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Journal articles on the topic 'Phylloplane microorganisms'
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Ivashchenko, Kristina V., Maria V. Korneykova, Olesya I. Sazonova, Anna A. Vetrova, Anastasia O. Ermakova, Pavel I. Konstantinov, Yulia L. Sotnikova, et al. "Phylloplane Biodiversity and Activity in the City at Different Distances from the Traffic Pollution Source." Plants 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030402.
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The phylloplane is an integrated part of green infrastructure which interacts with plant health. Taxonomic characterization of the phylloplane with the aim to link it to ecosystem functioning under anthropogenic pressure is not sufficient because only active microorganisms drive biochemical processes. Activity of the phylloplane remains largely overlooked. We aimed to study the interactions among the biological characteristics of the phylloplane: taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and activity, and the pollution grade. Leaves of Betula pendula were sampled in Moscow at increasing distances from the road. For determination of phylloplane activity and functional diversity, a MicroResp tool was utilized. Taxonomic diversity of the phylloplane was assessed with a combination of microorganism cultivation and molecular techniques. Increase of anthropogenic load resulted in higher microbial respiration and lower DNA amount, which could be viewed as relative inefficiency of phylloplane functioning in comparison to less contaminated areas. Taxonomic diversity declined with road vicinity, similar to the functional diversity pattern. The content of Zn in leaf dust better explained the variation in phylloplane activity and the amount of DNA. Functional diversity was linked to variation in nutrient content. The fraction of pathogenic fungi of the phylloplane was not correlated with any of the studied elements, while it was significantly high at the roadsides. The bacterial classes Gammaproteobacteria and Cytophagia, as well as the Dothideomycetes class of fungi, are exposed to the maximal effect of distance from the highway. This study demonstrated the sensitivity of the phylloplane to road vicinity, which combines the effects of contaminants (mainly Zn according to this study) and potential stressful air microclimatic conditions (e.g., low relative air humidity, high temperature, and UV level). Microbial activity and taxonomic diversity of the phylloplane could be considered as an additional tool for bioindication.
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Bakker, G. R., C. M. Frampton, M. V. Jaspers, A. Stewart, and M. Walter. "Assessment of phylloplane microorganism populations in Canterbury apple orchards." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3941.
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Microorganism populations on the leaf surface can be an indicator of environmental health in orchards A method was developed to detect changes in these populations in apple orchards Firstly the variation within orchards was investigated by sampling leaves from seven locations within four trees in spring and autumn The population density and species richness of microorganisms when grown on PDA showed tree and season effects (P
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Lunggani, Arina Tri, Wahyu Aji Mahardhika, Adi Budi Utomo, and Endang Kusdiyantini. "Molecular Characterization Of Phylloplane Mold From Avicennia marina Leaves." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 24, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.24.1.61-65.
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Mangroves are a habitat for organisms and microorganisms, including phylloplane molds. Phylloplane molds are known to have various potentials such as antimicrobial, enzyme, and pigment-producing. PFM19 is an orange pigment-producing phylloplane mold. Identification of the mold is needed to determine the species of the fungus so that it can be used for further research. This study aims to identify molecularly the PFM19 mold that produces orange pigment using ITS markers. The methods used in this study included the rejuvenation of isolates, DNA extraction, DNA amplification, and phylogenetic analysis. The results obtained that PFM19 has similarities with Talaromyces islandicus CBS 388.48 by 100% based on ITS markers.
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Dubey, Garima, Bharati Kollah, Usha Ahirwar, Asit Mandal, Jyoti Kumar Thakur, Ashok Kumar Patra, and Santosh Ranjan Mohanty. "Phylloplane bacteria of Jatropha curcas: diversity, metabolic characteristics, and growth-promoting attributes towards vigor of maize seedling." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 10 (October 2017): 822–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0189.
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The complex role of phylloplane microorganisms is less understood than that of rhizospheric microorganisms in lieu of their pivotal role in plant’s sustainability. This experiment aims to study the diversity of the culturable phylloplane bacteria of Jatropha curcas and evaluate their growth-promoting activities towards maize seedling vigor. Heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the phylloplane of J. curcas and their 16S rRNA genes were sequenced. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were very similar to those of species belonging to the classes Bacillales (50%), Gammaproteobacteria (21.8%), Betaproteobacteria (15.6%), and Alphaproteobacteria (12.5%). The phylloplane bacteria preferred to utilize alcohol rather than monosaccharides and polysaccharides as a carbon source. Isolates exhibited ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deaminase, phosphatase, potassium solubilization, and indole acetic acid (IAA) production activities. The phosphate-solubilizing capacity (mg of PO4 solubilized by 108 cells) varied from 0.04 to 0.21. The IAA production potential (μg IAA produced by 108 cells in 48 h) of the isolates varied from 0.41 to 9.29. Inoculation of the isolates to maize seed significantly increased shoot and root lengths of maize seedlings. A linear regression model of the plant-growth-promoting activities significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the growth parameters. Similarly, a correspondence analysis categorized ACC deaminase and IAA production as the major factors contributing 41% and 13.8% variation, respectively, to the growth of maize seedlings.
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Waipara, N. W., F. O. Obanor, and M. Walter. "Impact of phylloplane management on microbial populations." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3940.
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The impact of apple orchard management on leaf microbial populations was investigated during the 2001/2002 growing season Apple leaves were collected in spring and autumn from two certified organic (BioGro) and IFP (Integrated Fruit Production) managed apple orchards at each of three New Zealand sites (Hawkes Bay Nelson and Canterbury) Phylloplane epiphytes were recovered by leaf washing using a stomacher blender and the microorganisms enumerated using serial plate dilutions The microorganisms were separated into recognisable taxonomic units (RTUs) based on colony morphology Analysis of both spring and autumn samples showed that leaves from all three sites from organic orchards harboured significantly more colony forming units than were found on leaves from IFP orchards Overall population richness (based on RTUs/ leaf sample) was also significantly higher in organic than IFP orchards
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Stevens, Vincent, Sofie Thijs, Eva Bongaerts, Tim Nawrot, Wouter Marchal, Jonathan Van Hamme, and Jaco Vangronsveld. "Ambient Air Pollution Shapes Bacterial and Fungal Ivy Leaf Communities." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102088.
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Ambient air pollution exerts deleterious effects on our environment. Continuously exposed to the atmosphere, diverse communities of microorganisms thrive on leaf surfaces, the phylloplane. The composition of these communities is dynamic, responding to many environmental factors including ambient air pollution. In this field study, over a 2 year period, we sampled Hedera helix (ivy) leaves at six locations exposed to different ambient air pollution conditions. Daily, we monitored ambient black carbon (BC), PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone concentrations and found that ambient air pollution led to a 2–7-fold BC increase on leaves, the phylloplane BC load. Our results further indicated that the phylloplane BC load correlates with the diversity of bacterial and fungal leaf communities, impacting diversity more than seasonal effects. The bacterial genera Novosphingobium, Hymenobacter, and Methylorubrum, and the fungal genus Ampelomyces were indicators for communities exposed to the highest phylloplane BC load. Parallel to this, we present one fungal and two bacterial phylloplane strains isolated from an air-polluted environment able to degrade benzene, toluene, and/or xylene, including a genomics-based description of the degradation pathways involved. The findings of this study suggest that ambient air pollution shapes microbial leaf communities, by affecting diversity and supporting members able to degrade airborne pollutants.
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Shara, Melya, Mohammad Basyuni, and Hasanuddin. "Potential of Phylloplane Fungi from Mangrove Plant (Rhizophora apiculata Blume) as Biological Control Agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Banana Plant (Musa acuminata L.)." Forests 14, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020167.
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Phylloplane fungi is a non-pathogenic fungi on the leaf surface that can be used to control plant diseases caused by pathogens. One of the most damaging banana plant diseases is fusarium wilt, caused by the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc). Mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculate is widely distributed and is a high-diversity area where microorganisms that produce anti-microbial compounds flourish. This plant can be used as a biological agent. This study aims to determine the various phylloplane fungi available from mangrove plant R. apiculata leaves and their potential use against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) in banana plants (Musa acuminata L.). All 20 phylloplane fungi were identified through DNA sequencing with identities of 83.88–100%; of those 20, 3 were found that have antagonistic potential against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc): Lasiodiplodia theobromae (67.43%), Trichoderma harzianum (66.65), and Nigrospora sphaerica (65.33%). In the in vivo tests, the best inhibition of disease incidence was shown by treatment with Lasiodiplodia theobromae (11.11%). The present study confirmed that phylloplane fungi isolated from R. apiculata can inhibit fusarium wilt disease in banana plant.
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Sahoo, Biswajit, and Tushar Kanti Dangar. "Interaction of some fungal entomopathogens of rice pests with phyllophytic microorganisms of four rice genotypes cultivated in coastal Odisha, India." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 22 (September 22, 2016): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v22i0.15473.
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Interactions of six entomopathogenic fungi viz. Cordyceps (2 strains), Beauveria (1 strain) and Metarhizium (3 strains) spp. of rice leaf folder (LF, Cnaphalocrocismedinalis) with thephyllophytic (phyllospheric and phylloplanic) bacteria (n=35) and fungi (n=4) isolated at pre-flowering stages of fourcultivated rice (Oryzasativa L.) var. Lalat, Swarna, Swarna-Sub1 and Naveenwere assessed to reveal possibility of intergroup inhibition in the field. Dynamics of the phyllophytic microbes revealed that the phyllospheric bacterial population (3.59 to 4.10 log CFU/cm2) was more than those of the phylloplane (1.56 to 1.75 log CFU/cm2) of different plants. The phyllophytes of the four rice genotypes decreased in the order of Swarna-Sub1 > Swarna > Lalat > Naveen. The fungal pathogens of LF viz. C. brongniartii (TF6 and TF6-1A), B.bassiana (TF6-1B) and M. anisopliae (TF19, TF19- 3A and TF19-3B) were not inhibited by any of the phyllophytic organisms which proved that they can be applied on the canopy of the rice plants to control the pests.ECOPRINT 22: 75-84, 2015
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van Toor, R. F., J. M. Pay, M. V. Jaspers, and A. Stewart. "Evaluation of phylloplane microorganisms for biological control of camellia flower blight." Australasian Plant Pathology 34, no. 4 (2005): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap05063.
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Stirling, A. M., G. R. Stirling, K. G. Pegg, and A. C. Hayward. "Effect of copper fungicide on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and other microorganisms on avocado leaves and fruit." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 8 (1999): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98110.
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An investigation into the effect of copper fungicide on non-target microorganisms on avocado (cvv. Hass and Nabal) showed that populations of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria on leaves were at least 10-fold less after a single application of copper than on unsprayed leaves. This detrimental effect of copper on microorganisms on the phylloplane was confirmed in random samples collected from 5 commercial avocado orchards with regular pesticide spray programs but where isolated unsprayed trees were also available. An intensive 16-month study was carried out on 2 adjacent orchards, 1 that was sprayed with copper fungicide at monthly intervals from October to April each year, and the other that had not been sprayed for at least 6 years. Populations of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria on leaves and fruit were 10–100-fold lower in the sprayed orchard than in the unsprayed orchard. However, populations in the sprayed orchard recovered during the winter non-spray periods to levels comparable to the unsprayed orchard. In 1993 and 1994, fruit were harvested from both orchards, ripened, and assessed for anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In both years, there was significantly less disease in unsprayed fruit (mean disease rating 1.13 and 0.32, respectively) than in sprayed fruit (mean disease rating 1.83 and 2.18, respectively). These results show that copper fungicide is detrimental to phylloplane microorganisms and suggest that those organisms are providing some natural suppression of C. gloeosporioides on avocado.
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Jennifer Lolitha C., Manjula A. C., Prathibha K. Y., and Keshamma E. "Isolation of Bacteria from Rhizosphere, Phylloplane and Caulosphere of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 6 (November 9, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.6.4.
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Rhizosphere, phylloplane and caulosphere is the region where a complex community of microbes, mainly bacteria and fungi are present. The microbe- plant interaction in these regions can be beneficial, neutral, variable, or deleterious for plant growth. The bacteria that exert beneficial effects on plant development are termed plant growth promoting bacteria. To isolate the bacteria from rhizosphere, phylloplane and caulosphere of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). The seeds of 16 cultivars of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) viz., Arka keshav, Arka shirish, Arka kusumaker, and IIHR accession numbers 389,386,387,377 Tc, BB44, 391, 433, 434, 427, 447, 448, 476 and 487 that were used in the initial screening experiment were obtained from the Department of Vegetable crops, IIHR, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore. Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) plants of different varieties were collected from seven locations around Bangalore viz., Hessaraghatta, Yelahanka, Kengeri, Madi vala, Hebbal, Tirumalapura and Attibele were also screened for the presence of associative bacteria. Associative microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere, phylloplane and shoot regions of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), revealed the presence of three morphologically different colonies. 80% of 16 cultivars of the brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) screened showed the presence of associative bacterial colonies. In this study diazotrophic BBI were obtained from the rhizoplane, phylloplane and stem of 16 cultivars of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) that were screened. The dominant pearl-colored colonies isolated from all varieties of brinjal plants that were screened was identified and showed maximum nitrogen fixing ability compared with that of the other colonies. The phylloplane of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) plants from seven different locations around Bangalore showed the presence of the dominant pearl-colored colonies. Moderate growth of bacteria was observed in root, stem and leaf bits sterilized up to 35 minutes. Even on surface sterilized roots which were homogenized and inoculated on growth media, dense growth of bacteria was observed there by establishing the presence of bacteria inside the root system. For the first time the presence of growth promoting bacteria on the rhizosphere and endorhizosphere of brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.) cultivars was established.
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Saunier, Amelie, Promise Mpamah, Christina Biasi, and James D. Blande. "Microorganisms in the phylloplane modulate the BVOC emissions of Brassica nigra leaves." Plant Signaling & Behavior 15, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 1728468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2020.1728468.
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Donegan, Katherine, Ramon Seidler, and Carl Matyac. "Physical and chemical control of released microorganisms at field sites." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-120.
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An important consideration in the environmental release of a genetically engineered microorganism is the capability for reduction or elimination of microorganism populations once their function is completed or if adverse environmental effects are observed. In this study the decontamination treatments of burning and biocide application, alone and in combination with tilling, were evaluated for their ability to reduce populations of bacteria released on the phylloplane. Field plots of bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), sprayed with the bacterium Erwinia herbicola, received the following treatments: control; control + till; burn; burn + till; Kocide (cupric hydroxide); Kocide + till; Agri-Strep (streptomycin sulfate); and Agri-Strep + till. Leaves and soil from the plots were sampled −1, 1, 5, 8, 12, 15, 19, and 27 days after application of the decontamination treatments. Burning produced a significant reduction in the number of E. herbicola, whereas tilling, alone or in combination with the biocide treatments, stimulated a significant increase in E. herbicola populations, which persisted for several weeks. The individual treatments of the biocides, Kocide and Agri-Strep, produced a rate of decline in E. herbicola populations that did not significantly differ from that of the control treatment. Key words: decontamination, risk control, field release, genetically engineered microorganisms.
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Mishra, R. R., and V. B. Srivastava. "Leaf surface microflora of Hordeum vulgare L." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 43, no. 2 (2015): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1974.019.
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The fungal and bacterial population of leaf surface of <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. has ben described. The phyllosphere and phylloplane regions of green and yellow leaves harboured different dominant species. Bacteria mostly suppressed the fungal growth and possibility of biological control has been suggested. The effect of three amino acids and one organic acid on leaf mycoflora has been studied by foliar spray method. Stimulatory effect of different concentrations of the acids has been noticed. Preferential growth of selected forms of microorganisms may be encouraged by the acid application to act as a mean of biological control.
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Doan, Hung K., and Johan H. J. Leveau. "Artificial Surfaces in Phyllosphere Microbiology." Phytopathology® 105, no. 8 (August 2015): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-15-0050-rvw.
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The study of microorganisms that reside on plant leaf surfaces, or phyllosphere microbiology, greatly benefits from the availability of artificial surfaces that mimic in one or more ways the complexity of foliage as a microbial habitat. These leaf surface proxies range from very simple, such as nutrient agars that can reveal the metabolic versatility or antagonistic properties of leaf-associated microorganisms, to the very complex, such as silicon-based casts that replicate leaf surface topography down to nanometer resolution. In this review, we summarize the various uses of artificial surfaces in experimental phyllosphere microbiology and discuss how these have advanced our understanding of the biology of leaf-associated microorganisms and the habitat they live in. We also provide an outlook into future uses of artificial leaf surfaces, foretelling a greater role for microfluidics to introduce biological and chemical gradients into artificial leaf environments, stressing the importance of artificial surfaces to generate quantitative data that support computational models of microbial life on real leaves, and rethinking the leaf surface (‘phyllosphere’) as a habitat that features two intimately connected but very different compartments, i.e., the leaf surface landscape (‘phylloplane’) and the leaf surface waterscape (‘phyllotelma’).
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Wongamthing, R., Sainamole Kurian P, Surendra Gopal K, Anju C, Rehna Augustine, and Sible George Varghese. "Phylloplane microorganisms and induction of systemic resistance against pathogen Alternaria solani in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 8, no. 1S (January 1, 2024): 800–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i1sk.447.
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Harish, S., D. Saravanakumar, A. Kamalakannan, R. Vivekananthan, E. G. Ebenezar, and K. Seetharaman. "Phylloplane microorganisms as a potential biocontrol agent againstHelminthosporium oryzaeBreda de Hann, the incitant of rice brown spot." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 40, no. 2 (April 2007): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400500383651.
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Sahu, Priyanka. "Screening of Phylloplane Fungal Flora of Some Medicinal Plants in Durg- Bhilai Region of Chhattisgarh State." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 25, 2021): 2204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36853.
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The leaf surface fungal flora is subjected not only to the influence of the host, but also to its own factors. An important aspect is the production of self incubatory products as well as self stimulating products by the fungal organisms present on the leaf surface. Amongst microorganisms fungi can be a sole cause of spoilage and substantially decrease the quality, grade and price of plant materials. In the present studies leaves were found mainly infected with Aspergillus niger, A. favus , Curvularia lunata, Chaetomium globosom, Penicillum citrinum and Fusarium oxysporum as these six were found on the leaves throughout the study and their incidence degree were quite high.
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Yahaya ismail, Haruna, Hauwa S. Bello, Ibrahim A. Allamin, and Elizabeth Danjuma. "Isolation of potential bacterial pathogens from the phylloplane of some selected medicinal plants." International Journal of Scientific World 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v4i2.6156.
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Microorganisms are ubiquitous and their impact could be appreciated directly or indirectly. This study was aimed at determining the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria on the phylloplane of some medicinal plants commonly used to treat diseases by oral administration. Leaves samples were collected aseptically from Cassia fistula (Cassia) Mangifera indica (Mango) and Psidium guajavum (Guava) and their bacterial contents were assessed. Higher bacterial counts were observed in raw samples followed by those washed with sterile water. Samples washed with sterile warm water (blanched) were shown to have lower counts although without statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). Guava leaves had higher counts (3.4×106 cfu/g) in the raw samples and cassia in blanched (6.4×105 cfu/g). However, mango leaves had the lowest (8.4×105 cfu/g and 2.0×105 cfu/g) in both the treatments respectively. Twenty bacterial species were isolated comprising Gram negative and Gram positive species. Bacterial identification revealed that Proteus mirabilis (35%), Proteus vulgaris (15%), Escherichia coli (15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Morganella morganii (5%), Salmonella typhi (10%), Enterobacter sp. (5%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%) and Vibrio cholarae (5%) were the prevalent species. These organisms could be potential pathogens and proper washing with hot water may serve a better means of reducing the microbial contents and thus, it is recommended.
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Manching, Heather C., Kara Carlson, Sean Kosowsky, C. Tyler Smitherman, and Ann E. Stapleton. "Maize phyllosphere microbial community niche development across stages of host leaf growth." F1000Research 6 (September 18, 2017): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12490.1.
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Background: The phyllosphere hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, which can play a positive role in the success of the host plant. Bacterial communities in the phylloplane are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, including host plant surface topography and chemistry, which change in concert with microbial communities as the plant leaves develop and age.Methods: We examined how theZea maysL. leaf microbial community structure changed with plant age. Ribosomal spacer length and scanning electron microscopic imaging strategies were used to assess microbial community composition across maize plant ages, using a novel staggered experimental design.Results: Significant changes in community composition were observed for both molecular and imaging analyses, and the two analysis methods provided complementary information about bacterial community structure within each leaf developmental stage.Conclusions: Both taxonomic and cell-size trait patterns provided evidence for niche-based contributions to microbial community development on leaves.
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Manching, Heather C., Kara Carlson, Sean Kosowsky, C. Tyler Smitherman, and Ann E. Stapleton. "Maize Phyllosphere Microbial Community Niche Development Across Stages of Host Leaf Growth." F1000Research 6 (December 13, 2017): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12490.2.
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Background: The phyllosphere hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, which can play a positive role in the success of the host plant. Bacterial communities in the phylloplane are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, including host plant surface topography and chemistry, which change in concert with microbial communities as the plant leaves develop and age.Methods: We examined how theZea maysL. leaf microbial community structure changed with plant age. Ribosomal spacer length and scanning electron microscopic imaging strategies were used to assess microbial community composition across maize plant ages, using a novel staggered experimental design.Results: Significant changes in community composition were observed for both molecular and imaging analyses, and the two analysis methods provided complementary information about bacterial community structure within each leaf developmental stage.Conclusions: Both taxonomic and cell-size trait patterns provided evidence for niche-based contributions to microbial community development on leaves.
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Manching, Heather C., Kara Carlson, Sean Kosowsky, C. Tyler Smitherman, and Ann E. Stapleton. "Maize Phyllosphere Microbial Community Niche Development Across Stages of Host Leaf Growth." F1000Research 6 (January 18, 2018): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12490.3.
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Background: The phyllosphere hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, which can play a positive role in the success of the host plant. Bacterial communities in the phylloplane are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, including host plant surface topography and chemistry, which change in concert with microbial communities as the plant leaves develop and age.Methods: We examined how theZea maysL. leaf microbial community structure changed with plant age. Ribosomal spacer length and scanning electron microscopic imaging strategies were used to assess microbial community composition across maize plant ages, using a novel staggered experimental design.Results: Significant changes in community composition were observed for both molecular and imaging analyses, and the two analysis methods provided complementary information about bacterial community structure within each leaf developmental stage.Conclusions: Both taxonomic and cell-size trait patterns provided evidence for niche-based contributions to microbial community development on leaves.
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Stirling, AM, LM Coates, KG Pegg, and AC Hayward. "Isolation and selection of bacteria and yeasts antagonistic to preharvest infection of avocado by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 5 (1995): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950985.
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Bacteria and yeasts were isolated from leaves, flowers and fruit of avocado trees that had not been sprayed with pesticides for several years. Of the 1050 microorganisms isolated, 37% inhibited mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on potato dextrose agar. Many of these organisms also significantly reduced spore germination of the fungus on cellophane overlaying weak sugars agar and a greater proportion of yeasts than bacteria were more effective. Some bacteria and yeasts also reduced spore germination of the pathogen on avocado leaf disks. The predominant group of suppressive bacteria was Bacillus spp., and the antagonistic yeasts included Aureobasidium spp. and a variety of pink and white colony types. Antibiotic resistant isolates of Bacillus, carbendazim resistant isolates of two yeasts and an Aureobasidium sp. were sprayed on avocado leaves and survived for at least 2 months on the phylloplane. On the basis of performance in these tests, isolates with biocontrol and colonization potential were selected and tested for their capacity to provide disease control on fruit. In repeated tests, several bacteria and yeasts consistently reduced lesion development and lesion size on detached avocado fruit when applied prior to inoculating fruit with the pathogen.
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Woody, Scott T., Russell N. Spear, Erik V. Nordheim, Anthony R. Ives, and John H. Andrews. "Single-Leaf Resolution of the Temporal Population Dynamics of Aureobasidium pullulans on Apple Leaves." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 8 (August 2003): 4892–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4892-4900.2003.
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ABSTRACT The abundance of phylloplane microorganisms typically varies over several orders of magnitude among leaves sampled concurrently. Because the methods traditionally used to sample leaves are destructive, it has remained unclear whether this high variability is due to fixed differences in habitat quality among leaves or to asynchronous temporal variation in the microbial population density on individual leaves. We developed a novel semidestructive assay to repeatedly sample the same apple leaves from orchard trees over time by removing progressively more proximal ∼1-cm-wide transverse segments. Aureobasidium pullulans densities were determined by standard leaf homogenization and plating procedures and were expressed as CFU per square centimeter of segment. The A. pullulans population densities among leaves were lognormally distributed. The variability in A. pullulans population densities among subsections of a given leaf was one-third to one-ninth the variability among whole leaves harvested concurrently. Sequential harvesting of leaf segments did not result in detectable changes in A. pullulans density on residual leaf surfaces. These findings implied that we could infer whole-leaf A. pullulans densities over time by using partial leaves. When this successive sampling regimen was applied over the course of multiple 7- to 8-day experiments, the among-leaf effects were virtually always the predominant source of variance in A. pullulans density estimates. Changes in A. pullulans density tended to be synchronous among leaves, such that the rank order of leaves arrayed with respect to A. pullulans density was largely maintained through time. Occasional periods of asynchrony were observed, but idiosyncratic changes in A. pullulans density did not contribute appreciably to variation in the distribution of populations among leaves. This suggests that persistent differences in habitat (leaf) quality are primarily responsible for the variation in A. pullulans density among leaves in nature.
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Mishra, Bishwambhar, Vuppu Suneetha, and C. Ramalingam. "An overview of Mechanistic Characterization and optimization of Pullulan producing microorganism." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 1, no. 3 (July 9, 2011): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.1(3).p147-151.
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Pullulan is the generic name given to waterâ€Âsoluble homopolysaccharide thatis produced extracellularly by the polymorphic micromycete Aureobasidiumpullulans. It is a linear αâ€Âdâ€Âglucan, made mainly of maltotriose repeatingunits interconnected by α (1→6) linkages. The present study was carried outto isolate effective pullulan producing strains of A. pullulans from plantleaves collected from a village named Iruvaram in Chittoor district (AndhraPradesh). Two strains of A. pullulans were isolated, out of which SSW strainwas isolated from the leaves of Ficus benghalensis and SSP strain was isolatedfrom the leaves of Mangifera indica. The strains isolated proved that A.pullulans is a ubiquitous fungus and phylloplane being the important habitatof the organism. The colour variant pullulan–hyper producing strain SSWshowed colourless colonies in the production medium and produced pinkcolour pigment in the production broth. The optimization of the medium forpullulan production in SSW strain considering different carbon sources, nitrogensources, temperature and pH was carried out in the study. The confirmationand purification of exopolysaccharide was performed by thin layerchromatography using pullulan from Sigma, U.S.A as standard.
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Aswiny, N., K. Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan, I. Yesuraja, P. Chandramani, and R. Subhashini. "Growth Promoting Trait of Yeasts Isolated from Tomato in Relation to IAA Production." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (September 4, 2023): 2186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102880.
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Yeasts are the useful microorganism widely present in nature and are the common inhabitants of soil, vegetation, and other environments. Through this study, thirty yeast isolates were isolated from phylloplane, fructoplane and as endophyte from leaves and fruits of tomato plant. The most effective one in promoting plant growth and IAA production was recorded in the isolate PY 15 (11.35±0.495 µg/mL) and it was followed by PY14 (10.38±0.452 µg/mL) and least recorded in the FY1 (0.53±0.03 µg/mL) isolate. Among the various isolates tested in vitro for the promotion of growth, the highest root and shoot length of 7.56±0.007 cm and 31.79±0.802 cm was recorded in the effective isolate PY15. The effective isolate (PY15) was identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii (QR485249) based on morphological and molecular characterization. This study result concluded with statement that yeast strains found to promote plant growth by IAA production and could be considered for the development of biological products to enhance plant growth and to replace/reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers in the market.
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Fatiah, Raudhatul, Irfan Suliansyah, Djong Hon Tjong, Lily Syukriani, Roza Yunita, Robi Trivano, Nurefni Azizah, and Jamsari Jamsari. "Genome of Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13, Insight into diverse unique traits." F1000Research 10 (August 18, 2021): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.54402.1.
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Background: Whole genome sequencing is become an essential tool to explore potential of microorganism and evolutionary study. The Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 is one of phylloplane associated plant bacteria showing antifungal activity. For that reason, its complete genome information is necessary to enhance its potential as biocontrol against plant pathogenic fungal. Here, we report the genome sequence of Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 to understand the molecular mechanism regarding its biocontrol ability. Methods: Continuous short reads were attained from Illumina sequencing runs and reads 150 bp were merged into a single dataset. Pan-genome based method was used to identify core-genome of S. plymuthica species and unique gene in UBCF_13. Results: Assambled Illumina reads of S. plymuthica strain UBCF_13 genome was produced a 5.46 Mb circular genome sequence. It was found 3321 genes belong to the core-genome sheared by the 18 strains evaluated. The UBCF_13 genome harbor 485 unique genes, where 300 of them only can be found in this strain Conclusions: The sequence of UBCF_13 genome sequence data will contribute for further exploration of the potential of S. plymuthica UBCF_13 as bacteria producing antibiotic.
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Zugaib, Maria, Dayanne Silva Monteiro de Almeida, Monique Reis de Santana, Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira, Juliano Oliveira Santana, Pedro Antônio Oliveira Mangabeira, Jorge Teodoro de Souza, and Carlos Priminho Pirovani. "Pre-infection Mechanisms on the Phylloplane: The First Biochemical Battlefield Between the Cacao Tree and Witches' Broom Pathogen." Frontiers in Agronomy 4 (May 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.871908.
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The leaf surface combines biochemical substances and pre-existing morphological structures, as well as the presence of microorganisms. This dynamic environment constitutes a plant's initial defense, as well as the first contact of phytopathogens during invasion. Spore germination starts on the phylloplane and is a fundamental process for fungal development, and hence the establishment of disease. In this review, we address the phylloplane's innate defense mechanisms and biochemical reactions involved in the early stage of phytopathogenic fungal development. The focus is present the pre-infection molecular and biochemical processes of the interaction between Theobroma cacao and Moniliophthora perniciosa, showing how the defense mechanisms of the phylloplane can act to inhibit proteins involved at the beginning of fungal spore germination. We conclude that the phylloplane of the cocoa resistant genotype to M. perniciosa has performed chemical compounds, pre-existing morphological structures and the presence of microorganisms that participate in the pre-infection defense of the plant. Also, the inhibition of proteins involved in the germination mechanism of M. perniciosa basidiospores by chemical and structural compounds present in the cocoa phylloplane may decrease the disease index. Therefore, understanding how the phylloplane defense acts in the fungal spore germination process is essential to develop pre-infection control strategies for cacao plants against witches' broom.
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Bogdanova, Ianina, Anatoly Pautov, Marina Zelenskaya, Elena Krylova, and Dmitry Vlasov. "Seasonal changes in the phylloplane of genus Gnetum (Gnetaceae) representatives in greenhouse conditions." Biological Communications 64, no. 4 (January 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2019.405.
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The leaf surface, or phylloplane, is inhabited by various microorganisms. Micromycetes are typical organisms of the phylloplane that are able to exert negative effects on plants. Seventeen species of micromycetes were indicated in the phylloplanes of G. gnemon and G. montanum. Micromycetes form biofilms on the surface of the upper epidermis. In the lower epidermis, they mainly colonize cork warts and destroy their cells. Collapsing cells and the micromycetes are isolated from the living tissues of leaves by layers of densely arranged cells. During changes from season to season, the number of disappearing micromycete species in the upper epidermis is approximately equal to the number of appearing new species. The total number of micromycete species in the phylloplane of the lower epidermis is reduced in winter. Structural organization, biodiversity, seasonal changes in the phylloplane and the influence of its micromycetes on leaf cells differ in the upper and lower epidermis of Gnetum leaves.
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Stevens, Vincent, Sofie Thijs, and Jaco Vangronsveld. "Diversity and plant growth-promoting potential of (un)culturable bacteria in the Hedera helix phylloplane." BMC Microbiology 21, no. 1 (February 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-021-02119-z.
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Abstract Background A diverse community of microbes naturally exists on the phylloplane, the surface of leaves. It is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth and bacteria are the most abundant members, living in communities that are highly dynamic. Today, one of the key challenges for microbiologists is to develop strategies to culture the vast diversity of microorganisms that have been detected in metagenomic surveys. Results We isolated bacteria from the phylloplane of Hedera helix (common ivy), a widespread evergreen, using five growth media: Luria–Bertani (LB), LB01, yeast extract–mannitol (YMA), yeast extract–flour (YFlour), and YEx. We also included a comparison with the uncultured phylloplane, which we showed to be dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Inter-sample (beta) diversity shifted from LB and LB01 containing the highest amount of resources to YEx, YMA, and YFlour which are more selective. All growth media equally favoured Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes could only be found on LB01, YEx, and YMA. LB and LB01 favoured Firmicutes and YFlour was most selective for Betaproteobacteria. At the genus level, LB favoured the growth of Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas, while YFlour was most selective for Burkholderia and Curtobacterium. The in vitro plant growth promotion (PGP) profile of 200 isolates obtained in this study indicates that previously uncultured bacteria from the phylloplane may have potential applications in phytoremediation and other plant-based biotechnologies. Conclusions This study gives first insights into the total bacterial community of the H. helix phylloplane, including an evaluation of its culturability using five different growth media. We further provide a collection of 200 bacterial isolates underrepresented in current databases, including the characterization of PGP profiles. Here we highlight the potential of simple strategies to obtain higher microbial diversity from environmental samples and the use of high-throughput sequencing to guide isolate selection from a variety of growth media.
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AGOGBUA, JOSEPHINE U., and SMILE I. NWALA. "MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYLLOPLANE MICROBES ASSOCIATED WITH SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L.) LAM.)." PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, May 10, 2022, 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2022/v23i19-207671.
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The phylloplane of plants are associated with diverse micro-organisms which could be phytopathogens or non-pathogenic beneficial microbes. This study aimed at the isolation, characterization and identification of fungi and bacteria associated with the phylloplane of seven sweet potato varieties (UMUSPO 1, UMUSPO 2, UMUSPO 3, UMUSPO 4, TiS 0.87, Mother delight and King James) using molecular techniques. Leaf samples were collected from field-grown plants and taken to the laboratory for isolation of associated phylloplane microbes. The fungi and bacteria were isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and nutrient agar respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the fungi isolated from UMUSPO3 and UMUSPO4 varieties while bacterial DNA was extracted from UMUSPO 4. The genomic DNA was extracted using Zymo Quick-DNA fungal /Bacterial MiniPrep kit. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification targeted the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene for the fungi and the 16S gene for the bacteria using universal primer pairs (ITS4 and ITS5 for the fungal DNA, and 27F and 1525R for the bacterial DNA). The sequence of each organism was aligned with the sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The result of the alignment revealed that the fungal isolate of UMUSPO3 was 95.07% identical to Trichoderma koningiopsis (AJ27995.1) and the fungal isolate of UMUSPO4 was 91.67% identical to Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus (MI4384816.1). The bacterial isolate of UMUSPO4 was 100% identical to Bacillus cereus (MK120124.1). This study has revealed some of the microorganisms associated with the phylloplane of sweet potato in the study area.
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Saikia, Swagata. "Unravelling Detailed Insights on Phylloplane Bacteria: A Review." Agricultural Reviews, Of (October 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2321.
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A fast-growing field of research focuses on microbial biocontrol within the phyllosphere. Phyllosphere microorganisms possess biocontrol capacity with good range of adaptation to the phyllosphere environment and inhibit the expansion of microbial pathogens, thus sustaining plant health. These biocontrol factors are often categorized in direct, microbe-microbe, and indirect, host-microbe, interactions. This review gives an summary of the modes of action of microbial adaptation and biocontrol within the phyllosphere, the genetic basis of the mechanisms and samples of experiments which will detect these mechanisms in laboratory and field experiments. Detailed insights in such mechanisms are key for the rational design of novel microbial biocontrol strategies and increase crop protection and production. Such novel biocontrol strategies are much needed in today’s world to ensure sufficient food production to feed the growing world population.
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Xiong, Chao, Brajesh K. Singh, Yong-Guan Zhu, Hang-Wei Hu, Pei-Pei Li, Yan-Lai Han, Li-Li Han, et al. "Microbial species pool-mediated diazotrophic community assembly in crop microbiomes during plant development." mSystems, March 19, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.01055-23.
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ABSTRACT Plant-associated diazotrophs strongly relate to plant nitrogen (N) supply and growth. However, our knowledge of diazotrophic community assembly and microbial N metabolism in plant microbiomes is largely limited. Here we examined the assembly and temporal dynamics of diazotrophic communities across multiple compartments (soils, epiphytic and endophytic niches of root and leaf, and grain) of three cereal crops (maize, wheat, and barley) and identified the potential N-cycling pathways in phylloplane microbiomes. Our results demonstrated that the microbial species pool, influenced by site-specific environmental factors (e.g., edaphic factors), had a stronger effect than host selection (i.e., plant species and developmental stage) in shaping diazotrophic communities across the soil–plant continuum. Crop diazotrophic communities were dominated by a few taxa (~0.7% of diazotrophic phylotypes) which were mainly affiliated with Methylobacterium , Azospirillum , Bradyrhizobium , and Rhizobium . Furthermore, eight dominant taxa belonging to Azospirillum and Methylobacterium were identified as keystone diazotrophic taxa for three crops and were potentially associated with microbial network stability and crop yields. Metagenomic binning recovered 58 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the phylloplane, and the majority of them were identified as novel species (37 MAGs) and harbored genes potentially related to multiple N metabolism processes (e.g., nitrate reduction). Notably, for the first time, a high-quality MAG harboring genes involved in the complete denitrification process was recovered in the phylloplane and showed high identity to Pseudomonas mendocina . Overall, these findings significantly expand our understanding of ecological drivers of crop diazotrophs and provide new insights into the potential microbial N metabolism in the phyllosphere. IMPORTANCE Plants harbor diverse nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (i.e., diazotrophic communities) in both belowground and aboveground tissues, which play a vital role in plant nitrogen supply and growth promotion. Understanding the assembly and temporal dynamics of crop diazotrophic communities is a prerequisite for harnessing them to promote plant growth. In this study, we show that the site-specific microbial species pool largely shapes the structure of diazotrophic communities in the leaves and roots of three cereal crops. We further identify keystone diazotrophic taxa in crop microbiomes and characterize potential microbial N metabolism pathways in the phyllosphere, which provides essential information for developing microbiome-based tools in future sustainable agricultural production.
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Lin, Qi, Ying Wang, Miaomiao Li, Zhixia Xu, and Lei Li. "Ecological niche selection shapes the assembly and diversity of microbial communities in Casuarina equisetifolia L." Frontiers in Plant Science 13 (October 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.988485.
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The plant microbiome profoundly affects many aspects of host performance; however, the ecological processes by which plant hosts govern microbiome assembly, function, and dispersal remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the bacterial and fungal communities in multiple compartment niches (bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, root endosphere, phylloplane, and leaf endosphere) of Casuarina equisetifolia L. at three developmental stages in Hainan Province, China. We found that microbiome assemblages along the soil–plant continuum were shaped by the compartment niches. Bacterial diversity and richness decreased from the soils to roots to leaves, with the highest network complexity found in the roots and the lowest found in the phylloplane. However, fungal diversity gradually increased from the soils to roots to phyllosphere, whereas fungal richness decreased from the soils to roots but increased from the roots to phyllosphere; the greatest network complexity was found in bulk soils and the lowest was found in the roots. Different biomarker taxa occurred in the different ecological niches. Bacterial and fungal communities exhibited distinct ecological functions; the former played important roles in maintaining plant growth and providing nutrients, whereas the latter predominantly decomposed organic matter. The bacterial community of C. equisetifolia mostly originated from bulk soil, whereas the fungal community was mainly derived from rhizosphere soil and air. Leaf endophytes were positively correlated with organic carbon, and root and soil microorganisms were positively correlated with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. Our findings provide empirical evidence for plant–microbiome interactions and contribute to future research on non-crop management and the manipulation of non-crop microbiomes.
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BUKHORI, ALPINA, DWI SURYANTO, and KIKI NURTJAHJA. "Biosurfactant activity of phylloplane bacteria from an ornamental plant, Colocasia esculenta L." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 23, no. 6 (June 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230638.
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Abstract. Bukhori A, Suryanto D, Nurtjahja K. 2022. Biosurfactant activity of phylloplane bacteria from an ornamental plant, Colocasia esculenta L. Biodiversitas 23: 3108-3114. Biosurfactants are surface-active molecules produced by living organisms predominantly by microorganisms with amphiphilic properties. Exploration of biosurfactant-producing bacteria has been promoted to find the suitable agent for mass production in the laboratory following its biochemical and genetic modification. Leaf-colonizing bacteria or phyllosphere bacteria are of great interest, including those colonizing the surface of ornamental plants which are still understudied. This study aimed to isolate the biosurfactant-producing bacteria from an ornamental plant, Colocasia esculenta L and to determine their physical characteristics. Four bacterial isolates coded as IC1, IC3, IC4 and IC5 were recovered from the surface of C. esculenta and were tested positive for their growth under Bushnell-Haas agar + 1% olive oil (v/v) as the sole carbon source. Two isolates, namely IC3 and IC5, later molecularly identified as Bacillus cereus and Alcaligenes faecalis produced the highest biosurfactant concentration (IC3 = 157 ppm, IC5 = 106 ppm) on 10th day incubation based on a colorimetric test using rhamnolipid as a standard solution. Crude biosurfactants produced by A. faecalis IC5 showed better physical attributes than B. cereus IC3 in terms of surface tension, emulsification index, and oil spreading capability on four different hydrophobic compounds i.e., kerosene, solar fuel, octane fuel (Pertalite, Pertamax). The results of this study confirmed the existence of biosurfactant-producing bacteria in C. esculenta and the possibility of developing prominent strains for the treatment of hydrocarbon pollution in the environment.
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Berlanga-Clavero, M. V., C. Molina-Santiago, A. M. Caraballo-Rodríguez, D. Petras, L. Díaz-Martínez, A. Pérez-García, A. de Vicente, V. J. Carrión, P. C. Dorrestein, and D. Romero. "Bacillus subtilis biofilm matrix components target seed oil bodies to promote growth and anti-fungal resistance in melon." Nature Microbiology, June 6, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01134-8.
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AbstractBeneficial microorganisms are used to stimulate the germination of seeds; however, their growth-promoting mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Bacillus subtilis is commonly found in association with different plant organs, providing protection against pathogens or stimulating plant growth. We report that application of B. subtilis to melon seeds results in genetic and physiological responses in seeds that alter the metabolic and developmental status in 5-d and 1-month-old plants upon germination. We analysed mutants in different components of the extracellular matrix of B. subtilis biofilms in interaction with seeds and found cooperation in bacterial colonization of seed storage tissues and growth promotion. Combining confocal microscopy with fluorogenic probes, we found that two specific components of the extracellular matrix, amyloid protein TasA and fengycin, differentially increased the concentrations of reactive oxygen species inside seeds. Further, using electron and fluorescence microscopy and metabolomics, we showed that both TasA and fengycin targeted the oil bodies in the seed endosperm, resulting in specific changes in lipid metabolism and accumulation of glutathione-related molecules. In turn, this results in two different plant growth developmental programmes: TasA and fengycin stimulate the development of radicles, and fengycin alone stimulate the growth of adult plants and resistance in the phylloplane to the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Understanding mechanisms of bacterial growth promotion will enable the design of bespoke growth promotion strains.
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Mohanty, Santosh Ranjan, Himanshu Mahawar, Apekcha Bajpai, Garima Dubey, Rakesh Parmar, Nagvanti Atoliya, Mayanglambam Homeshwari Devi, et al. "Methylotroph bacteria and cellular metabolite carotenoid alleviate ultraviolet radiation-driven abiotic stress in plants." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (January 6, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.899268.
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Increasing UV radiation in the atmosphere due to the depletion of ozone layer is emerging abiotic stress for agriculture. Although plants have evolved to adapt to UV radiation through different mechanisms, but the role of phyllosphere microorganisms in counteracting UV radiation is not well studied. The current experiment was undertaken to evaluate the role of phyllosphere Methylobacteria and its metabolite in the alleviation of abiotic stress rendered by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A potential pink pigmenting methylotroph bacterium was isolated from the phylloplane of the rice plant (oryzae sativa). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the bacterium was homologous to the Methylobacter sp. The isolate referred to as Methylobacter sp N39, produced beta-carotene at a rate (μg ml–1 d–1) of 0.45–3.09. Biosynthesis of beta-carotene was stimulated by brief exposure to UV for 10 min per 2 days. Carotenoid biosynthesis was predicted as y = 3.09 × incubation period + 22.151 (r2 = 0.90). The carotenoid extract of N39 protected E. coli from UV radiation by declining its death rate from 14.67% min–1 to 4.30% min–1 under UV radiation. Application of N39 cells and carotenoid extract also protected rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) cells from UV radiation. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the carotenoid extracts protected E. coli cells from UV radiation. Foliar application of either N39 cells or carotenoid extract enhanced the plant’s (Pigeon pea) resistance to UV irradiation. This study highlight that Methylobacter sp N39 and its carotenoid extract can be explored to manage UV radiation stress in agriculture.
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Castillo‐González, Humberto, Joshua Bloomberg, Eduardo Alvarado‐Picado, Stephanie Yarwood, and Priscila Chaverri. "Agricultural practices influence foliar endophytic communities in coffee plants of different varieties." Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 7, no. 1 (February 16, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20476.
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AbstractFungal endophytes are pivotal components of a plant's microbiome, profoundly impacting its health and fitness. Yet, myriad questions remain concerning the intricate interactions between these microorganisms and their hosts, particularly in the context of agriculturally important plants such as Coffea arabica. To bridge this knowledge gap and provide a comprehensive framework, this study investigated how farming practices shape the taxonomic and functional diversity of phylloplane endophytes in coffee. Coffee plant leaves from two distinct producing regions in Costa Rica were sampled, ensuring the representation of various coffee varieties (Obatá, Catuaí, and Caturra), agricultural management methods (organic vs. conventional), sun exposure regimes (full sunlight/monoculture vs. natural shade/agroforestry), and leaf developmental stages (newly emerged asymptomatic vs. mature leaves). Fungal communities were characterized by employing both culture‐dependent and independent techniques (internal transcribed spacer 2 nuclear ribosomal DNA metabarcoding). The results showed a greater diversity of endophytes in mature leaves and conventionally managed plants, with coffee variety exerting an unclear influence. The effect of sun exposure was surprisingly negligible. However, data emphasize the benefits of agroforestry and organic farming, which are linked to reduced putative pathogens and heightened levels of potentially mutualistic fungi, fostering functionally diverse communities. Despite the role that plant microbiomes might play in agricultural production, the knowledge to shape endophytic communities through breeding or management is lacking. The results from this study provide a framework to understand how both plant and agricultural practices influence endophyte diversity within coffee crops. These insights hold promise for guiding future efforts to manipulate coffee microbial communities effectively.
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Sun, Nan, Yuxin Wang, Jianhua Chen, Pingzhi Wang, Weitang Song, Peifang Ma, Yabin Duan, Ziyuan Jiao, and Yixiao Li. "Colonization and Interaction of Bacteria Associated With Chinese Chives Affected by Ecological Compartments and Growth Conditions." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (February 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.775002.
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Chinese chive has a long history of planting in China. At present, there are many studies on endophytic bacteria and rhizosphere microorganisms of Chinese chive, but the effects of ecological compartment and growth conditions on bacterial communities in Chinese chives are unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the differences in bacterial a-diversity, β-diversity, community structure, core species differences, interaction networks and predicted metabolic functions among bacterial communities in different ecological compartments (the phylloplane, leaf endosphere, stem endosphere, root endosphere, and rhizosphere) in Chinese chives in an open field, a solar greenhouse, an arched shed, and a hydroponic system. Sixty samples were collected from these five ecological compartments under four growth conditions, and we compared the bacterial profiles of these groups using 16S rRNA sequencing. We evaluated the differences in diversity and composition among bacterial communities in these ecological compartments, analyzed the bacterial interaction patterns under the different growth conditions, and predicted the bacterial metabolic pathways in these ecological compartments and growth conditions. The results showed that the effects of ecological compartments on bacterial diversity, community composition, interaction network pattern, and functional expression of Chinese chives were greater than those of growth condition. Ecological compartments (R2 = 0.5292) could better explain bacterial community division than growth conditions (R2 = 0.1056). The microbial interaction networks and indicator bacteria in different ecological compartments showed that most of the bacteria that played the role of key nodes (OTUs) in each ecological compartment were bacteria with high relative abundance in the compartment. However, the bacteria that played the role of key nodes (OTUs) in bulbs were not Proteobacteria with the highest relative abundance in the compartment, but Actinobacteria that were significantly enriched in the root endosphere and rhizosphere ecological compartments. In addition, interactions among bacteria were interrupted in the hydroponic system, and specific bacterial communities and interaction patterns in Chinese chives varied among growth conditions. Prediction of metabolic functions indicated that plant metabolic activity related to stress responses and induction of system resistance was greater in belowground ecological compartments.