Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phylogeny'
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Bernt, Matthias. "Gene order rearrangement methods for the reconstruction of phylogeny." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-38666.
Full textVarón, González Ceferino. "Shape and phylogeny." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/shape-and-phylogeny(f432d494-9755-41f9-b067-431023ad3248).html.
Full textPoe, Stephen Joseph. "Phylogeny of anoles /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004359.
Full textJacobson, Herbert R. "Generic revision, phylogenic classification, and phylogeny of the termitophilous tribe corotocini(Coleoptera; staphylinidae)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213647.
Full textGarcia, Marcelo. "A mitochondrial metazoan phylogeny." Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, 2007. http://www.lncc.br/tdmc/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=136.
Full textInferring the evolutive relations between the animal phyla has been a formidable challenge to Science. The animal phyla represent quite distinct baupläne (body architectures) and are, therefore, difficult to compare. At the same time, their fossil record converges mostly to the same period on the geological scale. The recent availability of molecular data has, however, inaugurated a new front in animal phylogeny. The present work explores this opportunity by inferring a phylogeny with distance and maximum likelihood methods, employing all animal mitochondrial genomes ever sequenced. The results present only a few bigger groups with strong statistical support, like Diploblastica, Bilasteria, Protostomia and Deutorostomia, and many smaller groups of animals belonging to the same order or family. These results seems to confirm that the phyla radiated in such a short time interval that the phylogenetic signal did not hold out to produce a satisfactory resolution of the animal tree to date. Some limits may have yet to be tested, through models of evolution more fit to this scenario. For example was only recovered with the use of gamma distances for site-to-site substitution rate variability, at the expense of compressing the smaller branches throughout the tree. Nematodes and Platyhelminthes reveal a bias in GC and AT skew that cannot be adequately mapped by any reversible substitution pattern. Nevertheless, even if corrections are found for these issues, it is well possible that the hope of a better resolution in the animal tree will lie further on, by a better understanding of the evolutive process in a genomic scale.
Boussau, Bastien. "Early evolution and phylogeny." Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/34/57/43/PDF/These_03122008.pdf.
Full textDuring this thesis, I studied the early evolution of life, from the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) to the ancestors of the three kingdoms, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Notably, I have attempted to place a few organisms in the tree of life, namely the bacteria Aquifex aeolicus and the archaea Cenarchaeum symbiosum, and I also studied the evolution of optimal growth temperatures over the last four billion years. To this end, I developed algorithms to reconstruct ancestral gene sequences, and used these sequences to predict the optimal growth temperatures of now-extinct organisms. My colleagues and I estimate that LUCA did not live in a very hot environment, but that its descendants the ancestors of Bacteria and of the group containing Archaea and Eukarya both lived at higher temperatures. This implies that the two lineages descending from LUCA underwent the same kind of evolution in parallel, perhaps caused by the same unique selection pressure. This pressure may have resulted from an intense meteoritic bombardment 3. 8 billion years ago, and have been accompanied by the transition from an RNA genome in LUCA to DNA genomes in its descendants. Subsequently in the bacterial lineage, optimal growth temperature dropped, which may correspond to the evolution of oceanic temperatures in the last 3. 5 billion years
Ranghoo, Vijayanti Mala. "Phylogeny of freshwater ascomycetes." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20793042.
Full textKolaczkowski, Bryan. "Deconstructing phylogenetic reconstruction : effects of assumption violations on evolutionary inference /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1280150641&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-144). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Schulze, Anja. "Phylogeny of vestimentiferan tube worms." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0009/NQ52771.pdf.
Full textJones, Martin. "Multigene datasets for deep phylogeny." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2575.
Full textSmith, A. B. "Echinoderm phylogeny and evolutionary biology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662084.
Full textBeanland, Timothy James. "The phylogeny of photosynthetic organisms." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385339.
Full textVidovic, Steven Uroš. "A discourse on pterosaur phylogeny." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-discourse-on-pterosaur-phylogeny(4d366e00-23fa-4ee9-9ae1-104e7409dfd5).html.
Full textMahon, Annette. "Mammalian body size and phylogeny." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616106.
Full textMcGuire, Avery Faye. "Phylogeny and biogeography of Erica /." Electronic thesis, 2003. http://etd.wfu.edu/theses/available/etd-12162003-111147/.
Full textPollitt, Jessica R. "Trilobita : phylogeny and evolutionary patterns." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437441.
Full textShen, Hong. "Mitogenomic analysis of decapod phylogeny." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16505.
Full textFor a comprehensive study of decapod phylogeny at the mitochondrial genome level, I have sequenced the mitochondrial genome of 13 decapods. Together with available sequences of 31 decapods from GenBank, and the mitochondrial genome of Dromia personata provided by the Bonn University, the dataset now cover all major decapod taxa. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) of the nucleotide and amino acid datasets reveal similar topologies at the higher level relationships: (((((((Anomala, Brachyura), Thalassinida: Gebiidea) Thalassinida: Axiidea), Astacidea), Achelata), Stenopodidea), Caridea), Dendrobranchiata). Nevertheless, one problematic taxon, Polychelida, with ambiguous affinities is recognized. At the lower level, most taxa are monophyletic, whereas the Thalassinida is paraphyletic, which is consistent with some morphological and molecular results. An inversion spanning from S-E-F tRNA cluster to the I-Q-M tRNA cluster occurred in Procambarus fallax f. virginalis, Homarus gammarus, and one priapulid Priapulus caudatus. Compared with the gene arrangement of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus, both astacids and the priapulid exhibit the same inversion, which is therefore supposed to be a convergent event of the clade Astacidea and Priapulida among Ecdysozoa. Other than this notable feature observed in astacids, the gene arrangements in all available decapods show some interesting characters. To explain these unique genomic features observed here, a new gene rearrangement model is proposed, which is called the “inversion triggered duplication” model.
Mackenzie, Bryony. "Is there a deep phylogeny of bacteria? : combined datasets and an Indel database to investigate phylogeny." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425434.
Full textEriksen, Niklas. "Combinatorics of genome rearrangements and phylogeny." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mathematics, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1499.
Full textThis thesis deals with combinatorial problems taken frombioinformatics. In particular, we study the problem ofinferring distances between bacterial species by looking attheir respective gene orders. We regard one of the gene ordersas a permutation of the other. Given a set of valid operations,we seek the most parsimonious way to sort this permutation. Wealso look at the more complex problem of combining a set ofspecies into a phylogenetic tree, which shows the relationshipsbetween all species.The computer program Derange II by Blanchette andSanko® uses a greedy algorithm to estimate theevolutionary distance between two species. The success dependson a set of weights, which may be specified by the user. Wehave examined which weights are optimal, and also the qualityof this program using optimal weights.Derange II has been extended to solve the medianproblem, that is finding the permutation that is closest tothree other permutations. We then use this new version to buildphylogenetic trees directly from gene order permutations. Insome situations, this new method works much better thanprevious methods.There is an analytical expression for the evolutionarydistance between two species if the set of allowed operationsincludes only inversions (reversing a segment of genes).Allowing transpositions (swapping two adjacent segments) aswell, we have found a (1+")-approximation for this distance,where we have weighted the di®erent operations accordingto our results on the Derange II weights.
Kvist, L. (Laura). "Phylogeny and phylogeography of European Parids." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514255364.
Full textErpenbeck, Dirk Johannes Gerhard. "On the phylogeny of halichondrid demosponges." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/75288.
Full textHunt, Jannine M. "A psbA phylogeny for selected rhodophyceae /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-2/huntj/janninehunt.pdf.
Full textShenoy, Belle Damodara. "Multigene phylogeny of selected anamorphic ascomycetes." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558265.
Full textHide, Elizabeth Anne. "A molecular approach to sponge phylogeny." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360785.
Full textEgertova, Michaela. "Neuroanatomy and phylogeny of cannabinoid signalling." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322075.
Full textBasibuyuk, Hasan Huseyin. "Hymenoptera phylogeny : morphological and behavioural investigations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243984.
Full textWang, Ruijiang, and 王瑞江. "Systematics and phylogeny of Cyathocalyx (Annonaceae)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31246035.
Full textWang, Jing, and 王静. "Systematics and phylogeny of Dasymaschalon (Annonaceae)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085428.
Full text許傳芳 and Chuan-fang Yvonne Su. "Systematics and phylogeny of Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44569981.
Full textKånneby, Tobias. "Gastrotricha of Sweden - Biodiversity and Phylogeny." Doctoral thesis, Enheten för zoologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nrm:diva-351.
Full textGastrotricha of Sweden - Biodiversity and Phylogeny
Campbell, Jinx. "Molecular phylogeny of the Halosphaeriaceae, Ascomycota." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327000.
Full textVIANNA, DALESSANDRO SOARES. "HYBRID HEURISTICS FOR THE PHYLOGENY PROBLEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5178@1.
Full textUma filogenia é uma árvore que relaciona unidades taxonômicas, baseada na similaridade de seus conjuntos de características. O problema da filogenia consiste em encontrar uma filogenia com o número mínimo de passos evolutivos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver heurísticas híbridas para este problema. Duas estratégias são propostas. A primeira combina a metaheurística GRASP baseada em uma nova estrutura de vizinhança (k-SPR) proposta neste trabalho com um procedimento VND de busca local. A segunda estratégia híbrida combina algoritmos genéticos com uma estratégia de cruzamento inovadora, a qual é uma extensão da técnica de intensificação denominada reconexão por caminhos que foi originalmente aplicada no contexto de outras metaheurísticas, tais como busca tabu e GRASP. Os experimentos computacionais realizados sobre instâncias geradas aleatoriamente e instâncias da literatura científica mostram que os novos algoritmos são bastante robustos e que superaram os outros algoritmos existentes na literatura em termos de qualidade de solução e tempos computacionais obtidos.
A phylogeny is a tree that relates taxonomic units, based on their similarities over a set of characters. The phylogeny problem consists in finding a phylogeny with the minimum number of evolutionary steps. The main goal of this work is to develop hybrid heuristics for this problem. Two strategies are proposed. The first combines the GRASP metaheuristic using a new neighborhood structure (k-SPR) proposed in this work with a VND local search procedure. The second hybrid strategy combines genetic algorithms with an innovative optimized crossover strategy which is an extension of the path-relinking intensification technique originally applied in the context of other metaheuristics such as tabu search and GRASP. Computational results on randomly generated and benchmark instances are reported, showing that the new heuristics are quite robust and outperform the others algorithms in the literature in terms of solution quality and computational time.
Hunn, Craig Andrew. "Chronobiogeography : synthesising time, space and phylogeny." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619995.
Full textSmith, Andrew B. "Phylogeny and evolutionary biology of echinoderms." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11410.
Full textMonsch, Kenneth Anthony. "The phylogeny of the Scombroid fishes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/0dd04e81-6094-4b77-973f-fe4e1f964f2c.
Full textSang, Tao. "Phylogeny and Biogeography of Paeonia (Paeoniaceae) /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487928649988039.
Full textLee, Chung-Kun. "Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Commelinaceae (Commelinales)." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263508.
Full textCalado, Sandra Carla Fernandes Craveiro Mendes. "Ultrastructure and phylogeny of peridinioid dinoflagellates." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/972.
Full textOs dinoflagelados são um grupo muito diverso de protistas que possuem um conjunto de características pouco comuns. Os peridinióides são dinoflagelados com teca que é formada por seis séries latitudinais de placas, incluindo a série cingular e um anel incompleto de placas intercalares anteriores, embora as últimas estejam ausentes em algumas espécies de Peridiniopsis. São dinoflagelados com simetria bilateral em relação ao plano apical que contem o eixo dorso-ventral. Na série sulcal há apenas uma placa posterior que contacta com o limite ventral de duas grandes placas antapicais. Entre os peridinióides, a presença ou ausência de um poro apical e o número de placas no cíngulo são geralmente consideradas marcas filogenéticas importantes ao nível de género ou família. Actualmente, a definição de Peridinium Ehrenberg, o dinoflagelado mais comum de água doce, inclui organismos com combinações diferentes destas duas características. Trabalhos anteriores sobre a ultrastrutura e afinidade filogenética das espécies tipo de Peridinium, P. cinctum, e Peridiniopsis Lemmermann, P. borgei também sugerem a necessidade de reexaminar as relações taxonómicas dos peridinióides. Esta tese combina o estudo ultrastrutural de uma selecção de espécies com hipóteses filogenéticas baseadas nas sequências de LSU rDNA, para aumentar o nosso conhecimento das diferenças e afinidades dentro dos peridinióides. Tem como objectivo aumentar o nosso conhecimento das características individuais das células que possam levar a reconhecer sinapomorfias que possam ser usadas como marcadores dos peridinióides como um todo e dos seus subgrupos. As espécies escolhidas para exame pormenorizado foram: Peridinium palatinum Lauterborn, de um grupo com duas placas intercalares anteriores, seis placas cingulares e sem poro apical; Peridinium lomnickii Wo!oszy"ska, de um grupo com poro apical, três placas intercalares e seis cingulares; Peridiniopsis berolinensis (Lemmermann) Bourrelly, uma espécie heterotrófica com poro apical, sem placas intercalares e com seis placas cingulares; e Sphaerodinium cracoviense Wo!oszy"ska, um membro de um género de formas com teca com um tipo de tabulação marginalmente peridinióide, com um suposto poro apical e quatro placas intercalares anteriores. Peridinium palatinum difere de Peridinium e Peridiniopsis típicos, quer em características da teca, quer internas. As diferenças estimadas entre as sequências parciais de LSU rDNA de P. palatinum e a espécie próxima P. pseudolaeve, relativamente a P. cinctum são comparativamente grandes e, juntamente com a topologia da árvore filogenética, apoiam a separação de P. palatinum e formas próximas ao nível de género. Palatinus nov. gen. foi, então, descrito com as novas combinações Palatinus apiculatus nov. comb. (espécie tipo; sin. Peridinium palatinum), P. apiculatus var. laevis nov. comb. e P. pseudolaevis nov. comb.. As características distintivas de Palatinus incluem uma superfície das placas lisa ou um tanto granulosa, mas não areolada, um grande pirenóide central penetrado por canais citoplasmáticos e de onde radiam lobos plastidiais, e a presença de uma fiada microtubular homóloga à de um pedúnculo. As células de Palatinus saem da teca pela zona antapicalpos- cingular. Peridinium lomnickii apresenta tabulação semelhante às formas marinhas, produtoras de quistos calcários, do género Scrippsiella A.R. Loeblich. Para comparação, adicionámos novas observações ultrastruturais de S. trochoidea. Peridinium lomnickii tem uma combinação de características diferente de Peridinium, Peridiniopsis e Scrippsiella. As hipóteses filogenéticas baseadas em DNA colocam P. lomnickii no mesmo ramo que Pfiesteria Steidinger et Burkholder, Tyrannodinium e outras Pfiesteriaceae, com as quais partilha um "microtubular basket" e uma ligação peculiar entre duas placas do sulco. As características distintivas do novo género proposto Chimonodinium gen. ined. incluem, além da tabulação, a ausência de pirenóides, a presença de um "microtubular basket" com quatro ou cinco fiadas sobrepostas de microtúbulos associados a um pequeno pedúnculo, um sistema pusular com tubos pusulares bem definidos ligados aos canais flagelares, e a produção de quistos não calcários. Peridiniopsis berolinensis partilha várias características significativas com Pfiesteria e afins, como um "microtubular basket" com a capacidade de suportar um tubo de alimentação, quimiossensibilidade para encontrar presas apropriadas, o modo de natação junto às presas e a organização geral da célula. Hipóteses filogenéticas com base em LSU rDNA confirmam a afinidade entre P. berolinensis e Pfiesteria bem como a relação mais remota com a espécie tipo de Peridiniopsis, P. borgei. Estas razões justificam a proposta de Tyrannodinium gen. nov., uma nova Pfiesteriaceae que difere de outros membros do grupo por viver em água doce e nos pormenores da tabulação. Sphaerodinium cracoviense revelou a tabulação típica do género Sphaerodinium, que apresenta um número de placas intercalares superiores e pos-cingulares maior que o que é típico em peridinióides: 4 e 6, respectivamente. Observações em SEM mostraram uma estrutura apical diferente da dos peridinióides, e um sulco apical numa das placas fazendo lembrar a área apical de alguns woloszynskióides. Os pormenores do aparelho flagelar e do sistema pusular ligam o Sphaerodinium aos woloszynskióides em geral e ao género Baldinia em particular, mas não aos peridinióides. O volumoso estigma de S. cracoviense revelou ser extraplastidial e de um modelo único, composto por elementos que se encontram em woloszynskióides, mas nunca encontrados anteriormente juntos. A análise filogenética baseada nas sequências parciais de LSU rDNA também sugerem uma maior proximidade de S. cracoviense com os woloszynskióides do que com os peridinióides. Futuras análises pormenorizadas de dinoflagelados peridinióides, em especial entre os do numeroso grupo de espécies com poro apical, serão necessárias para clarificar as suas relações taxonómicas; e a produção de descrições melhoradas das características finas particulares das células serão um requisito para perceber a evolução dos caracteres dos peridinióides por forma a podermos identificar marcadores filogenéticos.
Dinoflagellates are a diverse and widespread group of protists that combine a number of unusual features. Peridinioids are thecate dinoflagellates with six latitudinal series of plates, including the cingular series and the incomplete ring of anterior intercalary plates, although the latter is absent in some species currently classified as Peridiniopsis. They tend to be bilaterally symmetrical in relation to the apical plane containing the dorsiventral axis. In the sulcal series there is only one posterior plate, which contacts with the ventral edge of two large subequal antapical plates. Among peridinioids, the presence or absence of an apical thecal pore and the number of plates in the cingulum are often considered important phylogenetic markers at genus or family level. As currently delimited, Peridinium Ehrenberg, the most widely represented dinoflagellate genus in freshwater, includes organisms with different combinations of these features. Previous studies on the fine-structure and phylogenetic affinites of the type species of Peridinium, P. cinctum, and of Peridiniopsis Lemmermann, P. borgei, likewise suggested the need for reexamination of the taxonomical relationships of peridinioids. This thesis combines the ultrastructural examination of selected species with phylogenetic hypothesis based on partial LSU rDNA sequences to extend our knowledge of variation and affinities within the peridinioid group. It aims to advance our understanding of individual cell features that may lead to the recognition of synapomorphies that may be used as markers for the peridinioid group as a whole and for its subgroups. The species targetted for detailed examination were: Peridinium palatinum Lauterborn, representative of a group with two anterior intercalary plates, six cingular plates and no apical pore complex; Peridinium lomnickii Wo!oszy"ska, of a group with apical pore complex, three anterior intercalary and six cingular plates; Peridiniopsis berolinensis (Lemmermann) Bourrelly, an heterotrophic species with apical pore complex, zero anterior intercalary and six cingular plates; and Sphaerodinium cracoviense Wo!oszy"ska, a member of a genus of thecate forms with a marginally peridinioid type of tabulation, with a putative apical pore complex and four anterior intercalary plates. Peridinium palatinum was found to differ from typical Peridinium and Peridiniopsis in both thecal and internal features. The relatively large estimated differences in the partial LSU rDNA sequences of P. palatinum and its close relative P. pseudolaeve compared to P. cinctum, together with the topology of the molecular tree, supported the separation of P. palatinum and related forms at the generic level. Palatinus nov. gen. was therefore described with the new combinations Palatinus apiculatus nov. comb. (type species; syn. Peridinium palatinum), P. apiculatus var. laevis nov. comb. and P. pseudolaevis nov. comb.. Distinctive characters for Palatinus include a smooth or slighty granulate, but not areolate, plate surface, a large central pyrenoid penetrated by cytoplasmic channels and radiating into chloroplast lobes, and the presence of a peduncle-homologous microtubular strand. Palatinus cells exit the theca through the antapical-postcingular area. Peridinium lomnickii has a similar tabulation to the mostly marine, calcareous cyst producers of the genus Scrippsiella A.R. Loeblich and fine-structural observations on S. trochoidea were added for comparison. Peridinium lomnickii showed a different combination of features from Peridinium, Peridiniopsis and Scrippsiella. Interestingly, the DNA-base phylogenetic hypothesis placed P. lomnickii in the same clade as Pfiesteria Steidinger et Burkholder, Tyrannodinium and other pfiesteriaceans, with which it shares a microtubular basket and a peculiar connection between two plates in the sulcus. Distinctive characters of the proposed new genus Chimonodinium gen. ined., include, in addition to the tabulation, the absence of pyrenoids, the presence of a microtubular basket with four or five overlapping rows of microtubules associated with a small peduncle, a pusular system with well-defined pusular tubes connected to the flagellar canals, and the production of non-calcareous cysts. Peridiniopsis berolinensis shares a number of important features with Pfiesteria and its allies, including a microtubular basket with the capacity of driving and supporting a feeding tube, the ability to follow chemical clues to find suitable prey, the swimming behaviour near the prey and the general organization of the cell. Partial LSU rDNA-based phylogenetic hypotheses strongly confirm the close affinity between P. berolinensis and Pfiesteria and the more remote relationship with the type species of Peridiniopsis, P. borgei. These reasons justify the proposal of Tyrannodinium gen. nov., a new pfiesteriacean that differs from other genera in the group in being a freshwater form and in details of the plate arrangement. Sphaerodinium cravoviense showed the tabulation typical of its genus, which extends beyond normal peridinioid tabulation numbers in the anterior intercalary and in the postcingular series, with 4 and 6 plates, respectively. SEM observations revealed that the apical structure differed from the typical arrangement seen in peridinioids and included a furrow with knob-like protuberances reminiscent of the apical area of the thinly thecate woloszynskioids, which usually possess larger numbers of amphiesmal vesicles. Details of the flagellar apparatus and associated pusular system link Sphaerodinium to the woloszynskioids in general and to Baldinia anauniensis in partidular, rather than to peridinioids. The prominent eyespot found in S. cracoviense was shown by TEM to be extraplastidial and of a unique type, made of two components, each known from some eyespot types found in woloszynskioids, but not previously found together. A closer relationship of S. cracoviense with woloszynskioids than with peridinioids was also suggested by a phylogenetic analysis based on LSU rDNA. Further analyses of peridinioids, particularly within the sizeable group of species with an apical pore complex, is needed before general taxonomic relationships become clear; and improved descriptions of fine-structural features of cells are required to unravel the evolution of particular characters, allowing phenotypic phylogenetic markers to be identified.
Wang, Jing. "Systematics and phylogeny of Dasymaschalon (Annonaceae)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085428.
Full textSu, Chuan-fang Yvonne. "Systematics and phylogeny of Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25211663.
Full textLaumann, Katie May. "Sturgeon (Acipenseridae) phylogeny, biogeography, & ontogeny." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616731.
Full textMacdonald, Kenneth S. "Molecular Phylogeny of Lake Baikal Amphipods." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617748.
Full textHu, Shiliang. "Phylogeny and chloroplast evolution in Brassicaceae." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368872.
Full textHu, Shiliang. "Phylogeny and chloroplast evolution in Brassicaceae." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1824/1/Ph.D.thesis.of.Hushiliang.pdf.
Full textTodesco, Federica. "Geophilid centipedes: phylogeny and character evolution." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421735.
Full textI geofilomorfi, con più di 1200 specie appartenenti a 13 famiglie, sono presenti in tutto il mondo. Una dicotomia basale tra Mecistocephalidae (Placodesmata) e tutti gli altri geofilomorfi (Adesmata) è supportato sia da dati morfologici e molecolari. Tra gli Adesmata, la filogenesi interna di alcune famiglie, in particolar modo quella dei Geophilidae, non è risolta, ed è dubbia anche la loro natura monofiletica. Molto probabilmente si tratta di un gruppo parafiletico che necessita di una riclassificazione. I Geophilidae s.l. (sensu Attems, 1929) comprendono i Geophilidae, Dignathodontidae, Aphilodontidae e Linotaeniidae delle classificazioni attuali. Il presente lavoro è un tentativo di ricostruire la filogenesi dei Geophilidae s.l. su caratteri di morfologia esterna. Sulla base delle osservazioni ottenute attraverso l'analisi al microscopio ottica, ho documentato variazione morfologica in 40 specie di Geophilomorpha, di cui 35 appartengono ai Geophilidae s.l., incluse nell'ingroup e 5 sono utilizzati come outgroups. La matrice di dati comprende 139 caratteri morfologici. Per la ricostruzione filogenetica sono stati utilizzati la massima parsimonia, il bootstrap e le analisi bayesiane. All'interno dei Geophilidae sl, alcune affinità tra generi concordano con la sistematica tradizionale proposte da Attems: è possibile riconoscere i cladi corrispondenti alle sottofamiglie di Chilenophilinae, Pachymeriinae e Geophilinae, oltre al 'Linotaeniidae' originariamente classificato come sottofamiglia dei Dignathodontinae. La particolare posizione di Zelanophilus provocator all'interno del Geophilidae è stata discussa. E' stata fatta un'analisi comparata, tra i Geophilomorpha, di alcuni caratteri importanti dal punto di vista ecologico (il calice veleno nelle forcipule ed i pori coxali sulle coxae dell'ultimo paio di zampe, coinvolti nel bilancio idrico). Sulla filogenesi ottenuta su base morfologica (escludendo i caratteri relativi ai calici veleniferi e ai pori coxali) sono stati quindi ricostruiti i cambiamenti evolutivi di questi caratteri.
Valastro, Viviana. "Infectious bronchitis virus: phylogeny and evolution." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421791.
Full textIl virus della bronchite infettiva aviare è l’agente patogeno di una malattia altamente contagiosa responsabile di ingenti perdite economiche nel settore avicolo. Il virus è caratterizzato da una grande variabilità genetica e antigenica che ha favorito la comparsa e la diffusione di molteplici e differenti tipi virali. Analisi filogenetiche e calcolo delle distanze nucleotidiche esistenti tra i ceppi sono state utilizzate per classificare la grande varietà di virus appartenenti a questa famiglia di patogeni. Nonostante ciò, non si è ancora raggiunto un accordo sul metodo con il quale i ceppi dovrebbero essere confrontati. Questo ha generato notevole confusione poiché ha favorito lo sviluppo di numerosi sistemi di classificazione, molto spesso contrastanti l’uno con l’altro, e l’utilizzo di nomenclature eterogenee che in molti casi non riflettevano la filogenesi. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è proporre un sistema di classificazione che sia semplice e ripetibile e basato esclusivamente sulle relazioni filogenetiche esistenti tra i ceppi di bronchite aviaria. Il lavoro si propone inoltre di assegnare una nomenclatura univoca e razionale dei gruppi genici identificati. Mediate l’analisi di tutte le sequenze nucleotidiche della proteina S1 disponibili in banca dati sono stati identificati 32 diversi lineaggi, compresi in 6 genotipi, e un numero di ceppi originati da eventi di ricombinazione tra lineaggi. Poiché la variabilità esistente tra i diversi ceppi di IBV è abbastanza elevata, qui si propone di usare le relazioni filogenetiche piuttosto che il calcolo delle distanze geniche come criterio più adatto per tracciare la storia evolutiva di IBV. L’adozione di una nomenclatura accettata a livello internazionale è di fondamentale importanza per gli studi futuri sull’epidemiologia ed evoluzione del virus della bronchite infettiva aviaria. Inoltre, così com’è stata sviluppata, la classificazione qui proposta può essere revisionata e aggiornata nel momento in cui saranno disponibili nuove sequenze virali della proteina S1.
Kanouh, Mohamad. "Etudes taxonomiques de deux genres d'acariens prédateurs de la famille des Phytoseiidae (Acari Mesostigmata) : Phytoseiulus Evans et Neoseiulella Muma." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0029.
Full textThe present classification of the family Phytoseiidae is not based on solid phylogenetic studies and therefore, many taxonomic questions still arise, concerning the validity of supra-specific and specific taxa identified to-date. This thesis thus aimed to answer such questions for two genera, Phytoseiulus and Neoseiulella, using for the first time molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Biogeographic analyses have been also carried out. Results obtained by both morphological and molecular approaches are congruent and seem to show that both genera are not monophyletic: Phytoseiulus seems paraphyletic whereas Neoseiulella seems polyphyletic. These results are different from those obtained with previous revisions of these two taxa. Furthermore, this study allowed to conclude on five synonymies within the genus Neoseiulella. The observation of nearly the totality of the species belonging to the genus Neoseiulella permitted to redefine this genus, excluding three species and discussing some synonymies. Lastly, an identification key of the adult females was proposed for the valid species of the genus Neoseiulella. Further experiments, including molecular investigations, are however still required in order to obtain more reliable conclusions on the evolutionary relationships of the studied taxa
Torruella, i. Cortés Guifré. "Phylogeny and evolutionary perspective of Opisthokonta protists." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286509.
Full textPer entendre l’origen dels Opistoconts (grup taxonòmic que conté animals, fongs i diversos llinatges protists emparentats) o inferir les seves transicions evolutives, és fonamental primer entendre les relacions filogenètiques entre les espècies existents en l’actualitat. La filogènia, particularment la filogenòmica, és el procediment vàlid per inferir relacions evolutives entre espècies, ja que la morfologia, les sinapomorfies moleculars o els canvis genètics singulars són arguments cíclics dependents del mostreig taxonòmic. Per aquesta raó hem fet servir dades genòmiques i transcriptòmiques per a construir un nou conjunt de dades format per dominis proteics de còpia única i els hem analitzat mitjançat diversos mètodes per prevenir errors sistemàtics. Hem pogut així confirmar la divisió entre Holomycota (Nucleariids, Opisthosporidia, quitridiomiciets i fongs) i Holozoa (Ichthyosporea, Filasterea, Choanomonada i Metazoa). També hem obtingut dades de RNAseq per situar espècies particularment ambigües com: Corallochytrium limacisporum la qual hem situat com a grup germà de Ichthyosporea, un altre grup holozou osmotròfic. Partint d’aquesta base filogenètica es pot començar a especular sobre les transicions evolutives entre els grups. No obstant, abans cal reconstruir els ancestres dels llinatges dels Opistoconts com també dels seus grups externs actuals: Apusomonadida i Breviatea. Els resultats indiquen que no existeix cap lligam definit entre els bacterívors ancestrals biflagelats (grup extern) i cap dels llinatges Opistoconts (grup d’interès). També que el darrer avantpassat comú dels Opistoconts probablement conservaria quasi tots els caràcters ancestrals com el moviment ameboide, filopodis, la fagotrofia, etc.; però seria uniflagel·lat, amb una forma cel·lular menys restringida pel tipus d’alimentació. Mitjançant la genòmica comparada hem estudiat les similituds entre grups no emparentats d’Opistoconts com els osmòtrofs amb paret cel·lular o les amebes filopodials nues. Per exemple, hem trobat que Ministeria vibrans (Filasterea) i C. limacisporum (Ichthyosporea) presenten un aparell flagel·lar fins ara desconegut amb un patró similar al que formen fongs i altres eucariotes. També que Ichthyosporea fa servir un material semblant a la quitina per construir la seva paret cel·lular. Aquestes similituds plantegen hipòtesis de convergència evolutiva o paral·lelisme entre llinatges propers que s’hauran de comprovar en un futur.
Fröbisch, Nadia. "Ontogeny and phylogeny of small dissorophoid amphibians." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22015.
Full textCette étude envisage l'ontogénie et la phylogénie des branchiosaurides et amphibamides, des petits amphibiens dissorophoïdes du Carbonifère supérieur et du Permien inférieur. Les deux clades jouent un rôle central dans le débat qui considère les liens et les origines des trois groups d'amphibien modern parmi les possibles antécédents du Paléozoïque. Les branchiosaurides possèdent un record exceptionnel de fossiles comportant des centaines de spécimens et plusieurs étapes ontogéniques. Ceci a permis une étude détaillée à propos de la séquence d'ossification des membres du branchiosauride, Apateon. Ce dernier montre que les branchiosaurides partagent avec les salamandres modernes la caractéristique unique d'une dominance préaxiale dans le développement des membres. Une révision détaillée de la littérature concernant les différentes formes d'ossification des membres chez les tétrapodes, modernes et fossilisés, forme la base pour cette investigation. Ceci est réalisé en montrant que la séquence d'ossification parmi les tétrapodes marque le patron général de la squelettogenèse dans les premières étapes du développement. En outre, la préservation spectaculaire des étapes ontogénétiques parmi les branchiosaurides simplifie l'identification de deux cycles biologique, la néoténie et la métamorphose. La plupart des branchiosaurides sont néoténique, pourtant quelques membres de l'espèce, Apateon gracilis, ont été reconnus comme étant complètement métarmorphosés en adultes terrestres. Cette métamorphose a eu lieu durant une courte période de temps, et elle représente la première évidence d'une métamorphose condensée, hors des groups d'amphibien modern. Contrairement aux branchiosaurides, les amphibamides comportent des tétrapodes terrestres qui possèdent une bonne ossification des membres et de la boîte crânienne. Un nouveau genre et nouvelle espèce d'un amphibamide de la fissure de Fort Sill sont ici dé
Brooks, Scott Edward. "Systematics and phylogeny of the Dolichopodinae (Diptera:Dolichopodidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85053.
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