Relevant bibliographies by topics / Physical activity behaviour

Academic literature on the topic 'Physical activity behaviour'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Physical activity behaviour"

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Zwolinsky, Stephen, Jim McKenna, Andy Pringle, Paul Widdop, Claire Griffiths, Michelle Mellis, Zoe Rutherford, and Peter Collins. "Sedentary Behaviour And Physical Activity." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000487340.47625.cb.

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Palatini, Paolo. "Blood Pressure Behaviour During Physical Activity." Sports Medicine 5, no. 6 (June 1988): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198805060-00002.

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Ashe, Maureen C. "Physical Activity and Workplace Sedentary Behaviour." Physiotherapy Canada 64, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ptc.64.1.ge1.

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Rudez, M., and K. Luten. "ActiveSmart physical activity behaviour change program." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 18 (December 2014): e66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.294.

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Lynch, M., A. Longo, and W. Hutchinson. "Choice preference and physical activity behaviour." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 65, Suppl 2 (September 1, 2011): A36—A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2011.143586.82.

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Eggermont, Laura H. P., and Erik J. A. Scherder. "Physical activity and behaviour in dementia." Dementia 5, no. 3 (August 2006): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301206067115.

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Pongiglione, Benedetta, Margaret L. Kern, J. D. Carpentieri, H. Andrew Schwartz, Neelaabh Gupta, and Alissa Goodman. "Do children’s expectations about future physical activity predict their physical activity in adulthood?" International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 1749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa131.

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Abstract Background Much of the population fails to meet recommended physical activity (PA) levels, but there remains considerable individual variation. By understanding drivers of different trajectories, interventions can be better targeted and more effective. One such driver may be a person’s physical activity identity (PAI)—the extent to which a person perceives PA as central to who they are. Methods Using survey information and a unique body of essays written at age 11 from the National Child Development Study (N = 10 500), essays mentioning PA were automatically identified using the machine learning technique support vector classification and PA trajectories were estimated using latent class analysis. Analyses tested the extent to which childhood PAI correlated with activity levels from age 23 through 55 and with trajectories across adulthood. Results 42.2% of males and 33.5% of females mentioned PA in their essays, describing active and/or passive engagement. Active PAI in childhood was correlated with higher levels of activity for men but not women, and was correlated with consistently active PA trajectories for both genders. Passive PAI was not related to PA for either gender. Conclusions This study offers a novel approach for analysing large qualitative datasets to assess identity and behaviours. Findings suggest that at as young as 11 years old, the way a young person conceptualizes activity as part of their identity has a lasting association with behaviour. Still, an active identity may require a supportive sociocultural context to manifest in subsequent behaviour.
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Hagger, Martin, Lorraine Cale, and Len Almond. "Children's Physical Activity Levels and Attitudes Towards Physical Activity." European Physical Education Review 3, no. 2 (October 1997): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x9700300205.

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This study investigated the relationship between attitude towards physical activity and physical activity behaviour and the influence of gender and season on physical activity level in 45 primary school children, aged 9 to 11 years. Attitudes towards physical activity were assessed using two different theoretical approaches: the children's attitudes towards physical activity (CATPA) inventory and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) questionnaire. Physical activity behaviour was measured using Cale's (1994) self-report measure of physical activity. Approximately 50% of the children were categorised as 'inactive' based on cut-off points developed by Blair (1984). A 2 x 2 (gender x season) factorial analysis of variance showed that children partici pated in more moderate physical activity in the summer than in the winter (F(1,44) = 6.29, p<.05) but there were no gender differences in physical activity levels. Descriptive statistics for the CATPA inventory showed that children generally exhibited positive attitudes towards physical activity. Mann-Whitney U tests for two independent samples revealed significant differences between the high-active and low-active children for the catharsis, health and fitness, vertigo and aesthetic subdomains from the CATPA inventory (p<.05). None of the TRA variables showed any significant differences for activity level. Present results suggest that some attitude variables from the CATPA inventory differ according to children's physical activity levels and thereby emphasise the need for physical educators to foster positive attitudes towards physical activity in order to encourage children to adopt and maintain healthy and active lifestyles.
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ter Hoeve, Nienke, Maria Ekblom, Maria R. Galanti, Yvonne Forsell, and Carla F. J. Nooijen. "Unfavourable sedentary and physical activity behaviour before and after retirement: a population-based cohort study." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e037659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037659.

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BackgroundDuring transition to retirement there is often a rearrangement of daily life which might provide a key opportunity for interventions to promote a non-sedentary and active lifestyle. To be able to design effective interventions, it is essential to know which sedentary and physical behaviour domains (eg, at home or during leisure time) have potential to facilitate healthy ageing during the retirement transition.ObjectiveTo determine whether unfavourable sedentary and physical activity behaviour before retirement predict unfavourable sedentary and physical activity behaviour after retirement.DesignPopulation-based cohort.Setting and participantsAdults (n=3272) employed in 2010 but retired in 2014.MethodsSelf-reported preretirement job activity, sedentary leisure time, physical activity at home, and walking-cycling and exercise were assessed as predictors for unfavourable sedentary and physical activity behaviours after retirement using logistic regression. Unfavourable behaviours were defined based on the respective median of the cohort distribution. Furthermore, the OR for having multiple unfavourable behaviours after retirement was determined, based on the amount of unfavourable behaviours before retirement. All models were adjusted for gender and education.ResultsUnfavourable preretirement physical activity and sedentary behaviour at home or during leisure time were the strongest predictors of the same behaviours after retirement. Unfavourable job activity did not predict physical activity but did predict unfavourable sedentary behaviour after retirement (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.96). Unfavourable exercise behaviour before retirement predicted unfavourable sedentary and physical activity after retirement in all domains. With all behaviours being unfavourable before retirement, the OR of having at least three unfavourable behaviours after retirement was 36.7 (95% CI 16.8 to 80.5).ConclusionsAdults with a higher number of unfavourable preretirement physical activity and sedentary behaviours are likely to carry these unfavourable behaviours into retirement age. Interventions should target those with more unfavourable preretirement physical activity and sedentary behaviours before retirement, and those interventions focusing on exercise might have greatest potential.
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Pfeffer, I., E. Hummel, and P. Wagner. "Psychology of physical activity behaviour and health." International Journal of Physical Education 52, no. 2 (2015): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2747-6073-2015-2-14.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physical activity behaviour"

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Clarke, Kerry. "Physical activity referral schemes : adherence and physical activity behaviour change." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2013. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/7483/.

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It is well known that engaging in physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of developing non-communicable diseases and improves general health. However, at the time of this research, less than half of the UK population met the recommended levels of PA (DH, 2010). Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are one of the interventions available in primary care (NICE, 2006a) for disease prevention and health improvement, despite a high dropout rate (Gidlow, 2005) and unknown long-term effectiveness (Pavey et al., 2011). The main aim of the four studies presented in this thesis was to explore the adherence and behaviour change towards PARS in Northamptonshire. The first study measured the long-term change in PA levels after participation in Activity on Referral (AOR). The key outcome was a significant increase in self-reported long-term PA levels (mean difference 1000 MET minutes/week) for 105 adhering participants from a total of 2228 participants. One in every 21 referred individuals self-reported an increase in PA at 12 months. To explore the high levels of non-adherence, an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA; Smith, 1996) was conducted with seven non-adhering AOR participants. The findings showed that being listened to at the point of referral, a range of positive experiences during the induction, alternative opportunities to increase activity, and potential to re-engage in PARS were some of the factors that enhanced adherence. Even though currently the key behaviour change measure for a PA intervention is an increase in PA, there is no gold standard self-reporting PA measure. Therefore, the third study was a comparison that tested the applicability of the new General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ) and the internationally validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The GPPAQ is recommended to be used as a screening tool by health professionals for the latest PARS called Let‟s Get Moving (LGM). There was a significantly weak association between IPAQ and GPPAQ. Hence, the GPPAQ is only recommended to be used as a PA screening tool and not for evaluating PA levels for PARS research studies. The final study was based on the new LGM physical activity care pathway which included a brief intervention using Motivational Interviewing (MI), a communication style that elicits the individuals‟ ambivalence regarding PA. Eight out of 21 participants self-reported a PA increase at 6 months and the MI used during the PARS was coded at beginner level. The two PARS included in this thesis were compared for adherence; LGM adherence was 65% compared to 23% AOR adherence at 3 months. In conclusion, this research has demonstrated that PA levels do increase for PARS participants in the long term, but the dropout rate can be concerning. By using a mixed-methods approach, the lived experience of participants enhances the understanding of reasons behind non-adherence. The comparative study involving LGM and AOR samples showed that interventions with elements of MI might be a better investment of commissioned resources.
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Garnham-Lee, Katy P. "Predicting physical activity behaviour across early adolescence." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35275.

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Physical activity (PA) has been labelled the miracle drug (Pimlott, 2010) and participating in regular PA has ample physical and mental wellbeing benefits. However, physical inactivity remains a critical public health concern, particularly across adolescence. In England the proportion of adolescents aged 13-15 years meeting the recommended guidelines for PA decreased significantly from those at a younger age (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2009; 2012; 2015). The adolescent years (13 18 years) have been identified as the age of greatest decline in PA, although it is possible that large declines can also be seen at younger ages (Sallis, 2000). Among girls the decline in PA is greater at younger ages (9 12 years old) and among boys it is greater at older ages (13 16 years old) (Dumith, Gigante, Domingues, & Kohl, 2011). Thus, examining behaviour of early adolescents (aged 11-13 years) is a primary focus of this thesis. Researchers have called for a more comprehensive grasp of PA correlates and determinants and their impact on behaviour (Biddle & Mutrie, 2001, 2008). This broader picture needs to incorporate longitudinal study designs to accurately portray developmental changes (Evenson & Mota, 2011). This thesis aims to work towards a better understanding of associations among variables across aspects of the ecological model in relation to PA behaviour during early adolescence. Early adolescents within their first year of secondary school (year 7, aged 11 12 years) were recruited through schools across the East Midlands, United Kingdom (UK). These participants completed various measures across an 18 month period to compile all data required for the thesis. The thesis begins with a focus on active transport as a means of commuting to school which can significantly contribute to overall PA levels (Aibar, Bois, Generelo, Bengoechea, & Paillard, 2015; Slingerland, Borghouts, & Hesselink, 2012). The distance from home to school is an important influence on the decision to use active transport; however, ecological perspectives would suggest this variable may interact with individual, interpersonal and environmental factors. Therefore, the first study of this thesis investigates whether the relationship between distance to school and active transport is moderated by (i) gender, (ii) biological maturation, (iii) perceived family support for PA and (iv) multiple deprivation. Cross-sectional results from the baseline data collected demonstrated that the relationship between distance to school and the likelihood to actively travel to school is moderated by biological maturation, multiple deprivation and family support of PA in adolescents. Further analysis revealed that late-maturing children, those from less socio-economically deprived backgrounds and children with low family support of PA are less likely to actively commute to school as distance to school increases. Due to the interaction between these variables described above, the second study focused on the variables collectively using a person-oriented approach, which aimed to classify distinct profiles of early adolescents based on correlates of PA. The outcome variables were also broadened to include active transport and overall PA across two time points. Findings from this second study illustrate that the highly supported, shortest commuters produced the highest levels of self-reported PA and that affluent, short commuters were the most likely to use active transport to travel to school. The affluent, short commuters lived a relatively short distance to school in areas of the lowest deprivation and had relative moderate family support of PA. The highly supported, shortest commuters were characterised by the highest family support of PA and lived the shortest distance to school in areas of low deprivation. Study 1 evidenced an association between biological maturation and PA behaviour; however, study 2 displayed that biological maturation did not meaningfully contribute to the class characteristics, and were not a predictor of PA. Previous evidence as to whether early, average or late maturing adolescents are more likely to disengage from PA is mixed and tends to focus on one gender only (Sherar, Cumming, Eisenmann, Baxter-Jones, & Malina 2010; Bacil, Mazzardo, Rech, Legnani, & Campos, 2015). Thus for the third study a more focused inspection of biological maturity was undertaken. Biological maturity status was investigated as a predictor of PA behaviour at two subsequent time points (6 9 months after baseline and 12 18 months after baseline) and whether there was variation across genders. Findings displayed that biological maturity status does not predict subsequent PA, with no distinction across genders. To conclude, the final study examined additional forms of PA behaviour. For children to develop and maintain healthy PA behaviours, their PA during the school day, particularly during physical education (P.E) classes is important (Owen, Smith, Lubans, Ng, & Lonsdale, 2014). Self-reported PA was divided into school-time PA (during P.E. lessons, break and lunchtimes) and leisure-time PA (after school, during evenings and weekends). The final study fully utilised the longitudinal data collected and utilised longitudinal growth modelling to describe the changes in PA behaviour across 12-18 months during early adolescence. Results displayed that school-time PA and leisure-time PA are distinct. Males; those from less deprived backgrounds and individuals with higher family support of PA all separately reported more school-time PA than their counterparts (females, those from higher deprived backgrounds and individuals with lower family support of PA) at baseline. Males and those with higher family support of PA also reported more leisure-time PA than their respective counterparts at baseline. On average, both genders decreased in school-time PA across 18 months yet for leisure-time PA, on average, there was no change over time and no significant difference in the rate of change between genders. There were no observed significant differences in the rate of change between multiple deprivation status and biological maturation across the 18 months for both behaviours. For family support, on average school-time PA decreased over time and results showed significant difference in the rate of change between individuals with lower or higher levels of family support of PA across the 18 months. On average, there was no change over time for leisure-time PA yet there was a significant difference in the rate of change between individuals and their family support of PA across 18 months. Further analysis demonstrated if an individual s family support increases, so does their leisure-time PA and vice versa. These overall key findings demonstrate the complexity of PA behaviour throughout early adolescence. This thesis works towards predicting individuals, correlates and determinants that may be susceptible to physical inactivity and/or a decrease in activity over time. Results can be used to target and direct PA intervention work.
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Gunnell, Katie Elizabeth. "Psychological need satisfaction in physical activity : Implications for well-being and physical activity behaviour." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45108.

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Within Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2002) the satisfaction of competence, autonomy, and relatedness needs are thought to directly predict psychological well-being and behavioural outcomes (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The purpose of this program of research was to examine the role of psychological need satisfaction in association with psychological well-being and physical activity in participants drawn from the general population. Study 1 examined aspects of score validity and reliability for an instrument modified to assess psychological need satisfaction in physical activity contexts. Results of this investigation supported the merit of the modified instrument for use in the general population. Study 2 supported a sequence based on 3 mini-theories within SDT wherein changes in relative intrinsic goals → changes in motivation → psychological need satisfaction → changes in well-being and physical activity behaviour over 6 months. Examination of the indirect effects highlighted the role of psychological need satisfaction as potential mediators within this sequence of SDT. Next, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effect of a best possible physical activity self writing intervention on outcomes such as psychological need satisfaction, exercise self-schema, well-being, and physical activity behaviour. Study 3 was conducted using baseline data from the intervention to examine the indirect effect of psychological need satisfaction in the relationship between exercise self-schema and well-being/physical activity. Results from study 3 suggested that satisfaction of all 3 psychological needs mediated the link between descriptive exercise self-schema and well-being and that competence produced an indirect effect between descriptive exercise self-schema and physical activity. Results from the intervention investigation (study 4) revealed that a once a week writing intervention over 4 weeks increased participants’ positive affect at post-test relative to the control group; however, the intervention was largely unsuccessful at increasing psychological need satisfaction, exercise self-schema, well-being and physical activity across post-test and 1-month follow-up. Taken together, the results from the four studies in this program of research highlight the salience of psychological need satisfaction in physical activity contexts and their potential mediational role between antecedents such as goals, motivation, and self-schema and consequences such as well-being and physical activity.
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Mansoubi, Maedeh. "Sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adults : measurement and behaviour change." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19986.

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The increasing evidence of associations between sedentary behaviour and low levels of physical activity in adults and both immediate and long term health implications is of public health concern. There is a need to further our understanding of adult's health behaviours, to facilitate the development of behaviour change strategies promoting healthy behaviours. This thesis provides four independent but interlinked studies focusing on adult s sedentary behaviour and physical activity in the context of measurement and behaviour change. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the thesis where the scene is set for the placement of the studies in this thesis in the field of sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and measurement methods. Chapter 2 describes a systematic review of the relationship between sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adults. This systematic review is of primary importance as it was instrumental in shaping and informing the direction of the research described in later chapters. Chapter 3 describes a laboratory study investigating the measurement of energy expenditure during common sitting and standing tasks and also examines the 1.5 MET definition of sedentary behaviour. This study provides evidence that the 1.5 MET threshold for sedentary behaviours seems reasonable however some sitting-based activities may be classified as non-sedentary in people of differing weight status. This study raised some important questions on the validity of objective measurement devices for differentiating between sitting and standing postures. Thus, Chapter 4 of this thesis describes a laboratory study investigating the validity of the ActiGraph inclinometer algorithms for differentiating between sitting and standing postures. Chapter 5 is an intervention investigating sedentary behavior and physical activity compensation outside working hours in a sample of office workers exposed to sit-to-stand desks in the workplace. This thesis found that light physical activity, especially standing, could be one of the most efficient and feasible behaviours to replace sedentary behaviour. Such findings add considerably to the existing literature. Targeting such facets of adults behaviour and specially office workers holds great potential for behaviour change strategies.
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Spörndly-Nees, Søren. "Physical activity and eating behaviour in sleep disorders." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-308395.

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Sleep-disordered breathing and insomnia are common sleep disorders and associated with an increased risk of morbidity. The aim of this thesis was to study the contribution of a behavioural sleep medicine perspective on sleep-disordered breathing and insomnia. More specific, factors considered important for changing eating behaviour and the impact of physical activity were studied. Methods: In study I, semi-structured interviews of participants with obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity (n = 15) were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. A population-based female cohort was followed prospectively over ten years in study II and III using a postal questionnaire on two occasions (n = 4,851 and n = 5062, respectively). In study IV, a series of five experimental single-case studies was conducted testing how an aerobic exercise intervention affected selected typical snores, following an A1B1A2B2A3 design over nine days and nights (n = 5). Results:  Facilitators and barriers towards eating behaviour change were identified. A low level of self-reported leisure-time physical activity was a risk factor among women for future habitual snoring complaints, independent of weight, weight gain alcohol dependence or smoking. Maintaining higher levels or increasing levels of leisure-time physical activity over the ten-year period partly protected from snoring complaints (study II). Further, a low level of self-reported leisure-time physical activity is a risk factor for future insomnia among women. Maintaining higher levels or increasing levels of leisure-time physical activity over the ten-year period partly protect against self-reported insomnia, independent of psychological distress, age, change in body mass index, smoking, alcohol dependence, snoring status or level of education (study III). Single bouts of aerobic exercise did not produce an acute effect on snoring the following nights in the studied individuals. A pronounced night-to-night variation in snoring was identified (study IV). Conclusion: Women with sleep disorders would benefit from a behavioural sleep medicine perspective targeting their physical activity in the prevention and management of snoring and insomnia. This is motivated by the protective effects of physical activity confirmed by this thesis. Knowledge was added about facilitators and barriers for future eating behaviour change interventions.
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McParlin, Catherine. "Physical activity behaviour in overweight and obese pregnant women." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2996.

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Background: Increasing physical activity (PA) may help to reduce the risk of obesity related pregnancy complications. However little is known about the amount, type and intensity of PA obese pregnant women engage in, or the most appropriate measurement method. Previous research suggests that obese pregnant women receive limited advice concerning PA from midwives. Objectives: To investigate the amount of PA carried out by this population and how this changes during pregnancy, to compare measurement methods, and to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practice of midwives surrounding PA. Methods: 1. 130 pregnant women, BMI≥25kg/m2, consented to PA measurement at 2 or 3 time points using the Actigraph accelerometer and Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire. 2. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to midwives within 3 NHS Trusts on Tyneside (n=365) with the aim of identifying barriers to discussing and advising PA with obese pregnant women. The design used the Theoretical Domains Framework approach which uses behavioural determinants to investigate implementation difficulties. Results: 1. At 12-16 weeks gestation over half of the participants achieved 30 minutes of moderate or vigorous PA, decreasing by 36 weeks to 24%. Women who were more active at baseline decreased their PA during pregnancy; those who were less active remained so. Self-reported PA also fell but did not correlate with objectively measured PA. 2. Midwives scored highest on knowledge and social-professional role and lowest on skills, capabilities and environment/context/resources domains. Regression analysis indicated that skills and memory/attention/decision domains had a significant influence on discussing PA. Conclusion: Research is needed to find methods to encourage obese women to increase and maintain PA levels before and during pregnancy, and to find the most appropriate PA measurement methods. Midwives feel knowledgeable and believe giving PA advice to be part of their role, but lack skills, capabilities and resources. Strategies to remove such barriers are needed.
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Brunet, Jennifer. "Self-presentation among breast cancer survivors:implications for physical activity behaviour." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106243.

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This research program involved three studies. Study one was a qualitative study, grounded in constructivist epistemology, in which semi-structured interviews with 11 breast cancer survivors were conducted to better understand women's perceptual, attitudinal/cognitive, affective, and behavioural experiences with their changed physique following treatment for breast cancer. Appearance was important to these women. They had negative perceptions of their changed physique and this evoked primarily negative emotions. These women engaged in appearance management strategies to camouflage the unwanted side effects of cancer treatments and used diet and physical activity to try to alter their physique. Study two involved the completion of a self-administered questionnaire package. The objectives were to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Self-Presentation in Exercise Questionnaire (SPEQ), examine the cross-sectional relationships between self-presentation processes and physical activity behaviour among breast cancer survivors, and determine if social cognitive constructs moderate these relationships. The SPEQ was best represented as a two-factor oblique model with impression motivation and impression construction factors. Impression motivation related to breast cancer survivors' physical activity behaviour, and self-presentation efficacy and outcome value moderated this relationship. Study three involved the completion of a self-administered questionnaire package three times over the span of six months. The objectives were to describe naturally occurring changes in breast cancer survivors' self-presentation processes and physical activity over a period of six-months, evaluate the associations between cancer-specific factors and self-presentation processes, and physical activity behaviour, and disentangle the within- and between-person effects of impression motivation and impression construction on physical activity behaviour. In general, self-presentation processes remained stable over time, whereas physical activity levels changed over time. Women who had received radiotherapy reported lower levels of impression motivation and impression construction, whereas women who had received chemotherapy reported higher levels of impression motivation. Last, self-presentation processes had both within- and between-person effects on physical activity behaviour. Collectively, this program of research provides evidence that researchers and health care providers who work with women should be cognizant of the impact that the physical changes following breast cancer may have on them and help them develop positive attitudes toward their bodies. It also provides insight into the relationships between self-presentation processes and physical activity behaviour, and identified potential moderators that are essential to helping understand these associations. These findings can be used to provide researchers with information that will assist in the development of theoretically and empirically based interventions aimed at increasing physical activity levels in this population.
Ce programme de recherche a été conçu en trois études. La première était une étude qualitative, fondée sur le courant constructiviste de l'épistémologie, au cours de laquelle des entretiens semi-structurés ont été réalisés auprès de 11 survivantes du cancer du sein pour mieux comprendre les expériences perceptives, attitudinales/cognitives, affectives et comportementales en ce qui a trait aux changements physiques qui ont suivi les traitements pour le cancer du sein. L'apparence était importante pour les survivantes du cancer du sein de l'étude. Elles ont manifesté des perceptions négatives à propos des changements de leur corps et ceci a suscité essentiellement des émotions négatives. Ces femmes ont eu recours à une gestion de stratégies pour préserver leur apparence afin de camoufler les effets secondaires indésirables subvenus à la suite des traitements pour le cancer et elles ont tenté de modifier leur physique en suivant des diètes et en pratiquant de l'activité physique. L'étude deux consistait à remplir une série de questionnaires autoadministrés. Les objectifs étaient d'évaluer des propriétés psychométriques du Self-Presentation in Exercise Questionnaire (SPEQ), d'examiner les relations transversales entre les processus de présentation de soi et la pratique d'activités physiques chez les survivantes du cancer du sein, et de vérifier si les variables sociocognitives ont un effet modérateur sur ces relations. Le SPEQ était bien représenté en tant que modèle à deux facteurs obliques qui mesurent le processus par lequel les personnes contrôlent les impressions que les autres ont à leur égard. L'intérêt que les survivantes du cancer du sein portaient à la façon dont les autres les percevaient et les évaluaient était en lien avec leur pratique d'activités physiques. De plus, la perception d'efficacité et la valorisation de la présentation de soi ont modéré cette relation. La troisième étude consistait à remplir un ensemble de questionnaires autoadministrés à trois reprises au cours d'une période de six mois. Les objectifs étaient de décrire les changements naturels des processus de présentation de soi et la pratique d'activités physiques chez des survivantes du cancer du sein lors d'une période de six mois, d'évaluer les associations entre les facteurs liés au cancer, les processus de présentation de soi et la pratique d'activités physiques, et de discerner les relations des processus de présentation de soi, aux niveaux personnel et interpersonnel, en lien avec l'activité physique. En général, au cours du temps, les processus de présentation de soi sont demeurés stables alors que les niveaux d'activité physique ont changé. Les femmes qui ont reçu de la radiothérapie ont déclaré des niveaux d'intérêts plus bas à la façon dont les autres les perçoivent et elles ont utilisé moins de stratégies pour se présenter aux autres de façon positive. En revanche, les femmes qui ont reçu de la chimiothérapie ont utilisé davantage de stratégies. Finalement, les processus de présentation de soi ont montré à la fois des effets, tant au niveau personnel qu'interpersonnel, sur la pratique d'activités physiques. En conclusion, dans l'ensemble, ce projet de recherche démontre que les chercheurs et les professionnels de la santé qui travaillent auprès des femmes devraient connaitre l'impact que les changements physiques après un cancer du sein peuvent avoir sur celles-ci et ils devraient les aider à développer des attitudes positives envers leur corps. Aussi, ce projet de recherche donne un aperçu des relations entre les processus de présentation de soi et la pratique d'activités physiques et il détermine les modérateurs potentiels qui sont essentiels pour aider à la compréhension de ces associations. Ces résultats peuvent être utilisés pour renseigner et guider les chercheurs à concevoir des interventions théoriques et empiriques dans le but d'augmenter les niveaux d'activité physique chez cette population.
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Kelly, Louise A. "Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in young children." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1521/.

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Study 1: Aims: Compare the uniaxial MTI/CSA accelerometer and the biaxial Actiwatch accelerometer against direct observation of total physical activity and minute-by-minute physical activity in 3-4 year olds. Methods: MTI/CSA-7164 and Actiwatch accelerometers simultaneously measured activity during 35-45 minute sessions of structured play in 78, 3-4 year olds. Rank order correlations between accelerometry and direct observation were used to assess the ability of the accelerometers to assess total activity. Within-child minute-by-minute correlations were calculated between accelerometry output and direct observation. Results: For assessment of total activity MTI/CSA output was significantly positively correlated with direct observation (r 0.72, p<0.001), Actiwatch was not (r 0.16, p>0.05). Conclusion: The present study suggests that for epidemiological assessment of total physical activity in young children the MTI/CSA-7164 provides greater accuracy than the Actiwatch. Study 2: Aim: To cross-validate the 1100 counts/ minute cut-off for the assessment of sedentary behaviour in an independent sample of young children using the MTI/CSA accelerometer. Methods: A previously developed cut-off for MTI-CSA accelerometry output (validation study) in 30 healthy Scottish 3-4 year olds, was cross-validated against direct observation in an independent sample of (n = 52) healthy Scottish 3-4 year olds. Results: In the cross-validation study sensitivity was 83%: 438/528 inactive minutes were correctly classified. Specificity was 82%: 1251/1526 non-inactive minutes were correctly classified using this cut-off. Conclusion: Sedentary behaviour can be quantified objectively in young children using accelerometry.
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Aznar, Lain Susana. "Environmental and significant others' influences on children's physical activity behaviour." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262816.

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Hemmingsson, Erik. "Physical activity in severely obese adults : behaviour and risk outcomes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404298.

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Books on the topic "Physical activity behaviour"

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1971-, Sallybanks Jo, Willis Katie 1969-, and Australian Institute of Criminology, eds. Sport, physical activity and antisocial behaviour in youth. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2003.

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Europe, World Health Organization Regional Office for. Addressing the socioeconomic determinants of healthy eating habits and physical activity levels among adolescents. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2006.

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Gregory, Heath, and Lee I-Min, eds. Physical activity epidemiology. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2013.

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Lavay, Barry Wayne. Positive behavior management in physical activity settings. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2015.

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W, French Ronald, Henderson Hester, and Lavay Barry Wayne, eds. Positive behavior management in physical activity settings. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2006.

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Kanosue, Kazuyuki, Satomi Oshima, Zhen-Bo Cao, and Koichiro Oka, eds. Physical Activity, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior and Health. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55333-5.

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Physical activity and public health practice. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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A, Hausenblas Heather, and Estabrooks Paul A, eds. The psychology of physical activity. Boston: McGraw-Hill Co., 2003.

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Cheung, Lilian W. Y., 1951-, Richmond Julius B. 1916-, and Harvard Conference on Nutrition and Physical Activity of Children and Youth (1991), eds. Child health, nutrition, and physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1995.

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Lindsey, Dugdill, Crone Diane, and Murphy Rebecca, eds. Physical activity and health promotion: Evidence-based approaches to practice. Chichester, West Sussex: Blackwell, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physical activity behaviour"

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Biddle, Stuart J. H., Nanette Mutrie, Trish Gorely, and Guy Faulkner. "Psychology of Sedentary Behaviour." In Psychology of Physical Activity, 399–431. 4th ed. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003127420-19.

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Block, Martin E. "Adapted physical activity in physical education." In Understanding Motor Behaviour in Developmental Coordination Disorder, 119–36. First edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Current issues in developmental psychology: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315268231-8.

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Vermeer, A., J. Karssies, V. Bakx, and H. Cuperus. "Observation of Motor Behaviour in the Daily Life of Cerebral Palsied Children." In Adapted Physical Activity, 413–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74873-8_62.

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Chen, Liming, and Chris D. Nugent. "Human Centred Cyber Physical Systems." In Human Activity Recognition and Behaviour Analysis, 217–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19408-6_10.

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Biddle, Stuart J. H. "Sedentary Behaviour: Applying the Behavioural Epidemiological Framework." In Physical Activity, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior and Health, 71–77. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55333-5_7.

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Ridgers, Nicola D., and Simone J. J. M. Verswijveren. "Research into sedentary behaviour." In Research Methods in Physical Activity and Health, 147–56. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315158501-15.

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Houpt, Katherine. "Normal behaviour - dogs." In Small animal veterinary psychiatry, 78–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394552.0078.

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Abstract This chapter describes the social behaviour of dogs, human-dog interactions, physical activity, movement, communication and sensory abilities, sexual and maternal behaviours, feeding behaviour and temperament.
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Houpt, Katherine. "Normal behaviour - dogs." In Small animal veterinary psychiatry, 78–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394552.0005.

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Abstract This chapter describes the social behaviour of dogs, human-dog interactions, physical activity, movement, communication and sensory abilities, sexual and maternal behaviours, feeding behaviour and temperament.
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Onambele-Pearson, Gladys, Jodi Ventre, and Jon Adam Brown. "Reducing Sedentary Behaviour Among Older People." In The Palgrave Handbook of Ageing and Physical Activity Promotion, 653–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71291-8_32.

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Tulle, Emmanuelle. "Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: A Vital Politics of Old Age?" In Physical Activity and Sport in Later Life, 9–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-42932-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Physical activity behaviour"

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Mackney, Jennifer, Sue Jenkins, Daniel Robins, Ken Havill, Megan Harrold, and Kylie Hill. "Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in survivors of ARDS." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.oa481.

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Kari, Tuomas, and Petriina Rinne. "Influence of Digital Coaching on Physical Activity: Motivation and Behaviour of Physically Inactive Individuals." In 31st Bled eConference: Digital Transformation – From Connecting Things to Transforming Our Lives, June 17 – 20, 2018, Bled, Slovenia. Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru / University of Maribor Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-170-4.8.

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Irinel, Gresita Constantin. "USING PHYSICAL AND GEODETIC METHODS IN TRACKING THE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY BEHAVIOUR." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b22/s9.079.

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"Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in 11-12 Years-old Children." In International Congress on Cardiovascular Technologies. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004648100220026.

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Merilahti, Juho Markus, Ilkka Kimmo Korhonen, and Juha Pärkkä. "CONNECTIONS OF DAYTIME NAPPING AND VIGILANCE MEASURES TO ACTIVITY BEHAVIOUR AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING." In Biomedical Engineering. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.723-090.

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Merilahti, Juho, Juha Pärkkä, and Ilkka Korhonen. "Connections of Daytime Napping and Vigilance Measures to Activity Behaviour and Physical Functioning." In Biomedical Engineering. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.723-090.

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Davergne, T., A. Pallot, L. Gossec, and B. Fautrel. "THU0745-HPR Use of wearable activity trackers to improve physical activity behaviour in rheumatic conditions – a systematic review." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.5084.

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Fenton, SAM, JL Duda, JJ Veldhuijzen van Zanten, GS Metsios, PC Rouse, C.-A. Yu, and GD Kitas. "FRI0723 Temporal patterns of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.5901.

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Stevens, D., P. Andreou, and D. Rainham. "L6 Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting, Wednesday 17 to Friday 19 February 2021, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.408.

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Larkin, L., A. Fraser, S. Gallagher, and N. Kennedy. "THU0738-HPR Promoting physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis: developing a theory-based behaviour change intervention." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.1374.

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Reports on the topic "Physical activity behaviour"

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Capdevila, Lluis, Josep-Maria Losilla, Carla Alfonso, Tony Estrella, and Jaume F. Lalanza. Physical Activity and Planetary Health: a scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0028.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this scoping review is to scope the body of literature, clarify concepts, investigate research conduct and to identify knowledge gaps about the physical activity (PA) behavior in a context of planetary health. The proposed study will review the existing literature considering PA beyond the scope of mere health behaviour, focusing on its potential impacts on planetary health and sustainable development. We will differentiate the PA behavior of the PA facilities or context like green-space or blue-space. Specific objectives are to provide knowledge about: 1. Which PA behaviors are sustainable for the planet and which are not. 2. What are the characteristics of sustainable PA behaviors. 3. What are the positive and negative impacts of PA behaviors on planetary health. Condition being studied: In this case, it is studied how the active lifestyle and the practice of physical activities, exercise or sports of people affect planetary health.
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Lee, Yi Yi, Loubna Khaled Mohammed Al-Hajj, Hui Ying Chia, Khairil Shazmin Kamarudin, and Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adults in Asia: A Scoping Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0023.

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Review question / Objective: The overall aim of this scoping review is to scope the existing literature to identify the available evidence related to physical activity and sedentary behaviour among adults in Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Specific Objectives: 1. To study the types and duration of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. 2. To determine the types and duration of screen time during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. 3. To investigate the effects of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and screen time on health and health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. 4. To examine the breadth and the outcomes of studies investigating the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on physical activity and sedentary behaviour among adults. 5. To determine research gaps and future research needs related to physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
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Zeng, Lu, Kaixin Liang, Ran Bao, Aamir Raoof, Sitong Chen, and Xinli Chi. Associations between sleep, sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and mental health outcomes: a systematic review of studies using compositional data analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0018.

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SUN, JUNJIANG, GUOPING QIAN, Shuqi Yue, and Anna szumilewicz. Factors influencing physical activity in pregnant women from the perspective of a socio-ecological model: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0073.

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Review question / Objective: The main aim of this review is to analyse the impact factors of material physical activity in an ecological model and to analyse differences in influencing factors between pregnant women's PA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) , provide a reference for the research, intervention, and policy designation of maternal physical activity. Rationale: In combination with McLeroy et al. (1988)behavior is viewed as being determined by the following: (1) Personal level: the internal factors of the individual characteristics,(sociodemographic and biological, behavior, psychological ); (2) interpersonal level: interpersonal processes and primary groups-formal and informal social network and social support systems,(eg: family、public, etc.); (3)organization level: social institutions with organizational characteristics, such as health services, gyms and may also include influences from health care providers and Physical activity consultant, etc.; (4) community level: relationships among organizations, institutions, and informal networks within defined boundaries，（eg： appropriate facilities、living environment, etc.); and finally (5) public policy level: local, state, and national laws and policies.
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Li, Yinhua, Wanting Lan, and Xiaohui Hou. The effectiveness of physical activities on children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0034.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of different physical activity interventions and to determine which physical activity interventions are most effective for children with autism spectrum disorder. Condition being studied: Autism is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, characterized by early-onset difficulties in social communication and unusually restricted, repetitive behavior and interests. Autism affects more male than female individuals, and comorbidity is common (>70% have concurrent conditions). Exercise has increasingly emerged as one of the promising compensation methods that can positively affect autistic symptoms. The positive effects of various physical activity interventions have been reported, but it is unclear which interventions are most effective at improving symptoms of autism.
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Patston, L. L. M., A. N. Henry, M. McEwen, J. Mannion, and L. A. Ewens-Volynkina. Thinking While Standing: An exploratory study on the effect of standing on cognitive performance. Unitec ePress, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.32017.

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Sedentary behaviour is extremely prevalent in Western societies and is significantly associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality that cannot be mitigated by physical activity. The introduction of standing desks into the workplace offers a solution to this inactivity, but there is limited investigation regarding the effects of standing on cognition, which is a major consideration in much office-based work. In this study we aimed to provide an exploratory investigation on the effect on cognitive performance of standing while working. We tested 30 office-based adults on a battery of 19 cognitive tasks (tapping five cognitive domains) in a randomised, repeatedmeasures crossover design study. Two conditions (standing versus sitting) were investigated over two 7.5-hour work days including morning, midday and afternoon sessions (Time of Day). Effects were analysed using multivariate two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs (Condition by Time of Day) for five cognitive domains. Overall, after correcting for multiple comparisons, there were no differences in performance between sitting and standing. At an uncorrected level, however, significant effects of Condition were found in three of the 19 tasks, with all demonstrating better performance while standing. Importantly, these results suggest that there is no detriment to cognitive performance through standing. They also provide an initial indication that there may be cognitive benefits of standing in the attention and working memory domains, which may be a promising avenue for future inquiry.
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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.

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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, Ariel Shabtay, Joshuah Miron, Yoav Aharoni, Luis Tedeschi, and Ilan Halachmi. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.

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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.
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Jury, William A., and David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.

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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.
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Can boosting physical activity improve ADHD symptoms in preschoolers? ACAMH, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.12124.

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“Our study findings highlight the possibility that MVPA might be a tool that can be used to reduce preschoolers’ ADHD behaviours and associated impairments, especially for young children at risk for ADHD” Betsy Hoza.
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