Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phragmites australis

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Academic literature on the topic 'Phragmites australis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Phragmites australis"

1

Zeng, Tao, and Hui Huang. "Biomass of Phragmites australis and Effect Factors Analyzing in Zha Long Wetland." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1119.

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Phragmites australis are the typical vegetation in Zha Long National Natural Reserve. From August 10th to August 21st in 2006, we chose 60 quadrats in 15 sample sites, investigated the reed biomass, height, diameter, water nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. The results are as follow: 1) the average biomass of Phragmites australis models is 2858g•m-2 and the biomass between 15 sample sites is from 2029.0 to 4067.4 g•m-2; 2) the moisture content of Phragmites australis is from 42.95% to 64.95%. The average height of Phragmites australis is 272.47cm, and the average diameter of Phragmites australis is 0.51cm; 3) the NP weight ratio in each sample site concentrate from 9.18 to 15.79. Nitrogen is the most important limiting factor in Phragmites australis vegetation growing while phosphorus is not the limiting factor; 4) the Phragmites australis biomass is restricted by many factors especially water depth and water nitrogen concentration. But the phosphorus concentration in water has irrelativeness with Phragmites australis biomass.
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Shu, Zhan, Xue Ying Di, and Hui Huang. "The Biomass of Phragmites australis and Influencing Factors Analysis in Zha Long Wetland." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.844.

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Phragmites australis are the typical vegetation in Zha Long National Natural Reserve. From August 10 to August 21st in 2006, we chose 60 quadrats in 15 sample sites, investigated the reed biomass, height, diameter, water nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. The results are as follow: 1) the average biomass of Phragmites australis models is 2858g•m-2 and the biomass between 15 sample sites is from 2029.0 to 4067.4 g•m-2; 2) the moisture content of Phragmites australis is from 42.95% to 64.95%. The average height of Phragmites australis is 272.47cm, and the average diameter of Phragmites australis is 0.51cm; 3) the NP weight ratio in each sample site concentrate from 9.18 to 15.79. Nitrogen is the most important limiting factor in Phragmites australis vegetation growing while phosphorus is not the limiting factor; 4) the Phragmites australis biomass is restricted by many factors especially water depth and water nitrogen concentration. But the phosphorus concentration in water has irrelativeness with Phragmites australis biomass.
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Hou, Yong Xia, Yan Wang, Hui Yin Li, Xin Xin Li, and Xiao Jun Hu. "Accumulation and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Phragmites australis in the Wetland of Liaohe River Estuary." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.994.

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Phytoextraction has been recognized as an alternative technique for the remediation of wetland contaminated by heavy metals. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of heavy metal phytoextaction by phragmites australis and the distribution in soils and phragmites australis of 13 sampling points distributed in fields of Zhaoquanhe, Yangjuanzi and Dongguo in Liaohe estuary.The results showed that the content of heavy metal of Cu and Zn is close in the three phragmites australis fields. The content of heavy metal of Pb in Dongguo field is higher than the others. The content of heavy metal of Cd is lowest for all the heavy metals in the three fields. For the content of heavy metal in different layer soils in the three phragmites australis fields, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Pb, Zn in soils of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm is higher than in other layer soils. for Cd in soils of 0-30 cm is higher than in other layer soils. And the content of heavy metal in siols of 30-40 cm is lowest for all the heavy metals. The transfer and interaction of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil- phragmites australis systems in the three fields is studied, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is that soils>phragmites australis of aerial part>phragmites australis of underground part, and for the content of heavy metal of Pb, soils>phragmites australis of aerial part≈phragmites australis of underground part. The biological concentration factor of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is low and transfer coefficient is high relatively .
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Ramadan, Rawan, Ali Jahami, Jamal Khatib, Hilal El-Hassan, and Adel Elkordi. "Improving Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Phragmites Australis Fiber and Waste Glass Additives." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2023): 4206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074206.

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The construction industry has seen a growing emphasis on the use of sustainable materials in recent years. This is driven by various factors, including a desire to reduce environmental impact, improve indoor air quality, and promote the health and well-being of building occupants. One sustainable material that is being increasingly utilized in construction is natural fibers. Phragmites australis fibers, in particular, are renewable, biodegradable, and have a low carbon footprint. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of Phragmites australis fibers on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams. Five concrete mixes were utilized in the experiment, with the control mix having a 1:1.5:3 ratio of cement to sand to coarse aggregate by weight. The other four mixes incorporated Phragmites australis fibers at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of the volume of the mix, with cement replaced by 10% glass by weight. The water-to-cement ratio was set at 0.4 for all mixes. Concrete cubes, cylinders, and prisms were prepared to determine mechanical and physical properties, while reinforced concrete beams were used to assess structural performance. The results of the experiment showed that the addition of Phragmites australis fibers slightly decreased the compressive and tensile strength of the concrete compared to the control mix. However, the inclusion of 0.5% Phragmites australis fibers enhanced the split tensile and flexural strength of the concrete. In terms of reinforced concrete beams, the maximum load-bearing capacity was realized for the mix with 10% glass and 0% Phragmites australis fibers. However, the highest ductility index and deflection were achieved for the mix with 10% glass and 0.5% Phragmites australis fibers. Therefore, the use of Phragmites australis fibers can improve the structural performance of concrete.
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Yadav, Shweta, Jhalesh Kumar, Sandeep Kumar Malyan, Rajesh Singh, Omkar Singh, Vikas Chandra Goyal, Jyoti Singh, and Ritika Negi. "Evaluating Pilot-Scale Floating Wetland for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Canna indica and Phragmites australis as Plant Species." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 12, 2023): 13601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813601.

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Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), also called constructed floating wetlands or floating islands, are a recent innovation in constructed wetlands (CWs) inspired by natural wetlands. In FTWs, emergent plants grown hydroponically on buoyant mats are used for wastewater treatment, which makes them far more economical than other CWs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of FTWs for the treatment of municipal wastewater from an urban drain using native plant species Canna indica and Phragmites australis. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out using four FTW treatment cells with different plant coverages for pollutant removal: C1 (Canna indica, 100% coverage), C2 (Phragmites australis, 100% coverage), C3 (Phragmites australis, 50% coverage), and C4 (control). Overall, treatment cells with Canna indica and Phragmites australis showed reductions in BOD5, COD, EC, TDS, NO3−, and PO43− compared with the control. Maximum BOD5 and COD removal was 53% and 50%, respectively, at 50% coverage of Phragmites australis (C3). The maximum reduction in NO3− (61%) was achieved using Canna indica at 100% coverage (C1). Conversely, moderate removal of PO43− (27%) was obtained in the control (C4) with a visibly high amount of algal growth, indicating the influence of algae on pollutant removal. This study highlights the significance of Phragmites australis for organic matter removal and Canna indica for nutrient removal, mainly NO3− from municipal wastewater. Furthermore, this study suggests that FTWs perform well for BOD5 and COD removal at 50% plant coverage (Phragmites australis) and NO3− removal at 100% coverage (Canna indica).
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Saavedra, Lourdes, Hans Portilla, Aldo Castillo, Cesar Arévalo, and Luis Aguilar. "Decrease in total hardness and amount of chlorides present in well water: influence of the aquatic plants of Phragmites australis and Lemna minor [Disminución de dureza total y cantidad de cloruros presentes en las aguas de pozos: influencia de las plantas acuáticas de Phragmites australis y Lemna minor]." Journal of Energy & Environmental Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32829/eesj.v4i2.200.

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The objective of present work was evaluating the influence Phragmites australis (common reed) and Lemna minor (duckweed) aquatic plants in the reduction of total hardness and chlorides present in the waters of wells of Huanchaquito- Trujillo. They are used by the inhabitants to irrigate crops and own consumption, affecting their health and having low production in their fields. The aquatic plants used for the treatment of well water, according to background, have a high yield in salt absorption which has allowed to decrease the amount of Chlorides and hardness present at the well’s waters of Huanchaquito every 15 days for 8 months. The data obtained in the analyses of the initial samples were: With respect to hardness 542,7 ppm; Cl- amount 300,7 ppm. After the average data obtained for the hardness were of 502,4 ppm with Lemna minor only 537,6ppm, with Phragmites australis only and 489,8 ppm with Lemna minor and Phragmites australis, In terms of the results of chlorides we have: 296,9 ppm with Lemna minor only, 248,8 ppm with Phragmites australis only and 233,8ppm with Lemna minor and Phragmites australis.
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Chitimus, Dana, Valentin Nedeff, Emilian Mosnegutu, Narcis Barsan, Oana Irimia, and Florin Nedeff. "Studies on the Accumulation, Translocation, and Enrichment Capacity of Soils and the Plant Species Phragmites Australis (Common Reed) with Heavy Metals." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (May 29, 2023): 8729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118729.

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In the present study, heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Pb, As) from former industrial areas were analyzed in soil and the plant species Phragmites Australis (common reed), a plant species found in shallow river banks. The objectives of the study were to determine the accumulation, translocation, and enrichment capacity of soils and plants (root, stem, leaf, and flower) with heavy metals, and to evaluate the potential of the plant species Phragmites Australis (common reed) in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-polluted soils. The sediments and plants investigated were particularly rich in heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, and As, and Pb and Zn concentrations were determined to be of phytotoxic level. The highest transfer coefficient of heavy metals from the soil to the root of the plant species Phragmites Australis (common reed) was for the metals Cu and Zn. The transfer of heavy metals from the root of the plant species Phragmites Australis (common reed) to the aerial part of the plant was lowest for Cu. A very low enrichment factor value was recorded for the metal As. The mobility of heavy metals was generally higher from the sediment to the plant roots, with the order of the average transfer coefficient values being Cu > Zn > Pb > As for all three areas analyzed. The translocation of heavy metals from the root to the upper aerial part of the plant was in the form of As > Pb > Zn > Cu in the plant species Phragmites australis (common reed). According to the average values obtained for the three coefficients, the accumulation, translocation, and enrichment capacity of heavy metals in soil and the plant species Phragmites Australis (common reed), it can be stated that the plant species Phragmites Australis (common reed) is very suitable for use in the process of soil remediation by phytoremediation.
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Alfa, M. I., D. Oluwaseun, D. B. Adie, H. B. Yaroson, and B. U. Ovuarume. "Evaluation of Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland for Treatment of Tannery Wastewater in Kaduna, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 28, no. 3 (March 27, 2024): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v28i3.16.

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Tannery wastewater is often characterized by their complexities in terms of contaminants and require specialized treatment technologies. Hence, the objective of this paper is to explore the performance evaluation of a laboratory-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) in the treatment of tannery wastewater in Kaduna, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. Out of the tree replica systems, two were respectively vegetated with Phragmites australis and Polygonum salicifolium + Ipomoea carnea, while the last was left un-vegetated and used to treat tannery effluent. Characteristics such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrates (NO-3), phosphates (PO43-), suspended solids (TSS) and chromium (Cr) analyzed using standard methods were used as indicators of the treatment efficiency under a 6-day Hydraulic Retention Time. The results showed that the system vegetated with Phragmites australis had the best performance in the removal of BOD, COD, NO-3, PO43- and Cr (97.9%, 94.2%, 54.4%, 44.1% and 98.4% respectively). The system vegetated with Polygonum salicifolium + Ipomoea carnea on the other hand had the best performance for SS removal (92.6%) while the system vegetated with Phragmites australis had a SS removal efficiency of 92.3%. The performance indices for unvegetated cell, Phragmites australis vegetated cell and Polygonum salicifolium + Ipomoea carnea vegetated cell were respectively, 4, 9 and 8 which shows that the cell vegetated with Phragmites australis had the best performance in the treatment of tannery wastewater. It also showed that the performance of the cell vegetated with Polygonum salicifolium + Ipomoea carnea was also comparable with that of Phragmites australis. This study demonstrated that the HSSFCW vegetated with both Phragmites australis and Polygonum salicifolium + Ipomoea carnea can effectively treat tannery wastewater. There is however a need to investigate the efficiency of the system over a longer period with consideration of microbial characteristics.
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Liu, Min, Yan Hong Li, Yang Liu, Jing Nan Zhu, Qun Fang Liu, Yin Liu, Jin Gang Gu, Xiao Xia Zhang, and Chun Li Li. "Flavobacterium phragmitis sp. nov., an endophyte of reed (Phragmites australis)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): 2717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.027417-0.

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A Gram-staining-negative bacterium, designated strain BLN2T, was isolated from within the roots of reeds (Phragmites australis) in Beijing Cuihu Wetland (China) and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The cells were yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic and devoid of flagella, but showed gliding motility. Strain BLN2T produced yellow, translucent, circular and convex colonies, with optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34.8 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain BLN2T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and was most closely related to Flavobacterium anhuiense CGMCC 1.6859T (97.0 % sequence similarity). The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain BLN2T and F. anhuiense CGMCC 1.6859T was 25.7 %. Based on the phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference presented, it is concluded that strain BLN2T represents a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium phragmitis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BLN2T ( = DSM 23314T = CGMCC 1.10370T).
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Abdullah, Mohammed Barakat, Idham Ali Abed, and Jamal Salih Alkobaisy. "Effect of Different Substrates and Supplement with Three Types of Spawn on Letinula Edodes Parameters for First Production in Iraq." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012060.

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Abstract Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) can have an important role specially in agriculture where land is limited. This study was the first step to improve mushroom cultivation in Iraq by using locally available lignocellulosic materials as substrates, supplements and types of spawn. Effect of substrates, supplements and spawn on mycelium and browning period, time of three flush, weight of three flush, biological efficiency (BE), total yield, diameter of cap and length of stalk. Used substrates were sawdust and Phragmites australis, supplements were Sesbania sesban, Trifolium and molasses factories residuals. The treatment were T1( sawdust 73%, Sesbania sesban20%), T2(Sawdust73%, Trifolium20%), T3(Phragmites australis vegetative73%, Sesbania sesban20%), T4 (Phragmites australis vegetative73%, Trifolium20%), T5 (Phragmites australis fruiting), T6 (Phragmites australis vegetative73%, Trifolium20%), T6(73%, Sesbania sesban20%) and 2% CaCO3, 5% molasses factories residuals for all treatment. Spawn used were wheat grains C1, date seeds C2, white corn grains C3. Results show that faster mycelium covering substrate was at T1 (23.167 days), T6 gave the first complete browning (55.417 days), the days of three flushes were (68.91, 88.42 and 107.83 days) for T5, T6 and T6 respectively. T6 was superior by showing highest values of weight of three flush (73.93, 76.13 and 49.06 g for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd respectively), total yield and BE (199.14 g and 49.784 % respectively), and diameter of cap and length of stalk (6.7 and 6.0 cm respectively). Hence, T6 which content of Phragmites australis in fruiting stage, Trifolium and molasses was the best substrate used in this study, while C2 (date grains) was best type of spawn.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phragmites australis"

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Reels, Graham Thomas. "Management strategies for the reed Phragmites australis (CAV.) Steud. at Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve, Hong Kong, with observations on the associated insect Fauna /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20665799.

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Neubert, Karin. "Diversität der Schilf (Phragmites australis) assoziierten Mycoflora /." Konstanz, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97944747X.

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Colville, Sonia University of Ballarat. "Community response to shading a Phragmites australis reedbed." University of Ballarat, 2005. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12753.

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The consequences of introducing riparian shade on in-stream community structure has not been well explored in south-eastern Australia. With catchment managers focusing on revegetation of riparian zones, there is a need to understand, monitor, and predict changes in ecological patters and processes that may take place as a system shifts from an open to a shaded stream community. Presented in this thesis is a conceptual model portraying possible responses of a macrophyte community to light reduction as a result of the introduction of riparian vegetation. This model was tested in the field by artificially shading sites (three shade treatments) to observe the direct effects of light reduction on Phragmites australis growth and structure and flow-on effects to associated in-stream biota."
Doctor of Philosphy
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Zawawi, Mouafaq Abbas. "Biology of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel." Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315009.

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Armstrong, Jean. "Pathways and mechanisms of aeration in Phragmites australis." Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11839.

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This thesis describes an investigation into the aeration pathways, resistances to gas-movement, mechanisms of internal aeration and the locations and quantities of oxygen efflux from the underground parts of the common reed Phragmites australis. The "ventilating pressure concept" was also tested and reappraised. Well-developed interconnecting gas-spaces within the culm, rhizome and roots offered relatively small resistance to either diffusive or convective gas transport, and the porosity of root-rhizome junctions was unusually high. Radial channels located at the nodes proved to be the only connecting points between cortex and pith in culms and rhizomes. Rhizome and old adventitious root surfaces were impermeable to oxygen but the young parts of adventitious roots and the numerous laterals readily released oxygen to anaerobic agar media and soil, markedly raising the redox potential of the rhizosphere. It was discovered that callus readily forms in Phragmites in response to wounding and senescence, blocking the gas-spaces of root-rhizome junctions, leaf-sheath-culm junctions, and rhizome nodal diaphragms. However, the culm-rhizome junctions normally remain callus-free despite senescence of the culms, and gaseous connexion between the underground parts and the atmosphere is thus maintained thoughout the year. A major discovery was that pressurised gas-flows are an important feature in Phragmites' aeration: Venturi- and/or Humidity-induced convections produced much higher rhizome oxygen concentrations and radial oxygen loss from the roots than when rhizome aeration was chiefly diffusive. Both experiments and mathematical modelling demonstrated that comparatively slow rates of convection are sufficient to achieve this. The humidity-induced convection, the first reported in a grass, was shown to be initiated chiefly in living leaf sheaths, the convected gases being transmitted via gas-spaces in the culm to those of the underground rhizome, and vented via old broken culms. The flows are particularly rapid at low atmospheric humidities and increase with increasing PAR. The major mechanism promoting the convection appears to be a humidity- induced diffusion or transitional Knudsen diffusion of atmospheric gases into the plant, the concentration gradient being maintained by the difference in humidity between the interior of the plant and the outer air. The process was mimicked and further investigated using Nuclepore membranes providing important insights into the mechanism and its modelling, and it was shown that pore diameters within the Knudsen regime are not essential to produce the static pressure differentials and convective flows found in Phragmites. The Venturi-induced convection, the first reported example in a plant, is created by the action of winds blowing across tall, dead, broken culms; air is drawn into the rhizome system via short broken culms in more sheltered positions. Mathematical models and polarographic measurements of radial oxygen loss from roots were used to estimate the quantities of oxygen which might be released by Phragmites in the root-zone process of sewage treatment. It was concluded that 5 to 12 g 02 m⁻² day⁻¹ would be a conservative estimate but that the amount could be greater or less depending upon root numbers and their physiological condition, as well as upon soil oxygen demand and diffusivities.
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Martins, Patrícia Tavares. "Decomposição in situ de Phragmites australis: comunidades bacterianas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/885.

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Mestrado em Biologia Marinha
A utilização de sacos de folhas submersos em estudos de decomposição é um método frequentemente utilizado para estudar ecossistemas de água doce. Usualmente recorre-se ao calculo da taxa de decomposição das folhas, ao padrão temporal das comunidades de macroinvertebrados e à colonização das comunidades microbianas, uma vez que durante a degradação das folhas ocorre uma sucessão de organismos, que reflecte um ajustamento das comunidades biológicas do ambiente envolvente. Neste trabalho pretende-se estudar as comunidades bacterianas que colonizam as folhas de Phragmites australis colocadas em sacos submersos num estuário e recolhidas após 3, 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias de submersão. O trabalho decorreu no canal de Mira, na Ria de Aveiro, onde foram definidas 3 áreas de amostragem (A, C e E). As comunidades bacterianas foram analisadas recorrendo a métodos moleculares, nomeadamente através da electroforese em gel com gradiente desnaturante (DGGE). Neste trabalho foi possível observar que as comunidades bacterianas colonizadoras das folhas são distintas em cada dia em todas as estações de amostragem, com excepção do 15º dia. Junto à embocadura do estuário (zona A) as comunidades bacterianas são idênticas apenas no 3º e 7º dia, apresentando diferenças significativas entre os restantes tempos de amostragem. Na região mediana do estuário (zona C) verifica-se que a comunidade bacteriana no 15º, 30º e 60º dias de amostragem não apresentam diferenças significativas, ao contrário do dia 3 e 7. No topo da região estuarina, em ambiente dulçaquicola (zona E), não foi possível analisar o 60º dia de amostragem, porém observa-se uma separação entre os dois primeiros dias de amostragem (3º e 7º) e os dois últimos (15º e 30º) nas comunidades bacterianas. Pela análise do número de ribotipos, verificou-se que apenas no 3º dia existem diferenças significativas entre as três zonas de amostragem e, no 60ºdia a zona C e E também são significativamente diferentes. Nos restantes dias o número de ribotipos é semelhante em todas as zonas. Foi ainda possível verificar que para a zona A e a zona E, não existem diferenças significativas no número de ribótipos ao longo do tempo, ao contrário do que acontece na zona C, onde ocorre um aumento gradual do número de ribotipos ao longo do tempo. ABSTRACT: The use of leaf-bags to study leaf litter decomposition is a method often used in freshwater ecosystems. Usually these studies use the rate of leaf decomposition, the temporal pattern of macroinvertebrate communities and colonization of microbial communities, because during the leaves breakdown a succession of organisms occurs, which reflects an adjustment of the biological communities in the surrounding environment. The aim of this work was to study the bacterial communities that colonize Phragmites australis leaves in the litter bags, in an estuary, after 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of submersion. The work took place in Mira channel, in Ria de Aveiro, where 3 sampling sites were established along a salinity gradient. Bacterial communities were analyzed using molecular methods, namely by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In this study it was observed that the bacterial communities that colonize the leaves submerged in Ria de Aveiro are different at all sampling sites on each day, except the 15th. At the mouth of the estuary (site A), the bacterial communities are identical in the 3rd and 7th day, showing significant differences between the remaining sampling times. In the middle estuary (site C) the bacterial community in the 15th, 30th and 60th day did not differ significantly, unlike at days 3 and 7. At the head of estuary, in freshwater (site E), it was not possible to analyze the day 60, but there was a separation in the bacterial communities between the first two days of sampling (3 and 7) and the last two (15 and 30). The analysis of the number of ribotypes, showed that there are significant differences between the three sampling areas only in the 3rd day. In day 60 sites C and E are significantly different. In the remaining days the number of ribotypes is similar in all sites. It was also possible to see that for sites A and E, there are no significant differences in the number of ribotypes over time, contrary to what happened in site C, where there was a gradual increase in the number of ribotypes over time.
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Colville, Sonia. "Community response to shading a Phragmites australis reedbed." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2005. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/54866.

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The consequences of introducing riparian shade on in-stream community structure has not been well explored in south-eastern Australia. With catchment managers focusing on revegetation of riparian zones, there is a need to understand, monitor, and predict changes in ecological patters and processes that may take place as a system shifts from an open to a shaded stream community. Presented in this thesis is a conceptual model portraying possible responses of a macrophyte community to light reduction as a result of the introduction of riparian vegetation. This model was tested in the field by artificially shading sites (three shade treatments) to observe the direct effects of light reduction on Phragmites australis growth and structure and flow-on effects to associated in-stream biota."
Doctor of Philosphy
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Colville, Sonia. "Community response to shading a Phragmites australis reedbed." University of Ballarat, 2005. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14592.

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The consequences of introducing riparian shade on in-stream community structure has not been well explored in south-eastern Australia. With catchment managers focusing on revegetation of riparian zones, there is a need to understand, monitor, and predict changes in ecological patters and processes that may take place as a system shifts from an open to a shaded stream community. Presented in this thesis is a conceptual model portraying possible responses of a macrophyte community to light reduction as a result of the introduction of riparian vegetation. This model was tested in the field by artificially shading sites (three shade treatments) to observe the direct effects of light reduction on Phragmites australis growth and structure and flow-on effects to associated in-stream biota."
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Ritterbusch, David. "Wachstum und Habitatbesetzung von Schilf (Phragmites australis) in Karpfenteichen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/147/index.html.

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Afreen-Zobayed, Fawzia. "Factors affecting the aeration and survival of Phragmites australis." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337243.

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Books on the topic "Phragmites australis"

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Haslam, S. M. A book of reed: (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel, Phragmites communis Trin.). Cardigan: Forrest Text, 2010.

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Common reed: Phragmites australis Cav. Trin. ex Steud. Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Staff, 2005.

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Miklós, Galó. Nádbetakarítás nagy teljesítményű gépekkel. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1994.

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Binz-Reist, Hans-Rudolf. Mechanische Belastbarkeit natürlicher Schilfbestände durch Wellen, Wind und Treibzeug =: Mechanical impacts on natural reed stands by wind, waves, and drift. Zürich: [Geobotanisches Institut der ETH, Stiftung Rübel], 1989.

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Boar, Rosalind R. Aspects of the ecology of the common reed, Phragmites australis, in the Norfolk Broadland. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1987.

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José, Nicolas, ed. Les hommes des roseaux. [Rodez]: Rouergue, 2012.

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Guntli, Albert P. Ligningehalt und andere Merkmale des Schilfhalmes (Phragmites australis [Cav.] Trin. ex Steudel) in Beziehung zur Röhrichtbewirtschaftung = Content of lignin and other characteristics of reed stalks (Phragmites australis [Cav.] Trin. ex Steudel) depending on management. [Zürich: Geobotanischen Institut?], 1989.

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Krumscheid-Plankert, Priska. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Nährstoffabhängigkeit des Schilfrohrs (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.): Implikationen für Röhricht-Sanierungsstrategien. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1992.

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Abbott, Sarah L. Heavy metal phytotoxicity: The effects of lead on the common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1998.

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Guilizzoni, P. Biomassa, produzione e ciclo dei nutrienti nella zona umida di Fondotoce (bacino delle Isole Borromee-Lago Maggiore): Rapporto finale. Pallanza: Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, Istituto italiano di idrobiologia, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Phragmites australis"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Phragmites australis." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 425. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_7945.

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Wong, Wai Hing. "Common Reed Grass (Phragmites australis)." In Invasive Animals and Plants in Massachusetts Lakes and Rivers, 315–35. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003201106-18.

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Lüsebrink, Heike, Dorothea Koppisch, Maja Hartmann, and Michael Succow. "Abbauverhalten von Phragmites australis auf wiedervernäßten Niedermoorstandorten." In Stoffumsatz im wurzelnahen Raum, 202–8. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-91134-6_28.

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Khojimatov, Olim K., and Rainer W. Bussmann. "Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. - POACEAE." In Ethnobiology of Uzbekistan, 563–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23031-8_57.

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Pinhey, Sally, and Margaret Tebbs. "Phytoremediators." In Plants for soil regeneration: an illustrated guide, 28–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243604.0006.

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Abstract This chapter discusses phytoremediators. These species have evolved mechanisms to tolerate various metals and to accumulate them in their tissues. A selection of plants commonly used for phytoremediation such as aspen (Populus spp.), berseem or Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, common reed (Phragmites australis), moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), pennycress (Thlaspi caerulescens), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and willow (Salix spp.) are discussed in detail in this chapter.
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Chambers, Randolph M., Laura A. Meyerson, and Kimberly L. Dibble. "Ecology of Phragmites australis and Responses to Tidal Restoration." In Tidal Marsh Restoration, 81–96. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-229-7_5.

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Vymazal, Jan, and Tereza Dvořáková Březinová. "Decomposition of Phragmites australis in Relation to Depth of Flooding." In Natural and Constructed Wetlands, 57–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38927-1_4.

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Dvořáková Březinová, Tereza, and Jan Vymazal. "Distribution of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Phragmites australis Aboveground Biomass." In Natural and Constructed Wetlands, 69–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38927-1_5.

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Monteiro, A., I. Moreira, and E. Sousa. "Effect of prior common reed (Phragmites australis) cutting on herbicide efficacy." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 305–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_44.

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Dallel, Rania, Rochdi Baati, and Mongi Seffen. "Adsorption of Anionic Surfactant on Phragmites Australis: Pretreatment and Reaction Mechanisms." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition), 815–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51210-1_128.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phragmites australis"

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Кортусов, А. Н., В. Н. Золотухин, Г. Ф. Миронова, Ю. В. Севастьянова, Н. В. Бычин, and В. В. Будаева. "ТРОСТНИК ОБЫКНОВЕННЫЙ (PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS) - ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ." In Технологии и оборудование химической, биотехнологической и пищевой промышленности. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/tohbipp.2021.16.98.002.

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Evensen, Arthur Charles, Eddy Cadet, Eddy Cadet, Eddy Cadet, Jake Wood, Jake Wood, Jake Wood, et al. "PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS CONTROL ON UTAH LAKE WATER QUALITY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284271.

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Швидская, К. А., and А. В. Копанина. "Изменение растительного покрова под воздействием активности Южно-Сахалинского грязевого вулкана по спутниковым данным." In III молодёжная всероссийская научная конференция с международным участием «PLANTAE & FUNGI». Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17581/paf2023.33.

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Южно-Сахалинский грязевой вулкан (ЮСГВ) – сравнительно крупная геологическая структура в южной части о-ва Сахалин. Растительность, окружающая современный эруптивный центр грязевого вулкана, подвержена трансформации в результате грифонной и периодической пароксизмальной деятельности вулкана. Цель исследования – оценка изменений растительного покрова после извержения ЮСГВ в 2020 г. при помощи вегетационных индексов. Объект исследования – эруптивный центр ЮСГВ и прилегающая территория общей площадью 2 км2. Вегетационные индексы NDVI и SAVI широко используются современными исследователями для оценки масштабов влияния грязевых и магматических вулканов на окружающую растительность и для изучения динамики восстановления растительного покрова [1]. Сведений о расчете NDVI и SAVI для территории ЮСГВ в литературе нет. NDVI и SAVI рассчитаны нами по разносезонным мультиспектральным спутниковым снимкам (Sentinel-2), подобранным в разные сезоны: в начале вегетации (02.06.2018, 01.06.2020), в середине (25.06.2019, 12.07.2019, 04.07.2020, 06.07.2020) и перед окончанием, в период листопада (28.09.2019, 22.09.2020). Интерпретация значений NDVI осуществлена нами на основании результатов полевых работ 2018–2021 гг. Нами разработана шкала значений NDVI для исследуемой территории грязевого вулкана. Сопочной брекчии, по нашим данным, соответствуют значения NDVI от 0 до 0,15, разреженной травянистой растительности (группировки и сообщества Triglochin palustre) – 0,15–0,2, плотной травянистой растительности (сообщества Phragmites australis) – 0,2–0,4, травянистой растительности (сообщества Phragmites australis с разнотравьем) с участием кустарников и сеянцев деревьев – 0,4–0,55, разреженной или угнетенной лесной растительности – 0,55–0,65. Границы травянистой растительности уточнены по результатам расчета SAVI. Результаты программного анализа космических снимков, данных вегетационных индексов и полевых обследований позволили построить карту-схему растительности, сформированной вследствие активности ЮСГВ (1:25 000) по состоянию на 2019 и 2020 гг., т.е. до и после извержения, а также рассчитать площади уничтоженной и поврежденной растительности вследствие произошедшего события. Площадь уничтоженной и поврежденной растительности составила ≈ 62 244 м2, из которых 9 916 м2 – сообщество Triglochin palustre (уничтожено полностью), 20 255 м2 – сообщество Phragmites australis с участием разнотравья, 15 774 м2 – сообщество Phragmites australis с участием разнотравья и сеянцев деревьев и 16 299 м2 – лесная растительность.
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Honoré, Mathilde, Thibaut Lecompte, and Sylvie Pimbert. "Properties of <i>Phragmites australis</i> for Insulating Concrete Application." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.332.

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The common reed, Phragmites australis, is a plant species quite similar to the currently used bio-based aggregates and available on most continents. The purpose of this work is to characterise this common reed and compare its properties to other plants already studied for building use. This study presents the different properties focussing on Phragmites australis chemical composition, hydrophobicity nature and how this character could be explained. To that end, wettability and also water adsorption measurements were carried out on plant flour and aggregates in comparison to miscanthus, wood and hemp shiv properties. Formulations based on reeds of different origins and using different binders (lime and earth) were tested in compression and with thermal conductivity measurements in order to evaluate the behaviour of the reed as a material for building use.
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Baquir, Mohammad, and Nadeem Khalil. "MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN SUBSURFACE VERTICAL FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS USING CONVENTIONAL MEDIA IN SETUP PHASE." In Computing for Sustainable Innovation: Shaping Tomorrow’s World. Innovative Research Publication, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/csistw.2024.12.1.18.

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Experimental investigation on municipal wastewater treatment through 6 pilot scale Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (SSVF CWs) was studied utilizing two conventional materials as substrate used as 12 mm size gravel overlain by 2 mm size uniformly graded coarse sandat SWINGS site of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Among 6 CW beds first bed was kept unplanted and rest of the 5 beds were planted with Phragmites Karka, Canna Indica, Iris, Sagittaria and Phragmites Australis for conducting comparative study among macrophytes species used in context of contaminants removal. The primary emphasis of this study was the initial few months of the CWs running in setup phase. This phase encompasses improving phases in development of substrate permeability, microbial growth on substrate and rhizosphere, until the steady state for operation was achieved. The aims of this research paper are to assess duration requirement in setup phase for SSVF CWs through variations in removal efficiencies, and also to analyse the efficacy of conventional materials as substrate in the treatment of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The findings indicated that following a period of 174 days of running, the CWs had achieved a state of consistent permeability and commenced a stable removal process. The removal efficiencies for BOD and COD are found as Unplanted < Iris < Canna Indica < Sagittaria < Phragmites Karka < Phragmites Australis.
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Shiryaev, G. I., G. G. Borisova, M. G. Maleva, and O. V. Voropaeva. "Effects of extremal technogenic pollution on structure of Phragmites australis photosynthetic apparatus." In MODERN SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGIES FOR CREATING DRUGS AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (MOSM2020): PROCEEDINGS OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0068516.

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Catianis, Irina, Gabriel Iordache, Adriana Maria Constantinescu, Ana Bianca Pavel, and Oana Dobre. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE EMERGENT AQUATIC VEGETATION IN THE DANUBE DELTA, ROMANIA. THE CASE STUDY OF TATARU AND UZLINA LAKES." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s11.45.

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This paper presents the findings of the mapping and evaluation of macrophyte vegetation from Tataru and Uzlina lakes, located within Danube Delta, Romania. Throughout time, the Danube Delta unique ecosystem has endured considerable ecological changes due to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Currently, the potential threats are those related to pollution, agriculture, land use, climate change and subsequently, the proliferation and/or the extinction of many macrophyte species. The excessive development of aquatic vegetation has negative consequences, reducing the flow velocity of water in the connecting channels, exacerbates the sedimentation processes in the deltaic lakes which are subject to the clogging phenomenon (i.e., silting). The abundance, distribution and biodiversity of the emergent aquatic species were surveyed in Tataru and Uzlina lakes. The biodiversity of macrophytes is different in the investigated lakes, being dependent on the fluvial input of water and sediment of the Danube River, extent of lakes and water depth. In Tataru Lake, the macrophyte vegetation was represented by a greater variety of species (Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea, Trapa natans, Salvinia natans, Lemna minor and Phragmites australis), in comparison to Uzlina Lake (Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea, Trapa natans and Phragmites australis). This methodology and results are valuable for the strategic environmental assessment and management of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and can be used in similar settings.
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Yanfeng, Li, Mao Dehua, Wang Zongming, and Ren Chunying. "Retrieving leaf area index (LAI) of Phragmites australis in Panjin wetland of China." In The International Conference on Remote Sensing,Environment and Transportation Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rsete.2013.132.

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Roomiani, Laleh, Sara Nikbakht, and Aboalfazl Askary Sary. "Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation by the Aquatic Macrophyte, Phragmites Australis in Fish Culture Ponds." In 6th Annual International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Sciences (SEES 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-189x_sees17.10.

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Casagrande, Richard. "How specific can you get? Is the common reed,Phragmites australis, an anomaly?" In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111130.

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Reports on the topic "Phragmites australis"

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Suir, Glenn, Christina Saltus, and Molly Reif. Geospatial assessments of Phragmites australis die-off in south Louisiana : preliminary findings. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/28998.

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Schad, Aaron, Gary Dick, Kris Erickson, Paul Fuhrmann, and Lynde Dodd. Vegetation community changes in response to phragmites management at Times Beach, Buffalo, New York. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42149.

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Management of invasive phragmites (Phragmites australis [Cav.] Trin. Ex Steud.) in the United States has proven challenging over the last several decades. Various methods for control exist, but integrated approaches appear to have the most success. However, documentation of vegetation community–wide responses to these approaches remains limited. This study monitored plant community changes at Times Beach, New York, over a five-year period. In concert with mowing and thatch removal in all areas, the study evaluated two herbicides separately and together, representing three experimental treatment areas (TAs), for control efficacy by measuring plant community structure. Phragmites was targeted for treatments, avoiding native and nonproblematic non-native species when possible, to preserve beneficial habitat during phragmites control efforts. Monitoring results showed significant drops in phragmites relative cover, relative frequency, and importance values due to integrated management, regardless of herbicide treatment, with corresponding increases in these same values for native and other plant species. This suggests that prudent removal of phragmites is compatible with beneficial plant restorative efforts to maintain and improve habitat in infested areas.
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Ashworth, William. Ecological interactions of habitat forming emergent vegetation : With focus on Phragmites australis and Typha sp. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.7bt282v5l5.

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Stands of emergent vegetation such as the common reed (Phragmites australis) and members of the genus Typha are a key part of many freshwater and brackish shoreline ecosystems. Similar to trees in a forest, these macrophytes provide structural complexity, a source of food, and shelter from harsher abiotic conditions supporting a broad range of flora and fauna. However, in recent years, anthropogenic activities have facilitated these species to dominate their native ecosystems, forming increasingly homogenous reed beds, and furthermore to invade many non native habitats. In this text, I review the ecological interactions of habitat forming emergent vegetation with an emphasis on other macrophytes, fish, birds and invertebrates. Trends in literature highlight both the importance of emergent vegetation to aquatic ecosystems, but also the negative impact they can have when invading, or forming dense homogenous stands. The competitive exclusion of other macrophytes and physical reduction of space within stands of emergent vegetation are the main drivers that negate or reverse most of the beneficial ecological interactions of reed or Typha with other organisms. I also detail how various management practices have attempted to address the presented issues, with the most successful methods being those that aim to promote heterogeneity. While progress has been made, future studies should focus on the identification of optimal management practices, to pave the way for more effective conservation applications.
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Christensen, Timothy P. Supplemental Enviromnentul Assessment for Control of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) at Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Fort Eustis, Virginia. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611307.

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Pavlovic, Noel, Barbara Plampin, Gayle Tonkovich, and David Hamilla. Special flora and vegetation of Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302417.

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The Indiana Dunes (comprised of 15 geographic units (see Figure 1) which include Indiana Dunes National Park, Dunes State Park, and adjacent Shirley Heinze Land Trust properties) are remarkable in the Midwest and Great Lakes region for the vascular plant diversity, with an astounding 1,212 native plant species in an area of approximately 16,000 acres! This high plant diversity is the result of the interactions among postglacial migrations, the variety of soil substrates, moisture conditions, topography, successional gradients, ?re regimes, proximity to Lake Michigan, and light levels. This richness is all the more signi?cant given the past human alterations of the landscape resulting from logging; conversion to agriculture; construction of transportation corridors, industrial sites, and residential communities; ?re suppression; land abandonment; and exotic species invasions. Despite these impacts, multiple natural areas supporting native vegetation persist. Thus, each of the 15 units of the Indiana Dunes presents up to eight subunits varying in human disturbance and consequently in ?oristic richness. Of the most signi?cant units of the park in terms of number of native species, Cowles Dunes and the Dunes State Park stand out from all the other units, with 786 and 686 native species, respectively. The next highest ranked units for numbers of native species include Keiser (630), Furnessville (574), Miller Woods (551), and Hoosier Prairie (542). The unit with lowest plant richness is Heron Rookery (220), with increasing richness in progression from Calumet Prairie (320), Hobart Prairie Grove (368), to Pinhook Bog (380). Signi?cant natural areas, retaining native vegetation composition and structure, include Cowles Bog (Cowles Dunes Unit), Howes Prairie (Cowles Dunes), Dunes Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Dunes Prairie Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Pinhook Bog, Furnessville Woods (Furnessville), Miller Woods, Inland Marsh, and Mnoke Prairie (Bailly). Wilhelm (1990) recorded a total of 1,131 native plant species for the ?ora of the Indiana Dunes. This was similar to the 1,132 species recorded by the National Park Service (2014) for the Indiana Dunes. Based on the nomenclature of Swink and Wilhelm (1994), Indiana Dunes National Park has 1,206 native plant species. If we include native varieties and hybrids, the total increases to 1,244 taxa. Based on the nomenclature used for this report?the Flora of North America (FNA 2022), and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2022)?Indiana Dunes National Park houses 1,206 native vascular plant species. As of this writing (2020), the Indiana Dunes is home to 37% of the species of conservation concern in Indiana (241 out of 624 Indiana-listed species): state extirpated = 10 species, state endangered = 75, and state threatened = 100. Thus, 4% of the state-listed species in the Indiana Dunes are extirpated, 31% endangered, and 41% threatened. Watch list and rare categories have been eliminated. Twenty-nine species once documented from the Indiana Dunes may be extirpated because they have not been seen since 2001. Eleven have not been seen since 1930 and 15 since 1978. If we exclude these species, then there would be a total of 1,183 species native to the Indiana Dunes. Many of these are cryptic in their life history or diminutive, and thus are di?cult to ?nd. Looking at the growth form of native plants, <1% (nine species) are clubmosses, 3% (37) are ferns, 8% (297) are grasses and sedges, 56% (682) are forbs or herbs, 1% (16) are herbaceous vines, <1% (7) are subshrubs (woody plants of herbaceous stature), 5% (60) are shrubs, 1% (11) are lianas (woody vines), and 8% (93) are trees. Of the 332 exotic species (species introduced from outside North America), 65% (219 species) are forbs such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), 15% (50 species) are graminoids such as phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), 2% (seven species) are vines such as ?eld bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis), <1% (two species) are subshrubs such as Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), 8% (28 species) are shrubs such as Asian bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), 1% (three species) are lianas such as oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and 8% (23 species) are trees such as tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissimus). Of the 85 adventive species, native species that have invaded from elsewhere in North America, 14% (11 species) are graminoids such as broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus), 57% (48 species) are forbs such as fall phlox (Phlox paniculata), 5% (six species) are shrubs such as Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus), 3% (two species) are subshrubs such as holly leaved barberry (Berberis repens), 1% (one species) is a liana (trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), 3% two species) are herbaceous vines such as tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), and 17% (15 species) are trees such as American holly (Ilex opaca). A total of 436 species were found to be ?special? based on political rankings (federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species), species with charismatic ?owers, and those that are locally rare.
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6

Smith, Stephen. Analysis of kettle pond plant communities of Cape Cod National Seashore (1995?2020). National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300645.

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Along transects and within boxplots, several ponds have experienced significant changes in macrophyte species composition since 1995, while others have remained relatively unchanged. In 2020 new occurrences of Phragmites australis (common reed) were documented in Duck (a single plant, which was immediately removed), Gull, and Higgins ponds. Three state-listed rare species that occur in CACO kettle ponds were not found in 2020. These included Sabatia kennedyanna (Plymouth rose gentian) (found in 2016 at Great-T), Drosera filiformis (threadleaf sundew) (found in 2016 at Great-W) and Sagittaria teres (quill-leaved arrowhead), which was once abundant but has now been absent for decades. Reductions in the cover of N. odorata (white waterlily) along transects was observed in Great-T, Ryder, Higgins, and Snow ponds, although this trend was apparent in boxplots only in Herring Pond. E. acicularis (dwarf harigrass) also diminished in cover in several ponds, including along Duck, Dyer, Gull, Long, Round-E, and Slough ponds. J. militaris (bayonette rush) appears to have undergone a variety of short-term changes including reductions along transects in Great-T, Higgins, Long, and Snow ponds. Boxplots only exhibited a reduction in Higgins Pond, however. L. dortmanna (Cardinal flower) is another taxon common to most CACO ponds. Its abundance along the Gull Pond transects decreased, contrasted by an increase in Long Pond transects, and in Great-W and Round-E boxplots. The proliferation of Utricularia spp. in Great-T Pond is one of the most conspicuous changes that has occurred over the last decade. The plant community shifts reported here are likely the result of both short-term (e.g., trampling, geese grazing, extreme drought or high water, etc.) and long-term (e.g., climate warming, diminishing acidity, increasing alkalinity). That said, many of the statistically significant increases or decreases in cover were restricted to just one or two transects, and sometimes the changes in individual taxa contrasted each other among the different transects. One-dimensional line-intercept transects are likely detecting changes that are not real on any meaningful spatial scale. On the other hand, the number of boxplot sites should be increased to obtain much better spatial resolution. Accordingly, we propose increasing the number of box plot sites in each pond from five to ten for all future monitoring.
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7

Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Pulaski National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2288716.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU). Twelve vegetation plots were established at Fort Pulaski National Monument in August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Pulaski National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands). Noteworthy findings include: Sixty-six vascular plant taxa were observed across 12 vegetation plots, including six taxa not previously known from the park. Plots were located on both Cockspur and McQueen’s Island. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), perennial saltmarsh aster(Symphyotrichum enuifolium), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto). Four non-native species identified as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 17%), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; 8%), Vasey’s grass (Paspalum urvillei; 8%), and European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%). Two rare plants tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2013) were found during this monitoring effort. These include Florida wild privet (Forestiera segregata) and Bosc’s bluet (Oldenlandia boscii). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon, cabbage palmetto, groundsel tree, and Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). The health status of sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)—a typical canopy species in maritime forests of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain--observed on park plots appeared to be in decline, with most stems experiencing elevated levels of dieback and low vigor. Over the past decade, this species has been experiencing unexplained high rates of dieback and mortality throughout its range in the Southeastern United States; current research is focusing on what may be causing these alarming die-off patterns. Duff and litter made up the majority of downed woody biomass (fuel loads) across FOPU vegetation plots.
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8

Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Hatteras National Seashore: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290019.

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Abstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including 52 plots on Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), was 2019. Twelve vegetation plots were established at Cape Hatteras NS in July and August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore in 2019. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands, Maritime Nontidal Wetlands, Maritime Open Uplands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and four land parcels (Bodie Island, Buxton, Hatteras Island, and Ocracoke Island). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 265 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 52 vegetation plots, including 13 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens), swallow-wort (Pattalias palustre), and marsh fimbry (Fimbristylis castanea) Maritime Nontidal Wetlands: common wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and saw greenbriar (Smilax bona-nox) Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), dune camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), and seabeach evening-primrose (Oenothera humifusa) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: : loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), common wax-myrtle, and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Five invasive species identified as either a Severe Threat (Rank 1) or Significant Threat (Rank 2) to native plants by the North Carolina Native Plant Society (Buchanan 2010) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides; 2%), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 10%), Japanese stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum; 2%), European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%), and common chickweed (Stellaria media; 2%). Eighteen rare species tracked by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Robinson 2018) were found during this monitoring effort, including two species—cypress panicgrass (Dichanthelium caerulescens) and Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa)—listed as State Endangered by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCPCP 2010). Southern/eastern red cedar was a dominant species within the tree stratum of both Maritime Nontidal Wetland and Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Other dominant tree species within CAHA forests included loblolly pine, live oak, and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). One hundred percent of the live swamp bay (Persea palustris) trees measured in these plots were experiencing declining vigor and observed with symptoms like those caused by laurel wilt......less
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