Journal articles on the topic 'Phrase structure'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Phrase structure.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Phrase structure.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Otgonsuren, Tseden. "Case Markers in Mongolian: A Means for Encoding Null Constituents in Noun Phrase and Relative Clause." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.1p.17.
Full textAbstract:
This paper focuses on the capacity of the case markers in the Mongolian language, as a relative element, to generate any finite noun phrase or relative clause based on their syntactic function or relationship. In Mongolian, there are two different approaches to generate noun phrases: parataxis and hypotaxis. According to my early observation, if the noun phrase generated through the parataxis, is the complement of the postpositional phrase, the head word of the relevant noun phrase can be truncated. In other words, since this head noun is governed by case marker in its null form to generate the postpositional phrase, the head noun can be encoded. The second approach generates two different types of noun phrases in their structures: free structured and non-free structured noun phrases. Of them, the free structured noun phrase allows any syntactic transformations in their internal structure based on the senses of the case markers which denote a relation. That is to say, the null constituents in this type of noun phrases can be encoded to generate an extended alternative of the noun phrase and a relative clause.
2
Preda, Alina. "Modification versus Complementation in the Structure of English Noun Phrases." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 66, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2021.2.17.
Full textAbstract:
"Modification versus Complementation in the Structure of English Noun Phrases. Apart from its head, the core element around which all the other phrasal constituents cluster, the noun phrase may contain dependent elements effecting determination (which poses few taxonomical issues), modification or complementation (two functions notoriously difficult to demarcate). This article outlines the inconsistent ways in which reference grammars make the distinction between modification and complementation in the structure of English noun phrases, and offers a more unified approach aimed to solve the terminological quandary. Keywords: complementation, modification, premodifier, postmodifier, complement, the noun phrase "
3
Jayaseelan, K. A. "Bare Phrase Structure and Specifier-less Syntax." Biolinguistics 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2008): 087–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/bioling.8623.
Full textAbstract:
It is pointed out that “specifiers” render the algorithm of projection overly complex. This consideration lends support to Starke’s (2004) reanalysis of specifiers as phrasal heads that project their own phrases — which makes phrase structure a simple sequence of head-complement relations. It is further pointed out that if head-complement relations are represented using dominance in place of sisterhood, to reflect the essentially asymmetrical nature of Merge (Chomsky 2000), a non-branching (partially linear) phrase structure tree is obtained that very naturally eliminates labels and projections. A simple Spell-Out rule then provides a linear ordering of the terminal elements. The linear tree preserves all the major results of antisymmetry.
4
Charles-Luce, Jan. "Comparison in Bambara an infinitival verb phrase." Studies in African Linguistics 17, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v17i2.107488.
Full textAbstract:
An infinitival verb phrase is generated to express comparison in Bambara. In particular, the comparative verb INFINITIVE MARKER + INTRANSITIVE phrase has the structure: VERB + NP + POSTPOSITION. The structural constraints on the comparative verb phrase are not specific to comparison, but are the more general constraints resulting from concatenating verb phrases. However, a special structural and pragmatic relation is established between the head clause and the comparative infinitival verb phrase. This relation has consequences for the structure of the NP in the comparative phrase and for deletion of lexical items within the comparative phrase. In this respect, the comparative infinitival phrase behaves differently from non-comparative infinitival verb phrases.
5
Asnawi, Asnawi. "Struktur Frasa Verbal Bahasa Banjar Hulu: Tinjauan Bentuk Gramatikal." GERAM 6, no. 1 (July 7, 2018): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/geram.2018.vol6(1).1795.
Full textAbstract:
The basis of the emergence of this research is the lack of observers or language researchers who will arouse the local language khasanah, namely Banjar Hulu language. Upstream Banjar Language is a language used by the people of Suhada Village Enok District Indragiri Hilir Regency Riau. The Banjar Hulu language is used as the majority language used by the people of Indragiri Hilir Regency Riau. However, due to the flow of modernization and assimilation will threaten the extinction and contamination of the Banjar Hulu language. Therefore, this research is expected to maintain and maintain the authenticity of Banjar Hulu language, so it is necessary to do research. This study focuses on the structure of verb phrases. With related issues about the shape or structure of the verb phrase. The purpose of the study is to describe in detail the structure of the Banjar Hulu language verb phrase. This research is a field research with qualitative type. This research was conducted in Suhada Village, Enok Sub-district, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau with research time for six months. The method used to collect data is by the technique of referring libat ably. The data of this research is phrase construction that comes from the speech of research informant. Data analyzing is done by technique of reduction, disply, and conclusion data. The results showed that there are various verbal phrases. This kevariasian found verbal language phrases Banjar Hulu language based on the class of formers and verbal phrase forming function, namely coordinative verbal phrases, modifikatif, and apositif. The results of this study are the first structure of verbal phrases based on the word class; (v) Verbal Phrase {V + Ajk}, (c) Verbal Phrases {Adv + V}, (d) Verbal Phrases {V + Prepositions}, (e) ) Verbal Phrases {V; (ba- + N) + pronomina}, (f) Verbal Phrases {V; (b) + A}, (g) Verbal Phrases {V; (b + + N) + N}. The two structures of the verbal phrase are based on the function of the constituent elements, which include (a) Coordinative Verbal Phrases, (b) Modifikattive Verb Phrases, (c) Apositive Verb Phrases.
6
TALLERMAN, MAGGIE. "Phrase structure vs. dependency: The analysis of Welsh syntactic soft mutation." Journal of Linguistics 45, no. 1 (January 28, 2009): 167–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226708005550.
Full textAbstract:
Most familiar syntactic frameworks recognize the category ‘phrase’, and are built around phrase structure relationships. However, the Word Grammar dependency model does not acknowledge the category ‘phrase’ as a primitive in the grammar; instead, all relationships are word-based, with phrases having no syntactic status. Here, I investigate the theoretical validity of the notion ‘phrase’ by examining the phenomenon in Welsh known as syntactic soft mutation, contrasting a phrase-based account with a dependency account. I conclude that an empirically adequate analysis of syntactic soft mutation must make reference to phrases as a category, thus ruling out the dependency account. A further theoretical question concerns the role played in the grammar by syntactically present but phonetically unrealized elements, including empty categories such as wh-traces and unrealized material in ellipsis. Syntactic soft mutation proves an interesting testing ground in these contexts, but the data again fail to support the dependency account. The conclusion is that a phrase-based account of the mutation is better motivated and empirically more accurate than the alternative dependency account.
7
Paperno, Denis. "Noun phrase structure." Mandenkan, no. 51 (June 1, 2014): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mandenkan.561.
Full text
8
Dean Fodor, Janet, and Stephen Crain. "Phrase structure parameters." Linguistics and Philosophy 13, no. 6 (December 1990): 619–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00627510.
Full text
9
Lowe, John, and Joseph Lovestrand. "Minimal phrase structure: a new formalized theory of phrase structure." Journal of Language Modelling 8, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v8i1.247.
Full text
10
Wang, Sue, and Gulbahar H. Beckett. "“My Excellent College Entrance Examination Achievement” — Noun Phrase Use of Chinese EFL Students’ Writing." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0802.07.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have shown that phrasal structure, particularly complex noun phrases with phrasal modifiers, is a feature of advanced academic writing. Therefore, it would be important for those who plan to pursue further studies to learn to write in the way that is appropriate for academic writing. Using the manual annotation function of UAM corpus tool, this study compared the noun phrase use of Chinese EFL students’ writing with that of proficient language users. This study also discussed the significant differences found between these two groups in terms of noun phrase use and their implications for EFL/ ESL writing instruction.
11
Masrukhi, Moh. "Javanese Phrase Construction in Classical Books Translation." Register Journal 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v3i2.215-240.
Full textAbstract:
When the system or structure of language is used and influenced by other languages, it is called interference, and it may ruin the concept of structures. This research is about Arabic phrase construction that influenced Javanese phrase construction in classical books translation (TKK). This involvement appears when the concept of Arabic’s construction is translated literally into Javanese. The research was carried out by applying theories of interference and translation. It’s analysis approach with contrastive analysis which is allegedly enabled errors to be predicted from a comparison between Arabic’s and Javanese’s phrase construction. The data were found and collected from several classical books in Arabic language (KKbA) translated by different writers. The results show that Javanese phrase construction (as the target language), particularly, with noun phrases, with adjectival phrases, with numeral phrases, and with prepositional phrases was influenced by Arabic’s murakkab or Arabic phrase construction (as the source language). Arabic has its own concept of phrase construction. The phrase construction cannot be translated into Javanese directly through word-for-word translation or literal translation. Thus, Javanese in TKK became inconvenient and ungrammatical. Arabic phrase construction is flipped around (with noun phrases and adjectival phrases) and prepositions are used and translated improperly or in the wrong position (with prepositional phrases). This research has many implications for further use, such as: for the identification and description of the deviation of Javanese phrase construction which has been affected by direct translation from the Arabic language, and furthermore, to increase the knowledge of those who are learning by increasing the realization and awareness in writing and translating (especially from Arabic to Javanese) about the fact that Arabic and Javanese have their own regulations or patterns which are different then the other language. keywords;Influence; Literal Translation; Phrase Construction ; Murakkab
12
Legate, Julie Anne. "The configurational structure of a nonconfigurational language." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2001 1 (December 31, 2001): 61–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.1.05leg.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, I present evidence for hierarchy and movement in Warlpiri, the proto-typical nonconfigurational language. Within the verb phrase, I identify both a symmetric and an asymmetric applicative construction, show that these are problematic for an LFG-style account that claims Warlpiri has a flat syntactic structure, and outline an account of the symmetric/asymmetric applicative distinction based on a hierarchical syntactic structure. Above the verb phrase, I establish syntactic hierarchy through ordering restrictions of adverbs, and ordering of topics, wh-phrases, and focused phrases in the left periphery. Finally, I present evidence that placement of phrases in the left periphery is accomplished through movement, with new data that show island and Weak Crossover effects.
13
Krumhansl, Carol L., and Peter W. Jusczyk. "Infants’ Perception of Phrase Structure in Music." Psychological Science 1, no. 1 (January 1990): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00070.x.
Full textAbstract:
A visual preference procedure was used to examine 6- and 41/2-monthold infants’ sensitivity to phrase structure in music. Sections of Mozart minuets were divided into segments that either did or did not correspond to the phrase structure of the music. Infants in both age groups listened significantly longer to the appropriately segmented versions. Their behavior accorded well with judgments of the same materials made by adults, suggesting that protracted musical experience may not be necessary to perceive phrase structure in music. Strong correlations were found between certain musical variables and the infants’ preferences for the musical passages, pointing to acoustic properties that may be important for defining musical phrases.
14
Ozerov, Pavel. "Information structure and intonational accent in Burmese." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 43, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.20009.oze.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It tends to be assumed that tonal languages do not make use of intonational tones and accent location for the purpose of conveying information structural aspects of the utterance. This study of read-aloud stories in colloquial Burmese shows that this tonal language does resort to this sort of intonational means for information-structuring reasons. The prosody of Burmese exhibits identifiable intonational patterns, which function on the level of accentual phrases. An accentual phrase constitutes the basic prosodic unit, and it is there that we find the real interaction of information structure, intonation and tone. Accentual phrases are organised around a single accent, the location of which depends on information structural factors. Sentences can consist of a single accentual phrase or a few phrases, while the exact partition into such phrases is also motivated by information- and discourse-structuring considerations.
15
Agajie, Berhanu Asaye. "THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF AWGNI NOUN PHRASES." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v15i2.9079.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study is to examine the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrases. The assumption of Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} is holding on, and a descriptive research design was employed to explore the intended objective. Data for this research were enriched by interviewing 12 native speakers of Awgni specializing in the proposed language. Through expert samplings, 20 Noun Phrases were selected and illustrated. Results showed that the Noun Phrases in Awgni could be formed out of the head Nouns all along through other lexical categories reminiscent of the Noun Phrases, Adjective Phrases, Verb Phrases, Determiner Phrases, and Adverb Phrases. These grammatical items were serving as dependents to the head Nouns. The head Nouns in Awgni are for all time right-headed. These heads are the only obligatory constituents, while the Phrasal categories are optional elements which could be either modifiers or complements to the head Nouns. In this regard, Labeling Algorithm explicitly chooses the contiguous Noun heads that are the label of the complete Syntactic Objects (SOs) anticipated for all Noun Phrase structures.
16
Akmal, Akmal, and Jamaluddin Nasution. "Noun Phrase In Minang Language." Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/aksara.7.3.1077-1086.2021.
Full textAbstract:
Phrase structure rules express the basic structural facts of the language in the form of “phrase markers”. This study discussed about the noun phrase in Minangkabau Language. The aim of this study is to find out the noun phrases of Minangkabau Language and how the noun phrases are used in the language. The used method is qualitative research design by interviewing the native speakers of Minangkabau by using the depth interview. the participants are the people who lived in Sukaramai Districts. They were born in Pariaman Districts and they are educated people who understand about the phrase structure.The researcher described the finding data more details. In this study, there are six noun phrase forms in Minangkabau Language and there is one unique form. The noun phrases are implicated in the daily activity of society. In fact, there was a unique noun phrase in Minang Language namely: Noun Phrase (NP) is N1 + sa + N2.
17
Soames, Scott, Gerald Gazdar, Ewan Klein, Geoffrey Pullum, and Ivan Sag. "Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar." Philosophical Review 98, no. 4 (October 1989): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2185122.
Full text
18
Brody, Michael. "Projection and Phrase Structure." Linguistic Inquiry 29, no. 3 (July 1998): 367–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438998553798.
Full textAbstract:
Perfect Syntax dispenses with the idea of externally forced imperfections in syntax. This article presents a system of principles relating (L) LF representations and lexical items that aims to be compatible with this assumption. The core of this theory is that phrase structures are viewed as projection lines (lexical items and their projections) linked by an Insert relation. This explains uniqueness and locality of projection, the fact that phrases and nonphrasal elements can immediately dominate each other only when they are part of the same projection line, and most effects of the “target projects” requirement. I attribute a residue to the Generalized Projection Principle, for which I also provide an explanation. In addition, I explore various consequences of the present approach for the Move/Chain relation.
19
Johnsen, Lars G. "Phrase structure and government." Lingua 84, no. 2-3 (July 1991): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(91)90073-e.
Full text
20
Kashiwadate, Kei, Tetsuya Yasuda, Koji Fujita, Sotaro Kita, and Harumi Kobayashi. "Syntactic Structure Influences Speech-Gesture Synchronization." Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science 11, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5178/lebs.2020.73.
Full textAbstract:
It is known that a phrase may have multiple meanings. Phrases such as “green tea cup” may be interpreted with two different meanings—a “green-colored tea cup” or a “cup of green tea.” Then how people know the exact meanings of apparently syntactically ambiguous linguistic expressions? We propose that gesture that accompanies speech may help disambiguate syntactically ambiguous structures. The present study investigated whether the difference in phrase structures influences the production of gestures. Participants produced gestures as they produced a Japanese four-word phrases. We examined all possible synchronization patterns of speech and gestures. We found, for the first time, gestures tended to synchronize with the chunks of words that form a constituent in syntactic structures. Our study suggests that gestures may play an important role in disambiguating syntactically ambiguous phrases. This could be a reason why humans have continuously used gestures even after they acquired a powerful tool of language and why today, they still produce language-redundant gestures.
21
Kügler, Frank. "Phonological phrasing and ATR vowel harmony in Akan." Phonology 32, no. 1 (May 2015): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675715000081.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines phonological phrasing in the Kwa language Akan. Regressive [+ATR] vowel harmony between words (RVH) serves as a hitherto unreported diagnostic of phonological phrasing. In this paper I discuss VP-internal and NP-internal structures, as well as SVO(O) and serial verb constructions. RVH is a general process in Akan grammar, although it is blocked in certain contexts. The analysis of phonological phrasing relies on universal syntax–phonology mapping constraints whereby lexically headed syntactic phrases are mapped onto phonological phrases. Blocking contexts call for a domain-sensitive analysis of RVH assuming recursive prosodic structure which makes reference to maximal and non-maximal phonological phrases. It is proposed (i) that phonological phrase structure is isomorphic to syntactic structure in Akan, and (ii) that the process of RVH is blocked at the edge of a maximal phonological phrase; this is formulated in terms of a domain-sensitive CrispEdge constraint.
22
Love, Stefan. "An Approach to Phrase Rhythm in Jazz." Journal of Jazz Studies 8, no. 1 (July 17, 2012): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/jjs.v8i1.35.
Full textAbstract:
In jazz improvisation, the meter of the original theme is strictly preserved, and the middleground harmonies are maintained, while the original melody is varied freely, especially with respect to its grouping structure—where phrases begin and end. This poses problems for theories of phrase rhythm that rely on a tonal definition of the phrase. In this paper, I propose a new approach to jazz phrase rhythm. First, I divide a melody into segments on the basis of four criteria. Then I classify each segment on the basis of its relationship to the meter and to surrounding segments. The result is a hierarchy of metrically defined phrases. Phrase rhythm <em>consonance</em> and <em>dissonance</em> are the alignment or misalignment of phrases with the meter. Skilled soloists manipulate phrase rhythm as they would any other element of a solo. I conclude with an ambiguous example, to demonstrate how phrase-rhythm analysis can present competing interpretations of the same passage.
23
Al Qorin, Amami Shofiya, Afifah Akmalia, A. Syaifudin, Diandra Ariesta Lily Effendy, and Imam Asrori. "A Contrastive Analysis of Adjective Structure in Indonesian and Arabic and the Implication in Teaching Arabic | Tahlīl At-Tarkīb An-Na’tī At-Taqābulī fī Al-Lughah Al-Indūnīsīyāh wa Al-‘Arabīyah wa Istifādah Natāijih fī Ta’līm Al-‘Arabīyah." Al-Ta'rib : Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Palangka Raya 10, no. 1 (June 3, 2022): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/altarib.v10i1.3593.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesian as a mother tongue has characteristics that distinguish it from Arabic. The existing differences cause difficulties in learning Arabic. This study aims to conduct a contrastive analysis of adjective phrases between Indonesian and Arabic and explain the implications of the results in learning Arabic. This study is library research on Arabic and Indonesian literature by collecting data in adjective phrase examples using listening and note-taking method. The results of this study show similarities and differences between Indonesian and Arabic adjective phrases. The existing similarities include: 1) similarities in the order of forming elements of the adjective phrase, 2) similarities in the purpose of the phrase-forming elements, 3) similarities in the position of the phrase, specifically in mubtada', khabar, subject, object, and syibhu al-jumlah. Meanwhile, the differences between adjective phrases lie on the compatibility between the phrase-forming elements that exist in Arabic adjective phrases but are not applicable in Indonesian, which are muannats-mudzakkar, ma'rifah-nakirah, number and position of the phrase in a sentence. The results of this contrastive analysis in learning Arabic have direct implications for predicting students' errors when studying Arabic adjective phrase, sorting teaching materials and selecting learning strategies for Arabic adjective phrase.
24
Putri, Alfini Iasya. "A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS ON THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF SURAH AL QIYAMAH USING TREE DIAGRAMS." LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal 7, no. 1 (July 17, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/let.v7i1.1510.
Full textAbstract:
In this research, the researcher analyzed syntactical patterns of the whole verses (ayah) in the English translation of surah Al Qiyamah, which has 40 ayah, using tree diagrams theory to be able drawing and seeing hierarchical syntax structure of the verses in the surah. After analyzing the data, the researcher finally found twenty four syntactic patterns of the surah: there are sixteen patterns of sentence and eight patterns of phrases. The phrases patterns are : a) the pattern of noun phrase appears in one position, b) the patterns of verb phrase appear in three position, c) the patterns of adjective phrase appear in two position, d) the pattern of prepositional phrase appears in one position, and e) the pattern of complement phrase appears in one position
25
Mohd Amin, Noraziah, and Norhasni Mohd Amin. "The Perception of Young Learners towards “Walking Phrase” Activity: Is It Effective in Engaging Them in English Phrase Reading and Sentence Writing?" International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v3i3.7680.
Full textAbstract:
Learning sentence structure is usually not seen as an enjoyable learning experience, while writing is a complex system of communication, which means learning how to write can pose some difficulties. Thus, “Walking Phrase” activity was introduced to 26 young learners of Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Wangsa as a technique for engaging them in reading phrases and writing sentences. The objective of this study was to investigate the perception of these young learners towards the use of “Walking Phrase” as an effective strategy in engaging them in English phrase reading and sentence writing. “Walking Phrase” is a learning strategy that involves simple phrases and then learners try to use them in structuring sentences. As for the present study, the students each wore a phrase card. Then they read and memorized the short phrases written on the cards. The students then wrote the phrases in their writing booklets and also wrote complete sentences using the phrases. A questionnaire which comprised sixteen “Yes”/“No” questions was administered each of the 26 participants who were Year 6 students of the primary school in order to investigate their perception towards “Walking Phrase” activity. Based on the findings obtained, the majority of the students viewed “Walking Phrase” activity as an effective strategy in engaging them in reading phrases and writing sentences of English.
26
Septiana, Dwiani. "STRUKTUR DAN MAKNA FRASA NOMINAL DALAM BAHASA MAANYAN." TELAGA BAHASA 5, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36843/tb.v5i1.117.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this reserach is to describe structure and meaning of nounphrases in Maanyan language using theory of phrase structure fromBa’dulu. The data for this research are sentences in Maanyan languagecontaining noun phrases. The data were analyzed with agih method andseveral advenced techniques. The results indicate that noun phrases in BMare endocentric phrases with noun as the centre. There are eight structuresof noun phrases in BM, noun as the centre followed by (1) noun or pronounas the attribute, (2) active verb or adjective as the attribute, (3) passive verband noun as the attribute with ‘sa’ as the marker, (4) adjectiva anddemonstrative pronoun as the attribute with sa’ as the marker, (5) two ormore noun as the attribute, (6) preposisional phrase, and noun as the centrepreceded by numeral and ‘hi’ as the attribute. Noun phrase in BM haveseveral meaning, such as, summation, election, equality, explainatory,barrier, determinants, number and appellations.
27
Meyer, Rosalee K., Caroline Palmer, and Margarita Mazo. "Affective and Coherence Responses to Russian Laments." Music Perception 16, no. 1 (1998): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285782.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated the effects of formal characteristics (musical phrase structure) and nonverbal vocal gestures (gasps characteristic of crying) on affective and coherence responses to Russian laments by listeners who were familiar or unfamiliar with Russian village music. Laments were presented in semantically compatible or incompatible phrase orders with gasps present or absent. Listeners rated laments on an affective response scale (sad/happy) and a musical coherence scale (phrases follow well/phrases follow poorly). All listeners judged laments as sadder when gasps were present than absent, but effects of phrase order on affective responses were dependent on listeners' musical background. Listeners familiar with Russian laments judged all excerpts as coherent, but listeners unfamiliar with laments judged the excerpts as less coherent when gasps were present than absent. Listeners' emotional and cognitive responses to music were affected by both culture-transcendent factors (gasps characteristic of crying) and culture-specific factors (phrase structure).
28
Agajie, Berhanu Asaye. "APPLICATION OF LABELING ALGORITHM TO AWGNI SENTENCES CLASSIFIED BY THEIR STRUCTURE." LITERA 19, no. 3 (November 26, 2020): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v19i3.31162.
Full textAbstract:
Awgni is spoken by more than one million people in a widespread area in northwest Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to apply Labeling Algorithm {XP, YP} to examine Syntactic Object representations found in Awgni sentences contained by their structure. A descriptive design and purposive sampling technique were used to look at research objective. Tools used during collecting data were interview and focused group discussion. The finding showed that simple sentence structures of Awgni have no more than one Verbal head. On the other hand, compound, complex and compound complex sentence may perhaps have two and more verbal heads in their hierarchical structures. Sentences in terms of their outward appearances, structure, syntactic entity expressions they enclose were dissimilar. Thus, every sentence structure has phrasal categories that include Determiner Phrase (DP), Prepositional phrase (PP), Noun Phrase (NP), Adverb Phrase (ADVP), Verb Phrase (VP) and Adjective Phrase (AP). As a final point, it is suggested that a further research on how Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} and {X, Y} applies to examine Syntactic Object representations found within simple, compound, complex and compound complex sentences of Awgni. Keywords: Awgni, Labeling Algorithm, syntactic object, sentence PENERAPAN LABEL ALGORITMA DALAM KLASIFIKASI STRUKTUR KALIMAT BAHASA AWGNIAbstrak Awgni dituturkan oleh sekitar satu juta orang di daerah yang tersebar luas di barat laut Ethiopia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan Labeling Algorithm {XP, YP} untuk menguji representasi Objek Sintaksis yang terdapat pada kalimat Awgni yang dikandung oleh strukturnya. Desain deskriptif dan teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk melihat tujuan penelitian. Alat yang digunakan selama pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan diskusi kelompok terfokus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kalimat sederhana Awgni tidak lebih dari satu kepala Verbal. Di sisi lain, kalimat majemuk, kompleks, dan majemuk mungkin memiliki dua atau lebih kepala verbal. Kalimat dalam hal penampilan luar, struktur, ekspresi entitas sintaksis yang mereka lampirkan tidak sama. Dengan demikian, setiap struktur kalimat memiliki kategori frasa yang meliputi Determiner Phrase (DP), Prepositional phrase (PP), Noun Phrase (NP), Adverb Phrase (ADVP), Verb Phrase (VP) dan Adjective Phrase (AP). Sebagai poin akhir, direkomendasikan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut tentang bagaimana Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} dan {X, Y} berlaku untuk memeriksa Objek Sintaksis yang ditemukan dalam kalimat sederhana, majemuk, kompleks dan kompleks majemuk dari Awgni. Kata kunci: Awgni, label algoritma, objek sintakis, kalimat
29
Nelson, Matthew J., Imen El Karoui, Kristof Giber, Xiaofang Yang, Laurent Cohen, Hilda Koopman, Sydney S. Cash, et al. "Neurophysiological dynamics of phrase-structure building during sentence processing." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 18 (April 17, 2017): E3669—E3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701590114.
Full textAbstract:
Although sentences unfold sequentially, one word at a time, most linguistic theories propose that their underlying syntactic structure involves a tree of nested phrases rather than a linear sequence of words. Whether and how the brain builds such structures, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we used human intracranial recordings and visual word-by-word presentation of sentences and word lists to investigate how left-hemispheric brain activity varies during the formation of phrase structures. In a broad set of language-related areas, comprising multiple superior temporal and inferior frontal sites, high-gamma power increased with each successive word in a sentence but decreased suddenly whenever words could be merged into a phrase. Regression analyses showed that each additional word or multiword phrase contributed a similar amount of additional brain activity, providing evidence for a merge operation that applies equally to linguistic objects of arbitrary complexity. More superficial models of language, based solely on sequential transition probability over lexical and syntactic categories, only captured activity in the posterior middle temporal gyrus. Formal model comparison indicated that the model of multiword phrase construction provided a better fit than probability-based models at most sites in superior temporal and inferior frontal cortices. Activity in those regions was consistent with a neural implementation of a bottom-up or left-corner parser of the incoming language stream. Our results provide initial intracranial evidence for the neurophysiological reality of the merge operation postulated by linguists and suggest that the brain compresses syntactically well-formed sequences of words into a hierarchy of nested phrases.
30
Yu, Mo, and Mark Dredze. "Learning Composition Models for Phrase Embeddings." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 3 (December 2015): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00135.
Full textAbstract:
Lexical embeddings can serve as useful representations for words for a variety of NLP tasks, but learning embeddings for phrases can be challenging. While separate embeddings are learned for each word, this is infeasible for every phrase. We construct phrase embeddings by learning how to compose word embeddings using features that capture phrase structure and context. We propose efficient unsupervised and task-specific learning objectives that scale our model to large datasets. We demonstrate improvements on both language modeling and several phrase semantic similarity tasks with various phrase lengths. We make the implementation of our model and the datasets available for general use.
31
Chaiyapho, Palida, and Wachiraporn Kijpoonphol. "THE EFFECT OF EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION BY USING PHRASE STRUCTURE RULES ON ACQUISITION OF NOUN CLAUSES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1382.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of explicit instruction by using phrase structure rules on acquisition of noun clauses functioning as a subject, an object of a verb and an object of the preposition since they are considered a complex structure that poses difficulty for students learning English. The participants were one class of 12th grade students studying at a secondary school in Surin, Thailand. The instruments used to collect the data were a pretest and posttest and a semi-structured interview. There were 16 training sessions. Each session was conducted within the 50-minute class period. The results of the tests showed that the explicit instruction using phrase structure rules helped improve the participants’ knowledge of noun clauses and helped the participants acquire noun clauses. The results of the semi-structured interview revealed that the participants’ opinions toward the explicit instruction using phrase structures rules were mostly positive. Many of them said that phrase structure rules helped them understand the structures and functions of noun clauses, which also helped improve their reading skills.
32
Doherty, Monika. "Relativity of sentence boundary." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 38, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.38.2.03doh.
Full textAbstract:
Si le traducteur qui traduit de l'anglais en allemand, respecte les délimitations de la phrase anglaise, la phrase qu'il obtiendra en allemand sera souvent ressentie comme étant trop longue ou trop courte. Ce résultat est dû aux différences que la structure de l'information présente en anglais et en allemand. De nombreuses traductions prouvent que lorsque l'élément le plus important de la phrase — la FOCALE — se trouve en position neutre, il est juxtaposé ä l'élément principal du syntagme verbal. Si l'on fonde la comparaison de l'anglais et de l'allemand sur le paramètre grammatical de base qu'est la latéralité, l'anglais étant une langue de latéralité gauche et l'allemand de latéralité droite, on peut affirmer que la focale se situe ä mi-chemin de la phrase en anglais et en bout de phrase en allemand. Une langue de latéralité gauche tolère la 'longueur', c'est-ä-dire que les structures moins importantes, même lorsqu'elles se présentent sous la forme de propositions, se trouveront en fin de phrase et non pas en début. En revanche, dans les langues de latéralité droite, ces structures apparaîtront au début de la phrase et non ä la fin. C'est précisément en raison de cette différence de latéralité que les traductions qui conservent la structure de l'information du texte d'origine, risquent d'être ressenties comme trop longues ou trop courtes. Parmi les différentes techniques de traduction qui permettent au traducteur de s'exprimer correctement dans la langue d'arrivée, figure le décalage, vers la droite ou vers la gauche, des délimitations de la phrase originale. Pour ce faire, le traducteur pourra soit séparer des propositions ou, inversement, unir des phrases.
33
Medeiros, David P. "Optimal Growth in Phrase Structure." Biolinguistics 2, no. 2-3 (September 23, 2008): 152–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/bioling.8639.
Full textAbstract:
This article claims that some familiar properties of phrase structure reflect laws of form. It is shown that optimal sequencing of recursive Merge operations so as to dynamically minimize c-command and containment relations in unlabeled branching forms leads to structural correlates of projection. Thus, a tendency for syntactic structures to pattern according to the X-bar schema (or other shapes exhibiting endocentricity and maximality of ‘non-head daughters’) is plausibly an emergent epiphenomenon of efficient computation. The specifier-head-complement configuration of X-bar theory is shown to be intimately connected to the Fibonacci sequence, suggesting connections with similar mathematical properties in optimal arboration and optimal packing elsewhere in nature.
34
Dehghan, Mohammad Hossein, and Heshaam Faili. "Converting Dependency Structure Into Persian Phrase Structure." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 18, no. 3 (July 24, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3314937.
Full text
35
Bili, Yunita Reny Bani. "Reordering in Kupang Malay Noun Phrase." International Journal of Linguistics Studies 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.11.
Full textAbstract:
Kupang Malay noun phrases (NP) have a unique structure. The speakers often reorder the phrases to convey a particular meaning. However, the reordering of the words in the noun phrase also has boundaries. Due to the problem, this study investigated the type of Kupang NP, its reordering pattern, its effect on the semantic content, grammatical function, and constraints of the NP reordering. This research employed Fieldworks lexical explorer (Flex) built up by SIL teams to analyze the data. The data was gathered from the online Kupang Malay Bible website. Sixty data were chosen from four out of twenty-eight books within the bible. The books are called carita mula-mula (Old Testament), Mathew, Mark, and Luke. The data consist of 30 NPs with pre-modifiers and 30 NPs constructed by post-modifiers. The result shows that pre-modifiers noun phrases undergo more reordering because they are triggered by the constituents than post-modifiers noun phrases. Most word shift does not affect a noun phrase's meaning and grammatical function.
36
OSAWA, SATOKO. "VOICE SPECIFICATION IN PHRASE STRUCTURE." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 18, no. 2 (2001): 356–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.18.356.
Full text
37
Ernst, Thomas, and Margaret J. Speas. "Phrase Structure in Natural Language." Language 69, no. 1 (March 1993): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416421.
Full text
38
Gunji, Takao, Carl Pollard, and Ivan A. Sag. "Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar." Language 72, no. 2 (June 1996): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416665.
Full text
39
Wasow, Thomas, Mark R. Baltin, and Anthony S. Kroch. "Alternative Conceptions of Phrase Structure." Language 66, no. 4 (December 1990): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414731.
Full text
40
Georgi, Doreen, and Gereon Müller. "Noun-Phrase Structure by Reprojection." Syntax 13, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2009.00132.x.
Full text
41
Wilbur, Ronnie. "Eyeblinks & ASL Phrase Structure." Sign Language Studies 1084, no. 1 (1994): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.1994.0019.
Full text
42
MORIYA, ETSURO, and FRIEDRICH OTTO. "ON ALTERNATING PHRASE-STRUCTURE GRAMMARS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 21, no. 01 (February 2010): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054110007106.
Full textAbstract:
The concepts of alternation and of state alternation are extended from context-free grammars to context-sensitive and arbitrary phrase-structure grammars. For the resulting classes of alternating grammars the expressive power is investigated with respect to the leftmost derivation mode and with respect to the unrestricted derivation mode. In particular new grammatical characterizations for the class of languages that are accepted by alternating pushdown automata are obtained in this way.
43
Fraser, Robert. "Computer perception of phrase structure." Contemporary Music Review 9, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07494469300640481.
Full text
44
Fisher, Anthony J. "Generalized generalized phrase structure grammars." Lingua 85, no. 1 (September 1991): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(91)90043-5.
Full text
45
Hudson, Richard. "Alternative conceptions of phrase structure." Lingua 83, no. 4 (April 1991): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(91)90059-e.
Full text
46
Manaster-Ramer, Alexis, and Michael B. Kac. "The concept of phrase structure." Linguistics and Philosophy 13, no. 3 (June 1990): 325–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00627711.
Full text
47
Putri, Zenabela Amalia. "NOUN PHRASES IN TOURISM SLOGANS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES." LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature 3, no. 1 (June 2, 2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55345/stba1.v3i1.10.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of the research are to find out the structure of noun phrases and to analyze the textual functions of noun phrases in tourism slogans of Asian Countries. The writer was interested in noun phrase because it is used to promote the product. To promote the product, advertising language uses slogan. Furthermore, the method and the technique used in this thesis were qualitative method and referential technique. Meanwhile, for the process of analyzing data the distributional method was used. The writer applied the theory of Robert (2006), Leech and Svantik (1975), Jacobs and Resebaum (1968) to find out the structures of noun phrase, and theory of Matheson (2005) to find out the textual functions. Based on the analysis there were several textual functions found. The first was to emphasize the noun phrase in order to attract people to visit the country. The second was to make people think, feel and believe in the situation based on the pictures of the slogans. Thus, the writer hopes the readers gain more knowledge and understanding about noun phrases especially noun phrasesin tourism slogans.
48
Aggabao, Rischelle G. "Grammatical Structures in the Written and Oral Mode of ESL Students." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 2, no. 5 (December 30, 2020): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2020.2.5.6.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the survey of frequency and occurrence of phrase structure rules used in the written and oral mode of first year tertiary ESL students. It describes the sentence-embedded structures namely, nominal, adjectival and adverbial. As far as phrase structure rules are concerned, the constituents of the noun phrase, verb phrase, adjectival phrase and adverbial phrase are given structural labels. The researcher made use of the quantitative description of the oral and written structures of 76 first year students enrolled in a language class. The results of the study show that majority of the students write their essay using nominals followed by adverbials and the least used are adjectivals. In the oral mode, the most commonly used phrase structure rules are adverbials, followed by nominals and the least used are adjectivals. Though students have a good command of English in writing and speaking, they should be exposed to different communicative situations and develop a balanced style in expressing meaning using varied grammatical structures.
49
Kurniawati, Wati. "STRUKTUR FRASA, KLAUSA, DAN KALIMAT BAHASA TALONDO." Sirok Bastra 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37671/sb.v8i1.207.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi struktur frasa, klausa, dan kalimat bahasa Talondo yang dituturkan oleh masyarakat Talondo, di Desa Bonehau, Kecamatan Bonehau, Kabupaten Mamuju. Fokus masalah dalam penelitian ini bagaimana struktur frasa, klausa, dan kalimat bahasa Talondo? Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi struktur frasa, klausa, dan kalimat bahasa Talondo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa aspek kebahasaan, yaitu frasa, klausa, dan kalimat dilakukan dengan teknik kerja sama dengan informan dan teknik kuesioner. Pengumpulan data itu dilakukan dengan kuesioner, simak, wawancara, dan catat. Sumber data lisan diperoleh dari informan penutur asli. Penentuan informan berpedoman pada kualifikasi dan kemampuan penutur. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih berdasarkan kriteria responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Talondo memiliki struktur frasa endosentris yang berkonstruksi atributif dan koordinatif. Konstruksi atributit memiliki empat tipe, yaitu nomina, verba, adjektiva, dan numeralia sebagai konstituen induk. Konstruksi koordinatif memiliki enam tipe, yaitu nomina, verba, adjektiva, preposisi, numeralia, dan adverbia sebagai konstituennya. Selain frasa endosentris, bahasa Talondo memiliki struktur frasa eksosentris yang berkonstruksi direktif, konektif, objektif, dan predikatif. Konstruksi direktif memiliki empat struktur frasa. Konstruksi konektif memiliki delapan struktur frasa. Konstruksi objektif memiliki satu struktur frasa. Konstruksi predikatif memiliki delapan struktur frasa. Sementara itu, konstruksi klausa terdiri atas unsur subjek dan predikat yang terdiri atas satu predikat atau lebih. Kalimat terdiri atas unsur predikat dan subjek dengan atau tanpa objek, pelengkap dan keterangan. Unsur predikat dan subjek merupakan unsur yang kehadirannya selalu wajib. Pola kalimat dasar meliputi tipe S-P, S-P-O, S-P-Pel, S-P-Ket, S-P-O-Pel, dan S-P-O-Ket. This research identifies the structure of phrases, clauses and sentences in the Talondo language spoken by the Talondo community, in Bonehau Village, Bonehau District, Mamuju Regency. The focus of the problem in this research is how the structure of phrases, clauses and sentences in the Talondo language? This study aims to identify the structure of Talondo phrases, clauses and sentences. This research is a field research using descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques in the form of linguistic aspects, i.e. phrases, clauses and sentences, were carried out in collaboration with informants and questionnaire techniques. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire, refer, interview, and note. Sources of oral data were obtained from native speakers of the Talondo language in Talondo Hamlet, Bonehau Village, Bonehau District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province. The determination of informants is based on the qualifications and abilities of the speaker.The sample in this study was chosen based on the criteria of the respondents. The results showed that the Talondo language had an endocentric phrase structure that was attributive and coordinated constructions. Atributive construction have four types, namely nouns, verbs, adjectives, and numeralia as parent constituents. Coordinative construction has six types, namely nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, numeralia, and adverbs as constituents. In addition to endocentric phrases, Talondo has an exocentric phrase structure that has directive, connective, objective, and predictive constraction. The directive construction has four phrase structures. Connective construction has eight phrase structures. Objective construction has one phrase structure. The predictive construction has eight phrase structures. Meanwhile, clause construction consists of subject and predicate elements consisting of one or more predicates. Sentences consist of predicate elements and subjects with or without objects, complements and captions. The element of predicate and subject is an element whose presence is always mandatory. The basic sentence patterns include type S-P, S-P-O, S-P-Comp, S-P-Capt, S-P-O-Comp, and S-P-O-Capt.
50
Jayeola, Waheed Ayisa. "Clause Structure and Word Order in Ákè." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 22, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v22i1.5.
Full textAbstract:
Ákè is by historical and linguistic facts a dialect of Edo which has not received significant linguistic attention. This neglect informs an inquiry into the in ternal structure and organization of its basic clause. This paper studies data of everyday usage of competent speakers of Ákè and argues that it displays a subject-verb-object order. The study provides a not too elaborate description of the nominal and verbal constructions in Ákè and reduces the description to analysis using the X-bar theory as conceived within the Minimalist Program. It therefore states that nominal phrases can be analysed as a projection of Determiner Phrase (DP) because independent existence is not a requirement for considering an element as the head of a projection. The variable position which the head D occupies in the superficial syntax of Ákè is analysed as the effect of movement for feature checking. In the spirit of the Minimalist Program, this study recognizes the head of the clause as Tense (T), which could be overt or null and predicts that it dominates Negative Phrase (NegP) as Neg is assumed to c-select the Verb Phrase (VP).