports and recreation facilities once per month or less. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship among the studies’ constructs. The results indicated that the proposed model sufficiently fitted the data (χ2 (24) = 32.23, p < 0.12; CFI = 0.977; SRMR = 0.051; RMSEA = 0.034 (90% CI = 0.000 to 0.061). However, two items of PSC were sequentially removed due to their low standardized factor loadings (<0.3). A structural model was reinserted into data analyses, and the modified model fitted the data well as indicated by fit indices (χ2 (11) = 15.29, p < 0.17; CFI = 0.987; SRMR = 0.054; RMSEA = 0.036 (90% CI = 0.000 to 0.075). Only VPA (β = 0.27, p = 0.0005) and PSC (β = 0.12, p = 0.048) were significantly related to perceived health at an individual level. To promote youth health, the Hong Kong government may work with the business sector, community groups, or education institutions to develop community programs to keep youths active (especially VPA) and to build more cohesive, trustful relationships among youths in the neighborhood.
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Ward, Susan. "National Cinema or Creative Industries? Film Policy in Transition." Media International Australia 112, no. 1 (August 2004): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411200110.
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In 2002, ‘film’ consolidated a position within municipal governance as part of the Brisbane City Council's economic development program based on the ‘new economy’ understanding of the role of the city as the physical location of commercial and cultural activity. This positioning of film within the notion of industry clustering, and the acknowledgment that production technologies of film and television share a common ground with games development, and other forms of leisure software, represent a fundamental departure from the precepts of the traditional national cinema model. Are creative industries discourse and cluster logic opening up a new field of governance for film policy? How does this translate to the state and federal levels if policy is to become more accommodating to the structures and dynamics of specific regional locations? This paper examines two Queensland approaches to creative industries discourse and cluster logic as a way of understanding the impact this move to a ‘global knowledge-based economy’ will have on the traditional policy framework.
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Dowda, Marsha, Ruth P. Saunders, Natalie Colabianchi, Rod K. Dishman, Kerry L. McIver, and Russell R. Pate. "Longitudinal Associations Between Psychosocial, Home, and Neighborhood Factors and Children’s Physical Activity." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0137.
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Background: Physical activity (PA) provides important health benefits to children, and a large percentage of children’s PA occurs at home. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between psychosocial, home, and neighborhood environmental factors and children’s reported PA at home and in the neighborhood, during the transition from elementary to high school. Methods: A total of 555 participants (44% boys) were recruited in grade 5 and followed through grades 6, 7, and 9. Children self-reported PA in 3 locations—at home, in the neighborhood, and on the street. Children reported parent support and neighborhood environment, parents reported PA equipment, and a windshield survey assessed incivilities and outside PA equipment. Longitudinal Poisson models evaluated the relationships between environmental variables and 3 self-reported PA variables, adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, and parent education. Results: Parent support and PA equipment were significant positive predictors of home PA. Child’s perceived environment (positive) and incivilities (negative) were significant predictors of neighborhood PA. Parental support, perceived environment, and outside PA equipment were positive significant predictors of street PA. Conclusions: This study supports the need for both family and community/neighborhood PA interventions that encourage parents to support child PA and for communities to reduce incivilities.
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Morshed, Alexandra B., Haley V. Becker, Jacques Raymond Delnatus, Patricia B. Wolff, and Lora L. Iannotti. "Early nutrition transition in Haiti: linking food purchasing and availability to overweight status in school-aged children." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 18 (July 4, 2016): 3378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001671.
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AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim was to examine the association of socio-economic factors and diet with overweight (including obesity) among school-aged children in Haiti. The secondary aim was to describe food availability and the physical activity built environment in participating schools.DesignThis cross-sectional study examined baseline data from the intervention Mamba study assessing the effectiveness of a fortified peanut butter paste in school-aged children. Logistic regression modelling was used to test hypothesized factors in association with overweight status.SettingSix primary schools in Cap-Haitien, the second largest city in Haiti.SubjectsChildren (n 968) aged 3–13 years, in good health and enrolled in a participating school for the 2012/13 school year.ResultsChild age (adjusted OR (AOR); 95 % CI=0·25; 0·12, 0·56), child age squared (1·08; 1·03, 1·13), always purchasing food at school (3·52; 1·12, 11·08), mother’s BMI (1·10; 1·04, 1·16) and household ownership of a bicycle (0·28; 0·11, 0·71) were significantly associated with overweight (likelihood ratio=36, P<0·0001). Consumption of fish was significantly lower in overweight children in the binary analysis (P=0·033) and improved the fit of the model. Schools had limited time and space for physical activity and foods sold by vendors were predominantly high in sugar or fat.ConclusionsTo our knowledge the present study is the first to examine the covariates of childhood overweight or describe school food availability and physical activity built environments in Haiti. Further research is necessary to identify intervention targets and feasible, cost-effective approaches for prevention of obesity in Haiti children.
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Gorbanev, Yury, Yannick Engelmann, Kevin van’t Veer, Evgenii Vlasov, Callie Ndayirinde, Yanhui Yi, Sara Bals, and Annemie Bogaerts. "Al2O3-Supported Transition Metals for Plasma-Catalytic NH3 Synthesis in a DBD Plasma: Metal Activity and Insights into Mechanisms." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101230.
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N2 fixation into NH3 is one of the main processes in the chemical industry. Plasma catalysis is among the environmentally friendly alternatives to the industrial energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. However, many questions remain open, such as the applicability of the conventional catalytic knowledge to plasma. In this work, we studied the performance of Al2O3-supported Fe, Ru, Co and Cu catalysts in plasma-catalytic NH3 synthesis in a DBD reactor. We investigated the effects of different active metals, and different ratios of the feed gas components, on the concentration and production rate of NH3, and the energy consumption of the plasma system. The results show that the trend of the metal activity (common for thermal catalysis) does not appear in the case of plasma catalysis: here, all metals exhibited similar performance. These findings are in good agreement with our recently published microkinetic model. This highlights the virtual independence of NH3 production on the metal catalyst material, thus validating the model and indicating the potential contribution of radical adsorption and Eley-Rideal reactions to the plasma-catalytic mechanism of NH3 synthesis.
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Kazlauskaite, Rasa, Kelly Karavolos, Imke Janssen, Kimberly Carlson, Karla J. Shipp, Sheila A. Dugan, and Lynda H. Powell. "The Association between Self-Reported Energy Intake and Intra-Abdominal Adipose Tissue in Perimenopausal Women." Journal of Obesity 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/567320.
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We have previously shown that physical activity predicts intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAT), but it is unknown whether energy intake predicts IAT independently of physical activity in a community-based, naturalistic environment. The association of energy intake with IAT was explored cross-sectionally in women, recruited between 2002 and 2005 for a study of fat patterning in midlife. IAT at L4-L5vertebral interspace was assessed by computed tomography, energy intake by the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, and physical activity by the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey. Linear regression models were used for the principal analyses. Among the 257 women, 48% were African American and 52% were Caucasian. Women were52±3years old, and 49% were postmenopausal. Every 500 kcal increase in energy intake was associated with a 6% higher IAT (P=0.02), independent of physical activity (P=0.02), after adjustment for ethnicity, menopausal status, age, smoking, income, and DXA-assessed percent body fat. Energy intake had a significant interaction with ethnicity (P=0.02), but not with physical activity. Models using the IAT to subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue ratio as an outcome had similar associations. In conclusion, self-reported EI was associated with preferential IAT accumulation in midlife women, independent of physical activity. This association was significantly stronger in Caucasian than African American women. Future longitudinal studies are needed to explore lifestyle predictors of IAT accumulation during the menopausal transition.