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1
Chang, Jing Yi, and Yean Der Kuan. "Application of CFD to Building Thermal Control Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.777.
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Building-integrated photovoltaic system is to import a photovoltaic panel system into the shell structure of a building by using building design techniques, so that the system constituents not only generate power, but are also a part of the building’s shell. If the photovoltaic panel is integrated with a sun shield, a power benefit could be obtained and both solar irradiation and the cooling load could be reduced. This study aimed to use CFD technology for analysis of building surface thermal control and flow field simulation, and further discuss the effects of the relative position of the sun and atmospheric wind flow field on the distribution of building surface temperatures and flow fields at different hours and in different seasons. Understanding the sun's position and other climatic conditions accurately is helpful for locating solar panels and solar collectors on buildings.
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Wang, Dian Hua, Xin Guan, and Song Yuan Zhang. "Experimental Study on PV Solar Wall." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3134.
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The solar energy photovoltaic thermal system is a method to achieve grade utilization of solar energy to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy. A kind of solar energy photovoltaic air conditioning wall is put forward in this paper, adopting the air flow channel with a small hole on the surface and the negative pressure inside, which can provide electricity and hot air heating simultaneously. The comparison test of the solar photovoltaic cells components (PV) and the solar photovoltaic air conditioning wall (PV/T) shows, under the condition that the radiation intensity reaches above 700W/m2，and the ambient temperature exceeds 25°C, the temperature of PV/T components is slightly higher than PV components, so the power generating efficiency decreases slightly, with the average generating efficiency 12.51%, while the efficiency of the PV is 12.96%.each square meter of the solar energy photovoltaic air conditioning wall can provide the building with 40 m3of fresh air per hour, with 20°C higher than outdoor, so the average photo-thermal efficiency is 39%.If the photovoltaic air conditioning wall is installed on outside surface of the building envelope, or replace it, to built the building integrated photovoltaic solar thermal system, the building energy consumption would greatly reduce.
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Zhao, Guomin, Min Li, Lv Jian, Zhicheng He, Jin Shuang, Sun Yuping, Qingsong Zhang, and Liu Zhongxian. "Analysis of Fire Risk Associated with Photovoltaic Power Generation System." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2623741.
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Because of increasing energy consumption and severe air pollution in China, solar photovoltaic power generation plants are being deployed rapidly. Owing to various factors such as technology, construction, and imperfection of construction standards, solar photovoltaic systems have certain fire risks. This paper focuses on the fire risks of building-integrated solar photovoltaic buildings, as well as temperature and heat flow density near a photovoltaic system in a fire. Based on FDS simulation results, the influence of different building fires on photovoltaic systems is analysed. It is found that the influence of fire on photovoltaic systems installed on a building with a flat roof is stronger than that on a system installed on a building with a sloping roof; the influence of fire on a photovoltaic system installed on a building with external wall thermal insulation is stronger than that on a system installed on a building without such insulation; and in the presence of a skylight, a photovoltaic system installed on a building with a sloping roof is more dangerous.
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Pokorny, Nikola, and Tomas Matuska. "Performance analysis of glazed PVT collectors for multifamily building." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 12003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017212003.
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The paper deals with performance analysis of potential application of glazed photovoltaic-thermal collector for domestic hot water preparation for multifamily building in European climatic conditions. Two different solutions are studied, glazed photovoltaic-thermal collectors integrated in the building envelope and glazed photovoltaic-thermal collectors fixed on the roof of the building. Moreover, the paper presents a comparison with conventional side by side installation of solar thermal collectors and photovoltaic panels to show the benefit of photovoltaic-thermal collectors. Simulation analysis has been done in TRNSYS with use of developed and validated mathematical model of glazed photovoltaic-thermal collector.
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Bandaru, Sree Harsha, Victor Becerra, Sourav Khanna, Jovana Radulovic, David Hutchinson, and Rinat Khusainov. "A Review of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Technology for Residential Applications: Performance Indicators, Progress, and Opportunities." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 3853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133853.
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Solar energy has been one of the accessible and affordable renewable energy technologies for the last few decades. Photovoltaics and solar thermal collectors are mature technologies to harness solar energy. However, the efficiency of photovoltaics decays at increased operating temperatures, and solar thermal collectors suffer from low exergy. Furthermore, along with several financial, structural, technical and socio-cultural barriers, the limited shadow-free space on building rooftops has significantly affected the adoption of solar energy. Thus, Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) collectors that combine the advantages of photovoltaic cells and solar thermal collector into a single system have been developed. This study gives an extensive review of different PVT systems for residential applications, their performance indicators, progress, limitations and research opportunities. The literature review indicated that PVT systems used air, water, bi-fluids, nanofluids, refrigerants and phase-change material as the cooling medium and are sometimes integrated with heat pumps and seasonal energy storage. The overall efficiency of a PVT system reached up to 81% depending upon the system design and environmental conditions, and there is generally a trade-off between thermal and electrical efficiency. The review also highlights future research prospects in areas such as materials for PVT collector design, long-term reliability experiments, multi-objective design optimisation, techno-exergo-economics and photovoltaic recycling.
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Cinar, Seda, Michal Krajčík, and Muslum Arici. "Performance Evaluation of a Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal System Combined with Air-to-Water Heat Pump." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.181.
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This study presents a research of envelope systems entailing elements that use and control incident solar energy to deliver renewable thermal or electric energy to the systems providing heating, ventilation and air conditioning to buildings. A simulation model of an office building was developed in the simulation program TRNSYS. A photovoltaic / thermal system was integrated into the building´s southern facade to generate electricity and to increase the temperature of the air flowing through the channel behind the photovoltaic modules. Subsequently, the electricity generated was used to power the heat pump and the warm air was used as the primary fluid for the heat pump to generate thermal energy for space heating in the winter. The useful energy gain and power production increased with increasing length of the photovoltaic modules and the air flow rate through the channel in the periods, when there was enough solar radiation impinging on the facade. In January to April, the benefits of the photovoltaic / thermal system were minor because of the low levels of low solar radiation and insufficient efficiency of the system components.
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Conti, Schito, and Testi. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors in a Nearly Zero-Energy Building." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081582.
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This paper analyzes the use of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors in nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEBs). We present a design methodology based on the dynamic simulation of the whole energy system, which includes the building energy demand, a reversible heat pump as generator, the thermal storage, the power exchange with the grid, and both thermal and electrical energy production by solar collectors. An exhaustive search of the best equipment sizing and design is performed to minimize both the total costs and the non-renewable primary energy consumption over the system lifetime. The results show that photovoltaic/thermal technology reduces the non-renewable primary energy consumption below the nearly zero-energy threshold value, assumed as 15 kWh/(m2·yr), also reducing the total costs with respect to a non-solar solution (up to 8%). As expected, several possible optimal designs exist, with an opposite trend between energy savings and total costs. In all these optimal configurations, we figure out that photovoltaic/thermal technology favors the production of electrical energy with respect to the thermal one, which mainly occurs during the summer to meet the domestic hot water requirements and lower the temperature of the collectors. Finally, we show that, for a given solar area, photovoltaic/thermal technology leads to a higher reduction of the non-renewable primary energy and to a higher production of solar thermal energy with respect to a traditional separate production employing photovoltaic (PV) modules and solar thermal (ST) collectors.
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Chow, T. T., G. N. Tiwari, and C. Menezo. "Hybrid Solar: A Review on Photovoltaic and Thermal Power Integration." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/307287.
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The market of solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity generation is growing rapidly. New ideas on hybrid solar technology evolve for a wide range of applications, such as in buildings, processing plants, and agriculture. In the building sector in particular, the limited building space for the accommodation of solar devices has driven a demand on the use of hybrid solar technology for the multigeneration of active power and/or passive solar devices. The importance is escalating with the worldwide trend on the development of low-carbon/zero-energy buildings. Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collector systems had been studied theoretically, numerically, and experimentally in depth in the past decades. Together with alternative means, a range of innovative products and systems has been put forward. The final success of the integrative technologies relies on the coexistence of robust product design/construction and reliable system operation/maintenance in the long run to satisfy the user needs. This paper gives a broad review on the published academic works, with an emphasis placed on the research and development activities in the last decade.
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Pokorny, Nikola, and Tomáš Matuška. "Glazed Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) Collectors for Domestic Hot Water Preparation in Multifamily Building." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 6071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156071.
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Photovoltaic–thermal collector generates electrical and thermal energy simultaneously from the same area. In this paper performance analysis of a potentially very promising application of a glazed photovoltaic–thermal collector for domestic hot water preparation in multifamily building is presented. Solar system in multifamily building can be installed on the roof or integrated in the façade of the building. The aim of this simulation study is to show difference of thermal and electrical performance between façade and roof installation of a glazed photovoltaic-thermal collectors at three European locations. Subsequently, this study shows benefit of photovoltaic-thermal collector installation in comparison with side-by-side installation of conventional system. For the purpose of simulation study, mathematical model of glazed photovoltaic-thermal collector has been experimentally validated and implemented into TRNSYS. A solar domestic hot water system with photovoltaic–thermal collectors generates more electrical and thermal energy in comparison with a conventional system across the whole of Europe for a particular installation in a multifamily building. The specific thermal yield of the photovoltaic–thermal system ranges between 352 and 582 kWh/m2. The photovoltaic–thermal system electric yield ranges between 63 and 149 kWh/m2. The increase in electricity production by the photovoltaic–thermal system varies from 19% to 32% in comparison with a conventional side-by-side system. The increase in thermal yield differs between the façade and roof alternatives. Photovoltaic-thermal system installation on the roof has higher thermal yield than conventional system and the increase of thermal yield ranges from 37% to 53%. The increase in thermal yield of façade photovoltaic-thermal system is significantly higher in comparison with a conventional system and ranges from 71% to 81%.
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Novelli, N. E., J. Shultz, M. Aly Etman, K. Phillips, M. M. Derby, P. R. H. S. Stark, M. Jensen, and A. H. Dyson. "System-Scale Modeling of a Building-Integrated, Transparent Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal Collector." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012117.
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Abstract The buildings sector is a principal contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, but consistently falls short of targets for harnessing on-site energy resources towards sustainable operation. Emerging integrated solar technologies could transform buildings and urban settings into resilient, self-sufficient, and healthy environments. But if effects of these technologies are not understood in the multiple contexts in which they operate (human-scale, building-scale, district-scale), their potential is difficult to project. To explore building-scale metabolization of solar energy, a previously-developed analytical model of a Building Envelope-Integrated, Transparent, Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal collector (BITCoPT) was run to project electrical and thermal energy and exergy production (cogeneration) in a range of orientations and operating temperatures. Simulated annual cogeneration efficiency was noted at 27% (exergy) at an operating temperature of 55°C, and up to 55% (energy) at 25°C. Exergetic efficiency remained nearly constant as operating temperatures increased through 75°C, indicating the thermal energy collected would be some heat-engine-based applications. Although the scope of this study excludes broader architectural benefits of daylighting (lighting load reduction), and reduction of solar gains (cooling loads), these results suggest BITCoPT merits further investigation for on-site net-zero and energy-positive commercial building design, and might contribute to expanding net-zero and energy-positive architecture opportunities.
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Ingersoll, J. G. "Simplified Calculation of Solar Cell Temperatures in Terrestrial Photovoltaic Arrays." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 108, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268087.
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A simplified algorithm to predict the average steady-state temperature of the solar cells in a photovoltaic array has been developed. The methodology can be applied to arrays on the roof (or walls) of buildings as well as on the ground. It is intended primarily for residential buildings, although it can be used for any type of building, and considers all four-array mounting systems (rack, stand-off, direct, and integral). Input parameters in this development include weather (insolation, ambient temperature, wind speed, humidity, and sky cloud cover), as well as building construction and operation characteristics. The photovoltaic array’s geometrical, optical, and thermal properties are used in the analysis as well. Natural or forced convection under the solar panels and/or in the building attic below can also be accounted for by this model. The model has been partially verified against limited measured data and found to be in very good agreement for wind speeds of 1 m/s or more.
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Sudhakar, K., Mary Debbarma, and Prashant Baredar. "Comparison of BIPV and BIPVT: A review." Resource-Efficient Technologies, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24056529/2017/3/130.
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Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) is a smart energy production system that incorporates solar PV panels as part of the roof, windows, facades and shading devices. When active heat recovery is combined with BIPV systems either in closed loop (like PV-T with liquid loop) or in an open loop with forced air they are known as building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal (BIPVT systems). This paper reviews the BIPV and BIPVT technology. The paper shows various technologies involved in BIPV and BIPVT as well as their function, cost and aesthetics. In addition a review of the application of BIPV and BIPVT installations is described. In comparison to BIPV systems, BIPVT system has significant benefits and potential for wide use in buildings. The building integrated photovoltaic-thermal system design (BIPVT) is also becoming popular among architects and design engineers.
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Hinojosa, Jesus Fernando, Saul Fernando Moreno, and Victor Manuel Maytorena. "Low-Temperature Applications of Phase Change Materials for Energy Storage: A Descriptive Review." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 28, 2023): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073078.
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Thermal storage is very relevant for technologies that make thermal use of solar energy, as well as energy savings in buildings. Phase change materials (PCMs) are positioned as an attractive alternative to storing thermal energy. This review provides an extensive and comprehensive overview of recent investigations on integrating PCMs in the following low-temperature applications: building envelopes, passive systems in buildings, solar collectors, solar photovoltaic systems, and solar desalination systems. Moreover, techniques for improving heat transfer in PCM systems are described. All applications studies indicate that all applications improve their performance when applying a PCM. One of the most beneficiated technologies is the combined PV-Thermal systems (PVT), where some authors reported an increase in overall efficiency greater than 40%.
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Almasri, Radwan, Abdullah Alardhi, and Saad Dilshad. "Investigating the Impact of Integration the Saudi Code of Energy Conservation with the Solar PV Systems in Residential Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063384.
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The demand for air conditioning is increasing day by day in the world’s hot and humid climate areas. Energy conservation in buildings can play a vital role in meeting this high cooling demand. This paper attempts to consider the impacts of energy efficiency and renewable energy measures on the energy demand of Saudi Arabia’s residential buildings. The energy analysis and economic feasibility analysis of thermal insulations are performed in this paper by investigating the effect of residential buildings’ thermal insulations on the economic feasibility of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. This was the combined effort of building owners and government, and buildings were examined if a photovoltaic system and thermal insulation were used. The study was conducted in the three climate zones in Saudi Arabia. The results showed that the building base case’s annual electrical energy consumption in Riyadh city was 67,095 kWh, Hail 57,373 kWh, and Abha 26,799 kWh. For the basic case-building in Riyadh, 69% of the total electrical energy was used for cooling and heating. Applying the Saudi Building Code requirement for Riyadh will provide only 18% of the total energy used for cooling and heating. RETScreen 6.1 software was used to design a photovoltaic system; the analysis was done using technical and economic indicators. The annual yield factor for Riyadh, Hail, and Abha was 1649 kWh/kWp/year, 1711 kWh/kWp/year, and 1765 kWh/kWp/year, respectively. The capacity factors for Riyadh, Hail, and Abha were 18.8%, 19.5%, and 20.1%, respectively. The Unified photovoltaic Levelized energy costs were 0.031, 0.030, and 0.029 $/kWh for Riyadh, Hail, and Abha, respectively. Finally, the Net Present Value and greenhouse gas emissions reduction have been estimated.
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Lukutin, B. V., and Kadhim Karrar Hameed. "Optimization of energy balances of a photovoltaic power plant with electrochemical and thermal storage of solar energy." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 2 (June 12, 2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-2-3-13.
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THE PURPOSE. Exploring the possibility of building hybrid power plants to reduce the shortage and cost of energy in Iraq through the combined use of solar electrochemical and thermal batteries.METHODS. Analytical methods in the field of construction of consumer energy supply systems from photovoltaic plants, methods of computer-mathematical modeling.RESULTS.The analysis of daily algorithms for the operation of a solar thermal energy supply system was carried out using the example of a social facility in Iraq using electrochemical and thermoelectric energy storage systems, taking into account the variation in the level of solar radiation, ambient temperature and energy consumption by seasons. An optimal algorithm for the conditions under study is proposed for the operation of the solar energy supply system and its elements. Methods for building an intelligent thermoelectric controller have been defined, which ensure the conversion of the maximum available energy of the PV power plant into thermal energy.CONCLUSION. It turns out that the proposed structure for the construction of photovoltaic power plants with combined storage of electricity is preferable to consumers with large thermal loads, because of the efficiency of direct conversion of electricity from photovoltaic modules to thermal energy is higher than the efficiency of thermal conversion through an intermediate link - an electrochemical battery. The paper proposes the principle of creating intelligent thermoelectric controllers, which ensure the operation of a photovoltaic power plant in maximum power mode.
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Badran, Younis, and Ishaq Sider. "Solar Cooling Technologies in Jordan: A Technical Study." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 16 (October 8, 2021): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2021.16.23.
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In the recent years, solar cooling technologies for buildings have garnered increased attention. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of current solar thermal and solar photovoltaic (PV) air-conditioning technologies. Hence, the annual heating/cooling load profile and energy consumption of a reference building in the climate of Aqaba, Jordan were simulated using the TRNSYS software. The solar thermal and solar PV air-conditioning systems were designed and simulated to compensate the cooling demands. It was found that the annual cooling energy accounted for 96.3 % of the total annual energy demand (heating plus cooling) of the reference building. The solar PV and solar thermal air-conditioning systems compensated for direct cooling by 35.8 % and 30.9 %, respectively, and the corresponding compensations of cooling energy by the storage system were 7.3 % and 11.9 %, respectively. Thus, through this comparative study, we found that the storage system significantly contributed in compensating the cooling demands of the solar thermal system; however, the compensation to direct cooling was lower relative to the solar PV system
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Moreno, A., D. Chemisana, and E. F. Fernández. "Hybrid high-concentration photovoltaic-thermal solar systems for building applications." Applied Energy 304 (December 2021): 117647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117647.
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Anderson, T. N., M. Duke, G. L. Morrison, and J. K. Carson. "Performance of a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) solar collector." Solar Energy 83, no. 4 (April 2009): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2008.08.013.
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Jiang, Zhimin, Jie Cai, and Paul S. Moses. "Smoothing control of solar photovoltaic generation using building thermal loads." Applied Energy 277 (November 2020): 115523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115523.
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Panchenko, Vladimir. "Roofing Solar Panels of Planar and Concentrator Designs." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 9, no. 4 (October 2020): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2020100102.
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Solar roofing panels fulfill both building protective functions and energy generating ones. The composition of the substrate of the solar roofing panel includes secondary raw materials, which has a positive effect on the environment. To increase the electrical efficiency and also to obtain thermal energy in the form of warm water, it was proposed to create a photovoltaic thermal roofing panel. For this purpose, the presented article describes the method of creating a three-dimensional model of solar photovoltaic thermal modules in a computer-aided design system. The article also proposes a method for manufacturing a prototype body for a solar roofing panel, manufactured using additive technologies, which will significantly reduce costs at the initial stage of creating a prototype due to the possibility of operational changes to a three-dimensional model followed by printing a modified and optimized model. To reduce the number of photovoltaic cells and the cost of a solar roofing panel, it is proposed to use a solar concentrator in the panel.
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Mei, L., D. In”eld, U. Eicker, and V. Fux. "Parameter estimation for ventilated photovoltaic façades." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 23, no. 2 (May 2002): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0143624402bt033oa.
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In this paper, the estimation of thermal parameters that describe the performance of ventilated photovoltaic (PV) façades integrated into buildings is investigated. In the most simpli” ed representation of the thermal characteristics of the building, the key factors are the coef” cients of solar heat gain and total heat loss. For an integrated building with a ventilated PV façade, a more accurate representation involves the interactions between the interior space, the ventilated space of the façade construction, the exterior PV elements, and the outside environmental conditions. The heat loss from the interior consists of both losses to ambient and to the ventilation air via the inner glazing or panelling. A direct numerical approach has been developed to identify the parameters that describe these heat transfer processes. The method allows the heat transfer coef” cients to be obtained directly from data measured on an operational ventilated PV façade. The results are compared with values taken from conventional practice.
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Alonso-Marroquin, Fernando, and Ghulam Qadir. "Synergy between Photovoltaic Panels and Green Roofs." Energies 16, no. 13 (July 5, 2023): 5184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135184.
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To reduce the impact of climate change in the form of low-carbon developments, innovations in sustainable building strategies are imperative. In this regard, the performance of a double-roof house consisting of a photovoltaic panel roof (PV) and green roof (GR) was compared to traditional solar-roof buildings. The synergy between both the PV and GR systems was analysed by numerical simulations and physical modelling across the four seasons. The performance of the systems was assessed on three dimensions: indoor thermal comfort, photovoltaic temperature, and energy yield. The synergy of photovoltaic roofs with green roofs kept the indoor environment 6% more comfortable than solar roofs. The synergy also reduced the photovoltaic temperature by up to 8 °C, extending the PV life span and increasing the energy yield by 18%.
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Daigle, Quinn, and Paul G. O’Brien. "Heat Generated Using Luminescent Solar Concentrators for Building Energy Applications." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 24, 2020): 5574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215574.
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Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are a promising technology for integration and renewable energy generation in buildings because they are inexpensive, lightweight, aesthetically versatile, can concentrate both direct and diffuse light and offer wavelength-selective transparency. LSCs have been extensively investigated for applications involving photovoltaic electricity generation. However, little work has been done to investigate the use of thermal energy generated at the edges of LSCs, despite the potential for harnessing a broad range of solar thermal energy. In this work, Newton’s law of cooling is used to measure the thermal power generated at the edge of LSC modules subjected to solar-simulated radiation. Results show that the dye in single-panel LSC modules can generate 17.9 W/m2 under solar-simulated radiation with an intensity of 23.95 mW/cm2 over the spectral region from 360 to 1000 nm. Assuming a mean daily insolation of 5 kWh/m2, the dye in the single-panel LSC modules can generate ~100 kWh/m2 annually. If the surface area of a building is comparable to its floor space, thermal energy generated from LSCs on the buildings surface could be used to substantially reduce the buildings energy consumption.
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Bot, Karol, Laura Aelenei, Maria da Glória Gomes, and Carlos Santos Silva. "A literature review on Building Integrated Solar Energy Systems (BI-SES) for façades − photovoltaic, thermal and hybrid systems." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 7 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021053.
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The building façade has a crucial role in acting as the interface between the environment and the indoor ambient, and from an engineering and architecture perspective, in the last years, there has been a growing focus on the strategic development of building façades. In this sense, this work aims to present a literature review for the Building Integrated Solar Energy Systems (BI-SES) for façades, subdivided into three categories: thermal, photovoltaic and hybrid (both thermal and photovoltaic). The methodology used corresponds to a systematic review method. A sample of 75 works was reviewed (16 works on thermal BI-SES, 37 works on photovoltaic BI-SES, 22 works on hybrid BI-SES). This article summarises the works and later classifies them according to the type of study (numerical or experimental), simulation tool, parametric analysis and performance when applied.
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Ismanov, Yu, N. Dzhamankyzov, and K. Zhumaliev. "Combined Systems of Photoelectric and Thermal Conversions of Solar Energy." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/87/26.
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The article provides a brief overview of research in the development of combined systems consisting of photovoltaic and thermal solar energy converters. Theoretical, numerical and experimental methods of research in the field of development of combined systems, consisting of photovoltaic and thermal converters of solar energy, have been carried out for almost four decades. Researchers and specialists have repeatedly proposed and evaluated various types of combined systems consisting of photovoltaic and thermal solar energy converters. If you look closely at the history of these developments, you can see that at the beginning of the work, the main efforts were directed to fundamental theories, the consolidation of conceptual ideas and a feasibility study of the main configurations of the design of the collector of combined systems consisting of photovoltaic and thermal solar energy converters. By the early 2000s, research on combined systems consisting of photovoltaic and thermal solar energy converters was more about improving collector design and cost-effectiveness evaluation. More rigorous analyzes of energy and mass transfer phenomena have been carried out on conventional collectors with experimental verification. Ideas for integrated building design began to emerge, and demonstration designs became available for documentation. However, in the last decade, the focus has generally shifted towards the development of complementary products, innovative systems, testing procedures, and design optimization. Numerical analysis becomes more complete with powerful analytical tools. Particular attention was paid to monitoring product reliability, system reliability and environmental impact. It is expected that combined systems consisting of photovoltaic and thermal solar energy converters will be more widely used in the near future, primarily due to environmental necessity.
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Kaliakatsos, Dimitrios, Francesco Nicoletti, Francesca Paradisi, Piero Bevilacqua, and Natale Arcuri. "Evaluation of Building Energy Savings Achievable with an Attached Bioclimatic Greenhouse: Parametric Analysis and Solar Gain Control Techniques." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122186.
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Bioclimatic solar greenhouses are passive solar systems of relevant interest in the building sector, as they allow the reduction of energy needs related to air-conditioning. The aim of this work is to analyze the thermal behavior of a bioclimatic solar greenhouse attached to a residential building. It is equipped with photovoltaic solar blinds (SPBs) to manage solar inputs and produce electricity. Automated control systems are implemented to activate the vents and SPBs. The parametric performance analysis conducted using the dynamic simulation software EnergyPlus allowed the evaluation of the influence of glass type, thermal mass, size, ventilation and location. The results show how the automation of the vents allows the maximization of heat exchange throughout the year, leading to a reduction in consumption even during the summer period. Analyses conducted for some cities in the Mediterranean area show that the maximum energy saving obtained is greater than 13%; in addition, photovoltaic solar shading contributes to the production of more than 1000 kWh/year of electricity.
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Mitkovic, Petar, Jelena Djekic, Mihailo Mitkovic, Milica Igic, Milena Dinic-Brankovic, Ivana Bogdanovic-Protic, and Milica Ljubenovic. "Urban and architectural character of thermal ambient influences in operation of photovoltaic panels on buildings." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 5 (2018): 1613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci18s5613m.
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This paper presents some basic urban and architectural requirements regarding the installation of solar panels for electricity production on buildings. These requirements are usually design ? aesthetic and functional ? constructive. However, from the thermal ambient aspect, constructor?s solution is often not in accordance with requirements of architectural and urban planning profession. It is a known fact that thermal environment impacts the yield in the solar panels production. The aim of this paper is to show, based on experience of solar power plant DOMIT, city of Leskovac, Serbia, what is the expected effect in that aspect, in order to choose the optimal solution with regard to the character of the building. The most favorable production have solar power plants built on buildings where the panels on the underside are completely open because they have the best ventilation, and therefore cooling.
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Riaz, Ahmad, Chao Zhou, Ruobing Liang, and Jili Zhang. "Performance study on photovoltaic thermal building façade component in multi-energy generation during winter." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 42, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624421991970.
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Photovoltaic thermal systems have gained tremendous popularity in the production of electric and thermal energy. In this paper, the photovoltaic thermal modules for the building façade assisted by heat pump system is proposed which combines the photovoltaic modules with an evaporator part of the heat pump system to produce hot water and electrical energy. Also, the photovoltaic thermal panels are used to preheat the cold ambient fresh air without heat pump operation. The proposed system was constructed at the Institute of Building Energy, Dalian University of Technology, China to study the ambient fresh air heating characteristic, electrical power generation, and hot water generation through performance evaluation indices under natural weather conditions. It was found that the average electrical, thermal, and overall efficiencies are 8.8%, 26%, and 50%, respectively during the pre-heating of fresh air. While the average air temperature is 15.2°C inside an air gap. The average COP for water heating is 3.91 during the water heating mode. This study could be used as a guide for photovoltaic thermal solar-assisted heat pump systems on building envelopes in a multi-energy generation under different weather conditions. Practical application: The study considers the photovoltaic thermal modules for building façade not only to generate the electrical energy and pre-heated fresh air but also to generate the hot water when assisted with the heat pump system. This research could assist researchers and engineers in the field of photovoltaic thermal façade systems in multi-energy generation such as for the production of electricity, heated/cooled fresh air, and hot water generation.
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Rehman, Shafiqur, Kabiru Aliyu, Luai Alhems, Mohammed Mohandes, Youcef Himri, Amine Allouhi, and Alam Mahbub. "A comprehensive global review of building integrated photovoltaic systems." FME Transactions 49, no. 2 (2021): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2102253r.
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Saudi Arabia has embarked on diversification of its existing energy portfolio through rene wables, mainly solar photovoltaic and thermal, and wind power. This study presents an overview of how different areas around the world utilized building-integrated solar photovoltaic applications to recommend appropriate and suitable options for implementation in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East region. With this objective, the power utility will have three-fold benefits (i) clean and economic power arability for off-grid remotely located dwellings, (ii) cutting down the emissions of greenhouse gases, and (iii) conserving the fixed reserves of fossil fuels, which are being used mainly for power production around the world. The study shows that building-integrated applications are most common in Asian and European countries. Moreover, it is observed that monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic materials are both technologically and economically suitable for such applications.
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Yue, Han, Zipeng Xu, Shangling Chu, Chao Cheng, Heng Zhang, Haiping Chen, and Dengxin Ai. "Study on the Performance of Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector–Heat Pump–Absorption Chiller Tri-Generation Supply System." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 27, 2023): 3034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073034.
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The solar energy supply system has played an increasingly substantial role in realizing nearly zero-carbon buildings. In order to overcome the impact of solar randomness on the energy supply of a distributed solar system, this paper proposes a solar tri-generation supply system which integrates a photovoltaic/thermal collector (PV/T), a heat pump (HP), and an absorption chiller (AC). The PV/T-HP integration system is adopted to provide stable heating for a building and AC. The system model is established in TRNSYS software, and its performance is evaluated based on energy, exergy, and economic aspects. The results demonstrate that the system effectively meets the load demand, with an energy efficiency of 32.98% and an exergy efficiency of 17.62%. The payback period (PP) is 7.77 years. Compared with the systems proposed in the other literature, the performance of the proposed system has a certain extent of advantage. Furthermore, the equipment and system exergy performance decline with an increase in the intensity of solar radiation. Increasing the PV/T area effectively improves the system’s profitability within the actual roof area limitation of the building. Moreover, increasing the capacity of the low-temperature heat pump after 68 kW improves the system efficiency and reduces the payback period. In summary, this paper proposes an efficient distributed solar energy system that is suitable for urban building energy supply.
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Li, Guiqiang, Gang Pei, Ming Yang, and Jie Ji. "Experiment Investigation on Electrical and Thermal Performances of a Semitransparent Photovoltaic/Thermal System with Water Cooling." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/360235.
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Different from the semitransparent building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system with air cooling, the semitransparent BIPV/T system with water cooling is rare, especially based on the silicon solar cells. In this paper, a semitransparent photovoltaic/thermal system (SPV/T) with water cooling was set up, which not only would provide the electrical power and hot water, but also could attain the natural illumination for the building. The PV efficiency, thermal efficiency, and exergy analysis were all adopted to illustrate the performance of SPV/T system. The results showed that the PV efficiency and the thermal efficiency were about 11.5% and 39.5%, respectively, on the typical sunny day. Furthermore, the PV and thermal efficiencies fit curves were made to demonstrate the SPV/T performance more comprehensively. The performance analysis indicated that the SPV/T system has a good application prospect for building.
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Pop, Octavian G., Ancuta C. Abrudan, Dan S. Adace, Adrian G. Pocola, and Mugur C. Balan. "Potential of HVAC and solar technologies for hospital retrofit to reduce heating energy consumption." E3S Web of Conferences 32 (2018): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183201016.
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The study presents a combination of several energy efficient technologies together with their potential to reduce the energy consumption and to increase the comfort through the retrofit of a hospital building. The existing situation is characterized by an old and inefficient heating system, by the complete missing of any ventilation and by no cooling. The retrofit proposal includes thermal insulation and a distributed HVAC system consisting of several units that includes air to air heat exchangers and air to air heat pumps. A condensing boiler was also considered for heating. A solar thermal system for preparing domestic hot water and a solar photovoltaic system to assist the HVAC units are also proposed. Heat transfer principles are used for modelling the thermal response of the building to the environmental parameters and thermodynamic principles are used for modelling the behaviour of HVAC, solar thermal system and photovoltaic system. All the components of the heating loads were determined for one year period. The study reveals the capacity of the proposed systems to provide ventilation and thermal comfort with a global reduction of energy consumption of 71.6 %.
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Bae, Sangmu, Soowon Chae, and Yujin Nam. "Performance Analysis of Integrated Photovoltaic-Thermal and Air Source Heat Pump System through Energy Simulation." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020528.
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The concept of zero energy buildings (ZEBs) has recently been actively introduced in the building sector, globally, to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. For the implementation of ZEBs, renewable energy systems, such as solar collectors, photovoltaic (PV) systems, and ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, have been used. The system performance of solar collectors and PV systems are dependent on the weather conditions. A GSHP system requires a large area for boring machines and mud pump machines. Therefore, inhabitants of an existing small-scale buildings hesitate to introduce GSHP systems due to the difficulties in installation and limited construction area. This study proposes an integrate photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) and air source heat pump (ASHP) system for realizing ZEB in an existing small-scale building. In order to evaluate the applicability of the integrated PVT-ASHP system, a dynamic simulation model that combines the PVT-ASHP system model and the building load model based on actual building conditions was constructed. The heating and cooling performances of the system for one year were analyzed using the dynamic simulation model. As the simulation analysis results, the average coefficient of performance (COP) for heating season was 5.3, and the average COP for cooling season was 16.3., respectively. From April to June, the electrical produced by the PVT module was higher than the power consumption of the system and could realize ZEB.
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Rupar-Gadd, K., T. Nguyen, and K. Mahapatra. "Evaluation of increased electricity production when cooling solar panels." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1085, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1085/1/012011.
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Abstract A municipal housing company located in the south of Sweden has energy renovated several buildings with a total of 380 apartments to meet today’s energy standards. Several energy efficient technologies and solutions were implemented and the energy consumption for these buildings were lowered by 50%. One of the buildings functions as a demonstration building for innovative solutions such as low temperature district heating, waste water heat recovery, and solar photovoltaic and thermal (PVT) panels. The solar PVT panels are cooled down with the main purpose to increase the electricity production. The cooling medium for these panels is circulated through two bedrock boreholes to dissipate the collected heat. The heat from the boreholes is then used for an electric heat pump to produce heat to send to the local district heating company. The electricity produced is primarily used in the building. The objective of this paper is to assess the electricity production from real-life outdoor Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) plant. The plant was installed on the roof top of an energy renovated multi-family apartment building located in the south of Sweden. The cooling of the panels were turned on and off to assess if the electricity production would increase or not. The electricity production did not increase when the cooling was applied. The temperature measuring equipment which was installed at the wrong position and was supposed to measure the temperature at the back of the PVT is needed to compare the efficiency of the PVT plant and draw further conclusions.
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Baljit, S. S. S., Hoy-Yen Chan, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Review of building integrated applications of photovoltaic and solar thermal systems." Journal of Cleaner Production 137 (November 2016): 677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.150.
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Goldsworthy, M. J. "Building thermal design for solar photovoltaic air-conditioning in Australian climates." Energy and Buildings 135 (January 2017): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.046.
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Assoa, Ya Brigitte, François Sauzedde, Benjamin Boillot, and Simon Boddaert. "Development of a building integrated solar photovoltaic/thermal hybrid drying system." Energy 128 (June 2017): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.062.
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Gautam, Khem Raj, and Gorm Bruun Andresen. "Performance comparison of building-integrated combined photovoltaic thermal solar collectors (BiPVT) with other building-integrated solar technologies." Solar Energy 155 (October 2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.06.020.
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Pathak, M. J. M., P. G. Sanders, and J. M. Pearce. "Optimizing limited solar roof access by exergy analysis of solar thermal, photovoltaic, and hybrid photovoltaic thermal systems." Applied Energy 120 (May 2014): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.041.
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Tarigan, Elieser. "Simulation and economic analysis of solar cooling for building in tropical climate of Surabaya, Indonesia." SHS Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184902009.
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The possibility of solar cooling technologies is simulated and discussed in this work. Cooling system application for a six-floor university building in Surabaya Indonesia was taken as a case study. Two different solar technologies systems were designed and compared: (i) photovoltaic powered cooling system, and (ii) solar thermal absorption cooling system. Economic analysis was carried out based on the economic key-figures as well as the CO2 emission analysis. Based on the results gained in the profitability analysis, the most economically feasible system is solar thermal absorption cooling system due to the good agreement between solar radiation andcooling demand. Besides, this systems allows the maximum CO2 emissions savings.
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Missoum, Mohammed, and Larbi Loukarfi. "Investigation of a Solar Polygeneration System for a Multi-Storey Residential Building-Dynamic Simulation and Performance Analysis." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.34423.
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In the present study, the performance of a novel configuration of a solar polygeneration system for a multi-family residential building is investigated using dynamic simulation models. The system consists in Building Integrated PhotoVoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT) collectors, a water-to-water reversible heat pump and an adsorption chiller. The solar system will ensure space heating in winter, space cooling in summer and domestic hot water and electricity all over the year for a multi-storey building located in Algiers (Algeria). In the case of insufficient solar energy, the system is equipped with a gas-fired heater for auxiliary heat production, whereas the auxiliary electricity is supplied by the national grid. First, the simulation models of the solar system components and the building were described and developed in TRNSYS environment. Then, an energy-economic model based on the calculation of the primary energy consumption, the primary energy saving, the simple payback period and the electrical and thermal solar fractions, was carried-out. Finally, the system performance in terms of daily, monthly and yearly results was investigated and compared to the performance of a conventional energy system commonly used in Algerian buildings. The simulation results indicate that the solar collectors have the potential to cover more than 56% and 72% of the yearly heat and electricity requirements, respectively. The total primary energy saving achieved by the solar system with respect to the conventional one is 37.1 MWh/y, which represents 39% of the energy consumption of the conventional system. However, the economic feasibility of proposed solar system is difficult to be achieved due to the high initial cost of the solar collectors. Indeed, the obtained simple payback period is 55.40 years. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis has been performed aiming at studying the effect of various technical and economical parameters on the system performance. The analysis shows that the energetic as well as economic performances of the system are strongly influenced by the photovoltaic/thermal filed area, the system cost and the unitary cost of electricity. The system becomes economically profitable when the system cost is 400 €/m² and the electricity cost is 0.12 €/kWh. Additionally, the system performance is better in climate conditions where solar potential and building energy requirements are important.
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Choi, Youngjin. "Seasonal Performance Evaluation of Air-Based Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid System." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134695.
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Recently, the use of novel renewable energy has attracted attention for suppressing the generation of carbon dioxide to prevent global warming. There is growing interest in energy reduction in buildings using solar energy because of its ease of use and repair and excellent maintenance. Therefore, in this study, air-based Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems, which can increase the utilization of solar energy, are compared with the existing PV system through measurement. PVT systems can increase the amount of power generation by lowering the temperature of the panel using air passing through the lower part of the panel. It is also possible to use the heated air obtained from the panel as indoor heating or for supplying hot water in a building. As a result of measuring the performance of existing PV panels and PVT panels under the same weather conditions, the power generation efficiency of PVT panels through which air passes increases compared to PV panels. Overall, an air-based PVT system can utilize solar energy about three times more than existing PV systems by utilizing solar heat and solar power. In summer, thermal collection and power generation by PVT were 51.9% and 19.0%, respectively, and power generation by PV was 18.0%. In contrast, the amount of thermal collection and power generation in winter was 43.5% and 20.3%, respectively, and the amount of power generated by PV was 18.7%. As such, it is necessary to review methods for utilizing the increase in power generation in winter and thermal collection in summer.
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Sawicka-Chudy, Paulina, Maciej Sibiński, Marian Cholewa, Maciej Klein, Katarzyna Znajdek, and Adam Cenian. "Tests and theoretical analysis of a pvt hybrid collector operating under various insolation conditions." Acta Innovations, no. 26 (January 1, 2018): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.26.7.
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The main goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between the orientation of the PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) collector and the thermal and electric power generated. Extensive research was performed to find optimal tilt angles for hybrid solar thermal collectors, which combine photovoltaic as well as thermal collection in a single unit, known as PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) modules for an office building with working hours between 7.00 and 16.00. The comprehensive study included field measurements of the modules in central Poland and tests under AM (air mass) 1.5 conditions in a certified laboratory KEZO (Centre for Energy Conversion and Renewable Resources) Polish Academy of Sciences in Jablonna. Furthermore, a PVT system was investigated using the simulation method based on the dedicated Polysun software. The PV characteristics and efficiency of the PV module and the relation between power or efficiency of the PVT module and incidence angle of solar-irradiance were studied. Optimal work conditions for commercial PVT modules were ascertained. In addition, it was found that the maximum efficiencies of PV module (ηPV), solar thermal-collector (ηc) and PVT hybrid collector (ηPVT) registered under field conditions were higher than the ones measured under laboratory conditions.
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Samykano, Mahendran. "Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Systems: Present and Future Feasibilities for Industrial and Building Applications." Buildings 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2023): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081950.
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The growing demands of modern life, industrialization, and technological progress have significantly increased energy requirements. However, this heightened need for energy has raised concerns about its impact on the environment and the rising costs associated with it. Therefore, the engineering sector is actively seeking sustainable and cost-effective energy solutions. Among the promising innovations in solving the problem is the photovoltaic thermal system (PVT), which aims to capture electrical and thermal energy from solar radiation. Despite its potential, the application of PVT systems is currently limited due to the unpredictable nature of solar energy and the absence of efficient thermal energy storage capabilities. To address these challenges, researchers have explored the use of phase change materials and nano-improved phase change materials (NEPCMs) to optimize energy extraction from solar systems. By incorporating these materials, the PVT system can maximize energy utilization. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the potential applications of PVT techniques in both industrial and building settings. It also offers a detailed assessment of their commercial and environmental aspects. The research findings highlight several advantages of PVT systems, including reduced electricity consumption, efficient utilization of cooling and heating loads during off-peak periods, improved temperature stability, and enhanced thermal comfort. Furthermore, the integration of NEPCMs in PVT systems has demonstrated superior thermal performance, enabling 8.3% more heat energy storage during charging and 25.1% more heat energy release during discharging. Additionally, the implementation of solar-assisted combined heating and power systems showed the potential to prevent the emission of 911 tons of CO2 per year compared to conventional PV systems. These systems offer a promising pathway towards mitigating environmental impacts while meeting energy demands. Overall, this review article serves as a valuable resource for fellow researchers by providing detailed insights into the viability of PVT systems for various applications in the industrial and building sectors.
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Cesari, Silvia, Alessia Natali, Barbara Larwa, Eleonora Baccega, Micol Boschetti, Elena Mainardi, Marco Cavazzuti, et al. "A Heat Pump-Based Multi-source Renewable Energy System for the Building Air Conditioning: The IDEAS Project Experience." Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.650102.
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The current paper presents the state-of-the-art of the ongoing IDEAS research project, funded under the Horizon 2020 EU framework programme. The project involves fourteen partners from six European countries and proposes a multi-source cost-effective renewable energy system for the decarbonisation of the building envelope. The system features a radiant floor fed by a heat pump for the building thermal management. The heat pump can exploit sun, air, and/or ground as thermal sources through the use of photovoltaic/thermal solar panels, air heat exchangers, and shallow ground flat-panel heat exchangers. Thermal energy storage is achieved by means of phase change materials spread along several system components, such as: radiant floor to increase its thermal inertia, solar panels for cooling purposes, ground to enhance soil thermal capacity. Within the project framework, a small-scale building, featuring a plethora of sensors for test purposes, and two large-scale buildings are meant to be equipped with the renewable energy system proposed. The small-scale building is currently in operation, and the first results are discussed in the present work. Preliminary data suggest that while multi-source systems coupled with heat pumps are particularly effective, it is complex to obtain suitable thermal energy storages on urban scale.
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Doublali, Asmaa, Abdlilah Jilbab, Chakib Bojji, and Rachida Idchabani. "Smart wall by wireless sensor network toward building energy optimization." E3S Web of Conferences 336 (2022): 00032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233600032.
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Buildings design and operation are responsible for occupant comfort. Buildings facades and walls can be engineered to control solar energy for photovoltaic electricity generation, daylighting, heating, ventilation, thermal insulation, and energy storage. Adaptive facades and intelligent walls integrate real-time control technologies to adapt to the occupant’s requirements and preferences. Data transmission and information control in the modern building are gaining increasing importance. Implementing wireless network systems based on wireless communication technologies and protocols with low energy demand is crucial. This paper presents the simulation of wireless networks based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transmission nodes with an energy harvesting system solution. The results showed the performance of the wireless sensor network model toward the solar energy harvesting solution.
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Ahmed Alaziz, Abdullah, Faris S. Attulla, and Omer K. Ahmed. "Effect of Winter Operating Conditions on the Performance of a PV/Trombe Wall: An Experimental Evaluation." NTU Journal of Renewable Energy 2, no. 1 (May 29, 2022): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56286/ntujre.v2i1.231.
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Trombe photovoltaic wall is well known for its ability to supply the building with thermal and electrical energy at the same time. The increase in the temperature of the solar panels leads to a decrease in electrical efficiency. The use of DC fans and water as a medium for cooling the panels improved thermal and electrical efficiency and enhanced the comfort conditions inside the building. The results showed that the Trombe wall with DC fans could reduce the demand for the rudder by Increasing the heat inside the building, as it reached the highest thermal efficiency at 37.5%. As for the system equipped with a heat exchanger recorded the highest electrical efficiency of 14%. Finally, the results showed that the use of DC fans improves the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic Trombe wall system.
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Vassiliades, Constantinos, Soteris Kalogirou, Aimilios Michael, and Andreas Savvides. "A Roadmap for the Integration of Active Solar Systems into Buildings." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122462.
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This paper aims to simplify the interdisciplinary design process that will be used as a design tool for the viable integration of active solar energy systems into buildings, i.e., Building-Integrated Solar Thermal Systems—BISTSs; Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems—BIPVSs, through the creation of a roadmap. The research also aims supplement the work of researchers who have dealt with the creation of design tools that aim to optimise a specific aspect of a building design, or their geometric forms, in order to shape energy-efficient and sustainable architectural solutions. More specifically, a prescriptive design strategy is derived from the proposed design tool. This is based on five design steps, each of which is analysed and which lead to the creation of a comprehensive design tool for siting buildings so as to optimise the integration of solar systems. The originality of this tool is based on the fact that it makes an important step in the standardisation of these studies.
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Luo, Zhixing, and Yiqing Lu. "Multi-case study on the carbon emissions of the ecological dwellings in cold regions of China over the whole life cycle." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5 (July 2, 2020): 1998–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720934054.
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This study employed the bottom-up life cycle assessment method, examining the life cycle carbon emissions of three dwellings constructed at different times with different techniques in Yinchuan City, China, i.e. traditional earth brick dwelling (Case 1), brick–straw bale dwelling (Case 2), wood–straw solar energy dwelling (Case 3). The study aimed to find the methods of reducing carbon emissions, so as to slow down the global warming. The results showed that (1) with excellent thermal insulation properties, straw bale was remarkably effective in reducing carbon emissions from heating at the use stage; (2) 15 kWp solar photovoltaic panels contributed to offsetting the carbon emission of the dwelling; (3) straw bales and logs could store the carbon in building envelope, which partly offset the carbon emissions. The findings of this study have proved that ecological building materials and solar photovoltaic system have great potential in reducing carbon emissions of buildings, and can provide a basis for the design and material selection of future dwellings in order to promote the development of green dwellings.
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Liu, Yang, Han Yue, Na Wang, Heng Zhang, and Haiping Chen. "Design and Transient Analysis of a Natural Gas-Assisted Solar LCPV/T Trigeneration System." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225930.
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This paper proposes a natural gas assisted solar low-concentrating photovoltaic/thermal trigeneration (NG-LCPV/T-TG) system. This novel system simultaneously provides electrical, thermal and cooling energy to the user. The design and dynamic simulation performance of the NG-LCPV/T-TG system is completed using Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) software. The results show that the system can satisfy the requirements of the cooling and heating load. The proposed system maintains the experimental room temperature at about 25 °C under the cooling mode, at about 20 °C under the heating mode. The electrical and thermal energy produced by the low-concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (LCPV/T) system are 3819 kWh and 18,374 kWh. Meanwhile, the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of the low temperature heat pump (LHP), high temperature heat pump (HHP) and chiller are 5, 2.2 and 0.6, respectively. This proposed system realizes the coupling of natural gas and solar energy in a building. In summary, this trigeneration system is feasible and it promotes the implementation of building integrated high-efficiency energy supply system.