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Academic literature on the topic 'Physical Activity Knowledge'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Physical Activity Knowledge"

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Schaben, Jodee, Senlin Chen, Gregory Welk, Spyridoula Vazou, Yang Liu, and Yang Bai. "Physical Activity and Fitness Knowledge." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000488213.96102.ad.

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DuBose, Katrina D., and Deirdre Dlugonski. "Dose Knowledge of Physical Activity Recommendations Change After a Physical Activity Intervention?" Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S (May 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000535242.92409.13.

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Fatima, Anam, and Dr P. Ashlesha. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Expectant Mothers on Physical Activity - A Comparative Study." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23745.

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Hanna, Katherine, Anne Hanley, Avril Huddy, Michael McDonald, and Fiona Willer. "Physical Activity Participation and Nutrition and Physical Activity Knowledge in University Dance Students." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2017.1001.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess participation in physical activity and knowledge of general nutrition and current public health messages about the health benefits of physical activity in university dance students, and to investigate differences between first-year and later-year students and between students in dance and dance performance course groups. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 67 participants from dance undergraduate degrees in a university in Australia. Nutrition knowledge was assessed using the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire. Physical activity participation and awareness of its benefits were assessed using the Active Australia Survey. RESULTS: Results indicate low nutrition knowledge among dance students, with 47% and 52% of responses correct in dance and dance performance students, respectively. Nutrition knowledge did not vary between students in first or later years. Self-reported participation in moderate and vigorous physical activity varied substantially and met or exceeded recommendations based upon duration and frequency for 98% of participants. However, awareness of physical activity messages varied, with dance students more likely to disagree about the level of activity needed for health benefits. CONCLUSIONS: Dance students report varying levels of physical activity that usually met or exceeded recommendations; however, knowledge of general nutrition and physical activity benefits was low. Improved knowledge could contribute to changes in behavior that improve health status in this population.
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Astley, Camilla, Ana Jessica Pinto, Eloisa Bonfá, Clovis Artur Almeida da Silva, and Bruno Gualano. "Gaps on rheumatologists’ knowledge of physical activity." Clinical Rheumatology 40, no. 7 (January 13, 2021): 2907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05540-3.

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Estes, Steven G. "Knowledge and Physical Activity in Higher Education." Quest 55, no. 3 (August 2003): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2003.10491804.

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Vaughn, Michelle, Jung Won Hur, and Jared Russell. "Flipping a college physical activity course: Impact on knowledge, skills, and physical activity." Journal of Pedagogical Research 3, no. 3 (October 26, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33902/jpr.vi0.126.

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Walters, Kellie A., Cindy L. Hartman, and Kate Evans. "Exploring The Influence Of Pregnancy And Physical Activity Involvement On Physical Activity Levels And Knowledge Exploring The Influence Of Pregnancy And Physical Activity Involvement On Physical Activity Levels And Knowledge." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000671408.33875.60.

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Qamar, Naveed. "EXPLORING THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY KNOWLEDGE AND PROMOTION AMONG PHYSICAL THERAPISTS." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 8, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.8.2/005.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS Globally physical inactivity is recognized as a primary concern and one of the major risk factor associated with long term disability. Health professionals are expected to promote active lifestyle but are neglecting it. Therefore it is essential to explore the knowledge of physical therapist regarding activity and promotion. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 153 physical therapist at different tertiary care hospitals of Karachi where dominant group was females (n=102). A self-administered questionnaire was distributed through convenience sampling after obtaining consent to evaluate their knowledge regarding physical activity recommendation by American College of Sports Medicine and there awareness among their patients. RESULTS Only 8.5% of physiotherapists correctly answered all three questions regarding Physical activity; guidelines. Promoting physical activity through their practice, only 54% of PT initiate conversation, 28% formally assess their patients, while brief intervention was given by only 31%. CONCLUSION It was concluded that knowledge regarding PA was compromised; with a lack of awareness about recommended guidelines for physical activity was also found.
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Pandit, Vandana. "The Gap between Knowledge and Practice of Physical Activity in Medical Students of Delhi." International Journal of Healthcare Education & Medical Informatics 6, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.9199.201905.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physical Activity Knowledge"

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Hunt, Julian. "Exploring physical activity knowledge and preferences among urban indigenous Australians /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19402.pdf.

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Kiken, Laura G. "Knowledge and Perceived Ambiguity of Physical Activity Recommendations and Physical Activity in Men and Women in the United States." Also available to VCU users at:, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2192.

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Jette, Shannon. "Governing risk, exercising caution : western medical knowledge, physical activity and pregnancy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14840.

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In contemporary Western society, the messages regarding exercise during pregnancy are conflicting and confusing. Long-standing cautions about the dangers of over-exertion intermingle with entreaties to engage in moderate physical activity in order to have a healthier baby with a reduced risk of developing various chronic diseases. These medical messages then co-mingle with advice from family and friends as well as with images of the fit, pregnant 'yummy mummy' circulating in popular culture. The purpose of this dissertation is to trace history, untangle meanings and demonstrate shifting 'truth' claims about the active pregnant body, also considering how the various messages in circulation might be experienced as simultaneously empowering and oppressive by their intended audience, the pregnant woman. With these goals in mind, I draw upon the Foucauldian tools of archaeological and genealogical analysis to examine how knowledge regarding exercise during pregnancy has been produced over the past century, and how the messages put forth by the medical profession (and circulating within consumer culture) have functioned to regulate the activities of pregnant women. I also enlist the analytical tool of 'governmentality' (Foucault, 2003; O'Malley, 2008) to examine the place of exercise during pregnancy within the larger governmental apparatus of Western society over the past century. This approach provides a key insight as to why the ideas and messages about physical activity and pregnancy are so confusing: since the late nineteenth century, exercise during pregnancy has been framed as both a problem and a solution to the larger biopolitical aims of governance, aims which themselves have changed from a concern with the collective strength of the nation-state to a (neo-liberal) concern with the cost of unhealthy bodies. By situating maternal exercise within the larger governmental complex and closely examining the 'rules of formation' that allow particular statements (at certain times) to be accepted as 'truth' or 'knowledge' as well as showing how these 'truths' turn into a form of practicing power, my project illustrates the contingency of ideas regarding maternal exercise and troubles taken-for-granted ways of thinking about the active, pregnant body.
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Faktor, Marc Dylan. "Health-related physical fitness, knowledge, and administration of the Canadian physical activity, fitness and lifestyle approach." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15891.

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Research suggests that individuals who have increased fitness knowledge via health education are more likely to be physically active and fit. In addition, an individual’s health literacy is suggested to play a substantial role towards the acquisition of health knowledge. However, literature delineating the relationship between health knowledge, health literacy, and the components of health-related physical fitness is scarce and inconsistent. The Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness and Lifestyle Approach (CPAFLA) represents a series of standardized fitness testing procedures developed by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. In addition, the CPAFLA provides important health-related information to individuals intended to promote healthy lifestyle activities. To-date, the influence of the CPAFLA on health-related physical fitness knowledge and the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) regarding physical activity has yet to be examined. One large study examining two distinct sub-questions was conducted. The first question examined objectively the relationship between health-related physical fitness knowledge, health literacy, and health-related physical fitness in 34 participants (18 F, 16 M; 19-49 years). Knowledge was examined using the FitSmart, while health literacy and physical fitness were assessed via the Newest Vital Sign and the CPAFLA, respectively. Results indicated that knowledge was a significant correlate (r=O.40, p
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Kendle, Christine Burky. "Evaluation of adolescent attitudes and knowledge toward nutrition, physical activity, self esteem, and body image." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407158006.

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Thomas, Jack Ray II. "Dietary Intakes, Physical Activity Patterns, Nutritional Knowledge/Attitude, and Weight Change of Graduates of Division I College Football Programs." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392806662.

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Smith, Joanna. "Can a physical education intervention with Year 2 children influence their perceptions, knowledge, and choices about physical activity? : a research project report." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2866.

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The purposes of this study were to examine (a) what views Year 2 hold about physical activity, (b) how they perceive their own ability, and how much effort they give, with regard to physical activity, and (c) how they explain the importance of being physically active. In addition, a physical education (PE) intervention was put in place to see if it would change the children's perceptions, choices and knowledge in regard to physical activity. Two groups of four Year 2 children from a private city school took part in individual and group interviews before and after the teaching intervention. Results indicated that the children viewed physical activity, PE and physical fitness, positively. The children in this study held high self-perceptions of their ability to do physical activity and sport and attributed their abilities to previous physical experiences and effort. Before the teaching intervention the children's knowledge of concepts of health related physical activity were vague and incomplete. Following the eight-week intervention the children in this group were able to answer the knowledge questions accurately and in detail.
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Haslem, Elizabeth Bailey. "The Relationship Between Health-Related Fitness Knowledge, Perceived Competence, Self-Determination, and Physical Activity Behaviors of High School Students." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4386.

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The purpose of this study was (a) to test a hypothesized model of motivation grounded in the Self-Determination Theory within the context of conceptual physical education (CPE), and (b) to explore the strength and directionality of perceived competence for physical activity as a possible mediator for health-related fitness knowledge and actual physical activity behaviors. Participants were 280 high school students who were at the end of a CPE course. Participants completed the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire–2, the Godin Leisure–Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Perceived Competence Scale, and a Health-Related Fitness Knowledge Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to explore the relationships between the variables of health-related fitness knowledge, perceived competence, motivation, and physical activity. The analysis resulted in a modified model that showed a relationship between perceived competence and physical activity, mediated by introjected and identified regulation. Implications and recommendations for physical education professionals are made.
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Cengiz, Cevdet. "Effects Of A Social-ecological Intervention On Physical Activity Knowledge Level And Behaviors Of Students In Rural Settings." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613371/index.pdf.

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This study examined the effects of social-ecological intervention on physical activity (PA) knowledge level and behaviors of rural middle school students. A pre-test post-test control group design was constructed. In addition, qualitative data was collected by focus group discussions after the post-test in experimental group. Two schools from similar rural settings were identified as experimental and control schools. In total 62 students from 6, 7, 8 grades of these schools participated in this study. Experimental school PA environment was changed based on the social-ecological model (SEM) with a focus on intrapersonal, interpersonal, community level, organizational factors, and public policies related with PA. Turkish version of health related fitness (HRF) knowledge test, v pedometer, exercise stages of change, PA self-efficacy, social support, and PA enjoyment questionnaires were used to gather information for the dependent variables for the present study. A focus group discussion was implemented in experimental school. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used for the numerical data analysis. Focus group transcriptions were analyzed by content analysis method. According to HRF knowledge and PA analysis, experimental school students significantly improved their HRF knowledge scores, PA levels, social support compared to the control group students (p<
0.05). Focus groups results supported the quantitative findings. In conclusion, this study indicated the value of SEM in improving the health related fitness knowledge, PA level and social support of students in rural context. Improving the rural school context for PA promotion by SEM is strongly recommended.
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McInvale, Kathleen. "Exploring the Nutrition and Physical Activity Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Low-Income Parents of Peruvian Preschool Children." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3218.

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Obesity and related chronic diseases are emerging public health issues among children in Peru, where more than 13 percent of children five years and younger are overweight or obese. Although parents have been identified as one of the most important determinants of healthy weight in young children, there are no known studies that have explored the perceptions of Peruvian parents regarding obesity prevention. This study assessed the nutrition and physical activity knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Peruvian parents, and sought to determine if there is a relationship between their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The cross-sectional survey study sampled 204 parents of three and four-year-old children attending five preschools in a resource-poor Southern Lima setting. The Pen-3 cultural model guided the assessment of parental characteristics using the BAQ-HH survey across three domains; knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding diet and physical activity. Additional data was abstracted from school records to assess children’s BMI and compare parental perceptions of child’s weight with child’s measured weight status. Parent respondents were predominantly female (86%) between 20 and 39 years old (85.1%). Less than one third (30.5%) were receiving information about nutrition or physical activity. Data was available for 147 children of the participants, 53.7 % were female with a mean age of 49.4 months and a mean BMI of 16.7. Nearly half the children (41.3%) exceeded healthy weight. Parents demonstrated healthy knowledge and behaviors, but unhealthy attitudes. Parental knowledge and attitudes were predictive of behaviors (F(2,166)=5.826, p=0.004, R2=0.066). The majority (56.6%) of Peruvian parents accurately perceived their child’s weight status but 9.6% of parents of overweight and obese children were able to do so. Understanding the nutrition and physical activity knowledge and perceptions of Peruvian preschooler parents can advance local and national health ministry and public health obesity prevention initiatives for young children.
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Books on the topic "Physical Activity Knowledge"

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H, Paterson Donald, ed. Physical activity and the older adult: A knowledge base for managing exercise programs. [Illinois]: Stipes Publishing Co., 2004.

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Schutte, Nienke M., Meike Bartels, and Eco JC de Geus. Genetics of physical activity and physical fitness. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0020.

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Regular physical activity and fitness are key contributors to children’s health. It is important to understand sources of variation in phenotypes seen among children and adolescents. It is important to calculate the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors to observed individual differences. Heritability estimates of physical activity vary, depending on sample size and measurement instrument, but the overall importance of environmental factors seems to decrease in adolescence, whereas genetic effects become more prominent. Twin and family studies show that individual differences in maximal oxygen uptake, muscle strength, flexibility, and balance are affected by genetic factors. Some evidence is found for specific genes coding for physical activity and fitness, but children and adolescent studies are limited. Future research should prioritize these target groups as knowledge of the source of individual differences in physical activity and fitness at different time points can optimize the choice and timing of exercise intervention.
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Garza, Julie C., Nancy G. Murray, Shreela Sharma, Kelli L. Drenner, Susan R. Tortolero, and Wendell C. Taylor. Physical activity, physical fitness, and social, psychological, and emotional health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0028.

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Physical activity is consistently associated with favourable physical health1; however, the impact of physical activity on social, psychological, and emotional health is not consistent. Given the importance of these facets of health for children and adolescents, we reviewed the literature, identified important gaps in knowledge, and recommended future research. This review includes recent literature hereby updating the earlier version of this chapter.2
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Abraído-Lanza, Ana F., Karen R. Flórez, and Rachel C. Shelton. Acculturation and Physical Activity Among Latinos. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.24.

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Despite the many health benefits of physical activity (PA), the majority of Latinos do not meet recommended levels of PA. This chapter provides an overview of research on acculturation and PA among adult Latinos in the United States. It identifies gaps in knowledge concerning the association between acculturation and different types of PA, the joint effects of socioeconomic position and acculturation on PA, and research on gender. It suggests several areas for further research related to acculturation and PA, including an exploration of norms, social networks, and broader social contexts. It concludes that although the bulk of evidence indicates that greater acculturation is associated with increased PA, more complex research designs and greater methodological and conceptual rigor are needed to move forward research in this area.
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Govindasamy, Devin. Physical Activity and the Older Adult: A Knowledge Base for Managing Exercise Programs (Stipes Monograph). Stipes Publishing, LLC, 1994.

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Differences in physical activity attitudes and fitness knowledge between health fitness standard, sex, and grade groups. 1994.

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Amateur Athletic Union of the United States., ed. The effectiveness of the AAU Developmental physical fitness curricular module in promoting physical fitness, fitness knowledge and attitudes toward physical activity in fifth and seventh grade children. 1989.

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Zetaruk, Merrilee, and Shareef Mustapha. Young athletes with a physical or mental disability. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0041.

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This chapter reviews the prevalence of some of the more common physical and mental impairments and addresses the particular challenges faced by individuals with disabilities who are participating in sports. Although the incidence of sport-significant abnormalities detected amoung able-bodied individuals on preparticipation screening is relatively low (1–3%), the rate may be as high as 40% in disabled populations.9 As such, the injuries that athletes with disabilities are predisposed to and general strategies for prevention are reviewed in this text. In addition, the multitude of benefits that are achieved through physical activity and sport participation are discussed. Some adaptations via adjustments in rules and use of prosthetic devices that allow participation in a more diverse range of athletic activity are also reviewed. Finally, some of the opportunities that exist for athletes with disabilities who wish to participate at high levels of competition such as the Paralympic Games and Special Olympics are highlighted. Given the utility of physical activity for all and the increasing number of athletes with disabilities, it is imperative that health professionals become familiar with the unique challenges faced by these athletes. Knowledge of injuries encountered in this population as well as disability-specific modes of injury prevention is imperative.10
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Veblen, Thomas, Kenneth Young, and Antony Orme. The Physical Geography of South America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313413.001.0001.

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The Physical Geography of South America, the eighth volume in the Oxford Regional Environments series, presents an enduring statement on the physical and biogeographic conditions of this remarkable continent and their relationships to human activity. It fills a void in recent environmental literature by assembling a team of specialists from within and beyond South America in order to provide an integrated, cross-disciplinary body of knowledge about this mostly tropical continent, together with its high mountains and temperate southern cone. The authors systematically cover the main components of the South American environment - tectonism, climate, glaciation, natural landscape changes, rivers, vegetation, animals, and soils. The book then presents more specific treatments of regions with special attributes from the tropical forests of the Amazon basin to the Atacama Desert and Patagonian steppe, and from the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Pacific coasts to the high Andes. Additionally, the continents environments are given a human face by evaluating the roles played by people over time, from pre-European and European colonial impacts to the effects of modern agriculture and urbanization, and from interactions with El Niño events to prognoses for the future environments of the continent.
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Dallmeijer, Annet, and Jost Schnyder. Exercise capacity and training in cerebral palsy and other neuromuscular diseases. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0035.

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Chapter 35 gives an understanding of the role of exercise in the functional assessment and clinical management of children with neuromuscular diseases, especially for children with CP and PMD. Current knowledge about exercise capacity and training possibilities with respect to the different fitness components (aerobic power, anaerobic power, muscular strength) will be described as well as the level of physical activity and training recommendations. Practical advice and suggestions are given on how to build up and execute an adapted programme for physical activity, sports, and exercise. Data will be summarized to recognize the possibilities as well as the limits of exercise, and also to permit a regular evaluation and a constant adaptation of a physical activity programme.
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Book chapters on the topic "Physical Activity Knowledge"

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McGuire-Adams, Tricia. "Women’s Stories of Decolonized Physical Activity." In Indigenous Feminist Gikendaasowin (Knowledge), 63–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56806-1_4.

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Diana, Augusto. "Physical Activity: Definitional Issues and Knowledge Gaps." In Issues in Children's and Families' Lives, 1–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3606-5_1.

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Świątek, Paweł, Piotr Klukowski, Krzysztof Brzostowski, and Jarosław Drapała. "Wearable Smart System for Physical Activity Support." In Advanced Techniques for Knowledge Engineering and Innovative Applications, 291–304. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-42017-7_21.

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McGuire-Adams, Tricia. "Disciplined Physical Activity as an Ethic of Anishinaabeg Self-Discipline." In Indigenous Feminist Gikendaasowin (Knowledge), 129–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56806-1_7.

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McGuire-Adams, Tricia. "Wiisokotaatiwin: Kettlebell Training, Critical Dialogue, and Creating Well-Being Through Physical Activity." In Indigenous Feminist Gikendaasowin (Knowledge), 99–128. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56806-1_6.

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Mák, Erzsébet, Balázs Pintér, Balázs Gaál, István Vassányi, György Kozmann, and Istvánné Németh. "A Formal Domain Model for Dietary and Physical Activity Counseling." In Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, 607–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15387-7_64.

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Cvetković, Božidara, Martin Gjoreski, Jure Šorn, Pavel Maslov, and Mitja Luštrek. "Monitoring Physical Activity and Mental Stress Using Wrist-Worn Device and a Smartphone." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 414–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71273-4_42.

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Zizikova, S. I., I. V. Nikolaeva, and O. B. Paramonova. "Digital Autism as a Factor of Reduced Physical Activity of the Population." In Current Achievements, Challenges and Digital Chances of Knowledge Based Economy, 641–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47458-4_73.

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Zhang, Chao, and Jiawei Han. "Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery." In Urban Informatics, 797–814. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_42.

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AbstractOur physical world is being projected into online cyberspace at an unprecedented rate. People nowadays visit different places and leave behind them million-scale digital traces such as tweets, check-ins, Yelp reviews, and Uber trajectories. Such digital data are a result of social sensing: namely people act as human sensors that probe different places in the physical world and share their activities online. The availability of massive social-sensing data provides a unique opportunity for understanding urban space in a data-driven manner and improving many urban computing applications, ranging from urban planning and traffic scheduling to disaster control and trip planning. In this chapter, we present recent developments in data-mining techniques for urban activity modeling, a fundamental task for extracting useful urban knowledge from social-sensing data. We first describe traditional approaches to urban activity modeling, including pattern discovery methods and statistical models. Then, we present the latest developments in multimodal embedding techniques for this task, which learns vector representations for different modalities to model people's spatiotemporal activities. We study the empirical performance of these methods and demonstrate how data-mining techniques can be successfully applied to social-sensing data to extract actionable knowledge and facilitate downstream applications.
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van Mil, Imke Wies, Olga Popovic Larsen, Karina Mose, and Anne Iversen. "Design with Knowledge—Light in Learning Environments." In Teacher Transition into Innovative Learning Environments, 203–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7497-9_17.

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AbstractA range of artificial lighting characteristics have been found to influence our visual and cognitive capabilities, mood, motivation and/or (social) behaviour—all affecting how we (academically) perform. One such influential characteristic is spatial contrast, or the way light is distributed in space causing a pattern of light and darkness. This study looks at if and how spatial contrast influences pupil behaviour, and specifically their ability to concentrate. We first explored whether variances in pupil noise, physical activity and mood, which have been found to affect concentration, occur when exposed to either a high or a low spatial contrast in their learning environment. Preliminary data from field experiments in a primary school indicates towards decreased noise levels and improved environmental satisfaction when a high spatial contrast condition is present. This implies improved environmental circumstances to concentrate. Further research to confirm this assumption will be undertaken.
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Conference papers on the topic "Physical Activity Knowledge"

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Deng, Anqi. "Physical Activity and Fitness Knowledge in Middle School Physical Education." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1683929.

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Fox, Katriona, Niall Dalton, Alex Boldy, Madalene Khalil, Paul Scully, and Clodagh O’Gorman. "P511 Parental knowledge of physical activity guidelines and levels of physical activity in children." In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.847.

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Niu, Zhongran. "Physical Activity Knowledge Representation in Electronic Health Records." In 2022 IEEE 10th International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichi54592.2022.00075.

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Jinfu, Xu. "Mapping Knowledge Domain Analysis of Physical Activity for Children." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-18.2018.24.

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Pacheco, Brenda Hemanuella Arêas Figueiredo, Luiza da Silva Machado, Camila Cruz Pinto Soares Maia, Mairkon Almeida Soares, and Laila Glaicy Gomes Queiroz. "Evaluation of mycational and sexual complaints inwomen practicing physical activity." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212415.

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The pelvic floor has the function of supporting the pelvic organs. In women,changes in the pelvic musculature can result in urinary incontinence, pelvicorgan prolapses and other disorders, which may include sexual disorders. Theaim of this study was to assess sexual and voiding dysfunctions among womenwho practice physical activity. A cross-sectional observational study was carriedout, with 31 female patients, aged between 20 and 35 years (26.0 ± 4.2),divided into group G1 with 18 women practicing physical activity with practicetime less than 3 years and the G2 group with 13 women practicing physicalactivity for more than 3 years. As evaluation instruments were used: TheInternational Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ –SF) and theICIQ-VS questionnaire. The results showed a greater severity of voidingsymptoms in women in group G2, with a severity score of 6.0 and group G1 hada severity score of 3.1, chi-square=5.19 and p=0.07. Regarding vaginalsymptoms, G2 showed a prevalence of 61.5%, which may be indicative of POP.In the present study, a high prevalence of UI symptoms was observed inwomen who practice physical activity, when related to the time of practice, therewas the presence of mild UI in Group G1 andmoderate in Group G2 (p=0.07),presenting a higher impairment of the quality of life of the G2 group (p=0.01).
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Mccormack, C., S. Cullivan, B. Kehoe, N. Moyna, B. McCullagh, N. McCaffrey, S. P. Gaine, and S. Hardcastle. "Physical Activity Knowledge, Attitudes and Preferences in Pulmonary Hypertension Patients." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a4137.

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Nguyen, Le T., and Joy Zhang. "Unsupervised Work Knowledge Mining through Mobility and Physical Activity Sensing." In 6th International Conference on Mobile Computing, Applications and Services. ICST, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.mobicase.2014.257724.

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Saripalle, Rishi. "Extending HL7 RIM Model to Capture Physical Activity Data." In The 29th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering. KSI Research Inc. and Knowledge Systems Institute Graduate School, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18293/seke2017-053.

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Phan, NhatHai, Dejing Dou, Xiao Xiao, Brigitte Piniewski, and David Kil. "Analysis of Physical Activity Propagation in a Health Social Network." In CIKM '14: 2014 ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2662025.

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Sharma, Ashish, and Gaurav Sethi. "Fatigue Detection Post Physical Activity: A Review." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.13.

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Construction work is purely effortful and the prevention of injuries at construction job sites is essential for encouraging worker’s well being and health which is generally overlooked at the construction sites. World’s construction industry is one amongst those having unsatisfactory work health issues. A large number of laborers and construction workers have to undergo fatigue risk at their job place as fatigue increases the risk of injury among construction workers. This paper describes the current state of the art of the research carried out in case of fatigue assessment after performing some physical activity providing an insight into fatigue, its detection and an overview of the causes of risk fatigue and its countermeasures. A number of subjective and objective fatigue assessment approaches have been used that have further stimulated the inclusion of latest and advanced approaches for fatigue detection. Although individual’s knowledge regarding the fatigue detection approaches has enhanced, there is as yet minimal research in the field of fatigue detection post physical activity at construction sites. This article provides a novel deep action recognition approach using deep extension based equilibrium with capsule auto encoder network for the detection of physiological fatigue among construction workers. The proposed method was tested on the dataset collected at the local construction sites in the form of videos.
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Reports on the topic "Physical Activity Knowledge"

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Capdevila, Lluis, Josep-Maria Losilla, Carla Alfonso, Tony Estrella, and Jaume F. Lalanza. Physical Activity and Planetary Health: a scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0028.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this scoping review is to scope the body of literature, clarify concepts, investigate research conduct and to identify knowledge gaps about the physical activity (PA) behavior in a context of planetary health. The proposed study will review the existing literature considering PA beyond the scope of mere health behaviour, focusing on its potential impacts on planetary health and sustainable development. We will differentiate the PA behavior of the PA facilities or context like green-space or blue-space. Specific objectives are to provide knowledge about: 1. Which PA behaviors are sustainable for the planet and which are not. 2. What are the characteristics of sustainable PA behaviors. 3. What are the positive and negative impacts of PA behaviors on planetary health. Condition being studied: In this case, it is studied how the active lifestyle and the practice of physical activities, exercise or sports of people affect planetary health.
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Siercke, Maj, Sanne Pagh Moller, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Henrik Sillesen, and Dorthe Overgaard. Improving Rehabilitation for Patients with Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Mixed-Methods Evaluation (The CIPIC Rehab Study). Science Repository, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jicoa.2021.04.01.sup.

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Aim: This study aimed to explore how qualitative data about rehabilitation for patients with intermittent claudication do provide an enhanced understanding of the quantitative experimental results. Background: The study was a randomized clinical trial comparing a rehabilitation intervention with usual care. A statistically significant difference between rehabilitation and usual care was found in walking distance, physical activity, quality of life and diet. The findings from the quantitative and qualitative analyses were analysed separately on their own tradition. In this study, mixed methods address whether the qualitative results could help explain the quantitative results and bring forward additional information. Design: Complex mixed-method intervention design with a convergent questionnaire variant. Methods: From April 2017- May 2019, patients diagnosed with intermittent claudication were included in a randomized clinical trial (N=118). In addition, qualitative interview informants from the intervention group were sampled from the quantitative study population for a survey (N=43) and focus group interviews (N=10). Interviews were conducted from April 2018-August 2019. Results: Integrated analyses identified how improvement in walking distance, physical activity, diet and quality of life was affected by team spirit, pedometer, education and fun exercise in a local setting. Quantitative and qualitative findings primarily confirmed and expanded each other; however, two discordant results were also evident. Conclusion: Our study adds empirical evidence regarding how a mixed-methods study can be used to obtain a more nuanced understanding of complex healthcare problems. The study provides new knowledge concerning how to set up a rehabilitation programme for patients with intermittent claudication.
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Dello, Kathie D., and Philip W. Mote. Oregon climate assessment report : December 2010. Corvallis, Oregon : Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, Oregon State University, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1157.

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The group of scientists that make up the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change found in 2007 that the warming of Earth’s climate is unequivocal and largely due to human activity. Earth’s climate has changed in the past, though the recent magnitude and pace of changes are unprecedented in human existence. Recent decades have been warmer than at any time in roughly 120,000 years. Most of this warming can be attributed to anthropogenic activity, primarily burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) for energy. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other heat trapping gases, also known as greenhouse gases, into the atmosphere. This warming cannot be explained by natural causes (volcanic and solar) alone. It can be said with confidence that human activities are primarily responsible for the observed 1.5 ˚F increase in 20th century temperatures in the Pacific Northwest. A warmer climate will affect this state substantially. In 2007, the Oregon State Legislature charged the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, via HB 3543, with assessing the state of climate change science including biological, physical and social science as it relates to Oregon and the likely effects of climate change on the state. This inaugural assessment report is meant to act as a compendium of the relevant research on climate change and its impacts on the state of Oregon. This report draws on a large body of work on climate change impacts in the western US from the Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington and the California Climate Action Team. In this report, we also identify knowledge gaps, where we acknowledge the need for more research in certain areas. We hope this report will serve as a useful resource for decision-makers, stakeholders, researchers and all Oregonians. The following chapters address key sectors that fall within the biological, physical and social sciences in the state of Oregon.
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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, Heidi Tuhkanen, Vincent Omondi Odongo, Michael Boyland, Elizabeth Katja Fiertz, Maria Escobar, Mónica Trujillo, and Philip Osano. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.

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Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.
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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.

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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.
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Sela, Shlomo, and Michael McClelland. Desiccation Tolerance in Salmonella and its Implications. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594389.bard.

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Salmonella enterica is a worldwide food-borne pathogen, which regularly causes large outbreaks of food poisoning. Recent outbreaks linked to consumption of contaminated foods with low water-activity, have raised interest in understanding the factors that control fitness of this pathogen to dry environment. Consequently, the general objective of this study was to extend our knowledge on desiccation tolerance and long-term persistence of Salmonella. We discovered that dehydrated STm entered into a viable-but-nonculturable state, and that addition of chloramphenicol reduced bacterial survival. This finding implied that adaptation to desiccation stress requires de-novo protein synthesis. We also discovered that dried STm cells develop cross-tolerance to multiple stresses that the pathogen might encounter in the agriculture/food environment, such as high or low temperatures, salt, and various disinfectants. These findings have important implications for food safety because they demonstrate the limitations of chemical and physical treatments currently utilized by the food industry to completely inactivate Salmonella. In order to identify genes involved in desiccation stress tolerance, we employed transcriptomic analysis of dehydrated and wet cells and direct screening of knock-out mutant and transposon libraries. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that dehydration induced expression of ninety genes and down-regulated seven. Ribosomal structural genes represented the most abundant functional group with a relatively higher transcription during dehydration. Other large classes of induced functional groups included genes involved in amino acid metabolism, energy production, ion transport, transcription, and stress response. Initial genetic analysis of a number of up-regulated genes was carried out). It was found that mutations in rpoS, yahO, aceA, nifU, rpoE, ddg,fnr and kdpE significantly compromised desiccation tolerance, supporting their role in desiccation stress response.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Modlo, Yevhenii O., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Stanislav L. Bondarevskyi, Stanislav T. Tolmachev, Oksana M. Markova, and Pavlo P. Nechypurenko. Methods of using mobile Internet devices in the formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3677.

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An analysis of the experience of professional training bachelors of electromechanics in Ukraine and abroad made it possible to determine that one of the leading trends in its modernization is the synergistic integration of various engineering branches (mechanical, electrical, electronic engineering and automation) in mechatronics for the purpose of design, manufacture, operation and maintenance electromechanical equipment. Teaching mechatronics provides for the meaningful integration of various disciplines of professional and practical training bachelors of electromechanics based on the concept of modeling and technological integration of various organizational forms and teaching methods based on the concept of mobility. Within this approach, the leading learning tools of bachelors of electromechanics are mobile Internet devices (MID) – a multimedia mobile devices that provide wireless access to information and communication Internet services for collecting, organizing, storing, processing, transmitting, presenting all kinds of messages and data. The authors reveals the main possibilities of using MID in learning to ensure equal access to education, personalized learning, instant feedback and evaluating learning outcomes, mobile learning, productive use of time spent in classrooms, creating mobile learning communities, support situated learning, development of continuous seamless learning, ensuring the gap between formal and informal learning, minimize educational disruption in conflict and disaster areas, assist learners with disabilities, improve the quality of the communication and the management of institution, and maximize the cost-efficiency. Bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects is a personal and vocational ability, which includes a system of knowledge, skills, experience in learning and research activities on modeling mechatronic systems and a positive value attitude towards it; bachelor of electromechanics should be ready and able to use methods and software/hardware modeling tools for processes analyzes, systems synthesis, evaluating their reliability and effectiveness for solving practical problems in professional field. The competency structure of the bachelor of electromechanics in the modeling of technical objects is reflected in three groups of competencies: general scientific, general professional and specialized professional. The implementation of the technique of using MID in learning bachelors of electromechanics in modeling of technical objects is the appropriate methodic of using, the component of which is partial methods for using MID in the formation of the general scientific component of the bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects, are disclosed by example academic disciplines “Higher mathematics”, “Computers and programming”, “Engineering mechanics”, “Electrical machines”. The leading tools of formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects are augmented reality mobile tools (to visualize the objects’ structure and modeling results), mobile computer mathematical systems (universal tools used at all stages of modeling learning), cloud based spreadsheets (as modeling tools) and text editors (to make the program description of model), mobile computer-aided design systems (to create and view the physical properties of models of technical objects) and mobile communication tools (to organize a joint activity in modeling).
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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, Ariel Shabtay, Joshuah Miron, Yoav Aharoni, Luis Tedeschi, and Ilan Halachmi. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.

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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. role of FLS3 and BSK830 in pattern-triggered immunity in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604270.bard.

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Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) located on the plant cell surface initiate immune responses by perceiving conserved pathogen molecules known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PRRs typically function in multiprotein complexes that include transmembrane and cytoplasmickinases and contribute to the initiation and signaling of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). An important challenge is to identify molecular components of PRR complexes and downstream signaling pathways, and to understand the molecular mechanisms that mediate their function. In research activities supported by BARD-4931, we studied the role of the FLAGELLIN SENSING 3 (FLS3) PRR in the response of tomato leaves to flagellin-derivedPAMPs and PTI. In addition, we investigated molecular properties of the tomato brassinosteroid signaling kinase 830 (BSK830) that physically interacts with FLS3 and is a candidate for acting in the FLS3 signaling pathway. Our investigation refers to the proposal original objectives that were to: 1) Investigate the role of FLS3 and its interacting proteins in PTI; 2) Investigate the role of BSK830 in PTI; 3) Examine molecular and phosphorylation dynamics of the FLS3-BSK830 interaction; 4) Examine the possible interaction of FLS3 and BSK830 with Pstand Xcveffectors. We used CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to develop plants carrying single or combined mutations in the FLS3 gene and in the paralogsFLS2.1 and FLS2.2 genes, which encode the receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2), and analyzed their function in PTI. Domain swapping analysis of the FLS2 and FLS3 receptors revealed domains of the proteins responsible for PAMP detection and for the different ROS response initiated by flgII-28/FLS3 as compared to flg22/FLS2. In addition, in vitro kinase assays and point mutations analysis identified FLS2 and FLS3 domains required for kinase activity and ATP binding. In research activities on tomato BSK830, we found that it interacts with PRRs and with the co-receptor SERK3A and PAMP treatment affects part of these interactions. CRISPR/Cas9 bsk830 mutant plants displayed enhanced pathogen susceptibility and reduced ROS production upon PAMP treatment. In addition, BSK830 interacted with 8 Xanthomonastype III secreted effectors. Follow up analysis revealed that among these effectors XopAE is part of an operon, is translocated into plant cells, and displays E3 ubiquitinligase activity. Our investigation was also extended to other Arabidopsis and tomato BSK family members. Arabidopsis BSK5 localized to the plant cell periphery, interacted with receptor-like kinases, and it was phosphorylatedin vitro by the PEPR1 and EFRPRRs. bsk5 mutant plants displayed enhanced susceptibility to pathogens and were impaired in several, but not all, PAMP-induced responses. Conversely, BSK5 overexpression conferred enhanced disease resistance and caused stronger PTI responses. Genetic complementation suggested that proper localization, kinase activity, and phosphorylation by PRRs are critical for BSK5 function. BSK7 and BSK8 specifically interacted with the FLS2 PRR, their respective mutant plants were more susceptible to B. cinereaand displayed reduced flg22-induced responses. The tomato BSK Mai1 was found to interact with the M3KMAPKKK, which is involved in activation of cell death associated with effector-triggered immunity. Silencing of Mai1 in N. benthamianaplants compromised cell death induced by a specific class of immune receptors. In addition, co-expression of Mai1 and M3Kin leaves enhanced MAPKphosphorylation and cell death, suggesting that Mai1 acts as a molecular link between pathogen recognition and MAPK signaling. Finally, We identified the PP2C phosphatase Pic1 that acts as a negative regulator of PTI by interacting with and dephosphorylating the receptor-like cytoplasmickinase Pti1, which is a positive regulator of plant immunity. The results of this investigation shed new light on the molecular characteristics and interactions of components of the immune system of crop plants providing new knowledge and tools for development of novel strategies for disease control.
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