Journal articles: 'Phylogeography – Western Australia – South-West'

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Byrne, M. "Phylogeography provides an evolutionary context for the conservation of a diverse and ancient flora." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (2007): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06072.

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Phylogeography can inform conservation strategies through assessment of genetic diversity that incorporates an evolutionary perspective, and allows evaluation within a geographical context, thus providing integration with other biogeographical information. Comparative phylogeography can identify significant historical processes that have had major influences on the biota and provides a historical context for understanding current species distributions. The phylogeographic patterns in the flora of south-western Australia are reviewed. Concordant patterns of lineage divergence in three unrelated taxa from separate families with widespread distributions indicate a common response to major historical processes involved in Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Identification of highly divergent haplotypes in some species indicates areas that may represent refugia during times of climatic instability. Analysis of phylogeographic patterns in the flora of south-western Australia has revealed the influence of historical climate change in promoting high phylogenetic diversity within species that is comparable to the high species diversity that is well known in the Western Australian flora. Knowledge of historical influences and species responses provides an evolutionary context for conservation management strategies that facilitate the continued action of dynamic evolutionary processes.

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Gouws, Gavin, Barbara A. Stewart, and Savel R. Daniels. "Phylogeographic structure of a freshwater crayfish (Decapoda:Parastacidae:Cherax preissii) in south-western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 8 (2006): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05248.

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Although phylogeographic patterns of freshwater decapods elsewhere in Australia are well documented, little is known of the phylogeography and biogeography of the endemic freshwater fauna of south-western Australia. Here, the phylogeographic structure of a freshwater crayfish, Cherax preissii Erichson, 1846, was investigated to determine contemporary and historical patterns of gene flow and to examined evolutionary and biogeographical scenarios. Allozyme and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial DNA data were collected from 15 populations, sampled across the known C. preissii distribution. Both markers revealed a clear distinction and separation among populations occurring in the north-western and southern portions of the distribution. Inferences of allopatric fragmentation and molecular dating attributed the divergence of the aquatic fauna of these regions to periods of Pliocene–Pleistocene aridity. Connectivity appeared to be greater within each of these regions. Evidence suggested contemporary, but not ongoing, gene flow, particularly within the southern region. This was possibly facilitated by dispersal during pluvial Pleistocene periods or drainage connectivity during episodic marine regressions. The divergence and distributions of these lineages parallels patterns seen in other freshwater crayfish of the region. More explicit investigation of these and further fine-scale phylogeographic studies may contribute to the understanding of biogeography and evolution in the south-west, and may further refine currently recognised biogeographical regions.

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Harms, Danilo, J. Dale Roberts, and Mark S. Harvey. "Climate variability impacts on diversification processes in a biodiversity hotspot: a phylogeography of ancient pseudoscorpions in south-western Australia." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 934–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz010.

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Abstract The south-western division of Australia is the only biodiversity hotspot in Australia and is well-known for extreme levels of local endemism. Climate change has been identified as a key threat for flora and fauna, but very few data are presently available to evaluate its impact on invertebrate fauna. Here, we derive a molecular phylogeography for pseudoscorpions of the genus Pseudotyrannochthonius that in the south-west are restricted to regions with the highest rainfall. A dated molecular phylogeny derived from six gene fragments is used for biogeographic reconstruction analyses, spatial mapping, environmental niche-modelling, and to infer putative species. Phylogenetic analyses uncover nine clades with mostly allopatric distributions and often small linear ranges between 0.5 and 130 km. Molecular dating suggests that the origins of contemporary diversity fall into a period of warm/humid Palaeogene climates, but splits in the phylogeny coincide with major environmental shifts, such as significant global cooling during the Middle Miocene. By testing several models of historical biogeography available for the south-west, we determine that Pseudotyrannochthonius is an ancient relict lineage that principally follows a model of allopatric speciation in mesic zone refugia, although there are derivations from this model in that some species are older and distribution patterns more complex than expected. Ecological niche models indicate that drier and warmer future climates will lead to range contraction towards refugia of highest rainfall, probably mimicking past variations that have generated high diversity in these areas. Their conservation management will be crucial for preserving the unique biodiversity heritage of the south-west.

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Cooper, Steven J. B., Kym Ottewell, Anna J. MacDonald, Mark Adams, Margaret Byrne, Susan M. Carthew, Mark D. B. Eldridge, et al. "Phylogeography of southern brown and golden bandicoots: implications for the taxonomy and distribution of endangered subspecies and species." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 6 (2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19052.

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Southern brown (Isoodon obesulus) and golden (Isoodon auratus) bandicoots are iconic Australian marsupials that have experienced dramatic declines since European settlement. Conservation management programs seek to protect the remaining populations; however, these programs are impeded by major taxonomic uncertainties. We investigated the history of population connectivity to inform subspecies and species boundaries through a broad-scale phylogeographic and population genetic analysis of Isoodon taxa. Our analyses reveal a major east–west phylogeographic split within I. obesulus/I. auratus, supported by both mtDNA and nuclear gene analyses, which is not coincident with the current species or subspecies taxonomy. In the eastern lineage, all Tasmanian samples formed a distinct monophyletic haplotype group to the exclusion of all mainland samples, indicative of long-term isolation of this population from mainland Australia and providing support for retention of the subspecific status of the Tasmanian population (I. o. affinis). Analyses further suggest that I. o. obesulus is limited to south-eastern mainland Australia, representing a significant reduction in known range. However, the analyses provide no clear consensus on the taxonomic status of bandicoot populations within the western lineage, with further analyses required, ideally incorporating data from historical museum specimens to fill distributional gaps.

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Wheeler, M. A., and M. Byrne. "Congruence between phylogeographic patterns in cpDNA variation in Eucalyptus marginata (Myrtaceae) and geomorphology of the Darling Plateau, south-west of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 1 (2006): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05086.

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Phylogeographic patterns in the cp genome of Eucalyptus marginata Don ex Sm., a species common in the mesic region of south-western Australia, were investigated by using RFLP analysis. The chloroplast diversity was structured into two geographically distinct lineages and nested clade analysis inferred historical fragmentation as the major influence on the phylogeographic pattern. The lineages were separated along the geomorphological boundary of the Darling Scarp, which separates the Coastal Plain from the Darling Plateau. The divergence between the lineages is consistent with uplifting of the Darling Plateau in the late Neogene. Further geographic structuring in haplotype distributions was evident in the forest lineage on the Darling Plateau, where one sublineage was present in the central forest region and another was restricted to the south-eastern region. The level of divergence between these sublineages was similar to that between divergent lineages that have been identified in comparative phylogeographic studies of cpDNA variation in three species widespread throughout south-western Australia. In these species, divergence was attributed to the influence of significant changes in climatic oscillations across the semi-arid region during the mid-Pleistocene. The divergence identified in this study indicates that the influence of climatic change was widespread throughout south-western Australia, including the mesic, higher-rainfall region.

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Colgan, D. J., D. O'Meally, and R. A. Sadlier. "Phylogeographic patterns in reptiles on the New England Tablelands at the south-western boundary of the McPherson Macleay Overlap." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 5 (2009): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08088.

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Phylogeographic studies of eastern Australia have generally supported earlier biogeographical studies based on taxon distributions by concurring in the placement of significant intraspecific boundaries. Such studies may potentially clarify biogeographic boundaries that are presently unclear, such as the poorly defined southern edges of the McPherson Macleay Overlap. Here we investigate reptile phylogeography in the northern tablelands of New South Wales to study the south-western boundaries of the Overlap as these are especially uncertain. Cytochrome b sequences from Ctenotus robustus, C. taeniolatus and Oedura lesueurii, three lizard species widespread across the New England Tablelands, were analysed by examining single-strand conformational polymorphism and DNA sequencing. In both O. lesueurii and C. taeniolatus most deeper nodes within species define geographically localised clades. This was not the case for C. robustus. Boundaries between sister-group clades were discovered in multiple locations in the region – between Glen Innes and Armidale, between Armidale and Tamworth and to the south of the Liverpool Plains. The boundaries in C. taeniolatus and O. lesueurii were probably formed in at least two different periods. The phylogeographic patterns may be partly explained by glacially induced aridity cycles in the early Pleistocene or before.

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Li, You, Melanie L. Lancaster, Susan M. Carthew, Jasmin G. Packer, and Steven J. B. Cooper. "Delineation of conservation units in an endangered marsupial, the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus), in South Australia/western Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 5 (2014): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14038.

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Conservation programs for threatened species are greatly benefiting from genetic data, for their power in providing knowledge of dispersal/gene flow across fragmented landscapes and for identifying populations of high conservation value. The endangered southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) has a disjunct distribution range in South Australia, raising the possibility that populations of the subspecies may represent distinct conservation units. In the current study, we used a combination of 14 microsatellite and two mitochondrial sequence markers to investigate the phylogeography and population structure of I. o. obesulus in South Australia and south-western Victoria, with the aim of identifying any potential evolutionarily significant units and management units relevant to conservation management. Our phylogenetic/population analyses supported the presence of two distinct evolutionary lineages of I. o. obesulus. The first lineage comprised individuals from the Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. A second lineage comprised individuals from the south-east of South Australia and south-western Victoria. We propose that these two lineages represent distinct evolutionarily significant units and should be managed separately for conservation purposes. The findings also raise significant issues for the national conservation status of I. o. obesulus and suggest that the current subspecies classification needs further investigation.

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Schwentner, Martin, and Gonzalo Giribet. "Phylogeography, species delimitation and population structure of a Western Australian short-range endemic mite harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones: Pettalidae: Karripurcellia)." Evolutionary Systematics 2, no. 1 (June 26, 2018): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.2.25274.

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The mite harvestmen of the genusKarripurcelliaGiribet, 2003 are endemic to the tall, wet eucalypt forests of south-western Western Australia, a region known as a hotspot for biodiversity. Currently, there are two accepted species,K.peckorumGiribet, 2003 andK.sierwaldaeGiribet, 2003, both with type localities within the Warren National Park. We obtained 65COImtDNA sequences from across the entire distributional range of the genus. These sequences, falling into two to three geographically separate groups, probably correspond to two species. Morphologically, all of the studied specimens correspond toK.peckorum, suggesting cryptic speciation within that species. A few common haplotypes occur in more than one population, but most haplotypes are confined to a single population. As a result, populations are genetically differentiated and gene flow after initial colonization appears to be very limited or completely lacking. Our study provides another example of short-range endemism in an invertebrate from the south-western mesic biome.

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Eden, John-Sebastian, John Kovaliski, Janine A. Duckworth, Grace Swain, Jackie E. Mahar, Tanja Strive, and Edward C. Holmes. "Comparative Phylodynamics of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Australia and New Zealand." Journal of Virology 89, no. 18 (July 8, 2015): 9548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01100-15.

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ABSTRACTThe introduction of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) into Australia and New Zealand during the 1990s as a means of controlling feral rabbits is an important case study in viral emergence. Both epidemics are exceptional in that the founder viruses share an origin and the timing of their release is known, providing a unique opportunity to compare the evolution of a single virus in distinct naive populations. We examined the evolution and spread of RHDV in Australia and New Zealand through a genome-wide evolutionary analysis, including data from 28 newly sequenced RHDV field isolates. Following the release of the Australian inoculum strain into New Zealand, no subsequent mixing of the populations occurred, with viruses from both countries forming distinct groups. Strikingly, the rate of evolution in the capsid gene was higher in the Australian viruses than in those from New Zealand, most likely due to the presence of transient deleterious mutations in the former. However, estimates of both substitution rates and population dynamics were strongly sample dependent, such that small changes in sample composition had an important impact on evolutionary parameters. Phylogeographic analysis revealed a clear spatial structure in the Australian RHDV strains, with a major division between those viruses from western and eastern states. Importantly, RHDV sequences from the state where the virus was first released, South Australia, had the greatest diversity and were diffuse throughout both geographic lineages, such that this region was likely a source population for the subsequent spread of the virus across the country.IMPORTANCEMost studies of viral emergence lack detailed knowledge about which strains were founders for the outbreak or when these events occurred. Hence, the human-mediated introduction of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) into Australia and New Zealand from known starting stocks provides a unique opportunity to understand viral evolution and emergence. Within Australia, we revealed a major phylogenetic division between viruses sampled from the east and west of the country, with both regions likely seeded by viruses from South Australia. Despite their common origins, marked differences in evolutionary rates were observed between the Australian and New Zealand RHDV, which led to conflicting conclusions about population growth rates. An analysis of mutational patterns suggested that evolutionary rates have been elevated in the Australian viruses, at least in part due to the presence of low-fitness (deleterious) variants that have yet to be selectively purged.

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Dalmaris, Eleftheria, Cristina E. Ramalho, Pieter Poot, Erik J. Veneklaas, and Margaret Byrne. "A climate change context for the decline of a foundation tree species in south-western Australia: insights from phylogeography and species distribution modelling." Annals of Botany 116, no. 6 (April 7, 2015): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcv044.

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Byrne, Margaret, and Daniel J. Murphy. "The origins and evolutionary history of xerophytic vegetation in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20022.

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The xeromorphic vegetation is a significant component of the Australian flora and phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of xeromorphic plants provides a basis for understanding the origins and evolutionary history of the Australian vegetation. Here we expand on previous reviews of the origins and maintenance of the Australian flora with an emphasis on the xeromorphic component. Phylogenetic evidence supports fossil evidence for evolution of sclerophyll and xeromorphic vegetation from the Eocene with lineages becoming more common in the Oligocene and Miocene, a time of major change in climate and vegetation in Australia. Phylogenetic evidence supports the mesic biome as ancestral to the arid zone biome in Australia in phylogenies of key groups. The diversification and radiation of Australian species shows single origins of xeromorphic group mainly at deeper levels in phylogenies as well as multiple origins of arid occurring species at shallower levels. Divergence across the Nullarbor is also evident and speciation rates in south-western Australia were higher than in the south-east in several plant families. Estimates of timing of diversification generally show either constant rates of diversification or increased diversification from the mid to late Miocene. Phylogeographic studies consistently demonstrate high localised genetic diversity and geographic structure in xeromorphic species occupying both mesic and arid biomes.

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Rabosky, D. L., K. P. Aplin, S. C. Donnellan, and S. B. Hedges. "Molecular phylogeny of blindsnakes (Ramphotyphlops) from western Australia and resurrection of Ramphotyphlops bicolor (Peters, 1857)." Australian Journal of Zoology 52, no. 5 (2004): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo04045.

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Blindsnakes (Typhlopidae) represent one of the least known elements of the Australian herpetofauna. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data and morphology are used here to show that a widespread species of Australian blindsnake, Ramphotyphlops australis, comprises two distinct species. Ramphotyphlops bicolor (new combination) is resurrected from synonymy with R. australis and redescriptions are provided for both species. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation within R. australis indicates that the central and south-coast populations are more closely related to each other than either is to the morphologically distinctive populations at the northern edge of the species' range. Observed levels of differentiation suggest historical isolation of populations from the Kalbarri/Shark Bay region of the western Australian coastline. However, lack of concordance between mitochondrial haplotype phylogeny and morphology for several individuals might reflect limited gene flow between the northern and south–central populations. We note that many taxa show restricted distributions or range disjunctions along the central Western Australian coastal margin, and we discuss possible models to explain population fragmentation in this region. Pliocene–Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations along the western Australian coast could have isolated sand plain communities in the Kalbarri/Shark Bay region from similar communities further south near Geraldton, possibly underlying the phylogeographic pattern in R. australis. Data from additional taxa will be needed to fully evaluate this hypothesis.

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Rix, Michael G., Mark S. Harvey, and J. Dale Roberts. "A revision of the textricellin spider genus Raveniella (Araneae:Araneoidea:Micropholcommatidae): exploring patterns of phylogeny and biogeography in an Australian biodiversity hotspot." Invertebrate Systematics 24, no. 3 (2010): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is09048.

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South-western Western Australia is a biodiversity hotspot, with high levels of local endemism and a rich but largely undescribed terrestrial invertebrate fauna. Very few phylogeographic studies have been undertaken on south-western Australian invertebrate taxa, and almost nothing is known about historical biogeographic or cladogenic processes, particularly on the relatively young, speciose Quaternary sand dune habitats of the Swan Coastal Plain. Phylogeographic and taxonomic patterns were studied in textricellin micropholcommatid spiders belonging to the genus Raveniella Rix & Harvey. The Micropholcommatidae is a family of small spiders with a widespread distribution in southern Western Australia, and most species are spatially restricted to refugial microhabitats. In total, 340 specimens of Raveniella were collected from 36 surveyed localities on the Swan Coastal Plain and 17 non-Swan Coastal Plain reference localities in south-western Western Australia. Fragments from three nuclear rRNA genes (5.8S, 18S and ITS2), and one mitochondrial protein-coding gene (COI) were used to infer the phylogeny of the genus Raveniella, and to examine phylogeographic patterns on the Swan Coastal Plain. Five new species of Raveniella are described from Western Australia (R. arenacea, sp. nov., R. cirrata, sp. nov., R. janineae, sp. nov., R. mucronata, sp. nov. and R. subcirrata, sp. nov.), along with a single new species from south-eastern Australia (R. apopsis, sp. nov.). Four species of Raveniella were found on the Swan Coastal Plain: two with broader distributions in the High Rainfall and Transitional Rainfall Zones (R. peckorum Rix & Harvey, R. cirrata); and two endemic to the Swan Coastal Plain, found only on the western-most Quindalup dunes (R. arenacea, R. subcirrata). Two coastally restricted species (R. subcirrata, R. janineae) were found to be morphologically cryptic but genetically highly distinct, with female specimens morphologically indistinguishable from their respective sister-taxa (R. cirrata and R. peckorum). The greater Perth region is an important biogeographic overlap zone for all four Swan Coastal Plain species, where the ranges of two endemic coastal species join the northern and south-western limits of the ranges of R. peckorum and R. cirrata, respectively. Most species of Raveniella were found to occupy long, highly autapomorphic molecular branches exhibiting little intraspecific variation, and an analysis of ITS2 rRNA secondary structures among different species of Raveniella revealed the presence of an extraordinary hypervariable helix, ranging from 31 to over 400 nucleotides in length.

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Helgen, Lauren E., and Greg W. Rouse. "Species delimitation and distribution in Aporometra (Crinoidea:Echinodermata): endemic Australian featherstars." Invertebrate Systematics 20, no. 3 (2006): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is05050.

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Aporometra Clark, 1938, which belongs to the monotypic Aporometridae, is a crinoid genus endemic to temperate Australian waters. It has been described as being ‘viviparous’ and is among the smallest of comatulids. The small size of specimens, and poor morphological justifications for specific diagnoses have created uncertainty over the number of species in the genus and their distributions. This study identified a suite of characters using data from scanning electron microscopy and mtDNA sequencing (CO1 and ND2) to assess the number of species of Aporometra. Specimens were obtained from museums and collected from Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. Type material was also examined when possible. Phylogenetic hypotheses were generated using maximum parsimony-based analyses of the separate and combined datasets. The results support the monophyly of Aporometra and the presence of two species, Aporometra wilsoni (Bell, 1888) and Aporometra occidentalis A. H. Clark, 1938, along the southern Australian coast. The status of the third nominal species, Aporometra paedophora (H. L. Clark, 1909), remains to be resolved, but it may be a junior synonym of A. wilsoni. Morphological diagnoses are reviewed. Aporometra occidentalis was only found in Western Australia, while A. wilsoni was found from Western Australia to Victoria. Phylogeographic differentiation between the western and southern populations of A. wilsoni is briefly discussed.

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Pestell, A. J. L., S. J. B. Cooper, K. Saint, and S. Petit. "Genetic structure of the western pygmy possum, Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) based on mitochondrial DNA." Australian Mammalogy 29, no. 2 (2007): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am07023.

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Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) has a spatially disjunct distribution, with a broad stretch of saltbush on the Nullarbor Plain forming an apparent barrier between the population: one in southern Western Australia, and another in south-eastern Australia, encompassing South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales. This disjunct distribution and slight differences in morphology between western and eastern populations have led to conjecture about the taxonomy of this species. This study assessed the taxonomic status of C. concinnus across southern Australia. Analyses using the mitochondrial (mtDNA) ND4 gene showed little phylogeographic structure throughout the wide range of C. concinnus in southern Australia; closely related haplotypes (~0.1% sequence divergence) had a wide distribution from Western Australia to South Australia, suggesting recent genetic connectivity. These data indicate that C. concinnus populations represent a single taxonomic unit (Evolutionarily Significant Unit) throughout the geographic range. Further research is required to assess the impact of recent population fragmentation and whether an erosion of genetic variation in isolated populations has occurred.

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Spencer, P. B. S., S. G. Rhind, and M. D. B. Eldridge. "Phylogeographic structure within Phascogale (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae) based on partial cytochrome b sequence." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 4 (2001): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00080.

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The brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) is considered locally rare and vulnerable, despite being found in all mainland states of Australia. It is rarely detected in faunal surveys and the two most immediate conservation requirements are a determination of its current range and clarification of its taxonomic status. Measures of genetic differentiation amongst Phascogale tapoatafa populations in eastern, western and northern Australia were estimated using a partial (348 bp) sequence of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b gene). Observed sequence divergence within P. tapoatafa was substantial, with an average of 13% separating the allopatric populations in south-eastern, south-western and northern Australia. In comparison, an average of 16% sequence divergence separated the two currently recognised Phascogale species (P. tapoatafa andP. calura). Thus, Phascogale comprises four highly divergent lineages, suggesting that the genus is more diverse than previously thought. These data indicate that further taxonomic research is warranted.

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Thavornkanlapachai, Rujiporn, Esther Levy, You Li, Steven J. B. Cooper, Margaret Byrne, and Kym Ottewell. "Disentangling the Genetic Relationships of Three Closely Related Bandicoot Species across Southern and Western Australia." Diversity 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13010002.

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The taxonomy of Australian Isoodon bandicoots has changed continuously over the last 20 years, with recent genetic studies indicating discordance of phylogeographic units with current taxonomic boundaries. Uncertainty over species relationships within southern and western Isoodon, encompassing I. obesulus, I. auratus, and I. fusciventer, has been ongoing and hampered by limited sampling in studies to date. Identification of taxonomic units remains a high priority, as all are threatened to varying extents by ongoing habitat loss and feral predation. To aid diagnosis of conservation units, we increased representative sampling of I. auratus and I. fusciventer from Western Australia (WA) and investigated genetic relationships of these with I. obesulus from South Australia (SA) and Victoria (Vic) using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA. mtDNA analysis identified three major clades concordant with I. obesulus (Vic), I. auratus, and I. fusciventer; however, I. obesulus from SA was polyphyletic to WA taxa, complicating taxonomic inference. Microsatellite data aided identification of evolutionarily significant units consistent with existing taxonomy, with the exception of SA I. obesulus. Further, analyses indicated SA and Vic I. obesulus have low diversity, and these populations may require more conservation efforts than others to reduce further loss of genetic diversity.

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Sedaghat, Bibirabea, Ralf Schaa, Alex Costall, Brett Harris, Jingming Duan, Andrew Pethick, and Wenping Jiang. "Magnetotelluric, Basin Structure and Hydrodynamics; South West of Western Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2018, no. 1 (December 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2018abp095.

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Arnold, GW, PG Ozanne, KA Galbraith, and F. Dandridge. "The capeweed content of pastures in south-west Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850117.

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The capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) content of pastures in the agricultural areas of Western Australia was estimated from coloured aerial photographs taken during flowering. Linear regressions were obtained between a visual score for capeweed content based on colour and the actual capeweed content of calibration sites. Surveys in 1972, 1973 and 1975 showed that 1973 was a year of high capeweed content in all areas compared with 1972 and 1975. The content was higher in lower-rainfall wheatbelt areas, where it averaged about 50% of pasture dry matter in 1973, than in the high-rainfall grazing areas, where the average was 37%. Fluctuations from year to year were followed on fixed sites between 1973 and 1977. The high rainfall sites varied more from year to year in capeweed content than did the low-rainfall sites. A detailed survey of one farm was made between 1972 and 1976 and this confirmed the indications from the other broadscale surveys that 1973 and 1976 were years that favoured capeweed. They were years when germination was followed by a 4-5 week dry period. Soil type and position in the landscape were also shown to influence the capeweed content of pastures.

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HOBBS, RICHARD J., and LYN ATKINS. "Spatial variability of experimental fires in south-west Western Australia." Austral Ecology 13, no. 3 (September 1988): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1988.tb00977.x.

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Hart, J. M., and M. J. Henwood. "Brachyscias (Apiaceae): a new genus from south-west Western Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 12, no. 2 (1999): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb98002.

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The new monotypic genus Brachyscias (Apiaceae) isdescribed from south-west Western Australia.Brachyscias verecundus J.M.Hart & M.J.Henwoodshowsclosest affinities to the endemic genusChlaenosciadium,but differs from this genus in itspossession of glabrous, ternately divided leaves, its foliaceous involucralbracts and bracteoles (with no whorl of bracts around flowers between therays) and by its nectaries being adnate to the styles. The undulate surfacetexture of the fruit of Brachyscias further separates itfrom Chlaenosciadium.

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King, DR, AJ Oliver, and SH Wheeler. "The European Rabbit Flea, Spilopsyllus Cuniculi, in South-Western Australia." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850227.

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Spilopsyllus cuniculi, a vector of myxomatosis, was introduced by various methods at several sites in the south-west of Western Australia in May 1969 for the biological control of rabbits. It spread rapidly and within 14 months all rabbits collected within about 5 km of one of the release sites were infested with fleas. Further introductions of the flea during the past decade have resulted in a wide distribution for it throughout the south-west of the state. Flea numbers fluctuate seasonally and are highest in reproductively active female rabbits in winter and spring. Since the introductions of the flea, the timing of epizootics of myxomatosis has changed and their effect on rabbit populations has increased.

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Song, Yong, Yun Li, Bryson Bates, and Christopher K. Wikle. "A Bayesian hierarchical downscaling model for south-west Western Australia rainfall." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) 63, no. 5 (February 4, 2014): 715–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rssc.12055.

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You, M. P., M. J. Barbetti, and K. Sivasithamparam. "Occurrence ofPhytophthora clandestinaraces across rainfall zones in south-west Western Australia." Australasian Plant Pathology 35, no. 1 (2006): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap05090.

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Golledge, Clayton L., Weng Soon Chin, Anthony E. Tribe, Robert J. Condon, and Leslie R. Ashdown. "A case of human melioidosis originating in south‐west Western Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 157, no. 5 (September 1992): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137192.x.

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Cooper, C. E., P. C. Withers, P. R. Mawson, S. D. Bradshaw, J. Prince, and H. Roberston. "Metabolic ecology of cockatoos in the south-west of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 1 (2002): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00067.

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This study examined the metabolic ecology of six cockatoo taxa endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. As the availability of food is one factor that may influence the abundance and distribution of these cockatoos, we document here their baseline energy requirements and feeding patterns. Evaporative waterloss was also measured as this may correlate with the aridity of the species’ environment. Basal metabolic rate was significantly lower at 0.62 ± 0.13 mL O2 g–1 h–1 for the inland red-tailed black cockatoo than 1.11 ± 0.16 mL O2 g–1 h–1 for the forest red-tailed black cockatoo, but there was no significant difference in metabolic rate between the two white-tailed black cockatoos (0.86 ± 0.18 for Carnaby’s and 0.81 ± 0.11 mL O2 g–1 h–1 for Baudin’s) or the two corellas (0.95 ± 0.12 for Butler’s and 0.70 ± 0.04 mL O2 g–1 h–1 for Muir’s). There were no significant differences between the two white-tailed black cockatoos, and between the two corellas, with respect to evaporative water loss. The inland red-tailed black cockatoo had a significantly lower rate of evaporative water loss (0.44 ± 0.07 mg g–1 h–1) than the forest red-tailed black cockatoo (0.70 ± 0.06 mg g–1 h–1), which is presumably an adaptation to its more arid habitat. The total energy content of assorted native and introduced food items that form significant proportions of the diets for these cockatoos varied from only 0.17 kJ for a 9-mg Emex australis seed to 63.9 kJ for a 3-g Banksia attenuata nut. The energy content of each food item and the estimated daily energy requirements of the cockatoos enabled the calculation of the numbers of nuts/cones/seeds required by each species for a day, which ranged from 11 B. attenuata nuts for a Carnaby’s cockatoo to 3592 Persoonia longifolia seeds for a forest red-tailed black cockatoo.

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Skurray, James H., E. J. Roberts, and David J. Pannell. "Hydrological challenges to groundwater trading: Lessons from south-west Western Australia." Journal of Hydrology 412-413 (January 2012): 256–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.034.

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Cresswell, GR, and JL Peterson. "The Leeuwin Current south of Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 2 (1993): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930285.

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Satellite images as well as data collected in situ were used to follow the seasonal changes of the Leeuwin Current south of Western Australia (WA) in 1986-87. The current has two major sources: salty subtropical water from west of WA, and fresher tropical water from north of WA. In summer, the tropical waters are excluded by the strong equatorward wind stress. In autumn and winter, this wind stress is reduced and tropical waters flood southward to dominate the flow. Nevertheless, salty subtropical water is entrained en route, and so, whatever the season, the Leeuwin Current is more saline than the 'local' subantarctic waters off southern WA. From a research vessel, observations were made on the current and one of its offshoots in June 1987. The Leeuwin Current had a maximum surface speed of more than 1 m s-1 just beyond the shelf edge. Its warm, low-salinity surface core rode on a sheath of higher-salinity subtropical water that it had entrained upstream. The first survey of the offshoot showed it to be 50 km across and 130 m deep (for water warmer than 17�C), and it extended 200 km seaward (as deduced from a satellite image). Velocities in the offshoot ranged up to 1 m s-1 southward and 1 m s-1 north-eastward on the western and eastern sides, respectively. Richardson numbers were, in places, as low as 0.25. On a second survey two days later, the offshoot was found to have pinched off and the remnant bulge on the edge of the parent stream to have moved 30 km eastward. The flow around this bulge reached 1.6 m s-'. The offshoot/bulge was possibly first formed in April, and it kept its identity at least until August. During this time, it moved eastward at speeds between 2 and 15 km day-1. In June, the offshoot was estimated to contain water equivalent to five days' transport of the parent current.

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Peacock, D. E. "Historical accounts of the numbat Myrmecobius fasciatus from south-west Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 1 (2006): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06012.

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The numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus ) was formerly widespread across most of southern Western Australia, South Australia and western New South Wales. It delined in the early 1900's, possibly due to foxes, cats, or an epizootic. Protection through control of foxes and cats, and translocation, has resulted in several populations being re-established at sites of historical distribution.

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Cochrane, HR, G. Scholz, and AME Vanvreswyk. "Sodic soils in Western Australia." Soil Research 32, no. 3 (1994): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940359.

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Sodic soils are common throughout Western Australia, particularly in the south-west agricultural area where they occur mainly as duplex or gradational profiles. Soils with sodic properties are dominant in 26% of the state; saline-sodic sediments and soils in intermittent streams, lakes and estuarine plains occupy a further 5%. Sodic soils are moderately common throughout the south and western portion of the rangeland areas (38% of the state). The south-west coastal sands and the desert and rangeland soils to the north and east of the state are rarely sodic. Although sodicity has been recognized as a discrete problem in W.A. soils since the 1920s, the extent and severity of sodicity has been satisfactorily described only for small areas of the state and most land managers are unaware of the role sodicity plays in limiting the productivity of their soils. Sodicity is implicated in a diversity of problems for both agricultural and non-agricultural uses of Western Australian soils. Subsoil impermeability is probably the most widespread of these, but no comprehensive, quantitative assessment of the influence of exchangeable sodium on subsoil properties has been undertaken. Topsoil sodicity is much less extensive but can severely restrict land productivity, particularly on sandy loam and finer textured soils which set hard when dry. The physical behaviour of Western Australian topsoils cannot usefully be predicted from measurements of exchangeable sodium alone because soils differ so greatly in their response to changing exchangeable sodium. Some remain structurally stable at ESP values >15 while others are so 'sodium-sensitive' that they exhibit highly dispersive behaviour at ESP values as low as 2%. Land values over much of the dryland farming and pastoral areas of W.A. do not justify sustained use of amendments which would reduce soil exchangeable sodium contents. Efficient management of sodic soils in these areas must rely on the prevention of degradation and the use of biological and physical means to maintain adequate soil physical properties. Effective restoration of degraded sodic soils, however, often does require application of inorganic amendments in combination with tillage to initiate structural recovery. Sodicity is currently not considered to be a problem at any of the three main irrigation areas in W.A., but all have sodic soil within their potentially irrigable lands, which may limit their future expansion.

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Wilson, N. G., and L. A. Kirkendale. "Putting the ‘Indo’ back into the Indo-Pacific: resolving marine phylogeographic gaps." Invertebrate Systematics 30, no. 1 (2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is15032.

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The Indo-Pacific is an extremely large marine realm that unites two oceans via a restricted Coral Triangle corridor, which was historically subjected to lowered sea levels during global glaciation. Although a strong phylogeographic focus on the Central and West Pacific has produced a large body of research, the Indian Ocean has been largely neglected. This may have serious consequences, because the Indian Ocean hosts a large number of marine centres of endemism, yet a large number of nations rely on its marine resources. We examine reasons for this neglect and review what is known about this region and its connectivity to the Indo-West Pacific. We draw attention to the ‘Leeuwin Effect’, a phenomenon where the southward flow of the Leeuwin Current is responsible for transporting larval propagules from the Coral Triangle region down the coast of Western Australia, resulting in broader Indo-West Pacific rather than Indian Ocean affinities. Given challenges in accessing infrastructure and samples, collaboration will inevitably be key to resolving data gaps. We challenge the assumption that the peak of shallow-water marine biodiversity is solely centred in the Coral Triangle, and raise awareness of a seemingly forgotten hypothesis promoting a secondary peak of biodiversity in the western Indian Ocean.

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Makinson, Robert, and Peter Olde. "A new species of Grevillea (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) from south-west Western Australia." Telopea 4, no. 2 (March 1, 1991): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19914933.

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33

Cotter, J. L., A. Van Burgel, and R. B. Besier. "Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of beef cattle in south-west Western Australia." Veterinary Parasitology 207, no. 3-4 (January 2015): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.11.019.

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34

Forbes, Matt, Ryan Vogwill, and Kimberly Onton. "A characterisation of the coastal tufa deposits of south–west Western Australia." Sedimentary Geology 232, no. 1-2 (December 2010): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2010.09.009.

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35

Lindsay, Michael D. A., Andrew Jardine, Cheryl A. Johansen, Anthony E. Wright, Susan A. Harrington, and Philip Weinstein. "Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna in inland areas of south-west Western Australia." Australian Journal of Entomology 46, no. 1 (February 2007): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2007.00581.x.

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36

Ritson, P., N. E. Pettit, and J. F. McGrath. "Fertilising Eucalypts at Plantation Establishment on Farmland in south-west Western Australia." Australian Forestry 54, no. 3 (January 1991): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1991.10674570.

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37

Pradzynski, Janusz, and Oren Yiftachel. "Regional Planning and Economic Development in the South West Region, Western Australia." Urban Policy and Research 9, no. 2 (June 1991): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111149108551467.

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38

Gent, Dominique Van, and Sandeep Sharma. "The South West Hub: carbon storage in the southwest of Western Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2019, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22020586.2019.12073245.

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39

Stalker, Linda, Dominique Van Gent, Sandeep Sharma, and Martin Burke. "South West Hub Project: appraising a carbon storage resource in Western Australia." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14107.

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The South West Hub Carbon Capture and Storage Project (SWH), managed by the WA Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA DMP), is evaluating the potential for a commercial-scale carbon storage site near major emissions sites in southwest WA. The area under investigation is in the southern Perth Basin, focusing on a 150 km2 area in the shires of Harvey and Waroona. WA DMP is conducting a major feasibility study and collecting pre-competitive data in partnership with the local community. The activities are done in a stage-gate model to obtain relevant information on the potential storage capacity, containment security and injectivity of the geology. Following a smaller 2D seismic survey and the drilling of the Harvey–1 stratigraphic well, a more complex 3D seismic survey was undertaken in February to March, 2014. These activities have confirmed the potential for commercial-scale CO2 storage. A new work package has been initiated with the drilling of three wells (Harvey–2, –3 and –4) underway and plans to drill a fifth well in the next 12 months. The stage-gate approach has been cost-effective, resulting in a carefully planned data acquisition and research program. The approach allows new results, information and potential future activities to be rolled out to stakeholders and the community in the area.

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Ramalingam, Malarvili, Andrea Hinwood, Mary Boyce, Caroline Barton, Anna Callan, Jane Heyworth, Peter McCafferty, and Jon Oyvind Odland. "Metals Exposure in Pregnant Women in South West Western Australia—Preliminary Results." Epidemiology 22 (January 2011): S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000391850.66740.b1.

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41

Ricard, L., K. Michael, S. Whittaker, B. Harris, A. Hortle, L. Stalker, and B. Freifeld. "Well-based Monitoring Schemes for the South West Hub Project, Western Australia." Energy Procedia 114 (July 2017): 5791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1717.

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42

Barlow, BA. "Regelia punicea (N.Byrnes) Barlow, comb.nov. (Myrtaceae) from the Northern Territory: Phytogeographic implications." Brunonia 9, no. 1 (1986): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bru9860089.

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On the basis of habit, habitat and floral characters, Melaleuca punicea N. Byrnes from Arnhem Land is more satisfactorily placed in the genus Regelia, which otherwise is confined to the south-west of Western Australia. This disjunct occurrence of a relatively unspecialized member of its group of genera indicates that it is relictual, and that the origin of the group may not have been in the south-west of Western Australia.

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Sherwood, John E., Jim M. Bowler, Stephen P. Carey, John Hellstrom, Ian J. McNiven, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, John R. Prescott, et al. "The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: chronology." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 130, no. 2 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs18005.

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An unusual shell deposit at Moyjil (Point Ritchie), Warrnambool, in western Victoria, has previously been dated at 67±10 ka and has features suggesting a human origin. If human, the site would be one of Australia’s oldest, justifying a redetermination of age using amino acid racemisation (AAR) dating of Lunella undulata (syn. Turbo undulatus) opercula (the dominant shellfish present) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of the host calcarenite. AAR dating of the shell bed and four Last Interglacial (LIG) beach deposits at Moyjil and Goose Lagoon, 30 km to the west, confirmed a LIG age. OSL analysis of the host sand revealed a complex mixing history, with a significant fraction (47%) of grains giving an early LIG age (120–125 ka) using a three-component mixing model. Shell deposition following the LIG sea-level maximum at 120–125 ka is consistent with stratigraphic evidence. A sand layer immediately below the shell deposit gave an age of ~240 ka (i.e. MIS 7) and appears to have been a source of older sand incorporated into the shell deposit. Younger ages (~60–80 ka) are due to bioturbation before calcrete finally sealed the deposit. Uranium/thorium methods were not applicable to L. undulata opercula or an otolith of the fish Argyrosomus hololepidotus because they failed to act as closed systems. A U–Th age of 103 ka for a calcrete sheet within the 240 ka sand indicates a later period of carbonate deposition. Calcium carbonate dripstone from a LIG wave-cut notch gave a U–Th age of 11–14 ka suggesting sediment cover created a cave-like environment at the notch at this time. The three dating techniques have collectively built a chronology spanning the periods before and after deposition of the shell bed, which occurred just after the LIG sea-level maximum (120–125 ka).

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Barrett-Lennard, Edward G., Geoffrey C. Anderson, Karen W. Holmes, and Aidan Sinnott. "High soil sodicity and alkalinity cause transient salinity in south-western Australia." Soil Research 54, no. 4 (2016): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15052.

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Transient salinity associated with increased dispersion of clays is arguably one of the most economically important soil constraints in Australia because it occurs on land that is regularly cropped. However, this issue is rarely studied. This paper examines the occurrence of transient salinity on agricultural land in the south-west of Western Australia and the factors causing it. We analysed four soil datasets from the region, collected at scales varying from the entire south-west to a single paddock. A variety of soil parameters were correlated with increased electrical conductivity (EC1:5). The most significant relationships were invariably with measures of exchangeable sodium (Na+; 53–85% of variance accounted for), and this factor appears to be most responsible for transient salinity. Another parameter correlated with increased EC1:5 was alkalinity. This has been associated with the increased dispersion of kaolinite and consequent decreases in soil hydraulic conductivity; kaolinite is the most common clay mineral in the south-west of Western Australia. Other factors correlated with increased EC1:5 were increasing clay, increasing depth in the soil profile and decreasing rainfall. These factors are environmental indicators of transient salinity. Affected soils might be ameliorated by application of agents to increase soil hydraulic conductivity, such as gypsum and/or elemental sulfur.

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González-Orozco, Carlos E., Shawn W. Laffan, and Joseph T. Miller. "Spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of the genus Acacia in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 7 (2011): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11112.

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The aim of this study is to identify and map the spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of the genus Acacia in Australia. A database of 171 758 geo-referenced herbarium records representing 1020 Acacia species was assembled and aggregated to a 0.25° grid cell resolution. A neighbourhood analysis of one-cell radius was applied to each of the grid cells to map the spatial patterns of species richness and endemism. The primary centres of species richness are in accordance with previous results, occurring in the South-West Botanical Province in Western Australia, the MacPherson-Macleay overlap and the Central Coast of the Sydney Sandstone region. We identify 21 centres of endemism, of which six were previously unrecognised. The primary centres of endemism are located in South-West Western Australia, the Kimberley District and the Wet Tropics in Queensland. The South-West Botanical Province in Western Australia contained the greatest number of regions with the highest number of endemic species of Acacia. A randomisation test showed that our 21 centres of endemism were significantly different from random. The majority of centres of Acacia endemism were incongruent with the centres of species richness, with only three grid cells in the top 1% for both measures. We also confirm that South-West Western Australia is a region of very high species richness and endemism, in accordance with its status as a global hotspot of biodiversity.

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Gibson, N., G. J. Keighery, M. N. Lyons, and B. J. Keighery. "Threatened plant communities of Western Australia. 2 The seasonal clay-based wetland communities of the South West." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 4 (2005): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050287.

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The communities of seasonal clay-based wetlands of south-west Australia are described. They are amongst the most threatened In Western Australia. It is estimated that >90% of the original extent of these communities has been cleared for agriculture, and the remaining areas, despite largely occurring in conservation reserves, are threatened by weed invasion and rising saline groundwater. Thirty-six taxa are identified as claypan specialists occurring in six floristic communities. Composition was strongly correlated with rainfall and edaphic factors. The most consistent attribute shared between the seasonal clay-based wetlands of south-west Australia, and the analogous vernal pools systems of California, Chile, and South Africa was the widespread conversion of these wetlands to agricultural systems. The south-west Australia wetlands had a richer flora, different lifeform composition, higher species richness but fewer claypan specialists than the vernal pools of California. The dissimilarity in the regional floras and vegetation types from which the pool floras were recruited explain these differences.

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Prada, Diana, Victoria Boyd, Michelle L. Baker, Mark O’Dea, and Bethany Jackson. "Viral Diversity of Microbats within the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia." Viruses 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121157.

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Bats are known reservoirs of a wide variety of viruses that rarely result in overt clinical disease in the bat host. However, anthropogenic influences on the landscape and climate can change species assemblages and interactions, as well as undermine host-resilience. The cumulative result is a disturbance of bat–pathogen dynamics, which facilitate spillover events to sympatric species, and may threaten bat communities already facing synergistic stressors through ecological change. Therefore, characterisation of viral pathogens in bat communities provides important basal information to monitor and predict the emergence of diseases relevant to conservation and public health. This study used targeted molecular techniques, serological assays and next generation sequencing to characterise adenoviruses, coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses from 11 species of insectivorous bats within the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. Phylogenetic analysis indicated complex ecological interactions including virus–host associations, cross-species infections, and multiple viral strains circulating concurrently within selected bat populations. Additionally, we describe the entire coding sequences for five alphacoronaviruses (representing four putative new species), and one novel adenovirus. Results indicate that viral burden (both prevalence and richness) is not homogeneous among species, with Chalinolobus gouldii identified as a key epidemiological element within the studied communities.

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Mitton, Craig, and Sarah Prout. "Setting priorities in the south west of Western Australia: where are we now?" Australian Health Review 28, no. 3 (2004): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040301.

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Due to resource scarcity, health care decision makers must make choices about what services to fund. In exploring the potential for developing a formal approach to priority setting in the South West Area Health Service (SWAHS) in Western Australia, we carried out a qualitative survey of senior decision makers. Respondents indicated that resources were primarily allocated on the basis of historical patterns. Suggested improvements for priority setting include development of a transparent approach to priority setting, better intra-organisational communication, public input in the form of identifying social determinants of health, and having an organisational ?credible commitment? in planning processes.

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Lim, David, Geoff Strachan, Dominique Van Gent, and Sandeep Sharma. "Underground storage of carbon dioxide in the Harvey area, south-west Western Australia." APPEA Journal 57, no. 1 (2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16042.

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Underground storage of carbon dioxide as a means of reducing atmospheric emissions of CO2 has been examined both theoretically and practically over the past decade. There is a large amount of research and field experience in the energy sector to show that underground storage of CO2 is feasible. The Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute has identified 38i large-scale projects (operating and/or in the planning) with many companies currently sequestering tons of CO2 per year. This paper reports on static and dynamic modelling studies conducted on the Harvey structure, onshore Perth Basin, to assess the suitability of the Lesueur Sandstone in the Lower Lesueur Region of Western Australia as a potential geological CO2 sequestration site. The study area for this project within this structure covers 332 km2 and is located approximately 13 km north-west of the town of Harvey, south of Perth. The static and dynamic modelling investigated a suite of full field simulation models that cover a range of subsurface uncertainties providing confidence that the CO2 plume stays below 800 mTVDss (metres true vertical depth sub sea) within the storage complex for more than 1000 years after injection ceases. The results of the modelling show that it could be feasible to inject 800 000 tonnes CO2 per annum over 30 years into the storage complex. Modelling studies shows that the main factors controlling CO2 plume migration are trapped gas saturation and the solubility of CO2 in brine.

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Philip, Priya, and Bofu Yu. "Interannual variations in rainfall of different intensities in South West of Western Australia." International Journal of Climatology 40, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 3052–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6382.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phylogeography – Western Australia – South-West'

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